Incoterms国际贸易术语中英文对照解释(全)(2020年8月整理).pdf

EXW (insert named place of delivery)
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
It is suitable for domestic trade, while FCA is usually more appropriate for international trade.
“Ex Works” means that the seller delivers when it places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises or at another named place (i.e., works, factory, warehouse, etc.). The seller does not need to load the goods on any collecting vehicle, nor does it need to clear the goods for export, where such clearance is applicable.
The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery, as the costs and risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the agreed point, if any, at the named place of delivery.
EXW represents the minimum obligation for the seller. The rule should be used with care as:
a) The seller has no obligation to the buyer to load the goods, even though in practice the seller may be in a better
position to do so. If the sel ler does load the goods, it does so at the buyer’s risk and expense. In cases where the seller is in a better position to load the goods, FCA, which obliges the seller to do so at its own risk and expense, is usually more appropriate.
b) A buyer who buys from a seller on an EXW basis for export needs to be aware that the seller has an obligation to
provide only such assistance as the buyer may require to effect that export: the seller is not bound to organize the export clearance. Buyers are therefore well advised not to use EXW if they cannot directly or indirectly obtain export clearance.
c) The buyer has limited obligations to provide to the seller any information regarding the export of the goods. However,
the seller may need this information for, e.g., taxation or reporting purposes.
EXW——工厂交货（……指定地点）
本条规则与（当事人）所选择的运输模式无关，即便（当事人）选择多种运输模式，亦可适用该规则。

本规则较适用于国内交易，对于国际交易，则应选FCA[1] “货交承运人（……指定地点）”规则为佳。

“工厂交货（---指定地点）”是指当卖方在其所在地或其他指定的地点（如工场（强调生产制造场所）、工厂（制造场所）或仓库等）将货物交给买方处置时，即完成交货。

卖方不需将货物装上任何运输工具，在需要办理出口清关手续时，卖方亦不必为货物办理出口清关手续。

双方都应该尽可能明确的指定货物交付地点，因为此时（交付前的）费用与风险由卖方承担。

买方必须承当在双方约定的地点或在指定地受领货物的全部费用和风险。

EXW 是卖方承担责任最小的术语。

它应遵守以下使用规则：
a)卖方没有义务为买方装载货物，即使在实际中由卖方装载货物可能更方便。

若由卖方装载货物，相关风险
和费用亦由买方承担。

如果卖方在装载货物中处于优势地位，则使用由卖方承担装载费用与风险的FCA术语通常更合适。

b)买方在与卖方使用EXW术语时应知晓，卖方仅在买方要求（更符合术语特质）办理出口手续时负有协助的
义务：（但是），卖方并无义务主动（更强调最小义务，吸收进2010年本身的意义）办理出口清关手续。

因此如果买方不能直接或间接地办理出口清关手续，建议买方不要使用EXW术语。

c)买方承担向卖方提供关于货物出口之信息的有限义务。

但是，卖方可能需要这些用作诸如纳税（申报税款）、
报关等目的的信息。

FCA - Free Carrier (insert named place of delivery)
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
“Free Carrier” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another perso n nominated by the buyer at the seller’s premises or another named place. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the named place of delivery, as the risk passes to the buyer at that point.
If the parties intend to deliver the goods at the seller’s premises, they should identify the address of those premises as the named place of delivery. If, on the other hand, the parties intend the goods to be delivered at another place, they must identify a different specific place of delivery.
FCA requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.
FCA——货交承运人（……指定地点）
该项规则可以适用于各种运输方式（单独使用的情况），也可以适用于多种运输方式同时使用的情况。

“货交承运人”是指卖方于其所在地或其他指定地点将货物交付给承运人或买方指定人。

建议当事人最好尽可能清楚地明确说明指定交货的具体点，风险将在此点转移至买方。

若当事人意图在卖方所在地交付货物，则应当确定该所在地的地址，即指定交货地点。

另一方面，若当事人意图在其他地点交付货物，则应当明确确定一个不同的具体交货地点。

FCA要求卖方在需要时办理出口清关手续。

但是，卖方没有办理进口清关手续的义务，也无需缴纳任何进口关税或者办理其他进口海关手续。

在需要办理海关手续时（在必要时/适当时），DAP规则要求应有卖方办理货物的出口清关手续，但卖方没有义务办理货物的进口清关手续，支付任何进口税或者办理任何进口海关手续，如果当事人希望卖方办理货物的进口清关手续，支付任何进口税和办理任何进口海关手续，则应适用DDP规则。

CPT – Carriage Paid to (insert named place of destination)
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
“Carriage Paid To” means that the seller deliv ers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the seller at an agreed place (if any such place is agreed between the parties) and that the seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination.
When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination.
This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places. The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible in the contract both the place of delivery, where the risk passes to the buyer, and the named place of destination to which the
seller must contract for the carriage. If several carriers are used for the carriage to the agreed destination and the parties do not agree on a specific point of delivery, the default position is that risk passes when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier at a p oint entirely of the seller’s choosing and over which the
buyer has no control. Should the parties wish the risk to pass at a later stage (e.g., at an ocean port or airport), they need to specify this in their contract of sale. The parties are also well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point within the agreed place of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the named place of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties.
CPT requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.
CPT——运费付至（……指定目的港）
导言
这一术语无例外地用于所选择的任何一种运输方式以及运用多种运输方式的情况。

“运费付至…”指卖方在指定交货地向承运人或由其(卖方)指定的其他人交货并且其（卖方）须与承运人订立运输合同，载明并实际承担将货物运送至指定目的地的所产生的必要费用.
在CPT, CIP, CFR, or CIF适用的情形下，卖方的交货义务在将货物交付承运人，而非货物到达指定目的地时，即告完全履行。

此规则有两个关键点，因为风险和成本在不同的地方发生转移。

买卖双方当事人应在买卖合同中尽可能准确地确定以下两个点：发生转移至买方的交货地点;在其须订立的运输合同中载明的指定目的地。

如果使用多个承运人将货物运至指定目的地，且买卖双方并未对具体交货地点有所约定，则合同默认风险自货物由买方交给第一承运人时转移，卖方对这一交货地点的选取具有排除买方控制的绝对选择权。

如果当事方希望风险转移推迟至稍后的地点发生（例如：某海港或机场），那么他们需要在买卖合同中明确约定这一点。

由于将货物运至指定目的地的费用由卖方承担，因而当事人应尽可能准确地确定目的地中的具体地点。

且卖方须在运输合同中载明这一具体的交货地点。

卖方基于其运输合同中在指定目的地卸货时，如果产生了相关费用，卖方无权向买方索要，除非双方有其他约定。

CPT贸易术语要求卖方，在需要办理这些手续时，办理货物出口清关手续。

但是，卖方没有义务办理货物进口清关手续、支付进口关税以及办理任何进口所需的任何海关手续。

CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid to (insert named place of destination)
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Carriage and Insurance Paid to” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person nominated by the seller at an agreed place (if any such place is agreed between the parties) and that the seller must contract for and pay the costs of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named place of destination.
The seller also contracts for insurance cover against the buyer’s risk of loss of or dama ge to the goods during the carriage. The buyer should note that under CIP the seller is required to obtain insurance only on minimum cover. Should the buyer wish to have more insurance protection, it will need either to agree as much expressly with the seller or to make its own extra insurance arrangements.
When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier and not when the goods reach the place of destination.
This rule has two critical points, because risk passes and costs are transferred at different places. The parties are well advised to identify as precisely as possible in the contract both the place of delivery, where the risk passes to the buyer, and the named place of destination to which the seller must contract for carriage. If several carriers are used for the carriage to the agreed destination and the parties do not agree on a specific point of delivery, the default position is that risk passes when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier at a point entirely of the seller’s choosing and over which the buyer has no control. Should the parties wish the risk to pass at a later stage (e.g., at an ocean port or an airport), they need to specify this in their contract of sale.
The parties are also well advised to identify as precisely as possible the point within the agreed place of destination, as the costs to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the named place of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties.
CIP requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.
CIP——运费和保险费付至（……指定目的地）
导言
该术语可适用于各种运输方式，也可以用于使用两种以上的运输方式时。

“运费和保险费付至”含义是在约定的地方（如果该地在双方间达成一致）卖方向承运人或是卖方指定的另一个人发货，以及卖方必须签订合同和支付将货物运至目的地的运费。

卖方还必须订立保险合同以防买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险。

买方应注意到CIP（运费和保险费付至指定目的地）术语只要求卖方投保最低限度的保险险别。

如买方需要更多的保险保障，则需要与卖方明确地达成协议，或者自行作出额外的保险安排。

在CPT，CIP，CFR和CIF在这些术语下，当卖方将货物交付与承运人时而不是货物到达目的地时，卖方已经完成其交货义务。

由于风险和费用因地点之不同而转移，本规则有两个关键点。

买卖双方最好在合同中尽可能精确地确认交货地点，风险转移至买方地，以及卖方必须订立运输合同所到达的指定目的地。

若将货物运输至约定目的地用到若干承运人而买卖双方未就具体交货点达成一致，则默认为风险自货物于某一交货点被交付至第一承运人时转移，该交货点完全由卖方选择而买方无权控制。

如果买卖双方希望风险在之后的某一阶段转移（例如在一个海港或一个机场），则他们需要在其买卖合同中明确之。

将货物运输至具体交货地点的费用由卖方承担，因此双方最好尽可能明确在约定的目的地的具体交货地点。

卖方最好制定与此次交易精确匹配的的运输合同。

如果卖方按照运输合同在指定的目的地卸货而支付费用，除非双方另有约定，卖方无权向买方追讨费用。

CIP术语要求卖方在必要时办理货物出口清关手续。

但是，卖方不承担办理货物进口清关手续，支付任何进口
关税，或者履行任何进口报关手续的义务。

DAT – Delivered at Terminal (insert named terminal at port or place of destination)
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed.
“Delivered at Terminal” means that the seller delivers when the goods, once unloaded from the arriving means of transport, are placed at the disposal of the buyer at a named terminal at the named port or place of destination. “Terminal” includes any place, whether covered or not, such as a quay, warehouse, container yard or road, rail or air cargo terminal.
The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to and unloading them at the terminal at the named port or place of destination. The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the terminal and, if possible, a specific point within the terminal at the agreed port or place of destination, as the risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure a contract of carriage that matches this choice precisely. Moreover, if the parties intend the seller to bear the risks and costs involved in transporting and handling the goods from the terminal to another place, then the DAP or DDP rules should be used.
DAT requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable.
However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.
DAT——终点站交货（……指定目的港或目的地）
此规则可用于选择的各种运输方式，也适用于选择的一个以上的运输方式。

“终点站交货”是指，卖方在指定的目的港或目的地的指定的终点站卸货后将货物交给买方处置即完成交货。

“终点站”包括任何地方，无论约定或者不约定，包括码头，仓库，集装箱堆场或公路，铁路或空运货站。

卖方应承担将货物运至指定的目的地和卸货所产生的一切风险和费用。

建议当事人尽量明确地指定终点站，如果可能，（指定）在约定的目的港或目的地的终点站内的一个特定地点，因为（货物）到达这一地点的风险是由卖方承担建议卖方签订一份与这样一种选择准确契合的运输合同。

此外，若当事人希望卖方承担从终点站到另一地点的运输及管理货物所产生的风险和费用，那么此时DAP （目的地交货）或DDP（完税后交货）规则应该被适用。

在必要的情况下，DAT规则要求卖方办理货物出口清关手续。

但是，卖方没有义务办理货物进口清关手续并支付任何进口税或办理任何进口报关手续。

DAP Delivered at Place(insert named place of destination)
GUIDANCE NOTE
This rule may be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and may also be used where more than one mode of transport is employed. “Delivered at Place” means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination. The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place.
The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the agreed place of destination, as the risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the place of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties.
DAP requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. If the parties wish the seller to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty and carry out any import customs formalities, the DDP term should be used.
DAP——目的地交货（……指定目的地）
导言
DAP是《国际贸易术语解释通则2010》新添加的术语，取代了的DAF[2]（边境交货）、DES[3]（目的港船上交货）和DDU[4]（未完税交货）三个术语。

该规则的适用不考虑所选用的运输方式的种类，同时在选用的运输方式不止一种的情形下也能适用。

目的地交货的意思是：卖方在指定的交货地点，将仍处于交货的运输工具上尚未卸下的货物交给买方处置即完成交货。

卖方须承担货物运至指定目的地的一切风险。

尽管卖方承担货物到达目的地前的风险，该规则仍建议双方将合意交货目的地指定尽量明确。

建议卖方签订恰好匹配该种选择的运输合同。

如果卖方按照运输合同承受了货物在目的地的卸货费用，那么除非双方达成一致，卖方无权向买方追讨该笔费用。

在需要办理海关手续时（在必要时/适当时），DAP规则要求应有卖方办理货物的出口清关手续，但卖方没有义务办理货物的进口清关手续，支付任何进口税或者办理任何进口海关手续，如果当事人希望卖方办理货物的进口清关手续，支付任何进口税和办理任何进口海关手续，则应适用DDP规则。