间脑-端脑-脑神经

Ventral posterior nucleus ►ventral posterior lateral nucleus
medial lemniscus
spinothalamic pathway postcentral gyrus
►ventral posterior medial nucleus
Lateral genuculate nucleus
nasal half of each retina optic nerve (I ) optic chiasma contralateral optic tract temporal half of each retina opitc nerve(I) optic chiasma ipsilateral optic tract ->superior colliculus ->superior quadrigeminal brachium
►medial geniculate body, lateral geniculate body ►intralaminar nuclei
☼midline nuclei ►reticular nuclie
Anterior nuclei Mammillothalamic tract
Hippocampal formationfornix mamillary nuclei mamillothalamic tract anterio nuclei of thalamus thalamocortial pathways
mediodorsal nucleus piriform and adjacent cortex amygdala, pallidum medial nuclei anterior and medial prefrontal cortex olfactory input
Lateral nucleus
•Frontal pole •Occipital pole Preoccipital incisure •Temporal pole
•Gyri or convolutions (2200 cm2) •Sulci or fissure •Longitudinal cerebral fissure
Superolateral cerebral surface •Lateral sulcus (Stem, Ant. Post. Asc. Ramus) conducts the middle cerebral vessels •Central sulcus (70o ,2cm)
Hypothalamus
►lamina terminalis ►vertical plane posterior to the mammillary body ►hypothalamic sulcus ►base of the brain beneath the 3rd ventricle
Optic chiasm tuber cinereum tuberal eminence infundibular stalk mamillary bodies posterior perforated substance
lateral geniculate nucleus, superior colliculus, pretectal area posterior limb of internal capsule optic radiation occipital cortex in the banks of the calcarine sulcus (area 17)
Surfaces of the cerebrum 1.Superolateral surface 2.Medial surface
3.Inferior surface
•Superomedial border •Inferolateral border •Medial occipital border
Frontal lobe • central sulcus • superomedial border • lateral sulcus
Precentral sulcus
• precentral gyrus
(areas 4,6)
Superior frontal sulcus • superior frontal gyrus
1.Postcentral sulcus areas 3,1,2 1.Intraparietal sulcus
Postcentral gyrus (areas 3,1,2) Posterior area
anterior limbic area, parahipocampal gyrus, corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus
regulation of alertness, get information, attention and encoding memories
Medial nuclei
• middle frontal gyrus (area 8)
Inferior frontal sulcus
• inferior frontal gyrus (areas 44,45)
Pars obitalis Pars triagularis Pars opercularis
Temporal lobe
Division and nuclei ►chiasmatic (supraotic) region ►tuberal region ►posterior (mammillary) region
►periventricular zone ►intermediate (medial) zone ►lateral zone
Ventral nucleus Ventral anterior nucleus ventral lateral nuclear complex ventral posterior nucleus
dorsal nucleus lateral dorsal nucleus lateral posterior nucleus pulvinar
superior olivary nuclei
->lateral lemniscus ->inferior colliculus ->inferior quadigeminal brachium
->medial geniculate body
->transvers superior temporal gyrus
►lateral geniculate body
Superior surface ►stria terminalis thalamostriate vein body of the caudate nuclei ►external medullary lamina thalamus—reticular nucleus ►posterior limb of the internal capsule medial surface ►interthalamic adhesion, 1cm ►hypothalamic sulcus
►an ovoid nuclear mass ►borders the third ventricle ►anterior pole forming the
posterior boundary of the interventricular foramen
►posterior pole -> pulvinar The brachium of the superior colliculus ►medial geniculate body
►brainstem, thalamus, limbic structure and neocortex neuroendocrine connetions of the hypothalamus with the pituitary gland
Functions of the hypothalamus
2.Middle temporal gyrus
3.Inferior temporal gyrus 4.Transvers temporal gyrus (area 41,42) (circular sulcus)
Parietal lobe •Central sulcus •Preoccipital incisure, parieto-occipital sulcus •Lateral sulcus
• Lateral sulcus • Preoccipital incisure, parietooccipital sulcus
1.Superior temporal sulcus 2.Inferior temporal sulcus
1.Superior temporal gyrus
auditory (area 22)
Ventral anterior nucleus
substantia nigra~frontal cortex
Ventral lateral nucleus
globus pallidus premotor cortex cerebellar nuclei spinothalamic tract vestibular nuclei
Structure of the thalamus
Internal medullary lamina Vertical Y-shaped sheet ►anterior nuclei ►medial nuclei dorsal and ventral ►lateral nuclei
►ventral nuclei
Forebrain diencephalon telencephalon Midbrain Hindbrain
Diencephalon
Epithalamus Dorsal thalamus Ventral or subthalamus
Hypothalamus Metathalumus
Dorsal thalamus (thalamus)
biological rhythme sleep-wake cycle regulation of plasma osmotic pressure temperature regulation regulation of the cardiovascular system regulation of food intake and metabolism reproduction response to stress
Mammillary body nuclei Paraventricular nuclei Supraoptic nuclei
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopression oxytocin
Connetions of the hypothalamus
►visceral and somatic sensory systems ►visual and olfactory sensory systems
Telencephalon
In earlier vertebrates:
Olfactory lobe piriform lobe --palaeopallium
Basal nuclei (early motor centre)
Hippocampal formation ---- archipallium Neopalium Lateral ventricle
trigeminal pathway postcentral gyrus
Medial genuculate body
Superior quadrigeminal brachium
Spiral ganglion cochlear nerve
Cochlear nuclei Trapezoid body