演讲的艺术 chapter
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© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 14
Tests of Evidence
• Is the evidence quoted in context? • Is the source of the evidence an expert? • Is the source of the evidence unbiased? • Is the evidence relevant to the point? • Is the evidence specific? • Is the evidence sufficient to prove the point? • Is the evidence timely?
around the manufactured drinks in
globe.
the world put together,
including coffee,
chocolate, soft drinks and
alcohol. Total tea
consumption is 4 billion
kilograms annually.
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 12
Testimony
• Direct quotation • Paraphrase
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 5
Purposes of Supporting Materials
• Clarity • Vividness • Credibility
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 6
Types of Supporting Materials
•1 •2 •3
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 7
Examples
• Brief • Extended • Actual • Hypothetical
CHAPTER
6
Supporting Your Ideas
by Ada Pan Oct. 2012
McGraw-Hill
Stephen E. Lucas
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Purposes of Supporting Slide 2 Materials
testimony
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 9
Narration
• Personal • Third-person • Second
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 13
Testimony
Tips: Quote or paraphrase Quote or paraphrase accurately Form qualified/unbiased sources Identify the people you quote or
paraphrase
McGraw-Hill
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 15
Evaluating Electronic Information
• Purpose • Expertise • Objectivity • Accuracy • Timeliness
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 16
Citing Your Sources
“Oral footnotes”. . .
• Enhance the credibility of what you say. • Help listeners find sources.
Slide 10
Statistics
• Single • Multiple • Tips:
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 11
Statistics
• Don’t rely exclusively on statistics. • Use representative statistics • Identify the sources of statistics • Form reliable sources • Round off. • Explain statistics • Use presentational aids. • Stress their impact.
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 8
Tips for using examples
• Make examples vivid and richly textured • Reinforce examples with statistic or
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 17
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 18
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 4
Key Terms
• Supporting materials
Ő example (brief ,extended , hypothetical ) Ő Statistics (single, multiple) Ő Testimony (expert, peer)
Tea is popular.
Large
Tea is second only to
quantities of water as the world’s most
tea are
consumed beverage. More
consumed tea is consumed each year
by people than all other
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 3
Learning Objectives:
• Supporting your ideas by:
examples statistics testimony
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 14
Tests of Evidence
• Is the evidence quoted in context? • Is the source of the evidence an expert? • Is the source of the evidence unbiased? • Is the evidence relevant to the point? • Is the evidence specific? • Is the evidence sufficient to prove the point? • Is the evidence timely?
around the manufactured drinks in
globe.
the world put together,
including coffee,
chocolate, soft drinks and
alcohol. Total tea
consumption is 4 billion
kilograms annually.
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 12
Testimony
• Direct quotation • Paraphrase
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 5
Purposes of Supporting Materials
• Clarity • Vividness • Credibility
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 6
Types of Supporting Materials
•1 •2 •3
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 7
Examples
• Brief • Extended • Actual • Hypothetical
CHAPTER
6
Supporting Your Ideas
by Ada Pan Oct. 2012
McGraw-Hill
Stephen E. Lucas
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Purposes of Supporting Slide 2 Materials
testimony
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 9
Narration
• Personal • Third-person • Second
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 13
Testimony
Tips: Quote or paraphrase Quote or paraphrase accurately Form qualified/unbiased sources Identify the people you quote or
paraphrase
McGraw-Hill
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 15
Evaluating Electronic Information
• Purpose • Expertise • Objectivity • Accuracy • Timeliness
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 16
Citing Your Sources
“Oral footnotes”. . .
• Enhance the credibility of what you say. • Help listeners find sources.
Slide 10
Statistics
• Single • Multiple • Tips:
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 11
Statistics
• Don’t rely exclusively on statistics. • Use representative statistics • Identify the sources of statistics • Form reliable sources • Round off. • Explain statistics • Use presentational aids. • Stress their impact.
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 8
Tips for using examples
• Make examples vivid and richly textured • Reinforce examples with statistic or
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 17
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 18
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 4
Key Terms
• Supporting materials
Ő example (brief ,extended , hypothetical ) Ő Statistics (single, multiple) Ő Testimony (expert, peer)
Tea is popular.
Large
Tea is second only to
quantities of water as the world’s most
tea are
consumed beverage. More
consumed tea is consumed each year
by people than all other
McGraw-Hill
© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Slide 3
Learning Objectives:
• Supporting your ideas by:
examples statistics testimony
McGraw-Hill