英语翻译长句的译法

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【推荐】英语长句翻译的五种方法word版本 (4页)

【推荐】英语长句翻译的五种方法word版本 (4页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理,本司不为其真实性负责,如有异议或侵权请及时联系,本司将立即删除!== 本文为word格式,下载后可方便编辑和修改! ==英语长句翻译的五种方法一、英语长句翻译所涉及的基本问题科技英语具有逻辑性强、结构严密、表达明确等特点。

这些特点决定了科技英语的一个显著特征是含有大量长句。

英语长句后置修饰语多,并列成份多,句法结构复杂,层次重叠。

因此,进行长句翻译时,要注意英译汉语序上的差异和英汉表达方式的差异。

二、长句翻译的基本方法英语长句汉译时主要采用下列五种方法:顺译法、倒译法、内嵌法、分译法、拆离重组法。

(一)顺译法顺译法是指在英译汉过程中,按原文行文的先后顺序或按内容的逻辑顺序,依次译出的翻译方法。

It is important to remember that the composition of a given grade of steel can be subject to variations within the range of its specification,and such variations in composition,impurity elements and also grainsize caused in hot-working process will result in differences in both response to heat treatment and variations in mechanical properties.重要的是要记住,给定牌号钢的化学成份在其规定范围内可能发生一些变化,这样一些在热加工过程中引起的存在于成份、杂质元素、还有品粒大小上的变化,将使热处理工艺和力学性能产生一些差异。

原句由一个主句、两个宾语从句组成。

由于原句的表达与汉语的表达是基本一致的,因此整个句子的翻译按照原句的语序顺译即可。

The civil engineer must be able to select and utilize effectively the products provided by the other branches of the profession developing consumer goods,such as the materials of construction and industry,including steel,timber,concrete and many other materials;and engaging the modern application and use of steam,electric andgas power engines and machines.土建工程师一定要能够有效地选择和利用本行业和其他部门提供的产品。

英语长句的翻译技巧

英语长句的翻译技巧

英语长句的翻译技巧英语长句是很复杂的句子,很多人觉得在翻译长句时很是吃力。

那么英语长句有哪些翻译方法媕娿?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语长句的翻译技,希望大家喜欢!英语长句的翻译技巧1.顺译法顺译法是指在处理一些叙述层次依次相连,跟汉语相近的长句时,按原句的自然顺序进行翻译,并根据具体情况,适当增加或省略有关的连接词。

例如:例一:Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation.听众的眼神可以表明,演说过于拖沓,演说者在某一点上讲的太多,或者在某一点上还需要作进一步的解释。

例二:But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology.但是艺术历史注意的不仅仅是这些,因为艺术反映的不单是一个民族的政治价值观,而且还有他们的宗教信仰、情感和心理特点。

PART2.倒译法有时英语长句的结构层次与汉语相反,要从英语原文的后面译起,自下而上,颠倒次序进行翻译。

一般来说,英语长句不符合汉语习惯的情况比较多,所以在翻译实践中,倒译通常要多于顺译。

例一:It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to supply world economy which would have grown by 500 percent .如果世界经济真的以5倍于现有的速度增长,那么原材料的储备是否能充分满足其需求,尚不得而知。

英语长句的翻译方法

英语长句的翻译方法

长句的翻译方法1.顺序翻译法(1)The problem is that the last generation or so we’recome to assume that womenshould be able, and should want, to do everything that bytradition men have done at thesame time as prettywelleverything that by traditionwomen have done.问题是,在过去二十年时间里,我们已经认定,妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切,而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。

(2)Exercise*Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels werestereotypes of lacking anyfeatures that made them uniqueindividual and were alsosubject to numerousrestrictions imposed by themali-dominated culture.2. 逆序翻译法(1)It therefore becomes more and more important that, ifstudents are not to wastetheir opportuniti es,therewill have to be muchdetailed information aboutcourses and advice.因此,如果要使学生充分利用(上大学)的机会,就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息,作更多的指导。

这个问题显得越来越重要了。

(2)Exercises*It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reason why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures andpatterns of the language have been understood.*A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor because the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the beat generation, a real phenomenon in the later fifties.*Such a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willingto sacrifice higher pay for the privilege ofbecoming white collar workers.*Clear-cut guidelines and politics have been worked out and expressed in accurate language concerning the economy, politics, science and technology, education, culture and military and foreign affairs.3. 分译法翻译英语句子时,有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可,但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。

长句的翻译

长句的翻译

长句的翻译一、原序翻译1.请你方考虑,今后货物一经订妥,就不可撤销,我们认为,这样才有助于更好地合作。

We should like to have your consideration that, in the future, orders once placed are not to be cancelled afterwards, which we think will be conducive to better cooperation.2.上海针织公司由37个企业组成,生产规模大,且拥有众多的名牌产品,如“菊花牌”、“鹅牌”和“三枪牌”,公司每年的销售额高达13亿人民币。

Shanghai Knitting Corporation is made up of 37 enterprises and enjoys a broad production scale; with several well –known local brands such as “Chrysanthemum ”, “Swan” and “Three Guns”, it has annual sales volume of about 1.3 billion RMB.二、分译1)汉语长句中若有反问句、反诘句或感叹句,英译时往往要分译。

1.盛夏炎热,一走进浙江莫干山的林间小道就汗止心凉,加上轻风拂煦,浑身有说不出的舒坦,忍不住要赞叹一声:莫干山,好一个清凉世界!No matter how hot it is “outside”, once you step onto the trail through the forest on Mogan Mountain in Zhejiang Province, the sweat withdraws from your body. In addition, the breeze refreshes you with a gentle caress. How cool it is!2.延安虽然还没有战争,但军队天天在前方打仗,后方也唤工作忙,文章太长,有谁来看呢?Although there is as yet no fighting here in Yen’an, our troops are daily engaged in battle, and the people in the rear are busy at work. If articles are too long, who will read them?2)汉语长句中若有比方句,英译时往往要分译。

汉译英长句的翻译方法

汉译英长句的翻译方法

汉译英长句的翻译方法将汉语长句翻译成英语时,可以采用以下几种方法:1.分割句子:将长句分割成较短的句子,每个句子表达一个完整的思想,并在英语翻译中使用适当的连接词或标点符号来连接这些句子。

例句:我昨天去了图书馆,借了一本关于历史的书,然后在图书馆里看了两个小时。

英文翻译:I went to the library yesterday and borrowed a book about history. Then, I spent two hours reading it in the library.2. 使用从句:将长句中的一部分转换为从句,并在英语翻译中使用适当的连接词(如that, which, who, when, where等)引导从句。

例句:她告诉我她去年参加了一个很有意思的会议,这个会议是在纽约市举行的。

英文翻译:She told me that she attended an interesting conference last year, which was held in New York City.3. 使用定语从句:将长句中作为修饰的部分转换为定语从句,并在英语翻译中使用适当的关系代词(如that, which, who, whom等)引导定语从句。

例句:我喜欢那个戴眼镜的男孩,他总是很友好。

英文翻译:I like the boy who wears glasses; he is always friendly.4.利用省略:可以在英语翻译中省略一些不重要或重复的信息,使句子更清晰和简洁。

例句:我昨天和朋友一起去了看电影,然后吃了晚饭。

英文翻译:I went to watch a movie with my friends yesterday and had dinner afterwards.以上是一些常用的翻译方法,根据具体语境和句子结构的复杂程度,可以选择适合的方法进行翻译。

英语长句的翻译方法

英语长句的翻译方法

长句的翻译方法1.顺序翻译法(1)The problem is that the last gerention or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, andshould want, to do everything that by traditionmen have done at the same time as prettywelleverything that by tradition women have done.问题是,在过去二十年时间里,我们已经认定,妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切,而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。

2. 逆序翻译法(1)It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waster their opportunities,there will have to be much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此,如果要使学生充分利用(上大学)的机会,就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息,作更多的指导。

这个问题显得越来越重要了。

3. 分译法翻译英语句子时,有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可,但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。

把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子,这叫分译法。

使用分译法,可以把原句中的一个词,一个短语或一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。

一、把原文中单词译成句子(一)副词1.They tried vainly to blame us for the breakdown in the truce talk.他们试图把和谈的罪名加在我们头上,但没得逞。

长句的翻译

长句的翻译

译文: 由于人民生活水平的不断提高以及计划生育, 中国的家庭结构发生着缓慢却又具有实质性的变化, 必须根据这一历史背景考虑人到老年的问题。
分析:这是一个因果句,against 引导一个原因状语从 句。按照汉语先说原因后说结果,先叙述事实后表明 见解的习惯,翻译时需倒译。
【4】Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often wiling to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
down and sending out wireless messages, the lieutenant(中尉) confusedly studying the map to
make out what the messages meant and appealing for aid now and then to the sergeant(中士) .
译文: 这个年轻人走了很远的路之后碰上了一个愚蠢的人,这个 人把一条裤子系在两棵树之间,正在尽全身力气向上跳,想在落 下来时两条腿正好套进两只裤脚里去。

二、逆译法
如果语序跟汉语习惯不同,甚至完全相反时。

2.1 改变定语顺序 (前置到先行词前)
【2】 The battle-scarred old communists who once made stormy revolution unfurled a passionate blueprint today for a modern, peaceful and prosperous China .

英语长句翻译方法

英语长句翻译方法

英语翻译过程中,英语长句的译法大致可采取以下四种方法来进行。

一、顺序法有的英语句子虽长,但它所叙述的动作基本上是按时间顺序、地点顺序或逻辑关系安排的,这与我们中国人的思维方式相吻合,因此,翻译时可依从原文语序。

例: In Africa I met a boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said,when I spoke to him, that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.分析:此句不算很长,但主句宾语a boy 细藤结大瓜似地带着一个非限制性定语从句直贯句尾,而从句中又有宾语从句that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days. 此宾语从句中的划线部分又是一个原因状语从句,整个句框形成三级从句;宾语从句中的谓语动词said 与它的宾语从句之间又为一时间状语when I spoke to him 所隔。

翻译时若要体现这纷繁复杂的语法关系简直难以行文,因而译文按照原文的顺序,将所发生的事情依序道来,虽未复现原文中诸从句与其被修饰语的关系,但原文的思想内容无一遗漏,叙述脉络清晰,符合逻辑关系和汉语行文习惯。

译文:在非洲,我遇到了一个男孩,他哭得伤心极了,我问他时,他说他饿了,两天没有吃饭了。

二、逆序法有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不尽相同甚至恰恰相反,这就要求我们在翻译时须逆着原文,从后面译起。

例: Is it our sound and considered judgment that the tougher subjects of the classics and mathematics should be thrown aside, as suggested by some educators, for doll- playing?分析:原文为了句子结构的平衡用形式主语“it”代替冗长的主语从句,而汉语中没有相同的句子结构,译文逆着原文的顺序先译主语从句的内容再译主句框架,将原文的意义表达得一清二楚,口气语势也与原文一般无二。

汉译英翻译技巧-长句的翻译_大学英语

汉译英翻译技巧-长句的翻译_大学英语

长句的翻译长句指的是字数较多、结构较复杂、含有多层意思的句子。

汉语和英语都有长句,但在句子结构上的差异很大。

所以,在翻译时要讲究方法,否则就难以准确清晰地传达原文的各层意思。

在处理长句时,要注意如何断句和如何区分主从,正确运用合并法,倒置法和插入法。

一、断句所谓断句,就是把原文的一句话译作两句或更多句。

大凡长句多为复句,而汉语复句和英语复句往往在结构上不同。

汉语的一个复句有时需要断作几句来译,才能使意思清晰,结构利落,合乎英语的表达习惯。

另外,现代英语的句子结构也趋向简短,文章中非限制性的关系子句用得越来越少。

为此,翻译汉语长句时也常常采用断句手法。

一般来说,在以下几种情况下都可以断句:1. 汉语句子较长,内容较复杂这种句子如果同样译作一个长句,在结构上有困难,语境也不清楚;断句则便于清晰地表达原意,又符合英语的表达习惯。

·历来只有真正老实的劳动者,才懂得劳动生产财富的道理才能排除一切想入非非的发财思想,而踏踏实实地用自己的辛勤劳动,为社会也为自己创造财富和积累财富。

Throughout the ages only honest laboring people see the truth that wealth is created through labor. Only they can free their minds of any fantastic ideas of getting rich. And only they create and accumulate wealth for both society and themselves through hard practical work.·如今没奈何,把你雇在隔壁人家放牛,每月可以得他几钱银子,你又有现成饭吃,只在明日就要去了。

There’s no way out but to set you to work looking after our neighbor’s buffalo. Y ou’ll make a little money every month, and you’ll get your meals there too. Y ou are to start tomorrow.2. 汉语的总分复句汉语的总分复句都包括总说和分述两个部分。

浅析英语长句的翻译方法

浅析英语长句的翻译方法

浅析英语长句的翻译方法英语长句翻译是翻译工作中的一个难点,因为英语语言多用从句表达复杂的意思,而从句往往包含大量的修饰成分和复杂的语法结构,使得翻译时需要灵活运用各种翻译方法和技巧。

下面就对英语长句的翻译方法进行简要分析。

1. 分析句子结构: 在翻译长句时,首先需要分析原句的结构和语法,确定主干和从句、定语、状语等,以此为基础进行翻译。

例如:原句: The teacher, who is from England, is teaching us English, which is very popular all over the world.翻译:这位来自英格兰的教师正在教我们英语,这门语言在全世界非常流行。

2. 利用逗号和破折号: 英语中经常使用逗号和破折号分隔不同成分,翻译时可以利用这些标点符号协调长句的表达。

例如:3. 运用简化等效原则: 英语语言中,有些次要的修饰成分可以简化或省略,翻译时可以根据语境选择简化或省略译法。

例如:原句: The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.翻译:我昨天买的书很有趣。

4. 转换句式: 有些长句可以通过转换句式,改为简单句或者需要表达的语言习惯来使其更易理解。

例如:原句: As soon as I finish my work, I will call you back.翻译:我完成工作后立即给你回电话。

5. 建立逻辑关联: 在翻译长句时,需要建立逻辑关联,尤其是对于具有并列或递进关系的长句。

例如:总之,翻译英语长句需要系统的语法知识、扎实的译文功底和灵活运用翻译技巧。

通过分析句子结构、利用逗号和破折号、简化等效原则、转换句式和建立逻辑关联等方法,可以更准确地表达原文的含义。

英语长句翻译的技巧

英语长句翻译的技巧

英语长句翻译的技巧一、顺序法I think he realized discomfort, for he leant forward in his chair and spoke to me, his voice gentle, asking if I would have some more coffee, and when I shook my head I felt that his eyes were still upon me, puzzled.我认为他意识到了我的不安,因为他坐在椅子上倾过身来对我说话,温文尔雅的问我要不要来电咖啡,而且当我摇了摇头时,我感觉到他的一双眼睛依旧困惑不解的盯着我看。

二、逆序法Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.许多人经常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取白领工人的社会地位,这在西方倒是人之常情。

And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, who boast that they can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, have not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the still resistance that gets in the way.由于受到顽强抵抗,吹嘘能在几小时内就占领战略要地的敌人甚至还没能占领外围地带,这一事实使我加强了信心。

三、分译法The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a side spread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.在一次记者招待会上,问题集中于头一天的选举结果,总统就此发了言。

英语长句翻译的五种方法

英语长句翻译的五种方法

英语长句翻译的五种方法科技英语具有逻辑性强、构造严密、表达明确等特点。

这些特点决定了科技英语的一个显著特征是含有大量长句。

英语长句后置修饰语多,并列成份多,句法构造复杂,层次重叠。

因此,进展长句翻译时,要注意英译汉语序上的差异和英汉表达方式的差异。

英语长句汉译时主要采用以下五种方法:顺译法、倒译法、内嵌法、分译法、拆离重组法。

顺译法是指在英译汉过程中,按原文行文的先后顺序或按内容的逻辑顺序,依次译出的翻译方法。

It is important to remember that the position of a given grade of steel can be subject to variations within the range of its specification,and such variations in position,impurity elements and also grainsize caused in hot-working process will result in differences in both response to heat treatment and variations in mechanical properties.重要的是要记住,给定牌号钢的化学成份在其规定范围内可能发生一些变化,这样一些在热加工过程中引起的存在于成份、杂质元素、还有品粒大小上的变化,将使热处理工艺和力学性能产生一些差异。

原句由一个主句、两个宾语从句组成。

由于原句的表达与汉语的表达是根本一致的,因此整个句子的翻译按照原句的语序顺译即可。

The civil engineer must be able to select and utilize effectively the products provided by the other branches ofthe profession developing consumer goods,such as the materials of construction and industry,including steel,timber,concrete and many other materials;and engaging the modern application and use of steam,electric and gas power engines and machines.土建工程师一定要能够有效地选择和利用本行业和部门提供的产品。

英语长句的翻译

英语长句的翻译

长句的译法翻译长句时,首先要弄清原文的句法结构,找出整个句子的中心内容及各层意思,然后分析各层之间的逻辑关系(因果、时间顺序等),再按汉语的特点和表达方式,正确的译出原文的意思,不拘泥于形式。

长句的译法主要有以下几种:顺序法、逆序法、分译法和综合法。

一、顺序法1)If she had long lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, the apple-blossom coloring which had so swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago, she was still at forty-three a comely and faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness.分析:这个句子是由一个主句、一个状语从句和三个定语从句组成的。

“她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣”是主句,也是全句的中心内容。

主句前面是一个假设状语从句,其中又包含一个定语从句,这个定语从句较长,所以,在译文中加破折号放在被修饰语之后。

全句共有五层意思:(一)她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色眼睛的,花儿般的魅力,也失掉了她脸儿和身段的那种冰清玉洁,苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜色;(二)二十六年前这些东西曾迅速而奇妙地影响过艾舍斯特;(三)在四十三岁的今天,她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣;(四)不过两颊淡淡地有点儿斑驳;(五)灰蓝的眼睛也已经有点儿饱满了。

原文各句的逻辑关系、表达顺序与汉语完全一致,因此可按原句顺序译出。

译文:如果说她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色眼睛的,花儿般的魅力,也失掉了她脸儿和身段的那种冰清玉洁,苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜色--二十六年前这种花容月貌曾迅速而奇妙地影响过艾舍斯特--那么在四十三岁的今天,她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣,不过两颊淡淡地有点儿斑驳,而灰蓝的眼睛也有点儿饱满了。

长句翻译

长句翻译

Unit 14 the Translation of English Long Sentences英语长句的翻译教学目的:通过练习、讲解英语长句翻译,了解翻译长句的基本对策,能在翻译实践中使用恰当的翻译方法。

教学重点:英语长句的三大翻译方法:1、顺序译法;2、变序译法;3、分句译法。

教学难点:英语长句的理解;英语长句的汉语表达教学内容:1、顺序译法If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two there you will feel the light wind off the lake which gives it the name “Windy City”.如果你乘坐火车抵达芝加哥,即使只在那里逗留一两个小时,你也会感到从密歇根湖那边吹拂过来的阵阵清风,这就是芝加哥之所以叫做“风城”的缘故。

(定语从句作了相应的改变,译成一个补充说明的分句,放在全句的后面)After walking a long way, the young man came upon a foolish man who had fasten a pair of trousers between trees and who was jumping with all his might high up in the air and trying to hit the two legs of them as he came down.这个年轻人走了很远的路之后碰上了一个愚蠢的人,这个人把一条裤子系在两棵树之间,正在尽全身力气向上跳,想在落下来时两条腿正好套进两只裤脚里去。

It was the moment I ceased being a child, w hen I began to have an adult’s awareness of the pain and tragedy in life. 从那一刻起我不再是一个小孩,我开始有了成年人的意识,能意识到人生的伤痛与灾难。

英语长句的翻译方法

英语长句的翻译方法

长句的翻译方法1.顺序翻译法(1)The problem is that the last generation or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, and should want, to do everything that by tradition men have done at the same time as prettywell everything that by tradition women have done.问题是,在过去二十年时间里,我们已经认定,妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切,而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。

(2)Exercise*Prior to the twentieth century,women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individual and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the mali-dominated culture.2. 逆序翻译法(1)It therefore becomes more and more important that, if studentsare not to waste theiropportuniti es,there will have tobe much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此,如果要使学生充分利用(上大学)的机会,就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息,作更多的指导。

这个问题显得越来越重要了。

(2)Exercises*It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reason why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.*A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor because the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the beat generation, a real phenomenon in the later fifties.*Such a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willingto sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.*Clear-cut guidelines and politics have been worked out and expressed in accurate language concerning the economy, politics, science and technology, education, culture and military and foreign affairs.3. 分译法翻译英语句子时,有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可,但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。

英汉互译八种技巧

英汉互译八种技巧

英汉互译八种技巧英汉八种翻译技巧,从“转换法”、“倒置法”、“省译法”、“增译法”、“拆句法”、“合并法”、“正反表达法”和“长句拆译法”的角度,帮助你更好地进行英汉互译。

1.转换法:转换法是指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语言的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。

在词义方面,需要从多方面对词义的选择进行考察。

引申法和转译法是在词义引申上的一个特例,具体表现为更广泛的用途。

翻译中不能孤立的处理词汇的语境化,不考虑词汇+语素构成的语境。

2.倒置法:在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语往往位于被修饰语之前,这与英语中的修饰语位置相反。

所以当我们翻译包含定语或状语的英语句子时,可以采取倒置法。

3.省译法:省略翻译法可以帮助我们在翻译时避免冗余和歧义,让我们的翻译更加简洁明了。

4.增译法:增译法的使用是在原文基础上添加必要的单词、词组、短语或句子,以便更准确地表达原文的意思。

5.拆句法:当我们面对长而复杂的英语句子时,可以尝试使用拆句法。

这种方法可以帮助我们更好地理解和翻译每一个小句子,从而使整体翻译更加流畅。

6.合并法:与拆句法相反,合并法是将几个短句子合并成一个长句子。

这种翻译技巧通常用于处理英语中的复合句。

通过合并法,我们可以使译文更加紧凑、连贯。

7.正反表达法:有时,英语中的正说可以采用反译的方法,反之亦然。

这种方法可以帮助我们更好地适应不同语言的表达方式和习惯。

8.长句拆译法:对于长而复杂的英语句子,我们可以尝试将其拆分成几个小句子,以便更好地理解和翻译。

这种方法可以帮助我们理清句子的结构和层次,使整体翻译更加清晰明了。

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经过两年半的审讯,法庭判决25名日 本国家领导人死刑或监禁。这是因为 他们阴谋发动侵略战争,并对常规的 战争罪行―即他们部属的累累罪行― 承担责任。法庭审判之公正,甚至连 日本本国报界也予以赞扬。
例1. Having just left school or technical institute, where they had their place and a task to fulfill and where they were known and esteemed by their colleagues, those young people who do not land that first job they were so eagerly looking forward to have to face up for the first time to unemployment, a situation for which neither family nor school has prepared them.
5.1 顺序法 有些英文长句的叙述层次与汉语比较 一致,基本上可按照原文顺序译出,为了 使前后语气衔接,可增加必要的词语。
例1. When our ship cleared harbor, taking my family and
me on the fi to the United States, I watched the receding coastline of Japan with mingled relief and regret: relief from the oppressive feeling that I was being watched; regret that the book I envisaged writing would not make me welcome again in the land of my birth.
与此同时,报纸专栏作家小科尼厄斯. 范德比尔呈交罗斯福的报告令人不安。 这位作者过去曾向罗斯福提供过一些 准确的调查材料。这次报告是他跋涉 两千英里,走遍南部和中西部八个州 之后完成的。
例3. After that two-and-a half-year’s trial, which was commended for its fairness even by the Japanese vernacular press, the Tribunal sentenced twenty-five Japanese leaders o death or imprisonment for having conspired to wage aggressive war and for being responsible for the conventional war crimes―the atrocities―which had been committed by their subordinate.
我认为一个没受教育的人,他的心灵就 如采石场里的大理石。只有经过能工巧 匠的加工,研磨出斑斓的色彩,光洁的 面层,使之显露出悦目的云纹和彩点, 以及贯穿通体的石理,才能展现其天生 丽质。
5.3 分句法 当长句中的并列成分较多,或主句与 从句、短语与其所修饰的词之间关系 不很紧密,各具有相对的独立性时, 可按汉语中多用短句的习惯,把分句 分割成若干短句译出。为了使句之间 相互衔接,可以适当地增减词语。在 短句的处理上,有时也需改变顺序。
就氧气而言,我们遇到了一个不同的问题。 因为尽管化学研究人员和化学成品制造商都 知道元素O指的是氧,但在实际中他们关于氧 的概念是不同的。因此,如果研究人员用制 造商生产的氧来做精确度很高的实验,这实 验很有可能会失败。因为这种所谓的氧不论 是用作固态,液态还是气态,几乎肯定含有 其他物质。
5.2变序法 英语长句的表达顺序往往与汉语表达顺序大 相径庭,英语中最重要的信息常常出现在句 首,然后再交代条件,原因等;而汉语往往 先将背景情况铺陈开来,说明条件、原因等 信息,然后再说出结果等最重要的或最新的 信息;有时按照逻辑关系或时间的先后安排 语序。因此汉译时需要按汉语的表达习惯调 整顺序,全部或部分倒译。
民主国家结成同盟,不惜牺牲大量人力物力向 一个专制政府开战,而最终却把这个政府的独 裁者留臵于领袖地位,这看起来十分奇怪。
例2. Solutions of the problem of old age have to be considered against a historical background of slow but substantial changes in Chinese family structure, caused by rising living standards and family planning.
当轮船离开港口,带着我们一家人驶向 返回美国的第一段航程时,我怀着既宽慰又 怅然的心情凝视着从视野中慢慢消失的日本 海岸——因为从被人监视的气氛中解脱出来 而感到宽慰;又因为我即将动笔的书稿将使 我在我的出生地成为不受欢迎的人而惆怅。
例2. In oxygen we have a different problem, for although both a research chemist and a chemical manufacturer know the element O means oxygen, in practice they have different ideas about it. Thus, if the researcher performed a delicate experiment, using the manufacture’s oxygen, it might easily be a failure since the so-called O, whether used us a solid, liquid or gas, would almost certainly contain other substances.
青年人在学校或技术学院都各得其所, 各有自己需要完成的任务,受到同学的 了解和尊重。而现在,他们刚刚离校, 却找不到自己孜孜以求的第一个职业, 不得不面对有生以来的第一次失业。对 于这种情况,无论是家庭还是学校都没 有帮助他们做好准备。
例2. At the same time, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Jr., a newspaper columnist who provided Roosevelt with accurate surveys in the past, sent him disturbing reports based on 2000 miles of travel through eight southern and Midwestern states.
我开诚布公地向美国人民声明:如果我 们竭尽全力去支援那些抵御轴心国进攻、 保卫自己的国家; 而不是默认他们的失 败,驯服地屈从于轴心国的胜利,并坐 待我们自己成为今后另一次战争的攻击 目标。那么美国卷入战争的可能性就会 小得多。
例4. I consider a human soul without education, like marble in the quarry, which shows none of its inherent beauties, until the skill of the polisher fetches out the colors, makes the surface shine, and discovers every ornamental cloud, spot and vein that runs through the body.
由于人民生活水平的不断提高以及计划生 育的实行,中国的家庭结构发生着缓慢却 又实质性的变化,必须针对这一历史背景 考虑老龄化的问题。
例3. I make the direct statement to the American people that there is a far less chance of the United States getting into war, if we do all we can now to support the nations defending them against attack by the Axis than if we acquiesce in their defeat, submit, tamely to an Axis victory, and wait our turn to be the object of attack in another war later on.
第三单元 长句的译法
由于英语句子中短语多,从句多, 在句法结构上可以层层修饰,句中套 句,再加上插入语、补加成分、同位 语或独立成分等,可以形成复杂的长 句。翻译长句时,必须首先分析各部 分之间的语法关系及逻辑关系,弄清 整个句子的中心内容及各层意思,然 后根据汉语的特点、习惯和表达方式, 正确地翻译出原文的意思。
例1. It may seem rather quaint for an alliance of democratic governments to wage war upon an autocratic government at great expense in life and material, and then leave the chief autocrat of that government in a position of leadership.
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