第八讲 增词省词法及长句的译法

第八讲增词省词法及长句的译法

由于英汉两种语言在语法、词义、修辞、逻辑和文化等方面存在着某些差异，在英译汉时有时无法将原文中的每一个词都转换成汉语中的对等词，因而就有必要做些增减，使译文更加通顺流畅，符合汉语的行文习惯。但无论增词法还是减词法，增减的是词，而不是意。例1．Using nuclear power to make electricity was new.

例2．If winter comes, can spring be far away?

例3．Some people don’t like soft drinks.

一．增词法：又称增译法，是根据结构、语义、修辞的需要在译文中增加一些原文中虽无其词但有其意的词，以确保译文全面准确地表达原文的意思，使译文在语法和语言形式上符合汉语习惯。

1．结构性增词

例：

A．You needn’t stay, but Bill must.

B．He likes，and I hate, smoking.

C．Take this prescription to your local pharmacy.

D．The problem is both psychological and physiological.

2. 语义性增词

例：

1．She has been talking in French for two hours without any mistakes. 2．From the contemptuous and rough treatment he received from his

jailers, he was sure that he would be executed the next day.

3．I’m good at knitting.

4．Each day they asked the doctor for a delay, praying that their son’s legs would somehow heal and he would become well again. 5．What a leader he was!

6． A stream was winding its way through the valley into the river. 7．The first electronic computers came into use in 1958. 8．Inflation was and still is the No. 1 problem for the country.

3. 修饰性增词：修饰性增词大都是出于汉语行文上的考虑，为进一步增强汉语的语言表达效果所增加的不改变原文意思的语气词、强调性副词、修辞上所要的重叠词汇。

例:

1.Don’t take it seriously. It’s only a joke.

2.As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.

3.White clouds float over the blue sky.

4.Her room is always kept clean and tidy though she is busy all day. 二．减词法: 又称减译法，是将原文需要而在译文中显得多余的词省去，使译文更加精炼，符合汉语习惯。英语中有些词是因为语法上需要而存在的，如冠词、代词、介词和连词。汉语中这几种词用的较少，所以往往可以省略不译。

例：

1．A fast railroad train, traveling 96 kilometers an hour, takes more than 48 hours to cross the country.

2. Man is different from other animals.

3. Most substances expand when heated and contract when cooled.

4. He isn’t here because he is ill.

5. You cannot build a ship, a bridge or a house if you don’t know how to make a design or how to read it.

6. In winter, it is much colder in the North than it is in the South.

练习题：Shortly after I arrived back at my office from my visit with you, I was told by our Administrative Vice-President that I was being promoted to the position of manager of computer services. It is an excellent opportunity (which came as a complete surprise) and one that I feel I cannot pass up. Therefore, I must decline your generous offer.

三．长句的翻译：翻译长句时，首先要克服畏惧心理，其次要认真分析句子结构和逻辑关系，然后根据汉语的表达习惯，着笔翻译。这样可以避免译文的意思支离破碎，逻辑不清，使读者不知所云在翻译长句时，不必拘泥于原文的形式。

分析和理解长句是十分必要的。现将句子按照意群“分解”，找出主干部分，然后理清各个部分之间的关系，力求全面彻底地梳理清