范例:科技英语中动名词的应用和翻译
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科技英语中动名词的应用和翻译
070520209 朱博
摘要
随着科技的进步和中国与世界的交流日趋密切,科技英语的翻译也显得越发重要。科技英语在词法和句法等的运用上和普通英语不同,词法上主要表现在名词化结构的大量使用。科技文章的任务是叙述事实和论证推断,因而科技文体要求行文简洁,表达客观,内容确切,信息量大,名词化结构正好符合科技文体的要求。这其中,动名词的应用尤为突出,本文旨在总结归纳科技英语中动名词的应用和翻译技巧。
关键词
科技英语动名词翻译
Abstract
As the development of the science and technology and China communicates with the world more closely, the translation of EST is becoming more and more important. EST differs from common English in accidence and syntax. In accidence, it mainly shows in the phenomenon of nominalization. It is EST’s target to expound and demonstrate, so it necessary for an EST article to be brief, object, exact and abundant. Nominalization exactly has this function. Among these, gerunds used a lot, this article is to summarize the use and technique of translation of gerund in EST.
Keyword
Science and technology English gerund translation
动名词是动词的非限定形式之一,在科技英语中有大量的应用。它既有名词的特点,可以在句子中起名词的作用,又具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,由此构成动名词短语。下面就动名词在科技英语中的不同用法分别分析其结构和探讨翻译技巧。
一作主语
动名词作主语时,其动词的动态感已经很弱,可以直接译成汉语名词或名词性词组,有时候也可以译成动宾短语和其他一些情况。
例:A thorough understanding of algebra is essential to the comprehension of any of the field of elementary mathematics. (unit 4 “Mathematics”)
译文1:对代数学透彻的理解,对于理解初等数学的各个方面来说很重要。
当然,此句中的动名词也可以翻译成动词。
译文2:是否透彻地理解代数,对理解初等数学的每个内容十分必要。
直接译成名词性词组的情况:
例:The breaking up of atoms now provides a practical source of energy.
译文:如今原子裂变提供了一种可行的能量的来源。(unit 5“Physics”)
译成动宾短语的情况:
例:Reversing the direction of this kind of devices requires solving many complicated engineering problems. (unit 4 例12)
译文:倒转电流的方向也就倒转了它的磁力线的方向
二作表语
动名词(短语)在科技英语中作表语的情况大量出现,翻译成中文时有直接翻译成表语,动词(短语)等情况。
例:The computer’s input device (which might be a keyboard, a tape drive or disk drive, depending on the medium used in inputting information) reads the information into the computer. (unit 1 例1)
译文:计算机的输入装置(依据输入信息时使用的媒体,可能是键盘,磁带机或磁盘驱动器)把信息读入到计算机内。
例:Such activities as investigating the strength and uses of materials, extending the findings of materials, extending the finding of pure mathematics to improve the sampling procedures used in agriculture or the social sciences, and developing the potentialities of atomic energy, and all examples of the work of the applied scientist or technologist.(unit 1“Pure and Applied Science”)译文:有些活动,像研究材料的强度和用处,把理论数学上的发现,扩大到改善农业或社会科学上应用的选样程序中去;还有像开发原子能的潜力等等,都是应用科学家和技术人员从事这方面工作的例证。
三作宾语
动名词作宾语的情况也比比皆是。
像suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’t help,mind,admit,enjoy,leave off,require,postpone,put off,delay,practise,advise,consider,deny,escape,miss等动词后面都可以用动名词作宾语(不能用不定式)
同样用上面一例做说明:
例:Reversing the direction of this kind of devices requires solving many complicated engineering problems. (unit4例12)
译文:倒转电流的方向也就倒转了它的磁力线的方向。
例:Moreover, even an elementary knowledge of this branch of mathematics is sufficient to enable the journalist to avoid misleading his readers, or the ordinary citizen to detect the attempts which are constantly made to deceive him..
译文:此外,对于新闻记者来说,只要稍有一点初步的统计学知识,就可以避免因报道失实而贻误读者。而对于普通老百姓来说,则可以利用这方面的知识,来识破往往使之上当的不良意图。
在love,like,hate,prefer,dislike,begin,start,continue,intend,attempt,can’t bear,propse,want,need,remember,forget,regret,try,deserve,can’t affort 等动词后,既可以用动名词,又可以用不定式做宾语。这里就不赘述了。