武汉大学研究生英语翻译
2024武汉大学英语笔译考研专业目录、招生人数、参考书目及备考经验指导
本文将由新祥旭考研曦曦老师对2024年武汉大学055101英语笔译专业考研进行解析。
主要有以下板块：专业简介、招生人数、考试科目、参考书目、分数线、备考经验等几大方面。
一、学院简介武汉大学外国语言文学学院翻译专业历史悠久，学术积淀深厚。
翻译系是华中地区乃至全国翻译教学、翻译研究以及翻译人才培养的重镇。
历史上许多著名翻译家、翻译理论家如辜鸿铭、朱光潜、闻一多、方重、叶君健、袁锦祥、郭著章等都在此从事过翻译教学或研究工作。
继2010年获批外国语言文学一级学科博士点后，2011年获批英语语言文学二级学科博士授予点，开始招收翻译方向博士研究生，2012年又获批翻译学二级学科博士点，是全国为数不多的拥有翻译学博士点的授权单位。
随着翻译学科的迅猛发展，2010年翻译方向从英文系分离成立翻译系。
经过十余年的努力，翻译系已形成翻译本科、翻译专业硕士、翻译学术硕士、翻译学博士以及一级学科博士后流动站的完整教育体系，每年接受一定数量的访问学者和博士后研究人员。
翻译系师资力量雄厚，教师学历层次较高，学术梯队完善，年龄结构合理。
现有专任教师14人，其中博士生导师4人、教授4人、副教授8人、讲师2人。
教师基本都有海外留学经历。
刘军平教授、马萧教授是该学科带头人，在教育部高等学校翻译专业教学协作组、中国翻译协会、中国英汉语比较研究会、中国语用学研究会、中国译协翻译理论与翻译教学委员会、湖北省翻译协会、武汉翻译协会等担任重要学术职务，在全国有着广泛的影响。
2015年，以马萧教授带领的翻译系教学团队荣获唯一的“武汉大学第七届杰出教学贡献校长奖”。
2020年，该团队获得“湖北省教学团队”殊荣。
翻译系青年教师罗菁曾获“中译杯”全国翻译大赛冠军、武汉大学青年教师教学比赛一等奖、湖北省青年教师讲课比赛二等奖。
翻译系还聘请了一批在外交部、联合国、省市外办、翻译机构任职的兼职教授。
翻译系每年招收本科生约30人，翻译专业硕士研究生（口译、笔译）约40人，翻译学术硕士研究生约10人，博士生研究生约5人，访问学者约5人，博士后研究人员约3人。
武汉大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案
武汉大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案武汉大学（回忆）翻译硕士英语一、单选（40*0.5）二、改错一篇文章10个错误（是一篇专八的真题•••）三、阅读理解分A,B两部分（40’）：A：30分。
4篇文章，每篇5个单项选择题，共20个题，每题1.5分B：10分。
1篇文章，5个问答题，每题2分，要求答案不超过10个单词四、作文（30’）:讲的是大学教育。
说一部分人认为大学教育的最主要目的是为了找好工作，另一部分人认为是为了个人发展和社会。
请陈述两种观点，最后还要说说自己的看法。
英语翻译基础一、30分：A：15个英译汉：GNP，UNCF，CPI，UNESCO，ASEAN，OPEC，lingua franka，foreignizing method，polysysterm thory，intersemiotic translationB：15个汉翻译：转变政府职能，民族先知，全面战略伙伴关系，第三产业，生态补偿机制，虚拟经济二、段落翻译（120’）A：60分，英翻汉（奥巴马就职演讲的几段）：I stand here today humbled by the task before us,grateful for the trust you have bestowed,mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.I thank President Bush for his service to our nation,as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath.The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace.Yet,every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms.At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office,but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers,and true to our founding documents.That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood.Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred.Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some,but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age.Homes have been lost;jobs shed;businesses shuttered.Our health care is too costly;our schools fail too many;and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.These are the indicators of crisis,subject to data and statistics.Less measurablebut no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land-a nagging fear that America’s decline is inevitable,and that the next generation must lower its sights.Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real.They are serious and they are many.They will not be met easily or in a short span of time.But know this, America-they will be met.B:汉翻英（夏衍《野草》中的几段）：有人问：世界上什么东西的气力最大？回答纷纭的很，有的说“象”，有的说“狮”，有人开玩笑似的说是“金刚”，金刚有多少气力，当然大家全不知道。
武汉大学翻译硕士各细分专业介绍
武汉大学翻译硕士各细分专业介绍武汉大学翻译硕士全日制学费总额3万元，学制2年。
相对于很多专业，翻译硕士是高投入高产出的专业，没有一流的老师就没有一流的学生，请最好的老师培养翻译硕士人才，这是行业需要。
确实，翻译硕士就业薪水高是事实，只要将语言学通了，将来的就业肯定不成问题。
其专业方向有：英语笔译、英语口译这两个专业方向的初试考试科目是一样的：①101思想政治理论②211翻译硕士英语③357英语翻译基础④448汉语写作与百科知识武汉大学翻硕考研难度一、本文系统介绍武汉大学翻译硕士考研难度，武汉大学翻译硕士就业，武汉大学翻译硕士考研辅导，武汉大学翻译硕士考研参考书，武汉大学翻译硕士专业课五大方面的问题，凯程武汉大学翻译硕士老师给大家详细讲解。
特别申明，以下信息绝对准确，凯程就是王牌的武汉大学翻译硕士考研机构！二、武汉大学翻译硕士考研难度大不大，跨专业的人考上的多不多?近年来，翻译硕士一直是一个热门专业，而武汉大学一直以来都是众多学子的梦想，2015年武汉大学翻译硕士招生人数为25人左右，总体来说，武汉大学翻译硕士招生量较大，考试难度不高。
每年都有大量二本三本学生考取的，根据凯程从武汉大学研究生院内部的统计数据得知，武汉大学翻译硕士的考生中90%以上都是跨专业考生，在录取的学生中，基本都是跨专业考的。
在考研复试的时候，老师更看重跨专业学生的能力，而不是本科背景。
其次，翻译硕士考试科目里，百科，翻译及基础本身知识点难度并不大，跨专业的学生完全能够学得懂。
即使本科学翻译的同学，专业课也不见得比你强多少（大学学的内容本身就非常浅）。
所以记住重要的不是你之前学得如何，而是从决定考研起就要抓紧时间完成自己的计划，下定决心，就全身心投入，要相信付出总会有回报。
在凯程辅导班里很多这样三凯程生，都考的不错，主要是看你努力与否。
三、武汉大学翻译硕士就业怎么样？据武汉大学2014届毕业生就业质量年度报告显示，翻译硕士毕业生就业率高达96.12%，再加上近几年社会对于翻译硕士人才需求量越来越大，因此就业根本不是问题。
武汉大学研究生英语英汉互译全部内容汇编
汉译英1、走社会主义道路，就是要逐步实现共同富裕。
共同富裕的构想是这样的：一部分地区有条件先发展起来，一部分地区发展慢点，先发展起来的地区带动后发展的地区，最终达到共同富裕……解决的办法之一，就是先富起来的地区多交点利税，支持贫困地区的发展。
翻译：To take the road of socialism is to realize common prosperity step by step. Our plan is as follow: where conditions permit, some areas may develop faster than others; those that develop faster can help promote the progress of those that lag behind, until all become prosperous… One way is for the areas that become prosperous first to support the poor ones by paying more taxes or turning in more profits to the state.2、要提倡科学，靠科学才有希望。
翻译：We must promote science, for that is where our hope lies.3、现阶段中国已经实现了粮食基本自给，在未来的发展过程中，中国依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给，客观上具备诸多有利因素翻译：China has basically achieved self-sufficiency in grain at the present stage, and there are many favorable objective factors for her to maintain such achievement by her own efforts in the course of future development.4、社会主义中国应该用实践向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治，永不称霸。
武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版
武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版武汉大学是一所享有盛誉的高等学府，其英语教育水平一直处于国内领先地位。
每学期，武汉大学都会对硕士生进行英语期末考试，以确保学生的英语能力达到学校的要求。
以下是武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版，供读者参考。
一、选择题1、The train _____ in an hour. A. leaves B. left C. is leavingD. will leave 答案：A 解析：根据时间状语“in an hour”可知，本题应使用一般将来时。
2、--- Shall we go for a walk? --- _____. A. It's a good ideaB. That's all rightC. You're welcomeD. Not at all 答案：A 解析：根据问句“shall we...”可知，本题应回答肯定回答，即“It'sa good idea”是正确答案。
3、--- How was your trip to Beijing? --- _____. A. It was greatB. It was terribleC. Yes, it was greatD. No, it was terrible 答案：A 解析：根据问句“How was your trip to Beijing?”可知，本题应回答“It was great”。
二、阅读理解4、The passage mainly discusses the relationship between language and culture. 答案：TRUE 解析：本文主要讨论语言和文化之间的关系，说明语言反映文化，文化影响语言。
41、The word "etiquette" in the passage refers to good manners. 答案：TRUE 解析：根据文章第二段中的句子“etiquette is a code of behavior that is based on rules of good manners”可知，“etiquette”指的是良好的礼仪。
武汉大学翻译硕士(MTI)基础科目英汉互译真题
武汉大学翻译硕士（MTI）基础科目英汉互译真题1.APEC 亚太经合组织2.CAT 计算机辅助翻译(Computer Aided Translation) ; （结合：CAD 计算机辅助设计）3.NATO 北大西洋公约组织（North Atlantic Treaty Organization）4.FIT 国外个人旅行（Foreign Independent Tour）5.GPS 全球定位系统（Global Position System）；6.IMF 国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)7.subtitling 字幕8.Morse code 摩尔斯电码9.Translation studies 翻译研究10.Jerusalem 耶路撒冷11.General Assembly 联合国大会12.Gallup poll盖洛普民意测验13.money order汇款单14.Think-Aloud Protocols有声思维15.translation norms翻译规范汉译英：16.双赢Win-win17.三国Three Kingdoms18.直译Literal translation19.信达雅faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance20.民族政策Ethnic policies21.科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development；22.节约型社会conservation-oriented society23.节能减排Energy conservation and emission reduction24.次贷危机Sub-prime mortgage crisis25.服务型政府Service-oriented government26.扫黄打非Eliminate pornography and illegal publications27.灾害救助制度the natural disaster relief system28.和谐社会harmonious society29.职业翻译者professional translator30.国际关系民主化practice democracy in international relations1 ASEAN:东南亚国家联盟（东盟）（Association of Southeast Asian Nations)2 CPI:消费者物价指数（Consumer Price Index）；3 EQ:情商（Emotional Quotient）4 GMT:格林威治标准时间（Greenwich Mean Time）5 GNP：国民生产总值（gross national product）6 OPEC：石油输出国家组织（Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries）7 UNCF:联合国儿童基金会（the United Children's Fund ）8 UNESCO:联合国教科文组织（United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization)9 NGO:民间组织；非政府组织（Non-Governmental Organization）10 Dynamic Equivalence 动态对等11 Foreignizing Method 异化12 Intersemiotic Translation 符际翻译【扩展：翻译可从5种不同的角度来分类：从译出语和译入语的角度来分类，翻译可分为本族语译为外语、外语译为本族语；1）从涉及到的语言符号来分类，翻译分为语内翻译（intralingual translation）、语际翻译（interlingual translation）和符际翻译（intersemiotic translation）；2）从翻译的手段来分类，翻译可分为口译（oral interlingual translation）、笔译（written interlingual translation）和机器翻译（machine translation）；3）从翻译的题材来分类，翻译可分为专业文献翻译（translation of English for science and technology）、文学翻译（literary translation）和一般性翻译（practical writing translation）；4）从翻译的处理方式来分类，翻译可分为全译（full translation）、摘译（partial translation）和编译（translation plus editing）】13 Lingua Franca 通用语14 Polysystems Theory 多元系统理论15 Department of Homeland Security 国土安全局汉译英：1 即席翻译unseen translation2 稀土rare earth3 产品导向product-driven4 民族的先知prophet of a nation5 操纵汇率Exchange Rate Manipulation6 第三产业The tertiary industry7 宏观调控macro-control efforts8 虚拟经济Virtonomics9 生态补偿机制ecological compensation mechanism10 西部大开发largescale development of the western region11 抑制流动性curb liquidity12 可持续发展sustainable development13 全面战略伙伴关系the comprehensive strategic partnership14 转变政府职能The transformation of governmental functions15 国际金融新秩序a new international financial order凯程教育：凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。
2017年武汉大学翻译硕士考研真题、考研笔记
2017年武汉大学考研指导【武汉大学】翻译硕士英语:前面还是一贯40个选择题，涉及语法词汇，部分题目源自GRE试题，改错讲的是美国流行音乐，阅读整体不算太难，作文写的是关于奢侈品和服务的luxury goods and service.英语翻译基础：英译汉全部是缩写，有VASM VAR SARS CPC UNESCO POW FOB CAAC OTC ETC BSE，汉译英有恋父情结，军事基地，轭式搭配，百科全书，交通拥堵。
段落翻译英译汉讲的是黄梅十字绣，英翻汉是三个小段落，属于散文描写累的，第一个描写女性，第二个说脑子炸了，眼前的场景像电视机坏了出现雪花斑点一样，第三个说的是在餐馆听到上头风云人物的八卦是一件开心事，大家都专注倾听而忘了吃饭，都希望把这些事儿带回公司讲个别人听汉语写作与百科知识：选择题大部分都是课外知识，很少考到武大刘军平老师的那本百科书，25个选择题只有几个是书上的，应用文写的是申请书，第一篇大作文给了一段材料说财经作家吴晓波在自媒体上发消息说决定征稿重译亚当斯密的国富论，并给出每一千字500的报酬，对于这个现象，有人认为这样翻译不严谨。
后面说其实，重译经典是每一个译者无法抗拒的诱惑，然后等等，最后问你怎么看待经典重译这一现象，让你写评论。
第二篇是命题作文，论个人素质和受教育程度的关系。
【北京第二外国语学院】汉译英：日本茶道豆腐渣工程国家外汇管理局教育部世界反法西斯战争人民解放军世界文化遗产知识产权英译汉：NASA A fool"s hesitation is no speed A close mouth catches no flies strip the citizenship百科：多瑙河注入哪个海四书人有多少对染色体青铜是铜和（）的合金选出不是百科全书作家的外国作家【河海大学】一.填空（2*25，记不清顺序了，但是保证第一个顺序是正确的）1.桃园三结义有刘备，关羽和（）2.人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青出自文天祥的哪首诗？二.3.凿壁偷光是谁凿的？三. 4.陆上丝绸之路第一个提出的是谁？大概意思就这样，原句不记得了5.横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛出自鲁迅的哪首诗？6.桂林山水号称？7.莫奈的《印象日出》是什么派的？8.中国第一条铁路是谁修建的？9.南京享有什么的美誉，自从范蠡在那建城10.获得诺贝尔医学奖的中国人名？11.中国第一部兵法是什么？12.《霸王别姬》原著是谁？13.会当凌绝顶下一句是什么？14.千里共婵娟的婵娟在古时指的是什么？15.诗圣是谁？16.希腊神话中，众神之父是谁？17.泰姬陵是哪里的？18.京剧的四个角色，生旦净and?19.黄梅戏出自哪里？二、小作文写一篇河海大学100周年校庆（不少于400字）。
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试武汉大学2014年真题
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试武汉大学2014年真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.The U. S government is made up of three portions ; executive, legislative and judicial. （分数：0.50）A.parts √B.ingredientsC.principlesD.proportions解析：[解析] 句意：美国政府由三个部分组成：行政、立法和司法。
portion和part含义相同，均表示“(整体中独立的)部分”。
ingredient(混合物的)组成部分；(构成)要素。
principle原理，原则。
proportion 比例；部分。
2.For 18 months, Iran repeatedly rebuffed all U. S proposals to free the hostages.（分数：0.50）A.rebukedB.rejected √C.abusedD.filtered解析：[解析] 句意：一年半以来，伊朗一再拒绝美国要求释放人质的提议。
rebuff断然拒绝，回绝。
reject 拒绝，驳回。
rebuke非难，指责。
abuse滥用；虐待。
filter过滤；渗入。
3.The common earthworm is made up of round segments , commonly divided into anterior and posterior. （分数：0.50）ansB.cellsC.ringsD.sections √解析：[解析] 句意：一般的蚯蚓都是由一段一段的环形组成的，通常还包括前段和后段。
segment 段；体节。
section节，段。
organ器官。
cell细胞。
ring环状物，圆圈。
round表示“圆"的”，ring与之语义重复，故不选。
武汉大学研究生英语听力原文整理
Unit 1Section Two (Martin Jacques: Understanding the rise of China)Q1The world is changing with really remarkable speed. If you look at the chart at the top here, you’ll see that in 2025, these Goldman Sachs projections suggest that the Chinese economy will be almost the same size as the American economy. And if you look at the chart for 2050, it’s projected that the Chinese economy will be twice the size of the American economy, and the Indian economy will be almost the same size as the American economy. And we should bear in mind here that these projections were drawn up before the Western financial crisis. A couple of weeks ago, I was looking at the latest projection by BNP Paribas for when China will have a larger economy than the United States. Goldman Sachs projected 2027. The post-crisis projection is 2020. That’s just a decade away. China is going to change the world in two fundamental respects. First of all, it’s a huge developing country with a population of 1.3 billion people, which has been growing for over 30 years at around 10 percent a year. And within a decade, it will have the largest economy in the world. Never before in the modern era has the largest economy in the world been that of a developing country, rather than a developed country. Secondly, for the first time in the modern era, the dominant country in the world –which I think is what China will become – will be not from the West and from very, very different civilizational roots. Now I know it’s a widespread assumption in the West that, as countries modernize, they also Westernize. This is an illusion. It’s an assumption that modernity is a product simply of competition, markets and technology. It is not; it is also shaped equally by history and culture. China is not like the West, and it will not become like the West. It will remain in very fundamental respects very different. Now the big question here is obviously, how do we make sense of China? How do we try to understand what China is? And the problem we have in the West at the moment by-and-large is that the conventional approach is that we understand it really in Western terms, using Western ideas. We can’t. Now I want to offer you three building blocks for trying to understand what China is like – just as a beginning.世界正以惊人的速度变化着。
武汉大学 硕士英语课后翻译-缩小版
硕士英语课后翻译(unit 1 text A)Text A注：自己查找结合老师课堂所讲的内容翻译的，有疏漏之处希望能在评论中指出1-a-1Since there seems to be no universals of "human nature" that can be used as a basis for automatic understanding, we must treat each encounter as an individual case, searching for whatever perceptions and communication means are held in common and proceed from there.既然没有普遍的人性可以作为自动理解的基础，所以我们必须把每次交往当作个别案例来处理，寻求任何共同的认知和交流方法并以此作为出发点。
1-a-2Without being alert to possible differences and the need to learn new rules for functioning, persons going from one city to the other will be in immediate trouble, even when acting simple roles such as pedestrian and driver.如果没有意识到可能存在的差异和学习生活的新规则的需要，从一个城市去另一个城市人将会立刻陷入困境，甚至在完成诸如行人、司机之类的简单角色时也会如此。
1-a-3The confidence that goes with the myth of similarity is much more comfortable than the assumption of differences, the latter requiring tentative assumptions and behaviors and a willingness to accept the anxiety of "not knowing".相信相似性的错误观念比设想存在差异更让人觉得舒服，因为后者要求试探性的设想和行为并且乐意接受由于“不知道”而产生的焦虑。
2015年武汉大学英语翻译硕士MTI真题及答案解析
2015年武汉大学英语翻译硕士MTI真题及答案解析(1/40)Vocabulary第1题His natural______ saved him from being spoilt by fame and success.A.honestyB.simplicityC.modestyD.morality下一题(2/40)Vocabulary第2题Patriotism was the army captain´s______when he spoke at our school assembly.A.themeB.theoremC.thesisD.theory上一题下一题(3/40)Vocabulary第3题A modern ship has its______in the hollowed log used by primitive peoples.A.protonB.patternC.predecessorD.prototype上一题下一题(4/40)Vocabulary第4题You should______the wheels of your bicycle to reduce the friction.belB.illustrateC.lubricateD.manipulate上一题下一题(5/40)Vocabulary第5题A person ought to conform the______of behaviour.A.patternsB.modelsC.modesD.norms上一题下一题(6/40)Vocabulary第6题Travel can be an excellent______to one´s education.plementpletionponentpetitor上一题下一题(7/40)Vocabulary第7题The______to the contract must be signed by two witnesses.A.assignmentB.attachmentC.assessmentD.alignment上一题下一题(8/40)Vocabulary第8题He accepted______for the damage done to the car.A.libertyB.liabilityC.licenseD.likelihood上一题下一题(9/40)Vocabulary第9题If the main power line fails, the hospital will use its______generator.A.residualB.subordinateC.obedientD.auxiliary上一题下一题(10/40)Vocabulary第10题The big searchlight______a spot a mile away.A.ignitesB.stimulatesC.illuminatesD.illustrates上一题下一题(11/40)Vocabulary第11题His newly published novel enjoys great______.A.attentionB.likelihoodC.popularityD.controversy上一题下一题(12/40)Vocabulary第12题The young mother looked at her sleeping baby with a(an)______smile.A.elegantB.earnestC.radiantD.radical上一题下一题(13/40)Vocabulary第13题Always tell your neighbours when you are going, as a______against burglary.A.safeguardB.hindranceC.sacrificeD.violation上一题下一题(14/40)Vocabulary第14题The plate dropped on the floor and______into little pieces.A.smashedB.crashedC.crackedD.crushed上一题下一题(15/40)Vocabulary第15题Having rooms in which to study will not______, we must also have the time to use them.A.sufficeB.satisfyC.quantifyD.rejoice上一题下一题(16/40)Vocabulary第16题Their______fault was a failure to recognize all the factors involved.A.infiniteB.inherentC.potentialD.sole上一题下一题(17/40)Vocabulary第17题Marilyn came back from her vacation with______arms and face.A.tanB.tameC.blackenedD.freshened上一题下一题(18/40)Vocabulary第18题The wagon trains had to______Indian territory to reach California.A.transferB.transverseC.traverseD.transport上一题下一题(19/40)Vocabulary第19题The propeller began to______, and the small plane started down the runway.A.rollB.whirlC.ventilateD.roar上一题下一题(20/40)Vocabulary第20题The government´s recent statement of the unemployment does not______with the facts.A.accordB.conformmenceD.consent上一题下一题(21/40)Vocabulary第21题They planned to______in the middle of the night, when the guards were asleep.A.go offB.run outC.break offD.break out上一题下一题(22/40)Vocabulary第22题It´s pretty windy. You´d better______your hat.A.add up toB.lend itself toC.hold on toD.stand up to上一题下一题(23/40)Vocabulary第23题She´s playing so well this year that people expect her to______all the big prizes again.A.carry onB.carry offC.carry outD.take off上一题下一题(24/40)Vocabulary第24题When he arrived, he found______the aged and the sick at home.A.nothing butB.none other thanC.none butD.no other than上一题下一题(25/40)Vocabulary第25题As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think______.A.have to be saidB.must sayC.ought to be saidD.need to say上一题下一题(26/40)Vocabulary第26题______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A.Other things to be equalB.Were other things equalC.To be equal to other thingsD.Other things being equal上一题下一题(27/40)Vocabulary第27题I am sure he is up to the job______he would give his mind to it.A.in caseB.untilC.if onlyD.unless上一题下一题(28/40)Vocabulary第28题If tap water were as dangerous as some people think, ______would be getting sick.A.a lot of more usB.a lot more of usC.more a lot of usD.a lot of us more上一题下一题(29/40)Vocabulary第29题Our modern civilization must not be thought of as______in a short period of time.A.being createdB.to have been createdC.having been createdD.to be created上一题下一题(30/40)Vocabulary第30题Most of the people who______two world wars are strongly against arms race.A.have lived outB.have lived throughC.have lived onD.have lived with上一题下一题(31/40)Vocabulary第31题An Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately______from Marathon to Athens.A.distanceB.is the distanceC.the distanceD.the distance is上一题下一题(32/40)Vocabulary第32题Scientists say it may be five or ten years______it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.when上一题下一题(33/40)Vocabulary第33题I walked too much yesterday and ______are still aching now.A.my leg´s musclesB.my muscles of legC.my leg musclesD.my muscles of the leg上一题下一题(34/40)Vocabulary第34题Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection______to the nation.A.has leftB.is to leaveC.leavesD.is to be left上一题下一题(35/40)Vocabulary第35题Jean doesn´t want to work right away because she thinks that if she______a job she probably wouldn´t be able to see her friends very often.A.has to getB.were to getC.had gotD.could have got上一题下一题(36/40)Vocabulary第36题The world´s supplies of copper______.A.have been gradually being exhaustedB.has gradually exhaustedC.are gradually exhaustedD.are being gradually exhausted上一题下一题(37/40)Vocabulary第37题Hitler______in his room.mitted suicideB.got committed suicideC.was committed suicideD.was suicide上一题下一题(38/40)Vocabulary第38题Bill got up and made a motion that the meeting______.A.be adjournedB.should cancelC.be going to cancelD.is to adjourn上一题下一题(39/40)Vocabulary第39题It is no good______persuade me.A.for you to try toB.trying toC.of you toD.of you to try to上一题下一题(40/40)Vocabulary第40题The main trouble is______enough knowledge.A.their not havingB.them not havingC.theirs not havingD.for them to not have上一题下一题(41~50/共30题)Reading ComprehensionProofreadingBefore 1973, abortion was illegal in America unless thewoman´s health was threatened. In March of 1970, Jame Roe, asingle woman, instituted this federal action against the District attorney of the county. The original idea was that women who truly didnot want a baby should not have to have it. __41__Since pregnancy may be a blessed act when planned or wanted, __42__ forced pregnancy, like any forced bodily invasion, is anathema to American values and traditions. As legalized abortion has become an everyday part of American life, a different side to it has emerged out. __43__ Where women once were aborting because they did not want a child, the reasons being given now were becoming very different. __44__ Abortion has turned into something that women are being coerced from boyfriends/husbands unwilling to be fathers, out of fear __45__of the financial pressure, out of panic from losing their jobs, out ofpanic from having to quit the school, or becoming homeless, or out__46__ of fear of their parents kicking them out into the street.Abortion for these reasons can lead to problems which developwhen a woman is unable to get round her emotional responses resul- __47__ ting from the trauma of an abortion. There are women who abort anddo so completely of her own free will. These women have no regrets, __48__ no remorse, but are happy they had this choice available. But __49__a growing number of women are speaking up about how abortioneffected them adversely. __50__第41题第42题第43题第44题第45题第46题第47题第48题第49题第50题上一题下一题(51~55/共30题)Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionIn developing a model of cognition, we must recognize that perception of the external world does not always remain independent of motivation. While progress toward maturity is positively correlated with differentiation between motivation and cognition, tension will, even in the mature adult, militate towards a narrowing of the range of perception and in the lessening of the objectivity of perception.Cognition can be seen as the first step in the sequence of events leading from the external stimulus to the behavior of the individual. The child develops from belief that all things are an extension of its own body to the recognition that objects exist independent of his perception. He begins to demonstrate awareness of people and things which are removed from his sensory apparatus and initiates goal directed behaviors. He may, however, refuse to recognize the existence of barriers to the attainment of his goals, despite the fact that his cognition of these objects has been previously demonstrated.In the primitive being, goal-directed behavior can be very simply motivated. The presence of an attractive object will cause an infant to reach for it; its removal will result in the cessation of that action. Studies have shown no evidence of the infant´s frustration; rather, it appears that the infant ceases to desire the object when he cannot see it. Further indications are that the infant´s attention to the attractive object increases as a result of its not being in his grasp. In fact, if he holds a toy and another is presented, he is likely to drop the first in order to clutch the second. Often, once he has the one desired in his hands, he loses attention and turns to something else.In adult life, mere cognition can be similarly motivational, although the visible presence of the opportunity is not required as the instigator of response. The mature adult modifies his reaction by obtaining information, interpreting it, and examining consequences. He formulates a hypothesis and attempts to test it. He searches out implicit relationships, examines all factors, and differentiates among them. Just as the trained artist can separate the values of colour, composition, and technique , while taking in and evaluating the whole work, so, too, the mature person brings his cognitive learning strengths to bear in appraising a situation.Understanding that cognition is separate from action, his reactions are only minimally guided from conditioning, and take into consideration anticipatable events.The impact of the socialization process, particularly which of parental and social group ideology , may reduce cognitively directed behavior. The tension thus produced, as for instance the stress of fear, anger, or extreme emotion, will often be the overriding influence.The evolutionary process of development from body schema through to cognitive learning is similarly manifested in the process of language acquisition. Auditing and speaking develop first, reading and writing much later on. Not only is this evident in the development of the individualhuman being from infancy on, but also in the development of language for humankind.Every normal infant has the physiological equipment necessary to produce sound, but the child must first master their use for sucking, biting, and chewing before he can control his equipment for use in producing the sounds of language. The babble and chatter of the infant are precursors to intelligible vocal communication.From the earliest times, it is clear that language and human thought have been intimately connected. Sending or receiving messages, from primitive warnings of danger to explaining creative or reflective thinking, this aspect of cognitive development is also firmly linked to the needs and aspirations of society.第51题It can be inferred from this passage that the author would support the attitude towards art appreciation that______.A.a work of art should not be analyzedB.analysis of a work of art makes for greater understanding of itC.understanding the life of the artist helps us to understand his workD.all mature people can understand art equally well第52题The statement which is neither implied nor stated in this passage is______.A.The child is concerned only with his own bodyB.The child learns to act in a way that will serve his desiresC.The infant´s attention can be distracted from an object by simply concealing itD.The infant finds it difficult to focus attention on more than one object at a time第53题It may be inferred from the passage that the effects of society on learning may be______.A.to enhance the individual´s motivation to learn as quickly as possibleB.too deter learning by reason of anxiety about possible conflict with ideologyC.to bring man´s knowledge within the scope of allD.to keep all learning at the same stage of development第54题The passage implies that______.A.speech is acquired through direct teachingB.the infant should be taught not to babbleC.infants who do not chatter will never learn to speakD.infants are born with the ability to speak but the ability to do so depends upon development of physical functions through non-verbal activities第55题It would appear from the passage that it would be useful for the parent of the newborn to______.A.give the infant what he needs before he criesB.teach the infant how to speak as quickly as possibleC.model speech sounds and encourage the infant to produce themD.refuse the infant´s demands until he makes them clear上一题下一题(56~60/共30题)Reading ComprehensionIn a reaction against a too-rigid, overrefined classical curriculum, some educational philosophers have swung sharply to an espousal of "life experience" as the sole source of learning. Using their narrow interpretation of John Dewey´s theories as a base for support, they conclude that only through "doing" can learning take place. Spouting such phrases as, "Teach the child, not the subject. " they demand, without sensing its absurdity, and end to rigorous study as a means of opening the way to learning. While not all adherents to this approach would totally eliminate a study of great books, the influence of this philosophy has been felt in the public school curricula, as evidenced by the gradual subordination of great literature.What is the purpose of literature? Why read, if life alone is to be our teacher? James Joyce states that the artist reveals the human situation by recreating life out of life; Aristotle that art presents universal truths because its form is taken from nature. Thus, consciously or otherwise, the great writer reveals the human situation most tellingly, extending our understanding of ourselves and our world.We can soar with the writer to the heights of man´s aspirations, or plummet with him to tragic despair. The works of Steinbeck, Anderson, and Salinger; the poetry of Whitman, Sandburg, and Frost; the plays of Ibsen, Miller, and O´Neil: all present starkly realistic portrayals of life´s problems. Reality? Yes! But how much wider is the understanding we gain than that attained by viewing life through the keyhole of our single existence.Can we measure the richness gained by the young reader venturing down the Mississippi with Tom and Huck, or cheering Ivanhoe as he battles the Black Knight; the deepening understanding of the mature reader of the tragic South of William Faulkner and Tennessee Williams, of the awesome determination-and frailty-of Patrick White´s Australian pioneers?This function of literature, the enlarging of our own life sphere, is of itself of major importance. Additionally, however, it has been suggested that solutions of social problems may be suggested in the study of literature. The overweening ambitions of political leaders-and their sneering contempt for the law-did not appear for the first time in the writings of Bernstein and Woodward; the problems, and the consequent actions, of the guilt-ridden did not await the appearance of the bearded psychoanalyst of the twentieth century.Federal Judge Learned Hand has written, " I venture to believe that it is as important to a judge called upon to pass on a question of constitutional law, to have at least a bowing acquaintance with Thucydides, Gibbon, and Carlyle, with Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, and Milton, with Montaigne and Rabelais, with Plato, Bacon, Hume, and Kant, as with the books which have been specifically written on the subject. For in such matters everything turns upon the spirit in which he approaches the questions before him. "But what of our dissenters? Can we overcome the disapproval of their " life experience classroom" theory of learning? We must start with the field of agreement-that education should serve to improve the individual and society. We must educate them to the understanding that the voice of human experience should stretch our human faculties, and opens us to learning. We must convince them-in their own personal language perhaps-of the " togetherness" of life and art; we must prove to them that far from being separate, literature is that part of life which illumines life.第56题According to the passage, the end goal of great literature is______.A.the recounting of dramatic and exciting stories, and the creation of charactersB.to create anew a synthesis of life that illumines the human conditionC.the teaching of morality and ethical behaviorD.to write about tragedy and despair第57题In the author´s opinion, as seen in this passage one outcome of the influence of the " life experience" adherents has been______.A.the gradual subordination of the study of great literature in the schoolsB.a narrowed interpretation of the theories of John DeweyC.a sharp swing over to "learning through doing"D.an end to rigorous study as a way of learning第58题As the author sees it, one of the most important gains from the study of great literature is______.A.enrichment of our understanding of the pastB.broadening of our approaches to social problemsC.that it gives us a bowing acquaintance with great figures of the pastD.that it provides us with vicarious experiences which provide a much broader experience than we can get from experiences of simply our own lives alone第59题The author´s purpose in this passage is to______.A.list those writers who make up the back bone of a great literature curriculumpare the young reader´s experience with literature to that of the mature readerC.advocate the adoption of the "life experience" approach to teachingD.plead for the retention of great literature as a fundamental part of the curriculum第60题The author´s reason for quoting Judge Hand is to______.A.call attention to the writing of Thucydides and CarlyleB.support the thesis of the author that literature broadens our understanding and stretches our facultiesC.point out that constitutional law is a part of the great literature of our pastD.show that everyone, including judges, enjoys reading上一题下一题(61~65/共30题)Reading ComprehensionIt has always been difficult for the philosopher or scientist to fit time into his view of the universe. Prior to Einsteinian physics, there was no truly adequate formulation of the relationship of time to the other forces in the universe, even though some empirical equations included time quantities. However, even the Einsteinian formulation is not perhaps totally adequate to the job of fitting time into the proper relationship with the other dimensions, as they are called, of space. The primary problem arises in relation to things which might be going faster than the speed of light, or have other strange properties.Examination of the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas yields the interesting speculation that if something did actually exceed the speed of light it would have its mass expressed as an imaginary number and would seem to be going backwards in time. The barrier to exceeding the speed of light is the apparent need to have an infinite quantity of mass moved at exactly thespeed of light. If this situation could be leaped over in a large quantum jump-which seems highly unlikely for masses that are large in normal circumstances-then the other side may be achievable.The idea of going backwards in time is derived from the existence of a time vector that is negative , although just what this might mean to our senses in the unlikely circumstance of our experiencing this state cannot be conjectured.There have been, in fact, some observations of particle chambers which have led some scientists to speculate that a particle called the tachyon may exist with the trans-light properties we have just discussed.The difficulties of imagining and coping with these potential implications of our mathematical models points out the importance of studying alternative methods of notation for advanced physics. Professor Zuckerkandl, in his book Sound and Symbol, hypothesizes that it might be better to express the relationships found in quantum mechanics through the use of a notation derived from musical notations. To oversimplify greatly, he argues that music has always given time a special relationship to other factors or parameters or dimensions. Therefore, it might be a more useful language in which to express the relationships in physics where time again has a special role to play, and cannot be treated as just another dimension.The point of this, or any other alternative to the current methods of describing basic physical processes, is that time does not appear-either by common experience or sophisticated scientific understanding-to be the same sort of dimension or parameter as physical dimensions, and is deserving of completely special treatment, in a system of notation designed to accomplish that goal.One approach would be to consider time to be a field effect governed by the application of energy to mass-that is to say, by the interaction of different forms of energy, if you wish to keep in mind the equivalence of mass and energy. The movement of any normal sort of mass is bound to produce a field effect that we call positive time. An imaginary mass would produce a negative time field effect. This is not at variance with Einstein´s theories, since the "faster" a given mass moves the more energy was applied to it and the greater would be the field effect. The time effects predicted by Einstein and confirmed by experience are, it seems, consonant with this concept.第61题The "sound" of Professor Zuckerkandl´s book title probably refers to ______.A.the music of the spheresB.music in the abstractC.musical notationD.the seemingly musical sounds produced by tachyons第62题The passage supports the inference that______.A.Einstein´s theory of relativity is wrongB.the Lorentz-Fitzgerald formulas contradict Einstein´s theoriesC.time travel is clearly possibleD.it is impossible to travel at precisely the speed of light第63题The tone of the passage is______.A.critical but hopefulB.hopeful but suspiciousC.suspicious but speculativeD.speculative but hopeful第64题The central idea of the passage can be best described as being which of the following?A.Anomalies in theoretical physics notation permit intriguing hypotheses and indicate the need for refined notation of the time dimension.B.New observations require the development of new theories and new methods of describing the new theories.C.Einsteinian physics can be much improved on in its treatment of tachyons.D.Zuckerkandl´s theories of tachyon formation are preferable to Einstein´s.第65题According to the author, it is too soon to______.A.call Beethoven a physicistB.adopt proposals such as Zuckerkandl´sC.plan for time travelD.study particle chambers for tachyon traces上一题下一题(66~70/共30题)Reading ComprehensionTwice as many girls as boys are being born in some Arctic villages because of high levels of man-made chemicals in the blood of pregnant women, according to scientists from the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(Amap).The scientists, who say the findings could explain the recent excess of girl babies across much of the northern hemisphere, are widening their investigation across the most acutely affected communities in Russia, Greenland and Canada to try to discover the size of the imbalance in Inuit communities of the far north.In the communities of Greenland and eastern Russia monitored so far, the ratio was found to be two girls to one boy. In one village in Greenland only girls have been born.The scientists measured the man-made chemicals in women´s blood that mimic human hormones and concluded that they were capable of triggering changes in the sex of unborn children in the first three weeks of gestation. The chemicals are carried in the mother´s bloodstream through the placenta to the foetus, switching hormones to create girl children.Lars-Otto Reierson, executive secretary for Amap, said: " We knew that the levels of man-made chemicals were accumulating in the food chain, and that seals, whales and particularly polar bears were getting a dose a million times higher than that existing in plankton, and that this could be toxic to humans who ate these higher animals. What was shocking was that they were also able to change the sex of children before birth.The sex balance of the human race-historically a slight excess of boys over girls-has recently begun to change. A paper published in the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences earlier this year said that in Japan and the US there were 250,000 boys fewer than would have been expected had the sex ratio existing in 1970 remained unchanged. The paper was unable to pin down a cause for the new excess of girls over boys.The Arctic scientists have discovered that many of the babies born in Russia are premature and the boys are far smaller than girls. Possible links between the pollutants and high infantmortality in the first year of life is also being investigated.Scientists believe a number of man-made chemicals used in electrical equipment from generators, televisions and computers that mimic human hormones are implicated. They are carried by winds and rivers to the Arctic where they accumulate in the food chain and in the bloodstreams of the largely meat-and fish-eating Inuit communities.The first results of the survey were disclosed at a symposium of religious, scientific and environmental leaders in Greenland´s capital, Nuuk, yesterday, organized by the Patriarch of the Orthodox Church, Bartholomew I, which is looking at the effects of environmental pollution on the Arctic.Dr Reierson said the accumulation of DDT, PCBs, flame-retardants and other endocrine disrupters has been known for some time and young women had been advised to avoid eating some Arctic animals to avoid excess contamination and possible damage to their unborn children. Dr Reierson said blood samples from pregnant women were subsequently matched with the sex of their baby. Women with elevated levels of PCBs in their blood above two to four micrograms per litre and upwards were checked in three northern peninsula´s in Russia´s far east-the Kola, Taimyr and Chukotka-plus the Pechora River Basin.To check the results the survey was widened and further communities, including those on Commodore Island, were investigated. The results were now in for 480 families and the ratio remained the same.He said full results for the widening of the survey would not be published until next year but preliminary results for Greenland showed the same 2:1 ratio in the north.Aqqaluk Lynge, the former chairman of the Inuit Circumpolar Conference who hails from Greenland, said: "This is a disaster, especially for some 1 ,500 people who make up the Inuit nations in the far north east of Russia." Here in the north of Greenland, in the villages near the Thule American base, only girl babies are being born to Inuit families." The problem is acute in the north and east of Greenland where people still have the traditional diet."This has become a critical question of people´s survival but few governments want to talk a-bout the problem of hormone mimickers because it means thinking about the chemicals you use. "I think they need to be tested much more stringendy before they are allowed on the market. "第66题Why are their more girls than boys born in some Arctic villages?____第67题How did man-made chemicals in women´s blood affect the sex of the unborn children?____第68题What is the case in Japan and the US had the sex ratio existing in 1970 remained unchanged?____第69题How did scientists believe that a number of man-made chemicals used in electrical equipment get to the Arctic?____第70题When is the full result for the widening of the survey expected to be published?____。
武汉大学 硕士英语试卷-带答案
English for Graduates (Paper A No. 20180110)I.Listening Comprehension (20%)Part One Directions:In this part you will hear 3 short talks. Each talk is followed by some questions. You will hear the talk and questions only once. Listen carefully and answer each question by choosing one from the four choices marked A, B, C or D. Then mark your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15%)Talk 1Questions 1-5 are based on the talk you have just heard.I. A. It will be the same size as the US economy.B.It will be almost the same size as the US economy.C.It will be twice the size of the US economy.D.It will be larger in size than the US economy。
2. A. In 2020 B. In 2025 C. In 2027 D. In 20503. A. China will be the first developing country with the world's largest economy.B.China will reverse the trend of westernization as a result of economic development and globalization.C.China will become the world's dominant country with very different civilizational rootsfrom the West.1D.Both A and C.4. A. He believes that it is general truth.B.He warns that it is a sign of hostility.C.He criticizes it as wishful thinking.D.He thinks that it is an illusion.5. A. They use western ideas and terms.B.They overestimate their cultural influence.C.They don't speak the Chinese language.D.They ignore the power of civilization.Talk 2Questions 6-10 are based on the talk you have just heard.6. A. A change of government.B.The map of deaths.C.Snow and Whitehead's continued efforts.D.Both B and C.7. A, Building the sewers in London.B.Responding immediately to the cholera outbreak in 1866.C.Providing better medical care to city dwellers.居民D.Telling everybody to start boiling their water in 1866.18. A. critical 批评的B. pessimistic 悲观的C. optimistic 乐观的 D. appreciative 赏识的9. A.People slowly realized that living in big metropolitan（大都会）cities is unsustainable as the crowdedness made outbreaks of diseases like cholera unavoidable.B.People began to realize that keeping domesticated animals and bad living habits increase the change of cholera outbreaks.C.People no longer think that it is a healthy thing to take drinking water from wells andpumps in crowded neighborhoods.D.People finally realized that sustainable living is possible in large metropolitan cities with the help of science and improved city management.10. A. New York City will be only 10% of its size.B.It has created a whole new way of life.C.New York City will collapse in on itself like Rome.D. H has spread the influence of Christianity.Talk 3Questions 11-15 are based on the talk you have just heard.11. A. My drawing will show them what God looks like.B.They will draw a picture of God.1C.I will teach them about God's look.D.Their pictures will show what God looks like.I2. A. 5 B. 4 C. 6 D. 1013.A. He was telling a lie because he was naughty.B.He was saying something in place of “frankincense”. 乳香C.He was blaming 指责Frank for his mistakeD.He was praising Frank for his performance14. A. They were born with artistic talents which were not used well.cators should realize that being wrong means being creative.C.They are frightened of making mistakes and stigmatize mistakes.D.Kids are not afraid of being wrong and are willing to try.15. A. Mistakes are the worst thing in the current national education system.B.The unpredictability of education is extraordinary.C.We are educating kids out of their creative capacity.D.It is easier to to be born an artist than to remain an artist as we grow up.Part TwoDirections:!!! this part, you will hear a talk twice and then write a summary of the talk.Your1summary should be around40 words. Please write your answer on Answer Sheet II. (5%) II. Vocabulary (25%)Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.16. Still, that_____of a robot means AlphaGo lacks the human touch required to manage employees. Counsel patients or adequately write flowing newspaper features about its own dominance over humans.A.cement 水泥B.virulent剧毒的C.implement 工具，器械D.detachment分离，分开17. Of course, the fact that Trump Was the ultimate media showman with a __________ of controversial political phrases that demand attention and response was a salient factor in his rise to power.A. rationale根据，基础理论B. revenue 收益，财政收入C. repertoire全部节目D. ritual仪式18.But as Walmart moves into the digital space dominated by Amazon, Amazon is________on the physical realm（领域）to win over more customers.A. encroaching侵占B. obliterating抹杀C. tarnishing使失去光泽D. facilitating促进，使便利19.Hong Kong returned from British to Chinese rule in 1997 under a ' one country, two1systems'' arrangement that guarantees a high degree of__________, including an independent （独立的）judiciary（司法机构）and freedom of expression.A. autonomy自治，自主权B. antecedent在先的C. variableD.orientation20.The summit（峰会，高层会议，最高级的）website has posted___________to victims（受害人）of bombings in Iraq and cyclones in the Caribbean-but nothing on what international aid（帮助）agencies describe as the worlds most urgent（紧急的）humanitarian（人道主义的）crisis（危机）.A. cassava木薯B.cognition认知C.credence凭证，信任D. condolences同情，哀悼21.Nishikori, who underwent（经历，承受）elbow（n.肘部，弯头，扶手，弯管vt.用肘推挤）surgery（外科手术）and was sidelined（v.使靠边）for almost a year in 2009, chose________instead of surgery to treat his wrist(手腕) injury.A. Rehabilitation修复，康复B.approbation 认可，赞许，批准C. distortion扭曲，变形D. depersonalization 去人性化，失性22.Asset managers have defined their mission as maximizing the market value of their clients’________, and in turn demand that firms maximize profits.A. profiles侧面，外形，轮廓B. portfolios投资组合C.paradigms范式D. perceptions观念，认识，感知23.A TV show which depicted（[dɪˈpɪkt] 描述，描绘）a bizarre（[bɪˈzɑr]奇怪的）love story1between a nine-year-old boy and an 18-year-old woman has been pulled off air followingcriticism（[ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm]批判）that it promoted child marriage and was________.A. progressive进步的B.discursive离题的，离谱的C. regressive逆行的，退化的D.impervious无动于衷的，不受影响的24. On the timeline, the industrial age has________suddenly and the digital age is blasting off（爆破，发射）in new directions.A. fallen away离开B. fraught with充满C. fallen out 消失D. taken out 取出，除去25.Illegal（非法的）crossings have ticked upward（上升）again but remain well below historic （历史的）levels.and the perception（认知，感知）of tougher（坚强的，严格的）law enforcement（执行）appears to remain a ___________to would-be immigrants.A. dehumanization 非人性化B.dispensation分发，分配C. disposal处置D. deterrent 威慑力量；制止的，遏制的26.Global warming in the 21st century is taken as the result of the typically（典型的）______ greenhouse gas concentrations（浓度）that substantively（实质上）interrupt the normal operation of nature.A. anthropogenic人为的B. ecological生态C. meteorological气象D.biological生物学的27.Top administration officials continue to claim the bill will more than pay for itselfby________a flood of economic activity that expands the tax base.1A. confounding使困惑，使惊讶，混淆B. unleashing释放C. vanquishing征服，战胜 D. harnessing v.治理；n.马具28.Rather than_____disputes between buyers and sellers, the internet companyenabled forums and message boards, as well as the ability to rate users and leave reviews.A.warranting保证B.remitting免除，赦免C. mediating调解D.participating参与29.The new museum, located along Kalella Avenue, features a largeglass and a 10,000-square-foot balcony(阳台) that bathes（沐浴）the interior（内部）with natural light.A. lime石灰B.azalea杜鹃花C.skeleton骨骼，框架D.facade外表，建筑物正面30.During his as deputy（副的）secretary（秘书）, he pushed for greater disclosure（披露）of prices associated with medical services to help foster（抚养，培养）competition（竞争者，竞赛）and contain costs.A. tenure任期，占有期B.temerity鲁莽，冒失C.tableau （人构成的画面或场景，戏剧性场面）D.torso人体躯干，未完成的作品，躯干雕塑品nd or buildings make particularly good because they tend to increase in value, and it’s hard to hide them from creditors（债权人）or banks.A.bulk体积，大块，大量B. cyclone 龙卷风C. collateral抵押物D.vector矢量，航向32.The RealReal's experiment last December in New York revealed a particular_______between on-line and off-line shopping, and a customer base ready and willing to1combine the two.A. synergy协同作用B.stereotype陈规陋习C.strategy策略D.subsidy补贴33.If the slowdown（减速）in new development is_____________of a decline in luxury sales，then the strength of apartment sales may suggest a surge in the entry-level and mid-level markets.A. boundB.relevantrmed了解情况的，见多识广的D.symptomatic症状的34.Wipe the apples clean, then chill them in an ice bath to bring the temperature downso the_______heat doesn't cook the apples.A.marginal边缘的B.empirical经验主义的C. confidential机密的D.residual剩余的，残渣35.Marble went on to say Americans enjoy multicultural（多元化）food but cautioned（警告，小心）that people also need to consider whether they are__________to any diseases because of their genetic（遗传的）makeup（补充，构造，体格）.A.Predisposed使用预先有倾向，使易于患病B. proposed（提出，被提议的，所推荐的）C. stipulated（v规定，约定;adj.合同规定的）D.divulged吐露，泄露36.What additional secrets the Russian hackers may have ________ from multiple agencies, by turning the Kaspersky software into a sort for Sensitive information, is not yet publicly1known.A.bemused困惑的B.gleaned搜集，拾得C. ameliorated改善D.infested侵扰的，为患的37.At least three of their six children have a rare neurological（神经学的，神经的）illness that manifests（清单）itself around age four, causing mental ______, loss of the use of their limbs and, later. death.A. incineration焚烧，火葬B. retardation阻滞，延迟C.Connotation内涵，含义D.alleviation缓解，缓和38. Google is resisting a legal request to disclose salary records in a gender discrimination （歧视）lawsuit（诉讼）, marking the technology company’s latest efforts to prevent _________ of how much it pays its female employees.A.ambiguity模棱两可，含糊B. variability易变性C. Scrutiny仔细审查D.allergy过敏，反感，厌恶39.To teach a computer to learn takes _________ reasoning—that is, using data from a small number of instances to generate hypotheses and theories that apply to a very large number of cases.A. inductive归纳的，敏感的，诱导的B.deductive推论的，演绎的C.conductive传导的D. iterative重复的，迭代的40.Building owners in commercial or high-density（高密度）residential（住宅的）zones also1can get city permission to convert apartment buildings for_______occupancy and rent themout for short stays.A. transparent透明的B. transient短暂的，临时的，瞬态，疏忽C. tangible n.有形资产;adj.确实的，真实的，实际的D. tertiary adj.第三的，第三期的，第三纪的；n.第三系，第三纪，第三级教士111. Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions: Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question. Passage IEvidence-based Fitness ProgramsThere is a new methodology of practicing fitness called evidence-basedfitness.”It is the conscientious,explicit and judicious (明智的) use of current ‘best”evidence in making decisions about the care of members and clients. This new paradigm in fitness is gaining traction as a result of the current trend in medicine to use evidence-based methods. Basically, the practice of evidence-based fitness means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research. In other words, take the best scientific evidence. apply it not to large groups. but to individual clients. Most fitness professionals depend on anecdotal information to establish exercise prescriptions for clients and members. Designing exercise prescriptions on antiquated formulas and the “one size fits all”ideology are fraught with error and dangerous not only for the healthy member, but especially for those ‘at risk.”With the increasing number of at-risk individuals joining fitness centers. using the evidence-basedmethod should he a no-brainer （显而易见的结论) . Everyone is different, so dispensing（分1配，施予）generalized exercise advice to millions of individuals will not produce optimal (最佳的) results.What’s driving the trend?Several factors are contributing to the use of evidence.based practice in the fitness industry. One is that hospitals are experiencing a decline in net revenue due to changes in state and federal regulations, and they are looking outside their traditional model of sick care for reimbursement(赔付) strategies. They are attempting to capitalize on what more than 15,000 fitness centers across the U.S. already know:Fitness/Wellness is a prosperous industry. According to the annual report published by the Medical Fitness Association(MFA), there arc an estimated 875 hospital_associated fitness centers currently in the United States and Canada. They have seen an average growth of 12 percent annually since 1985. MFA predictions estimate more than 1,150 centers by 2010. Obviously, hospitals use the evidence-based model for patient care. and when they become more involved in the fitness industry, they will incorporate this methodology into the operation of their fitness facilities.Why evidence-based fitness?Improved quality of member care.One benefitofevidence-based fitness includes improved quality of member and client care. With a systematic and progressive approach based on independent clinical research, an appropriate periodized prescription can be formulated, progressing the client on an individualized. safe and guided course of Improved health.The promotion of critical thinking. Evidence-based practice requires that the professional1evaluate each client individually, review the literature and find the best methods to approach fitness needs. It isno longer acceptable to use a cookie cutter(一成不变的) approach to clients’health and fitness. Through critical thinking and evaluations of the literature, the professional is able to apply up-to-date and valid interventions.Third party reimbursement.One of the driving motives of the industry to incorporate evidence-based practice is third party reimbursement. Typically , health insurance companies will not reimburse for services unless they have proof the intervention was safe and effective in improving the health of their insured(保户). This requires appropriate documentation, which will be reviewed according to evidence-based practice.Building an evidence-based fitness programInitiating an evidence-based fitness program begins with the ability to collect data(member information). This is vital for two reasons. First, collection of members’health history and demographical(人口统计学的)information will allow staff to better create the exercise experience”through comparison to the population-based scientific data, and use critical thinking to create the “perfect” exercise prescription. Second. collecting client data and storing it according to specific groups, populations, disease risks. etc., allows that database to be queried (质疑) for any number of purposes,including case studies, variable specific research and outcomes management. For those critical thinkers.this translates into gold, relative to third party payers, test and automatically upload the monitor with the appropriate values to calculate the appropriate raining zones.It is also possible to monitor up to 30 individual heart rates within a radius(半径范围) of 100 yards on a laptop.Think of the practical use in circuit training-group cycling and special population1programming.Appropriate heart rates are identified.the workout is performed and the data is stored,Ah,the science of success!Equipment.On the strength side of the equation,computerized systems exists that attach directly to new existing equipment(some is proprietary 私有的and other work with any equipment),adding an “intelligent”dimension to the workout experience.Artificial intelligence allows the system to learn the users’ programs,and coaches them individually through their workout for better form,safety and confidence.It tracks their progress for the work-out and over time.On strength and cardio(心脏) equipment,a touch screen and/or key displays the workout for the particular piece of equipment.The intuitive system coaches the client relative to speed,form,heart rate etc.,and tracks the workout session.Behind the scenes,the exercise data from each station is transmitted to a central database,providing access to a wealth of information on individual progress and a unique set of motivational tools.The system can be accessed on the workout floor,staff station or on the web.It is imperative that the professionals and the organization implement evidence-based fitness to ensure the health and prosperity of their members,and secure their success in the industry.Fortunately,technology is keeping speed with the advances in healthcare and,in may scenarios,driving them.41.According to the text,the “evidence-base fitness” _________________.A.dispenses generalized exercise advice to millions of individuals.B.takes the best scientific evidence and applies it to individuals.C.takes individual clinical expertise and applies it to1large groups of people.D.depends on anecdotal information to establish exercise prescriptions for clients.42.All the following reasons drive the trend to use “evidence-base fitness”,except that_____________.A.hospitals are experiencing a decline in net revenue.B.evidence-based methods become popular in medicineC.fitness is a prosperous industry nowD.m ore and more hospitals are merged.43.Evidence-based fitness program requires that the professional __________.e a cookie cutter approach to clients’ health and fitnessB.formulate a generalized prescription for clients.C.make and individual evaluation of each clientD.apply up-to-date interventions44.The first step to build an evidence-based fitness program is _____________.A.to have access to member informationB.to create exercise prescriptionsC.to negotiate with health insurance companiesD. to invite some fitness professional45.What helps people take farewell to the typical exercise program?A.state and federal government1B.TechnologyC.ReimbursementD.Medical Fitness Association46.Which should be given priority in selecting software?nguage of the softwarepatibility with other programsC.Innovative solutions and ease of useD.Link with other software packages47.What’s the most efficient and accurate way to physiologically test the client?A.Getting their appropriate thresholdsB.Clients’wearing a heart rate monitor during workoutsC.Conducting a metabolic restD.Automatically uploading the heart rate monitor48.Which of the following is not allowed by artificial intelligence regarding evidence-based fitness programs?A.Coaching client individually through their workoutB.Tracking the workout sessionC.Transmitting exercise data to central database1D.P lanning implementation and measuring the effectiveness of the programs.49.An appropriately established database is accessible to ________________.A.PhysiciansB.Staff in fitness centersC.ResearchersD.All of the above50.What’s the author’s attitude towards the evidence-based fitness programs?A.PositiveB.NegativeC.IndifferentD.DoubtfulPassage 2Over the past century southern black has evolved from a relatively sparse body of writings,mainly imitative of Euro-American literary forms and thematically focused on the plight of blacks in the South,to a sophisticated literary canon whose forms and meanings coalesce to give it distinct identity.The making of classifications by literary historians can be somewhat risky1enterprise.When Black poets are discussed separately as a group,for instance,the extend to which their work reflects the development of poetry in general should not be forgotten,or a distortion of literary history may result.This caution is particularly relevant in an assessment of the differences between Black poets at the turn of the century(1900-1909) and those of the generation of the 1920’s.These differences include the bolder and more forthright speech of the later generation and its technical inventiveness.When poets of the 1910’s are considered together,however,the distinctions that literary historians might make between “conservative”and “experimental”would be of little significance in a discussion of Black poets,although these remain helpful classifications for White poets of these decades.Certainly differences can be noted between “conservative”Black poets such as Counter Cullen and Claude McKay and “experimental” ones such as Jean T oomer and Langston Hughes.But Black poets were not battling over old or new styles;rather ,one accomplished Black poet was ready to welcome another,whatever his or her style,for what mattered was racial pride.Southern black poetry was basically undistinguished before the 1920s.Slave poet George Moses Horton and abolitionist Frances Ellen Watkins Harper were the most prominent,southern black voices in antebellum poetry.Some poets,such as Horton ,Adopted standard Euro-American poetic techniques and seldom wrote about racial issues.Still others,like Harper,used these standard forms primarily to concentrate on issues germane o southern black life.Post-Civil War poets Albery A. Whitman,George M.McClellan, and joseph S.Cotter,Sr.,at times wrote killfully about racial and nonracial topics in conventional poetic forms.1However, in the 1920s Black poets did debate whether they should deal with specifically racial subjects, They asked whether they should only write about Black experience for a Black audience or whether such demands were restrictive. It may be said, though, that virtually all these poets wrote their best poems when they spoke out of racial feeling, race being, as James Weldon Johnson rightly put it, "perforce the thing the Negro poet knows best”.At the turn of the century. by contrast, most Black poets generally wrote in the conventional manner of the age and expressed noble, if vague, emotions in their poetry. These poets were not unusually gifted, though Roscoe Jamison and G M. McClellen may be mentioned as exceptions They chose not to write in dialect, which, as Sterling Brown has suggested, "meant a rejection of stereotypes of Negro life. "and they refused to write only about racial subjects. This refusal had both a positive and a negative consequence. As Brown observes, "Valuably insisting that Negro poets should not be confined to issues of race, these poets committed an error. they refused to look into their hearts and write. These are important insights, but one must stress that this refusal to look within was also typical of most White poets of the United States at the time. They, too. often turned from their own experience and consequently produced not very memorable poems about vague topics, such as the peace of nature.Between 1900 and the 1970s the novel has been the most widely read and critically acclaimed genre in southern black literature. The manner in which it has concerned itself with the past distinguished it from the general black American novel, the southern white novel, and the Anglo-American novel. The southern white novel has generally dealt with the1effects of a real or an imagined past on a present generation, with characters grappling to come to terms with that past Typically, the southern black novel made the physical and psychological landscapes of the past a ing part of the novel; it recreated. repopulated, and critically examined the past as physical setting. Surprisingly, though, southern blacks produced few novels that can be strictly defined as historical novels.As the southern black novel evolved, from the 1 9th into the 20th century, its use of narrative voice blended with other features of southern black narrative prose to produce a particularly(but not exclusively) southern point of view in the black novel. For more than a century southern blacks wrote numerous prose narratives, which in their variety conformed to the autobiographical mode. There have been the fugitive-slave narratives and the ex-slave narratives; the spiritual social, political, and personal autobiographies; the confessionals, exemplary lives, the diary-type and journal-type autobiographies; as well as the autobiographical novel. At times, real-life experiences and incidents were the backdrop for fictional characters; at other times real-life characters become the nucleus around which true-to-life(fictional)experiences and incidents are presented. Southern black prose writers were so attracted to the autobiographical mode that in numerous prose narratives they drew a very thin line between fiction and fact.In another genre, southerners were among the earliest (if not the first) black short-fiction writers in America. Until well past 1900 southern black short fiction in the main was thematically bout the slave experience and its aftermath and conformed largely to changes and developments in the short story as an American art form. William Wells Brown, Frederick Douglass, Frances W. Harper, and a few other southern blacks wrote various types1of short prose fiction during the 19th Near the turn of the century Charles Waddell Chesnutt elevated southern black short fiction to the level of literary art. Many of Chesnutt's stories incorporated characteristics of the American local color movement and, regionally, several were classified as plantation literature. The tales of white southerner Thomas Nelson Page and those of Chesnutt exemplified the essential differences between black writers and white writers in approaches to the plantation South. Through characterization, theme, and incident black writers of the South repudiated the romantic image of the plantation. Chesnutt's Uncle Julius, for instance, contradicted the white portrayal of the faithful black servant, epitomized by Page's Sam and Joel Chandler Harris's Uncle Remus. The idyllic portrait of plantation life created by white writers was in stark contrast to the image Chesnutt and other blacks showed of a system infested with greed, inhumanity, deception, and cruelty.Southern black writers also embellished conventional short-fiction forms by adding features that reflected black life in the South. One such feature was the double entendre, a characteristic of narrative expression rooted especially in the secular and sacred music of the black South. A part of the trickster motif, it helped shape not only characterization but also plot structure, language, and meaning in the different forms of southern black short fiction. Chesnutt's The Conjure Woman(1899)exemplified the black writer's skillful use of double entendre.The merits of southern black literature have been widely acclaimed nationally and internationally. Ellisons Invisible Man won a National Book Award: McPherson's collection of short fiction. Elbow Room, was awarded a Pulitzer Prize, as was Alice Walker's novel The1Color Purple(1982). The numerous awards, prizes, and distinctions accorded to works by blacks of southern origin throughout this century testify to the place they hold within the larger world ofAmerican literature51. According to the passage, most turn-of-the-century Black poets generally did which of the following?A. wrote in ways that did not challenge accepted literary practice.B. described scenes from their own livesC Interpreted the frustrations of Blacks to an audience of Whites.D aroused patriotic feelings by expressing devotions to the land.52. According to the passage, an issue facing Black poets in the 1920's was whether they shouldA. seek a consensus on new techniques of poetry.B. turn away from social questions to recollect the tranquility of natureC. withdraw their support from a repressive society.D. write exclusively about and for blacks53. It can be inferred from the passage that classifying a poet as either conservative or experimental would be of "little significance"(Para. 3) when discussing Black poets of the 1910s and the 1920,s becauseA. these poets wrote in very similar styles1。
武汉大学研究生英语英汉互译全部内容
汉译英1、走社会主义道路，就是要逐步实现共同富裕。
共同富裕的构想是这样的:一部分地区有条件先发展起来，一部分地区发展慢点，先发展起来的地区带动后发展的地区，最终达到共同富裕……解决的办法之一,就是先富起来的地区多交点利税，支持贫困地区的发展。
翻译：To take the road of socialism is to realize common prosperity step by step。
Our plan is as follow：where conditions permit, some areas may develop faster than others；those that develop faster can help promote the progress of those that lag behind，until all become prosperous… One way is for the areas that become prosperous first to support the poor ones by paying more taxes or turning in more profits to the state.2、要提倡科学,靠科学才有希望。
翻译：We must promote science, for that is where our hope lies.3、现阶段中国已经实现了粮食基本自给,在未来的发展过程中,中国依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给，客观上具备诸多有利因素翻译：China has basically achieved self—sufficiency in grain at the present stage, and there are many favorable objective factors for her to maintain such achievement by her own efforts in the course of future development。
武汉大学2016年翻硕真题
武汉大学2016年翻硕真题
翻译硕士英语:
前面还是一贯40个选择题，涉及语法词汇，部分题目源自GRE试题，改错讲的是美国流行音乐，阅读整体不算太难，作文写的是关于奢侈品和服务的luxury goods and service.
英语翻译基础：
英译汉全部是缩写，有VASM VAR SARS CPC UNESCO POW FOB CAAC OTC ETC BSE ，汉译英有恋父情结，军事基地，轭式搭配，百科全书，交通拥堵。
段落翻译英译汉讲的是黄梅十字绣，英翻汉是三个小段落，属于散文描写累的，第一个描写女性，第二个说脑子炸了，眼前的场景像电视机坏了出现雪花斑点一样，第三个说的是在餐馆听到上头风云人物的八卦是一件开心事，大家都专注倾听而忘了吃饭，都希望把这些事儿带回公司讲个别人听。
汉语写作与百科知识：
选择题大部分都是课外知识，很少考到武大刘军平老师的那本百科书，25个选择题只有几个是书上的，应用文写的是申请书。
第一篇大作文给了一段材料说财经作家吴晓波在自媒体上发消息说决定征稿重译亚当斯密的国富论，并给出每一千字500的报酬，对于这个现象，有人认为这样翻译不严谨。
后面说其实，重译经典是每一个译者无法抗拒的诱惑，然后等等，最后问你怎么看待经典重译这一现象，让你写评论。
第二篇是命题作文，论个人素质和受教育程度的关系。
研究生翻译练习
（1）the Milky Way（2）the apple of my eye（3）Every dog has its day.（4）When Greek meets Greek, then comes the tug of war.（5）Spring, the sweet spring, is the year's pleasant king（6）The broker's hour is not only crowded, but minutes and seconds are hanging to all the straps and packing both front and rear platforms.（7）He wanted to learn, to know, to teach.（8） A good translation should be both faithful to the original and intelligible to the public.（9）Faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance（10）Both faithful to the SL and smooth in expression（11）The winds of November were like summer breezes to him, and his face glowed with the pleasant cold. His cheeks were flushed and his eyes glistened; his vitality was intense, shining out upon others with almost a material warmth.（12）My dear girls, I am ambitious for you, but not to have you make a dash in the world-marry rich men merely because they are rich, or have splendid houses, which are not homes because love is wanting.（13）It was morning, and the new sun sparkled gold across the ripples of gentle sea.（14）The sea was wonderfully calm and now it was rich with all the color of the setting sun. In the sky already a solitary star twinkled.（15）To appease their thirst its readers drank deeper than before, until they were seized with a kind of delirium.（16） A sentence is a group of words which, when they are written down, begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark. Most sentences contain a subject and a verb.（17）当前，国际形势正经历着自冷战结束以后最复杂、最深刻的变化。
武大新版硕士英语Unit1课后翻译
汉译英Please translate the following into English1 中国和欧洲是两大战略力量，肩负推动全球经济发展、促进人类文明进步、维护世界和平的崇高使命，双方正在形成不断放大的战略交集。
中国是最大的新兴市场国家，欧盟是最大的发达经济体，"最大"与"最大"交融,一切都有可能，"新兴"与"发达"携手，优势就会倍增，中欧在新兴和发达经济体合作中可以成为典范。
China and Europe are two major strategic forces. We both undertake the lofty mission of promoting global economy, advancing human civilization and progress and safeguarding world peace. The two sides are expanding their converging strategic interests. China is the largest emerging market and the EU the largest developed economy. Nothing is impossible when the two "largests" converge. And strength will be multiplied if the "emerging" meets the "developed". China-EU cooperation may serve as a fine example of that between the emerging and developed economies.2近40年的中欧关系，已由一棵小苗长成枝繁叶茂的大树，这棵树上挂满了累累果实。
(完整版)华中师大版《研究生英语读写译教程》上Unit1-Unit6TextA单词
华中师大版《研究生英语读写译教程》上Unit1-Unit6 Text A单词Unit 1amber n. 琥珀色,琥珀adj. 琥珀色的,琥珀的attire n. 服装, 盛装v. 穿衣, 打扮besiege vt. 围攻, 包围blotch n. (皮肤上的)红斑点, (墨水等)斑点vt. 标上斑点，弄脏bout n. 来回(一次)brew n. 酿造酒, 蕴酿v. 酿造, 蕴酿brood n. 窝v. 孵,沉思bulge n. 膨胀,优势,暴增vt. 使...膨胀vi. 膨胀,充满consternation n. 惊愕, 恐怖, 惊惶失措contemplation n. 注视,沉思,打算crave v. 渴望, 热望, 恳求cress n. 水芹, 水韭dainty n. 适口的食物adj. 优美的, 讲究的, 适口的damask adj. 缎子的，淡红色的n. 锦缎，大马士革钢，淡红色vt. 用花纹装饰darning n. 需织补之物decipher vt. 译解deft adj. 敏捷熟练的, 灵巧的faculty n.能力，才能；全体教职员；<英>（大学的）专科，系；特权，特许fastidious adj. 难取悦的, 挑剔的, 苛求的=particulargaudy adj. 俗丽的n. （英）盛大宴会（尤指大学年会）gaunt adj. 憔悴的, 荒凉的hectic adj. 兴奋的,持续发热的,发红的hosiery n. 袜类，针织品judicious adj. 头脑精明的,贤明的,判断正确的laborious adj. 艰苦的, 费劲的lavender n. 熏衣草，淡紫色vt. 用薰衣草薰香matinee n. 日场演出morbid adj. 病态的, 不正常的multitude n. 多数, 群众muse vi. 沉思，冥想vt. 沉思默想n. 沉思，（希腊神话）缪斯，指引方向的神，诗歌，percale n.[纺]高级密织棉布placard n. 招贴, 布告vt. 张贴布告poignant adj. 悲伤的,痛切的，严厉的, 尖锐的, 剧烈的，浓烈的porte-monnaie n.小皮夹,小钱包preposterous adj. 荒谬的, 可笑的profusion n. 丰多, 大量，浪费reconcile vt. 和解,调和,妥协vi. 调和retired adj. 退休的，退役的retrospection n.<正式>回顾,追忆,考虑revel vi. 狂欢作乐, 陶醉n. 作乐, 狂欢sniffle v. 鼻子哼哼做声, 抽鼻涕, 哽咽n. 鼻子哼哼做声, 冷淡的对待soothing adj. 抚慰的；使人宽心的v. 安慰；减轻痛苦（soothe的现在分词）symmetrical adj. 对称的tiara n. 冠状头饰, (罗马教皇戴的)三重冠usher n. 带位员,招待员vt. 引导, 护送vi. 做招待,担任引座员veritable adj. 真实的, 确实的, 真正的wiggle v.扭动，摆动，踌躇n.扭动，蠕动，踌躇n.奶油青豆烧鱼wizard n. 男巫, 术士, 鬼才adj. 男巫的, 巫术的abandon n. 放纵vt. 放弃,遗弃,沉溺file out vi. 陆续退出by degrees渐渐地, 逐渐地indulge in沉溺于，纵情于make out vt. 起草,说明,结论,辨别,理解vi. 进展stick to坚持Unit 2adore v. 崇拜,爱慕,喜爱celebrity n. 名人, 著名,著名人士, 名声, 名誉, 社会名流combat n. 争斗,战斗vt. 打斗vi. 战斗,与…斗争adj. 战斗的converge vi. 聚合,集中于一点vt. 使集合distinction n. 区别; 卓越; 殊荣draft n. 草稿,草图,汇票，徵兵vt. 起草,征兵,选秀adj. 酝酿中的eligible adj. 可以选的,有资格的,合格的n. 有资格者,合格者,适任者emulate vt. 效法, 尽力赶上, 仿真[计算机] 仿真endorsement n. 支持,认可,背书excel vt. 超过, 优于vi. 胜出[计算机] 软件名称ferocious adj. 残忍的, 凶猛的，极度的，十分强烈的frustrate vt. 挫败,击败,破坏adj. 无益的,挫败的,挫折的icon n. 肖像, 偶像, 象征, 图符[计算机] 图标,图符lucrative adj. 有利益的,获利的,合算的profitable adj. 有益的, 有用的mogul n. 显要人物, 权势之人n. 小雪坡opponent n. 对手, 敌手, 反对者adj. 敌对的, 反对的pitch n.场地；最高点；音高；说教vt.用沥青涂；扔，投；树起，搭起；定位于vi.抛，扔；[棒球]当投手；搭帐篷；向前跌或冲profile n.侧面，半面；外形，轮廓；[航]翼型；人物简介vt.描…的轮廓；给…画侧面图；为（某人）写传略；[机]铣出…的轮廓rekindle v. 重新点燃revere v. 尊敬, 敬畏, 崇敬里维尔(美国马萨诸塞州城市, 避暑胜地) scrutiny n. 详细审查；监视；细看；选票复查stardom n. 演员的身份,演员们statue n. 塑像,雕像status n. 地位, 身份, 情形, 状况stature n. 身材, 身高transcend v. 超越trim n. 整齐,装饰,修剪下来的部分adj. 整洁的,匀称的adv. 整齐地vt. 修除,削剪,装备,痛打,击败, 使整洁vi. 保持平衡, 见风使舵abide by v. 遵守, 服从be eligible for适合于..., 对... 合格fall apart崩溃，瓦解, 破裂, 破碎shine through(喻)表现出来starve for v.急需,渴望take over接管,接任n. 接收,接管Transform… into…把……变成……Unit 3accumulate vt. 积聚,累加,堆积vi. 累积awaken v. 唤醒, 醒来, 唤起colloquial adj. 白话的,口语的,语体的conquest n. 征服contact lens n. 隐形眼镜comic n. 连环图画,喜剧演员,喜剧元素adj. 滑稽的,有趣的,喜剧的commoner n. 平民, 自费学生, 有共用权的人corrupt adj. 腐败的,堕落的vt. 使...恶化,贿赂,使...腐烂vi. 腐烂,堕落defiant adj. 挑衅的, 目中无人diminish vt. 减少,变小, 减损vi. 变少, 逐渐变细dominant adj. 占优势的，主导的，显性的n. 主宰者egghead n. 知识分子，理论家enlargement n. 扩大, 扩建，放大的照片erroneous adj. 错误的, 不正确的expansion n. 扩大,膨胀,扩充exuberance n. 茂盛, 充沛, 丰富Germanic adj. 德国的, 条顿民族的, 条顿语的n. 日耳曼语inclined adj. 倾向于...的infinitive n. 不定式adj. 不定式的ingratiate vt. 逢迎, 讨好inhabitant n. 居民institute n. 学会,学院,协会vt. 创立,开始,制定layman n. 俗人(对僧侣而言), 门外汉microfilm n. 缩影胶片mobility n. 可动性, 变动性, 情感不定Norman n.法国诺曼第人adj.诺曼第的,诺曼第人[语]的Norseman n. 古代挪威人, 古代斯堪地那维亚人parking meter汽车停放计时器, 汽车停放收费器raid n. 袭击；突袭；搜捕；抢劫vi. 对…进行突然袭击vt. 袭击，突袭n. (Raid)人名；(阿拉伯)拉伊德riot v.&n. 骚乱,闹事vi. 闹事,骚乱smog n. 烟雾stabilization n.稳定性sturdy adj. 强健的, 健全的surly adj. 不和蔼的, 板著面孔的, 粗声暴气的uneven adj. 不平坦的, 不均匀的, 奇数的variant n. 变体adj. 不同的villain n. 坏人, 恶棍be bound to conj. 必然(不得不,束缚于,必须)reduce to降至，把...简化为Unit 4 abductor n. 诱拐者, [解]外展肌allegation n. 断言,主张,辩解,暗指amnesia n. 健忘症，记忆缺失auditorium n. 礼堂，观众席bashful adj. 害羞的celibacy n. 独身(主义)，禁欲charlatan n. 冒充内行者，骗子cynical adj. 愤世嫉俗的,吹毛求疵的demolish v. 毁, 破坏, 粉碎deplorable adj. 可叹的, 悲惨的, 凄惨的dictator n. 独裁者dispatch n. 派遣；急件vt. 派遣；分派distill v. 蒸馏, 滴下，吸取，提炼edifice n. 大厦, 大建筑物exalt v. 赞扬, 提升，加强fable n. 寓言fiduciary adj. 受托的, 信托的gullible adj. 易受骗的，轻信的halo n. (日月等)晕, 神像之光环harrowing adj. 悲痛的, 难受的动词harrow的现在分词形式homoerotic adj.同性恋(爱)的infidelity n. 不信神, 无信仰, 背信intractable adj. 不听话的, 倔强的, 棘手的irreparable adj. 不能修补的, 不能挽回的laureate n. 桂冠诗人，得奖人adj. 杰出的，带桂冠的vt. 戴桂冠，授予荣誉，授予桂冠诗人的称号mafia n. 黑手党, 秘密政党marital adj. 婚姻的monochromatic adj. 单色的,一色的namaste n.(印度)合十礼pedestal n. 基架, 底座, 受人尊敬的地位vt. 加座, 搁在台上plagiarize vt. 抄袭(剽窃,借用)presumably adv. 推测上,假定上,大概rack n. (行李)架,拷问台,齿轨vt. 折磨,使痛苦,拷问vi. 顶风飞行recrimination n. 反控告, 反责discrimination n. 歧视, 辨别力, 识别secular n. 牧师,凡人adj. 世俗的,现世的,不朽的shatter n. 碎片,乱七八糟的状态vt. 打碎,破掉,散开vi. 打破,脱落skeptical adj. 怀疑的smarmy adj. 令人厌烦的, 爱说奉承话的sooth adj. 真实的柔软的,甜蜜的;抚慰的stumble n. 绊倒,失策vi. 绊倒,失策,踌躇,无意中发现vt. 绊倒,困惑swashbuckling adj. 恃强凌弱的，虚张声势的动词swashbuckle的现在分词形式warp n. 弯,歪曲,乖僻vt. 弄歪,翘曲akin to vt. 类似(近于, 的同族)go astray迷路，误入歧途seize upon抓住,利用subscribe to订阅, 同意, 支持, 捐赠Unit 5advertising n. 广告业,广告adj. 广告的ambiguity n. 不明确,含糊,暧昧,模棱两可approximately adv.近似地,大约ascribe v. 归因于, 归咎于billboard n. 布告板,揭示栏,广告牌brash adj. 性急的, 仓促的, 无礼的n. 胃灼热, 骤雨, 碎片coincide v. 与...一致,符合,暗合commercial adj. 商业的n. 商业广告contingent adj. 或许会或不会发生的,附随的,暂时的n. 偶然的事情,份儿,分遣队disrupt adj. 分裂的,分散的v. 使...分裂,使...瓦解document n. 文件,公文vt. 记载,用文件等证明[计算机] 文档elevated adj. 抬高的，高尚的，升高的动词elevate的过去式和过去分词ethos n. 民族精神，道德风貌，思潮信仰feature n. 特征, 容貌vt. 以...为特色vi. 起重要作用gradient n. 倾斜度,坡度,升降率adj. 倾斜的,步行的,步行态的identical adj. 相同的,同一的intimidate vt. 威胁,恐吓,胁迫savvy v.知道，了解n.机智；头脑；理解；悟性adj.有见识的，懂实际知识的，通情达理的mill n. 磨粉机, 磨坊, 制造厂, 密尔:一种货币单位, 使陷于困境vt. 磨细vi. 乱转, 磨细overt adj. 公开的, 明显的, 公然的pedestrian adj. 徒步的,缺乏想像的n. 行人prominent adj. 杰出的,显著的,突出的pun n. 双关语vt. 说双关语respondent n.回答者；[法]（特指离婚诉讼的）被告；[生]反应，反射adj.应答的；有反应的；[法]被告的critique n. 批评,批评法,评论effacement n.抹消,抹杀self-effacement n. 不出风头, 谦逊status quo n. 现状strand n.（绳子的）股，绞；海滨，河岸；（思想等的）一个组成部分vt.使滞留，使搁浅；使陷于困境vi.搁浅；陷入困境surpass vt. 超越,凌驾,胜过sway n. 摇摆,动摇,影响力,支配vt. 使摇摆,使动摇,影响或控制vi. 摇摆,支配,动摇swoosh v. 发出嗖的一声，喷涌，旋动n. 嗖的一声synonymous adj. 同义的tactics n.战术,策略thought-provoking adj. 令人深思的, 发人深省的via prep. 经由account for对……负有责任；对……做出解释；说明……的原因；导致；（比例）占coincide with符合，与... 一致cutting edge尖端，前沿(刀片的)刃口，剪刃，切削刃drift n. 漂移,漂流物,观望,漂流,吹积物,趋势vi. 漂移,漂流,吹积vt. 使漂流,把...吹积in the case of adj. 万一(就...来说,至于)mount on登上play down降低，贬低, 减弱，淡化reflect on考虑，反思Unit 6 adversary n. 敌手, 对手alliance n. 结盟,联盟,联姻Alliance [地理名词] ally n. 盟友,同盟国vt. &vi. 联盟,联合，同盟anew adv. 重新, 再assembly n. 集合, 集会, 装配asunder adj. 分开地,零散地adv. 分离,化为碎片beachhead n.滩头阵地,立足点bear n. 熊v. 忍受,负荷v. 结果实,生子女belabor vt. 痛击，痛斥，冗长地解释bond n. 债券；结合；约定；粘合剂vi. 结合，团结在一起vt. 使结合；以…作保civility n. 礼貌, 端庄commit v. 委托(托付), 犯罪, 作...事, 承诺[计算机] 委托convert v. 使转变, 使...改变信仰, 倒置n. 皈依者, 改宗者conscience n. 良心, 责任心, 顾忌embattled adj. 被敌人围困的，严阵以待的动词embattle的过去式和过去分词形式endeavor n. 努力, 尽力, 进取心vt. 努力,尽力vi. 企图, 谋求engulf v. 吞没eradicate v. 根除, 扑减, 根绝foe n. 敌人,仇敌,反对物,有害物forebear n. 祖先, 祖宗=forbearforge n. 熔炉, 铁工厂vt. 锻造, 想出, 伪造, 构建vi. 稳步(高速)前进, 制假formulate vt. 规划；用公式表示；明确地表达forum n. 论坛, 讨论会heir n. 继承人hemisphere n. 半球heritage n. 遗产, 继承物humanity n. 人类人性;人道;慈爱inaugural adj. 就职典礼的,创始的n. 就职演说,就职典礼invective n. 恶言漫骂,臭骂adj. 漫骂的,非难的,恶言的invoke vt. 求助,用咒语召唤,请求,应用,引起[计算机] 调用misery n. 痛苦,悲惨的境遇,苦难oath n. 誓言,誓约,咒骂语odds n. 让步,机率,可能性,比率,胜败优劣之别outpace vt. 超过... 速度, 赶过pledge n. 保证,誓言,抵押,抵押品vt. 保证,誓言,举杯祝...健康prey n. 被掠食者,牺牲者vi. 捕食,掠夺,使...苦恼renewal n. 更新, 革新, 复兴, 复活shield n. 盾,防卫物,盾状物vt. 保护,遮蔽shrink n. 收缩,萎缩vi. 收缩,退缩,萎缩vt. 使收缩signify v. 象徵, 预示sincerity n. 诚实, 真实, 诚心诚意split n. 劈开, 裂片, 裂口adj. 分散的v. 分离, 分开, 劈开sovereign n. 元首,金镑adj. 具有主权的,至高无上的,极好的,完全的stay n. 停留,停止;依靠,忍耐力;撑条vt. 等待,坚持到底vi. 保持,停留,留宿subversion n. 颠覆, 破坏summon vt. 召唤,召集,振奋swear n. 发誓, 誓言vt. &vi. 发誓, 宣誓, 咒骂temper n. 脾气；（钢等）回火；性情；倾向vt. 使回火；锻炼；调和；使缓和vi. 回火；调和testimony n. 证言,证据tribulation n. 苦难, 灾难twilight n. 黄昏,微光,略知v. 使微明tyranny n. 暴政，苛政，专制undo v. 解开，松开，取消unleash v. 解开...的皮带, 解除...的束缚, 解放writ n. 令状,文书,文件a host of大量，许多, 一大群ask of要求，期望at issue在争论(在争论中)at odds争吵，不和, 不一致commit to把... 托付给, 把... 置于end up结束,告终year in and yearout一年一年地, 年复一年。
武汉大学研究生英语教材全文翻译
Final Version of TranslationUnit two1．为什么我们与来自其它文化的人们的交流总是充满了误会、让人感到沮丧呢？令很多人奇怪的是，即使怀着良好的愿望、使用自己认为是友好的方式，甚至有互利的可能性，也似乎都不足以保证交流的成功。
有时候，出现排斥现象正是因为一方所属的文化群体团体是“不同”的。
在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。
2．相似性的假设为什么误解或反对会产生呢？这个问题的一个回答就是，大部分的人天真地认为世界上的人有足够的相似之处，可以让我们成功地交流信息或感受，解决共同关注的一些问题，加强商业关系，或者只是产生我们所希望产生的印象。
所有的人都会生儿育女，组成家庭或社会，发展一种语言以及适应他们周围环境的这种倾向特别具有欺骗性，因为它带来了一种期望，这种期望就是这些行为的形式以及围绕这些行动的态度与价值观念将是相似的。
相信“人就是人”和“我们内在本质是相似的，”这让人感到心安理得，但是下定决心去寻找证据却只会令人失望。
3．力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望，研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的形状，即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而紧缩的肌肉组合,我们人类各成员都是一样的。
但是这似乎无济于事，只要我们意识到一个人生长的文化决定了这种情感是否会表露或压抑,决定了在何种场合和多大的程度上会表露或压抑。
带来这种情绪感受的情形也因文化而异，例如：由于崇拜的文化信仰不同，一个心爱的人死亡可能带来欢乐、悲哀或其他情感。
4．因为似乎没有普遍的人性可以作为自动理解的基础，所以我们必须把每交往当作个别案例来处理，寻求任何共同的认知和交流方法并以此作为出发点。
如果我们认识到我们受文化的约束，受文化的改变，那么我们就会受这一现实：因为各自不同，我们确实不太清楚其他人“是”什么样的。
各年级大学生和研究生英的英语说法
各年级大学生和研究生英的英语说法很多大学毕业了，也不知道大一、大学生英语怎么说？今天来学习各年级大学生和研究生英语怎么说？大学生=college student / university student；Police have identified the hacker as a college student .警方已经确认这名黑客是一个大学生。
When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 , Deripaska was a 23 -year-old university student .1991年苏联解体时，德里帕斯卡还是一名23岁的大学生。
本科 undergraduateThis is generally true of American schools , especially at the undergraduate level .这对美国的学校来说，都是这样，尤其是本科级的。
大一=freshmanThis is my first year of college . I'm a freshman .这是我刚入学院的第一年，我是新生。
大二=sophomoreThe college sophomore says it wasn't a bomb . It was art .这名大学二年级学生声称那不是炸弹，而是艺术（作品）。
大三=juniorThis is the third year of his staying in this school , so now he is a junior .今年是他在校的第三年，现在他是大三的学生。
大四=seniorEvery senior student has to pass the practical training course before graduation .每位大四学生毕业前都要通过实习课程。
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• 1.同时，我们的对外开放采取了多种形式，包括搞经济特区，开放十四个沿海城市。
•In the meantime, we have implemented the policy of opening China to the outside world in many ways, including setting up special economic zones and opening 14 costal cities.• 2.会谈中，双方集中讨论了保护知识产权的问题。
•During the talks, their discussion has been centered around protection of intellectual property rights.• 3.孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。
•Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.• 4.期待大学毕业生即使在竞争激烈的时代中也要活得正直，彬彬有礼，富有爱心是否要求过高了？•Is it too much to expect that, even in this hard-edged, competitive age, a college graduate will live with integrity, civility—even compassion?• 5. 在任何情况下，中国绝不首先使用核武器。
•Under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.• 6. 没有知识分子，我们的事情就不能做好，所以我们要好好团结、依靠他们，使他们富起来。
•Without intellectuals, our work cannot be done well, and we should therefore do a good job of uniting with them, relying on them and making them rich. •7.在我们这个时代，任何人想要在社会上起到所希望的作用，必须接受必要的教育。
随着科学的进步，在中小学开设了越来越多的课程。
与过去相比，现代教育更重视实用性。
•In our times, anyone who wants to play an important role in a society as he wishes must receive necessary education. With the development of science, more courses are offered in primary schools and middle schools. Compared with the education in the past, modern education places its stress on practicality.•8.中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
•China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.•9. 要充分重视自然科学理论研究，包括现代数学、高能物理、分子生物学等基础学科的理论研究，忽视这一点就不能掌握和运用世界上先进的科学技术成果，不能很好地解决我们在建设中的遇到的重大问题。
•Full attention must be paid to theoretical research in the natural science, including such basic subjects as modern mathematics, high energy physics and molecular biology. Negligence in this respect will make it impossible for us to master and apply the results of advanced world science and technology and properly solve important problems we’ll encounter in our construction. •10. 我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。
中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻名世界的。
•I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are just famous throughout the world.•11.他的解释不能让人满意。
•12. 由于几乎没有业务能力强的人手，因此公司决定招收一些有能力的人。
•11. His explanation is far from satisfactory.•12. There are few professional hands, and the company decided to enroll competent individuals.•13. 环境科学家们说，如果要使地球继续供养人类生存，保护野生动物是极为重要的。
这些专家说，我们必须明白在我们这个环境供养系统中我们自己与野生动植物之间的重要联系。
他们指出，没有人有把握知道这些动植物种的哪一种将来可能对我们有用。
•Environmentalists say that the protection of wild animals is of vital importance if the earth is to supply the human beings. These experts say that we must understand the fundamental relation between ourselves and wild animals and plants in our environmental supplying system. They point out that no one is sure to know which kind of animals and plants is likely to be useful to us in the future.•14. 推进素质教育关键在教师。
因此，明确自己肩负的使命，学习素质教育理论，研究素质教育特点，使自己的教育思想和方法尽快由“应试”教育转到素质教育上来，以促进素质教育深入发展，就成为广大中小学教师亟待解决的一个重要课题。
•Promoting quality education relies on teachers. Therefore, the great number of middle school and primary school teachers are offered a series of urgent task;to understand their mission, to learn educational theories, to study the characteristics of quality education, and to adjust their educational thoughts and methods in order to put due emphasis on quality education rather than “test-oriented”education, so as to stimulate the development of quality education.•15. 有一项调查发现，不吸烟的妇女，如果在吸烟的家庭环境中生活40年或更长的时间，那么就有加倍患肺癌的危险。
•An investigation indicates that non-smoking women living in a smoking family environment for 40 years or still longer will have double risk of developing lung cancer.•16. 现在失业下岗人数有增无减，这使得我们意识到掌握一些实用技术是十分重要，也是十分必要的。
•There has been increasing number of unemployed people recently, which makes us realize that it is very important and necessary to master some practical skills.•17. 当期最重要的任务是发展国民经济、提高国民生活水平。
为了实现这个目标，我们必须改革旧的经济体制，以便进一步解放生产力。
我们应当向世界敞开大门，以便学习其他国家先进的科学和技术。
只要我们坚持改革开放政策，就一定能把我国建成强大的社会主义国家。
•Presently the most important task is to develop our national economy andimprove the people’s living standard. In order to achieve this goal, we must reform the old economic system so as to liberate the productive forces. We should open our doors to the world so as to learn the advanced science and technology from other countries. We’ll certainly be able to build our country into a powerful socialist country as long as we carry out the policy of reform and opening up.•18. 如果静思太久，觉得孤独了，不妨翻开你可爱的书，书会使你轻松让你充实。