葡萄酒专业词汇中英文对照
葡萄酒酿造相关的中英文词汇对照
葡萄酒酿造相关的中英文词汇对照Oe -葡萄含糖量德国盛产白酒,以葡萄含糖量(degrees Oechsle)来分级。
愈晚摘的葡萄,含糖量愈高,相对风险愈大。
Appellation Controlle(Ah-pel-ah-syohN cohn-troh-LAY)-法定产区管制系统法国在1936开始创建的一套对葡萄酒产制的相关规范,从葡萄的品种、产制过程地域等皆有详细且严格的规定,以保障葡萄酒的质量,当然也因此而控制了酒的产量,进而提升酒的价格。
Auslese (OWS-lay-zeh)-德国葡萄酒分级QmP 第3等由经过挑选被富贵霉侵蚀的葡萄酿成的晚摘甜酒,自然含糖量须在83-105°Oe之间。
Beerenauslese (BARE-ehn-OWS-lay-zeh)-德国葡萄酒分级QmP 第2等由经过挑选被富贵霉侵蚀的葡萄酿成的晚摘甜酒,与Auslese不同的是这等级的葡萄是一颗一颗选出,而前者则是一串。
自然含糖量须在110-128°Oe之间。
Blanc de Blancs -白之白用白葡萄酿成的白酒。
通常用在香槟酒上,特别是指由莎当妮酿制的香槟酒。
Bodega -酒厂西班牙文,即酒厂,酒窖。
BOTRYTIS CINEREA -贵腐霉菌,富贵霉晚摘葡萄被贵腐霉菌侵袭,会造成脱水的情形,使糖粉份和酸度增高,生成浓郁的香气。
价格高昂的贵腐甜白酒便是这样酿造的。
在湿湿的环境容易引发贵腐霉菌的感染,对葡萄有两极的影响。
负面是受贵腐霉菌侵蚀的成长中红葡萄,果皮会变薄而流失果香和丹宁。
正面是贵腐霉菌会吸干白葡萄的水份而剩下浓缩的果糖,可以酿造成高质量的甜白酒。
Bourgogne (Boor-GON-yeh) -法文的布根地BRIX -一种测度糖份的单位葡萄采收后,必须测度糖份以便控制发酵。
Brut -干涩不甜的口感通常形容气泡酒,注明在酒标上。
Butt -伯特是用来制作莎妮酒的木桶。
容量达600公升。
史上最强 葡萄酒品鉴评价术语 (中英双语版对照)
Acetic: Tasting term indicating an undesirable vinegary smell.醋酸的:一个用来表述不愉快酸味的品尝术语。
Acidic: Used to describe wines whose total acid is so high that they taste tart or sour and have a sharp edge on the palate.酸的:用于形容葡萄酒的总酸度过高以至于尝起来具有辛辣或酸腐味且在口腔中具有锋利的边角感。
Acids:Essential component of all wines. Several different acids are found in grapes and wine. Grapes are one of the few fruits to contain tartaric acid, the major wine acid and the most important source of acidity in wine. Smaller amounts of malic acid, citric acid and lactic acid can also be found, as can acetic acid. See also 'volatile acidity'.酸:所有酒中的基本成分。
在葡萄和葡萄酒中能找到几种不同的酸。
葡萄是少数含有酒石酸的水果的一种,(酒石酸是酒中主要的酸性物质,同时也是酒的酸度的最重要来源)。
除醋酸外,还有少量的苹果酸,柠檬酸和乳酸。
也可参考'volatile acidity挥发性酸'.Acrid: Describes a harsh or bitter taste or pungent smell that is due to excess sulfur.辛辣的:形容一个粗糙或苦的味道又或者是由于过量的硫磺而产生的刺激性气味。
葡萄酒术语翻译
酒术语翻译
鱼胶:isinglass 葡萄汁:must 臭异味:off odors 氧化:oxidation 空气压挤板:pueumatic press 开胃酒:味美思vermouth 开胃酒:雪利酒sherry 饭后酒:利口酒liqueur 饭后酒:白兰地brandy 佐餐酒:table wines 酸度:Acidity 丹宁程度:Astringency 带木塞气味的:Corked 细炼过程澄清:Fining 余韵:Finish 自由流出:Free-run 渣滓Lees 注种法:Inoculate 离析作用:Maceration 乳酸发酵Malolactic Fermentation 循环旋转:Pump-over 上架:Racking 剩余糖份:Residual Sugar 亚硫酸盐:Sulfites 烤面包味:Toasty 圆润的:Round 酸:Acid 后味:Aftertaste 产地命名:Appellation 香气:Aroma 橡木桶:oak barrels 波美度:Baume 苦味:Bitterness 平淡、乏味:Bland 混合:Blend 酒体:Body 酒香:Bouquet 优雅的:Elegant 结束味:Finish 草本植物味:Herbaceous 酒脚:Legs 葡萄年份:Vintage 植物味:Vegetal 柔软的:Soft 酒石:Tartrates 酚类物质:Phenolics 黑皮诺:pinot noir 卡本内-苏维浓:cabernet sauvigono 过滤:filtering 玛高庄:chateau margaux 白马庄:chateau cheval blanc chateau ausone 柏图斯庄:petrus
chateauchevalblanc葡萄酒术语翻译木桐庄旷:harsh 榛实果味:hazelnut 不清晰:hazy 药草味:herbal 蜂蜜味:honey 酒味浓烈:hot 像墨水水般地果色:inky 果酱味:jammy 单调的:lean 铅笔屑味:lead pencil 薰衣草味:lavender 果汁般:juicy 绝干:extrabrut 干:brut 半干:extradry 微甜:sec 半甜:demi-sec 甜:doux 活泼清脆的:crisp 细致优雅:delicate 微中甜:demi-sec 深度:depth 柴油味:diesel 莳萝:dill 臭袜味:dirty 过分:dominant 不甜:dry 褪味:drying out 潜在力:dumb 泥土味:earthy 简单:easy 空洞:empty 酒庄装瓶:estatebottled 油加利味:eucalyptus 衰退:fading 肥厚:fat 回味:finish 新酒香味:aroma 陈年香味:bouquet 干涩:astringent 第一感受:attack 干涩微酒:austere 主轴:backbone 莓果:berry 强劲:big 苦味:bitter 黑樱桃:blackcherry 黑咖啡:blackcoffee 黑果类:blackfruity 黑胡椒:blackpepper 黑莓:blackberry 黑加仑子:blackcurrant 蓝莓:blueberry 结构:body 黄杨木:boxwood 莓果类:bramblefruit 黄铜色:brass 醒酒:breathe 透明:bright 清澈透明:brilliant 砂糖香:brownsugar 焦煤味:burntmatch 奶油味:butter 冰糖味:candied 香瓜味:cantaloupe 焦糖香味:caramel 黑醋粟:cassis 猫尿:catspray 杉木味:cedar 樱桃子味:cherry-berry 酸度:acidity 丹宁:tannin 平衡:balance 陈年:age/aged 过滤:filtering 浓烈:aggressive 果香味:fruity 杏仁:almond 酸:acid 美国橡木:american oak 后味:after taste 酒精:alcohol 大茴香:anise 性格:character 膨土岩:bentonite 干酒:dry 发酵:fermentation
葡萄酒中英文对照
bulk 原酒bottled wine 瓶装酒original(import bottled wine) 原装酒红葡萄品种:Cabernet Sauvignon(France):赤霞珠Cabernet Franc(France):品丽珠Cabernet Gernischt(France) :蛇龙珠Carignan:佳利酿Sinsaut(France) :神索Gamay(France) :佳美Grenache(Spain) :歌海娜Merlot(France) :梅鹿辄Petit Verdot (France) :味尔多Pinot Noir(France) :黑比诺Ruby Cabernet(America) :宝石解百纳Sangiovese(Italy) :桑娇维塞Syrah(France) :西拉Zinfandel(America) :增芳德Muscat Hamburg:玫瑰香Saperavi(Former Soviet Union):晚红蜜Zinfandel 仙粉黛Malbec 玛尔贝克白葡萄品种:Aligote(France) :阿里高特Chardonney(France) :霞多丽Chenin Blanc(France) :白诗南Traminer(Germany) :琼瑶浆Italian Riesling:贵人香Grey Risling:灰雷司令White Riesling(Germany) :白雷司令Muller-Thurgau(germany) :米勒Muscat Blanc:白麝香Pinot Blanc(France:)白品乐Pinot Noir 黑品诺Sauvignon Blanc(France) :长相思Selillon(France) :赛美蓉Silvaner(Germany) :西万尼Ugni Blanc(France) :白玉霓Folle Blanche(France) :白福尔Colombard(France) :鸽笼白Long Yan(China,Changcheng):龙眼Rkatsiteli (Former Soviet Union):白羽Syrah (Shiraz) 西拉染色品种:Alicante Bouschet(France) :紫北塞Yan 73(China,Changyu) :烟73Yan 74(China,Changyu) :烟74葡萄分类Vitaceae:葡萄科Vine:葡萄树American Vine:美洲种葡萄Franco-american:欧美杂交种Hybrid:杂交品种Wild Grape(Vine):野生葡萄Cultivar:栽培品种Wine Grape:酿酒葡萄Table Grape:鲜食葡萄Seedless Grape:无核(籽)葡萄Grape(Vine) Variety:葡萄品种葡萄酒分类Dry red wine:干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒Still wine:静止葡萄酒Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒Brut wine:天然葡萄酒Carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒Appetizer wine( Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒Vermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒Mistelle:密甜尔Wine Cooler:清爽酒Cider:苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruit brandy:水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地Grape brandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒Vodka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒葡萄酒品尝Taste:品尝Clarity:清澈、透明Transparent:透明的Sensation;感觉Bitter Flavors:苦味Off-flavor, Off-smell, Odour:异味Stemmy:果梗味Reduction Smell:还原味Oxidative Smell:氧化味Harmony:协调性Odour:气味Olfactory:嗅觉的Scent:植物香气Aroma:果香Bouquet:酒香Body:酒体Perception:感觉Amber:琥珀色的Ruby:宝石红色Tawny:黄褐色Violet:紫罗兰色Pink:紫红色Brown:褐色的Round:圆润的Full:完整的、丰满的Harmonious:协调的Supple:柔顺的Soft:柔软的Smooth:平滑的Mellower:醇美的Lively:充满活力的Rich:饱满的,馥郁的Fine:细腻的Fresh:清新的Well-balanced:平衡良好的Subtle:微妙的, 精细的Velvety:柔软的、温和的、柔顺的Fragrant:芳香的、香气幽雅的Flowery:花香的Syrupy:美妙的、甜美的Mellow:甘美的、圆润的、松软的Luscious:甘美的、芬芳的Tranquil:恬静的Spicy:辛辣的Tart:尖酸的Harsh,Hard:粗糙的Lighter:清淡的、轻盈的Thin:单薄的Flat:平淡的Unbalanced:不平衡的Spoiled,Unsound:败坏的Fuller:浓郁的Vinous:酒香的Coarse:粗糙的、粗劣的Piquant:开胃的、辛辣的Tart:尖酸的、刻薄的Astringent:收敛的、苦涩的Conflict:不和谐的Stale:走味的,沉滞的Dull:呆滞的、无活力的Sulphur Taste:硫味Hydrogen Sulphide odour:硫化氢味Taste of Lees:酒泥味Mousiness:鼠臭味Corked Taste,Corkiness,Corky:木塞味ouldy Taste,Musty Taste:霉味Cooked Taste:老化味Resinous:树脂味Casky (Woody )Taste:橡木味,木味Smoke Taste:烟熏味Metallic Flavour:金属味Earthy Taste:泥土味Herbaceous Taste:青草味After Taste:后味葡萄酒欣赏与服务Wine Bar:酒吧Sommelier:斟酒服务员Label:酒标Water Jar:斟酒壶Wine Funnel:斟酒漏斗Decanter:细颈玻璃壶Beverage:饮料Soft Drink:软饮料Tumbler:大酒杯、酒桶Palate:味觉、鉴赏力Bouquet:香味Ice-Bucket:冰桶Fruity:果味的Subside:沉淀物酿酒微生物Yeast:酵母Wild yeast:野生酵母Yeast hulls:酵母菌皮Dry activity yeast:活性干酵母Bacteria:细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB):乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB):乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母生理生化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作用Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作用Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison:转色期Saturation:饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF):酒精发酵Stuck (Sluggish)Fermentation:发酵停滞Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵Malolactic fermentation (MLF):苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation (MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Maceration Carbonique :CO2浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation :CO2浸渍发酵Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Charmat method:罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿Sur lies:带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bottle ageing:瓶内陈酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏Fractional Distillation:分馏Rectification:精馏Clarification:澄清设备Filtrate(filtration):过滤Two-way Pump:双向泵Screw Pump:螺杆泵Centrifuge:离心机Distillation:蒸馏Heat Exchanger:热交换器Crusher:破碎机Destemer:除梗机Presser:压榨机Atmosphere Presser:气囊压榨机Screw Presser:连续压榨机Filter:过滤机Bottling Line:灌装线Plate Filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)Vacuum Filtration(filter):真空过滤(机)Depth Filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)Cross Filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)Membrane Filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)Sterile Filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机)Pocket Filtration(filter):袋滤(机)Rotary Machine:转瓶机Pomace Draining:出渣Blending:调配Racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)Decanting:倒灌(瓶)Remuage:吐渣Fining:下胶Deacidification:降酸Pump over:循环Skin Contact:浸皮(渍)Mix colors:调色Oxidative Ageing Method:氧化陈酿法Reducing Ageing Method:还原陈酿法Stabilization:稳定性Ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)Headspace:顶空NTU:浊度Receiving bin:接收槽Corkscrew:开瓶器Distilling Column:蒸馏塔Condenser:冷凝器Heat Exchanger:热交换器Cork:软木塞Cellar:酒窖Wine Showroom:葡萄酒陈列室Optical Density(OD):光密度Metal Crown Lid:皇冠盖Blanket:隔氧层Pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法原料、病虫害、农药Grape Nursery:葡萄苗圃Graft:嫁接苗Scion:接穗Seedling:自根苗Disease:病害Botrytis:灰霉病Downy Mildew:霜霉病Powdery Mildew:白粉病Fan Leaf:扇叶病毒病Anthracnose:炭疽病Mild Powder:灰腐病Black Rotten:黑腐病Noble rot:贵腐病Pearls:皮尔斯病Phylloxera:根瘤蚜Nematode:线虫Bird Damage:鸟害Pest:昆虫Lime Sulphur:石硫合剂Nursery:营养钵Herbicide:除草剂Pesticide:杀虫剂Fungicide:真菌剂Bordeaux mixture:波尔多液Microclimate:微气候Variety:品种Cluster:果穗Rachis:穗轴Scion:接穗Rootstock:砧木Grafting:嫁接学科名词Enology:葡萄酒酿造学Pomology:果树学Vinification:葡萄酒酿造法Wine-making:葡萄酒酿造Ampelography:葡萄品种学Viniculture:葡萄栽培学Wine Chemistry 葡萄酒化学Enologist,Winemaker:酿酒师Vintage:年份Inoculation(inoculum):接种(物)MOG(material other than grapes):杂物Terpene:萜烯Terpenol:萜烯醇萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite:膨润土(皂土)Kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土Capsule:胶帽Tin Plat、Foil:锡箔Pigment:颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin:果胶酶Silica gel:硅胶Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶Egg white:蛋清Albumen:蛋白Blood powder:血粉理化指标Total acid:总酸Titrable acid:滴定酸Residul sugar:残糖Carbon dioxide:二氧化碳Sugar-free extract:干浸出物Volatile acid:挥发酸Sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)Calcium(Ca):钙Sodium(Na):钠物质名词Methanol:甲醇High Alcohol:高级醇Polyalcohol:多元醇Ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯Flavonol:黄酮醇Glycine:甘油Calcium Pectate:果胶酸钙Ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素Butanol:丁醇Isobutanol:正丁醇Gastric Acid:胃酸Propanone:丙酮Acetic Acid:乙酸Formic Acid:甲酸,蚁酸Phospholipids:磷脂Amino Acid:氨基酸Fatty Acid:脂肪酸Carbonic Acid:碳酸Carbohydrate:碳水化合物Fixed Acid:固定酸Tartaric Acid:酒石酸Malic Acid:苹果酸Citric Acid:柠檬酸Lactic Acid:乳酸Succinic Acid:琥珀酸Sorbic acid:山梨酸Ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸Benzyl acid:苯甲酸Gallic acid:没食子酸Ferulic Acid:阿魏酸Pcoumaric acid:香豆酸Glucose, Dextrose ,Grape Sugar:葡萄糖Fructose, Fruit Sugar:果糖Cane Sugar, Short Sweetening:蔗糖Polysaccharides:水解多糖Starch :淀粉Amylase:淀粉酶Foam:泡沫Protein:蛋白质Mercaptan:硫醇Thiamine:硫胺(VB1)Ammonium Salt:铵盐Melanoidinen:类黑精Glycerol:甘油,丙三醇Copper citrate:柠檬酸铜Copper sulphate:硫酸铜Hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢Oak (barrel):橡木(桶)Catechins:儿茶酚Low Flavour Threshold:香味阈值Maillard Reaction:美拉德反应Volatile Phenols:挥发性酚Vanillan:香子兰Vanillin:香草醛,香兰素Linalool:里那醇,沉香醇Geroniol:牻牛儿醇,香茅醇Pyranic acid:丙酮酸Furan Aldehydes:呋喃醛Eugenol:丁香酚Guaiacol:愈创木酚Carbohydrate Degradation Products:碳水化合物降解物Cellulose:纤维素Hemicellulose:半纤维素Hemicellulase:半纤维素酶Maltol:落叶松皮素Oak Lactone:橡木内酯Hydrolysable Tannins:水解单宁Ellagitannins:鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin:原花色素Relative Astringency(RA):相对涩性Lagic Acid:鞣花酸Polypetide Nitrogen:多肽氮Oxido-reduction Potential:氧化还原电位Condenced Phenols:聚合多酚Poly-phenols:多酚PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Anthocyanin:花青素Alcohol, ethanol:乙醇Invert Sugar 转化糖Oxygen:氧气Ester:酯类物质Nitrogen:氮气Aroma:果香Virus:病毒Bacteriophage:噬菌体Body:酒体Byproduct:副产物Potassium Bitartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾Potassium Sorbate:山梨酸钾Diammonium Phosphate:磷酸氢二铵Potassium Meta-bisulfite(K2S2O5):偏重亚硫酸钾Tannin:单宁Oak tannins:橡木丹宁Undesired (Excessive )Tannins:劣质单宁Desired tannins:优质单宁Enzyme:酶Laccase:漆酶Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO):多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白Lees:酒泥Chateau:酒庄Bulk wine、Raw wine:原酒Hygiene:卫生Activated carbon:活性碳Currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子葡萄酒等级法国:A.O.C:法定产区葡萄酒V.D.Q.S:优良产区葡萄酒V.D.P:地区餐酒V.D.T:日常餐酒葡萄酒营养物质名词Nutrition:营养素Free Amino Nitrogen(FAN):游离氨基酸氮Sterol:甾醇Vitamin:维生素Tocopherol:VE,生育酚Thiamine:VB1,硫胺素Flavin:黄素Riboflavin:VB2,核黄素Nicotinic Acid:烟酸葡萄酒分析Determination:检测Titration:滴定Dilute:稀释Litmus Paper:石蕊试纸Reagent:试剂Goggle:护目镜Flask:烧瓶Beaker:烧杯(带倾口)Distilled Water:蒸馏水Hydrometer:液体比重计Refractometer:手持糖量仪High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC):高效液相色谱Paper Chromatography:纸层析法Specific Gravity:比重Sodium Hydroxide:氢氧化钠(NaOH)Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate:邻苯二甲酸氢钾Phenolphthalein:酚酞Pipette:移液管Erlenmeyer Flask:锥形烧瓶Activated Charcoal:活性碳Whatman Filter Paper:沃特曼滤纸PH-meter:PH计Titration End-point:滴定终点Buffer Solution:缓冲液Potassium Hydrogen Tartrate:酒石酸氢钾Calibrate:校准Electrode:电极Starch Indicator:淀粉指示剂Sulphuric Acid:硫酸Pyrex Beaker:耐热烧杯Potassium Iodide:碘化钾(KI)Sodium Thiosulphate:硫代硫酸钠(NaS2SO3)Hydrogen Peroxide:过氧化氢(H2O2)Orthophosphoric Acid:正磷酸Methyl-red:甲基红Ebullioscope(Ebullimeter):酒精计Thermometer:温度计Pycnometer:比重瓶Formic Acid:甲酸(蚁酸)Sodium Formate:甲酸钠Bromophenol Blue:溴酚蓝Agar Plating:琼脂平板培养基Chocolate Agar:巧克力琼脂Corn Meal Agar:玉米粉琼脂Egg Albumin Agar:卵蛋白琼脂Glycerin Agar:甘油琼脂Malt Agar:麦芽汁琼脂(培养基)Nutrient Agar:营养琼脂Plain Agar:普通琼脂Starch Agar:淀粉琼脂Potato-dextrose Agar(P.D.A):土豆-葡萄糖培养基Autoclave:高压锅,灭菌锅Petri Dishes:灭菌盘Low-magnification Microscope:低倍显微镜Micro-loop:接种环Micro-needle:接种针Alcohol Lamp:酒精灯葡萄酒病害Copper Casse:铜破败病Ferric Casse:铁破败病Proteinic Casse:蛋白质破败病Blue Casse:蓝色破败病White Casse:白色破败病Oxidasic Casse:氧化酶破败病Micobial Disease:细菌病害Mannitic Disease:甘露醇病。
葡萄酒类专业英汉词汇_饮食英语词汇
第一部分葡萄酒分类dry red wine:干红葡萄酒semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒dry white wine:干白葡萄酒rose wine:桃红葡萄酒sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒still wine:静止葡萄酒sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒fortified wine:加强葡萄酒flavored wine:加香葡萄酒brut wine:天然葡萄酒carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒appetizer wine( aperitif):开胃葡萄酒table wine:佐餐葡萄酒dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒champagne:香槟酒vermouth:味美思beaujolasis:宝祖利酒mistelle:密甜尔wine cooler:清爽酒cider:苹果酒brandy:白兰地fruit brandy:水果白兰地pomace brandy:果渣白兰地grape brandy:葡萄白兰地liquor(liqueur):利口酒gin:金酒(杜松子酒)rum:朗姆酒cocktail:鸡尾酒vodka:伏特加whisky:威士忌spirit:酒精,烈酒cognac(france) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)armagnac(france) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)sherry(spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)port(portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)bdx:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物yeast:酵母wild yeast:野生酵母yeast hulls:酵母菌皮dry activity yeast:活性干酵母bacteria:细菌malolactic bacteria(mlb) :乳酸菌lactic acid bacteria(lab) :乳酸菌acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌spoilage yeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程transpiration:蒸腾作用evaporation:蒸发photosynthesis:光合作用maillard reaction :麦拉德反应veraison:转色期saturation:饱和alcoholic fermentation(af) :酒精发酵stuck (sluggish) fermentation:发酵停滞primary fermentation:前发酵,主发酵secondary fermentation;二次发酵heterofermentation:异型发酵malolactic fermentation(mlf) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵malo-alcohol fermentation(maf):苹果酸-酒精发酵methode charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法maceration carbonique :co2浸渍发酵whole bunch fermentation :co2浸渍发酵beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法charmat method:罐式香槟法enzymatic browning:酶促褐变acetification:酸败ageing:陈酿sur lies:带酒脚陈酿esterify:酯化saccharify:糖化liquefy:溶解、液化bottle ageing:瓶内陈酿amelioration:原料改良chaptalization:加糖distillation:蒸馏fractional distillation:分馏rectification:精馏clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料betonite:膨润土(皂土)kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土capsule:胶帽tin plat、foil:锡箔pigment:颜料、色素casein:酪蛋白pectin:果胶酶silica gel:硅胶gelatin:明胶isinglass:鱼胶egg white:蛋清albumen:蛋白blood powder:血粉第五部分理化指标total acid:总酸titrable acid:滴定酸residul sugar:残糖carbon dioxide:二氧化碳sugar-free extract:干浸出物volatile acid:挥发酸sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫copper(cu):铜iron(fe):铁potassium:钾(k)calcium(ca):钙sodium(na):钠第六部分物质名词methanol:甲醇high alcohol:高级醇polyalcohol:多元醇ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯flavonol:黄酮醇glycine:甘油calcium pectate:果胶酸钙ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素butanol:丁醇isobutanol:正丁醇gastric acid:胃酸propanone:丙酮acetic acid:乙酸formic acid:甲酸,蚁酸phospholipids:磷脂amino acid:氨基酸fatty acid:脂肪酸carbonic acid:碳酸carbohydrate:碳水化合物fixed acid:固定酸tartaric acid:酒石酸malic acid:苹果酸citric acid:柠檬酸lactic acid:乳酸succinic acid:琥珀酸sorbic acid:山梨酸ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸benzyl acid:苯甲酸gallic acid:没食子酸ferulic acid:阿魏酸pcoumaric acid:香豆酸glucose, dextrose ,grape sugar:葡萄糖fructose, fruit sugar:果糖cane sugar, short sweetening:蔗糖polysaccharides:水解多糖starch :淀粉amylase:淀粉酶foam:泡沫protein:蛋白质mercaptan:硫醇thiamine:硫胺(vb1)ammonium salt:铵盐melanoidinen:类黑精glycerol:甘油,丙三醇copper citrate:柠檬酸铜copper sulphate:硫酸铜hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢oak (barrel) :橡木(桶)catechins:儿茶酚low flavour threshold:香味阈值maillard reaction:美拉德反应volatile phenols:挥发性酚vanillan:香子兰vanillin:香草醛,香兰素linalool:里那醇,沉香醇geroniol:牻牛儿醇,香茅醇pyranic acid:丙酮酸furan aldehydes:呋喃醛eugenol:丁香酚guaiacol:愈创木酚carbohydrate degradation products:碳水化合物降解物cellulose:纤维素hemicellulose:半纤维素hemicellulase:半纤维素酶maltol:落叶松皮素oak lactone:橡木内酯hydrolysable tannins:水解单宁ellagitannins:鞣花单宁proanthocyanidin:原花色素relative astringency(ra):相对涩性lagic acid:鞣花酸polypetide nitrogen:多肽氮oxido-reduction potential:氧化还原电位condenced phenols:聚合多酚poly-phenols:多酚pvp(p):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮anthocyanin:花青素alcohol, ethanol:乙醇invert sugar 转化糖oxygen:氧气ester:酯类物质nitrogen:氮气aroma:果香virus:病毒bacteriophage:噬菌体body:酒体byproduct:副产物potassium bitartrate(kht):酒石酸氢钾potassium sorbate:山梨酸钾diammonium phosphate:磷酸氢二铵potassium meta-bisulfite (k2s2o5):偏重亚硫酸钾tannin:单宁oak tannins:橡木丹宁undesired (excessive )tannins:劣质单宁desired tannins:优质单宁enzyme:酶laccase:漆酶polyphenol oxidase(ppo) :多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白lees:酒泥chateau:酒庄bulk wine、raw wine:原酒hygiene:卫生activated carbon:活性碳currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备filtrate(filtration):过滤two-way pump:双向泵screw pump:螺杆泵centrifuge:离心机distillation:蒸馏heat exchanger:热交换器crusher:破碎机destemer:除梗机presser:压榨机atmosphere presser:气囊压榨机screw presser:连续压榨机filter:过滤机bottling line:灌装线plate filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)vacuum filtration(filter):真空过滤(机)depth filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)cross filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)membrane filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)sterile filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机)pocket filtration(filter):袋滤(机)rotary machine:转瓶机pomace draining:出渣blending:调配racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)decanting:倒灌(瓶)remuage:吐渣fining:下胶deacidification:降酸pump over:循环skin contact:浸皮(渍)mix colors:调色oxidative ageing method:氧化陈酿法reducing ageing method:还原陈酿法stabilization:稳定性ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)headspace:顶空ntu:浊度receiving bin:接收槽corkscrew:开瓶器distilling column:蒸馏塔condenser:冷凝器heat exchanger:热交换器cork:软木塞cellar:酒窖wine showroom:葡萄酒陈列室optical density(od):光密度metal crown lid:皇冠盖blanket:隔氧层pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药grape nursery:葡萄苗圃graft:嫁接苗scion:接穗seedling:自根苗disease:病害botrytis:灰霉病downy mildew:霜霉病powdery mildew:白粉病fan leaf:扇叶病毒病anthracnose:炭疽病mild powder:灰腐病black rotten:黑腐病noble rot:贵腐病pearls:皮尔斯病phylloxera:根瘤蚜nematode:线虫bird damage:鸟害pest:昆虫lime sulphur:石硫合剂nursery:营养钵herbicide:除草剂pesticide:杀虫剂fungicide:真菌剂bordeaux mixture:波尔多液microclimate:微气候variety:品种cluster:果穗rachis:穗轴scion:接穗rootstock:砧木grafting:嫁接第九部分:学科名词enology:葡萄酒酿造学pomology:果树学vinification:葡萄酒酿造法wine-making:葡萄酒酿造ampelography:葡萄品种学viniculture:葡萄栽培学wine chemistry 葡萄酒化学enologist,winemaker:酿酒师vintage:年份inoculation(inoculum):接种(物)mog(material other than grapes):杂物terpene:萜烯terpenol:萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:a.o.c:法定产区葡萄酒v.d.q.s:优良产区葡萄酒v.d.p:地区餐酒v.d.t:日常餐酒第十一部分葡萄分类及部分品种一、葡萄分类vitaceae:葡萄科vine:葡萄树american vine:美洲种葡萄franco-american:欧美杂交种hybrid:杂交品种wild grape(vine):野生葡萄cultivar:栽培品种wine grape:酿酒葡萄table grape:鲜食葡萄seedless grape:无核(籽)葡萄grape(vine) variety:葡萄品种二、红葡萄品种:cabernet sauvignon(france):赤霞珠cabernet franc(france):品丽珠cabernet gernischt(france) :蛇龙珠carignan:佳利酿sinsaut(france) :神索gamay(france) :佳美grenache(spain) :歌海娜merlot(france) :梅鹿辄petit verdot (france) :味尔多pinot noir(france) :黑比诺ruby cabernet(america) :宝石解百纳sangiovese(italy) :桑娇维塞syrah(france) :西拉zinfandel(america) :增芳德muscat hamburg:玫瑰香saperavi(former soviet union):晚红蜜三、白葡萄品种:aligote(france) :阿里高特chardonney(france) :霞多丽chenin blanc(france) :白诗南traminer(germany) :琼瑶浆italian riesling:贵人香grey risling:灰雷司令white riesling(germany) :白雷司令muller-thurgau(germany) :米勒muscat blanc:白麝香pinot blanc(france:)白品乐sauvignon blanc(france) :长相思selillon(france) :赛美蓉silvaner(germany) :西万尼ugni blanc(france) :白玉霓folle blanche(france) :白福尔colombard(france) :鸽笼白long yan(china,changcheng):龙眼rkatsiteli (former soviet union):白羽四、染色品种:alicante bouschet(france) :紫北塞yan 73(china,changyu) :烟73yan 74(china,changyu) :烟74第十二部分葡萄酒品尝taste:品尝clarity:清澈、透明transparent:透明的sensation;感觉bitter flavors:苦味off-flavor, off-smell, odour:异味stemmy:果梗味reduction smell:还原味oxidative smell:氧化味harmony:协调性odour:气味olfactory:嗅觉的scent:植物香气aroma:果香bouquet:酒香body:酒体perception:感觉amber:琥珀色的ruby:宝石红色tawny:黄褐色violet:紫罗兰色pink:紫红色brown:褐色的round:圆润的full:完整的、丰满的harmonious:协调的supple:柔顺的soft:柔软的smooth:平滑的mellower:醇美的lively:充满活力的rich:饱满的,馥郁的fine:细腻的fresh:清新的well-balanced:平衡良好的subtle:微妙的, 精细的velvety:柔软的、温和的、柔顺的fragrant:芳香的、香气幽雅的flowery:花香的syrupy:美妙的、甜美的mellow:甘美的、圆润的、松软的luscious:甘美的、芬芳的tranquil:恬静的spicy:辛辣的tart:尖酸的harsh,hard:粗糙的lighter:清淡的、轻盈的thin:单薄的flat:平淡的unbalanced:不平衡的spoiled,unsound:败坏的fuller:浓郁的vinous:酒香的coarse:粗糙的、粗劣的piquant:开胃的、辛辣的tart:尖酸的、刻薄的astringent:收敛的、苦涩的conflict:不和谐的stale:走味的,沉滞的dull:呆滞的、无活力的sulphur taste:硫味hydrogen sulphide odour:硫化氢味taste of lees:酒泥味mousiness:鼠臭味corked taste,corkiness,corky:木塞味ouldy taste,musty taste:霉味cooked taste:老化味resinous:树脂味casky (woody )taste:橡木味,木味smoke taste:烟熏味metallic flavour:金属味earthy taste:泥土味herbaceous taste:青草味after taste:后味第十三部分葡萄酒欣赏与服务wine bar:酒吧sommelier:斟酒服务员label:酒标water jar:斟酒壶wine funnel:斟酒漏斗decanter:细颈玻璃壶beverage:饮料soft drink:软饮料tumbler:大酒杯、酒桶palate:味觉、鉴赏力bouquet:香味ice-bucket:冰桶fruity:果味的subside:沉淀物第十四部分葡萄酒营养物质名词nutrition:营养素free amino nitrogen(fan) :游离氨基酸氮sterol:甾醇vitamin:维生素tocopherol:ve,生育酚thiamine:vb1,硫胺素flavin:黄素riboflavin:vb2,核黄素nicotinic acid:烟酸第十五部分葡萄酒分析determination:检测titration:滴定dilute:稀释litmus paper:石蕊试纸reagent:试剂goggle:护目镜flask:烧瓶beaker:烧杯(带倾口)distilled water:蒸馏水hydrometer:液体比重计refractometer:手持糖量仪high performance liquid chromatography (hplc):高效液相色谱paper chromatography:纸层析法specific gravity:比重sodium hydroxide:氢氧化钠(naoh)potassium hydrogen phthalate:邻苯二甲酸氢钾phenolphthalein:酚酞pipette:移液管erlenmeyer flask:锥形烧瓶activated charcoal:活性碳whatman filter paper:沃特曼滤纸ph-meter:ph计titration end-point:滴定终点buffer solution:缓冲液potassium hydrogen tartrate:酒石酸氢钾calibrate:校准electrode:电极starch indicator:淀粉指示剂sulphuric acid:硫酸pyrex beaker:耐热烧杯potassium iodide:碘化钾(ki)sodium thiosulphate:硫代硫酸钠(nas2so3)hydrogen peroxide:过氧化氢(h2o2)orthophosphoric acid:正磷酸methyl-red:甲基红ebullioscope(ebullimeter):酒精计thermometer:温度计pycnometer:比重瓶formic acid:甲酸(蚁酸)sodium formate:甲酸钠bromophenol blue:溴酚蓝agar plating:琼脂平板培养基chocolate agar:巧克力琼脂corn meal agar:玉米粉琼脂egg albumin agar:卵蛋白琼脂glycerin agar:甘油琼脂malt agar:麦芽汁琼脂(培养基)nutrient agar:营养琼脂plain agar:普通琼脂starch agar:淀粉琼脂potato-dextrose agar(p.d.a):土豆-葡萄糖培养基autoclave:高压锅,灭菌锅petri dishes:灭菌盘low-magnification microscope:低倍显微镜micro-loop:接种环micro-needle:接种针alcohol lamp:酒精灯第十六部分葡萄酒病害copper casse:铜破败病ferric casse:铁破败病proteinic casse:蛋白质破败病blue casse:蓝色破败病white casse:白色破败病oxidasic casse:氧化酶破败病micobial disease:细菌病害mannitic disease:甘露醇病。
葡萄酒专业英语词汇(很全的)
葡萄酒专业词汇第一部分葡萄酒分类Dry red wine:干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine :桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine :甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine :半甜葡萄酒Still wine :静止葡萄酒Sparkling w ine :起泡葡萄酒 Claret :新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒 Brut wine :天然葡萄酒 Carbonated wine :加气起泡葡萄酒 Appetizer wine( Aperitif) :开胃葡萄酒 Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒 Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne :香槟酒 V e rmo uth :味美思 Beaujolasis :宝祖利酒 Mistelle :密甜尔 Wine Cooler :清爽酒Cider :苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruit brandy :水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地 Grape brandy :葡萄白兰地 Liquor (Liqueur ):利口酒 Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒Vo d ka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒 Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法) Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Y e a st:酵母Wild yeast:野生酵母Y e ast hulls:酵母菌皮Dry activity yeas:t活性干酵母Bacteria :细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria :醋酸菌 Spoilage yeast :败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration :蒸腾作用 Evaporation :蒸发Photosynthesis :光合作用 Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison :转色期Saturation :饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵 Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation :发酵停滞 Primary Fermentation :前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation ;二次发酵Heterofermentation :异型发酵 Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF) :苹果酸-酒精发酵Methode Charantaise :夏朗德壶式蒸馏法 Maceration Carbonique :CO2 浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation :CO2 浸渍发酵 Beaujolasis method :宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation :厌氧发酵法Thermovinification :热浸渍酿造法Charmat method :罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning :酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing :陈酿Sur lies :带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify :糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bo t t le ageing :瓶内陈酿 Amelioration :原料改良Chaptalization :加糖Distillation :蒸馏Fractional Distillation :分馏Rectification :精馏 Clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite :膨润土(皂土) Kieselgur ,diatomite :硅藻土Capsule :胶帽Tin Plat 、Foil:锡箔Pigment :颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin :果胶酶Silica gel :硅胶Gelatin :明胶 Isinglass :鱼胶 Egg w hite :蛋清 Albumen :蛋白 Blood p owder :血粉第五部分理化指标Total acid :总酸Titrable acid :滴定酸Residul sugar :残糖Carbon dioxide :二氧化碳Sugar-free extract :干浸出物 Volatile acid :挥发酸Sulfur dioxide :二氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide :总二氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide :游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜 Iron (Fe):铁 Potassium :钾( K) Calcium (Ca):钙 Sodium (Na):钠第六部分物质名词Methanol :甲醇High Alcohol :高级醇Polyalcohol :多元醇 Ethyl acetate :乙酸乙酯Flavonol :黄酮醇Glycine :甘油CalciumPectate :果胶酸钙Ochratoxin :棕曲霉毒素Butanol :丁醇Isobutanol :正丁醇Gastric Acid:胃酸Propanone :丙酮Acetic Acid :乙酸 Formic Acid :甲酸,蚁酸 Phospholipids :磷脂Amino Acid :氨基酸Fa t t y Acid :脂肪酸 Carbonic Acid :碳酸Carbohydrate :碳水化合物Fixed Acid :固定酸Tartaric Acid :酒石酸 Malic Acid :苹果酸Citric Acid :柠檬酸 L a ctic Acid :乳酸Succinic Acid :琥珀酸 Sorbic acid :山梨酸 Ascorbic acid :抗坏血酸 Benzyl acid :苯甲酸Gallic acid :没食子酸Ferulic Acid :阿魏酸Pcoumaric acid :香豆酸 Glucose, Dextrose ,Grape Sugar :葡萄糖 Fructose, Fruit Sugar :果糖 Cane Sugar, Short Sweetening :蔗糖Polysaccharides :水解多糖 Starch :淀粉Amylase :淀粉酶 Foam :泡沫Protein :蛋白质Mercaptan :硫醇 Thiamine :硫胺(VB1)Ammonium Salt :铵盐Melanoidinen :类黑精 Glycerol :甘油,丙三醇 Copper citrate :柠檬酸铜 Copper sulphate :硫酸铜 Hydrogen sulphide :硫化氢Oak (barrel) :橡木(桶)Catechins :儿茶酚Low Flavour Threshold :香味阈值Maillard Reaction :美拉德反应Volatile Phenols :挥发性酚Vanillan :香子兰Vanillin :香草醛,香兰素 Linalool :里那醇,沉香醇 Geroniol :牻牛儿醇,香茅醇 Pyranic acid :丙酮酸 Furan Aldehydes :呋喃醛Eugenol :丁香酚Guaiacol :愈创木酚Carbohydrate Degradation Products :碳水化合物降解物Cellulose :纤维素Hemicellulose :半纤维素 Hemicellulase :半纤维素酶Maltol :落叶松皮素Oak Lactone :橡木内酯 Hydrolysable Tannins :水解单宁Ellagitannins :鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin :原花色素Relative Astringency(RA) :相对涩性L a gic Acid :鞣花酸Polypetide Nitrogen :多肽氮Oxido-reduction Potential :氧化还原电位Co nd e nce d Phe no ls:聚合多酚Po ly-p he no ls:多酚PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Anthocyanin :花青素Alcohol, ethanol :乙醇Invert Sugar 转化糖Oxygen :氧气Ester :酯类物质Nitrogen :氮气Aroma :果香Virus :病毒Bacteriophage:噬菌体Body:酒体Byproduct:副产物Po ta s s ium B itartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾 Pota s s ium Sorbate :山梨酸钾Diammonium Phosphate :磷酸氢二铵Pota s s ium Meta-bisulfite (K2S2O5) :偏重亚硫酸钾Tannin :单宁 Oak tannins :橡木丹宁Undesired(Excessive)Ta n n in s:劣质单宁De sire d t ann ins:优质单宁Enzyme:酶 Laccase:漆酶 Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) :多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase :β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase :β-葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins :甘露糖蛋白Lees:酒泥Chateau :酒庄Bulk wine 、Raw wine :原酒Hygiene :卫生Activated c arbon :活性碳 Currant :茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干 Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备Filtrate(filtration) :过滤Two-way Pump :双向泵Screw Pump :螺杆泵Centrifuge :离心机 Distillation :蒸馏Heat Exchanger :热交换器Crusher :破碎机Destemer :除梗机 Presser :压榨机 Atmosphere Pre s s er :气囊压榨机 Screw Pre s s er :连续压榨机Filter:过滤机Bo t t ling Lin e:灌装线Plate Filtra tion(filter):板框过滤(机)Vacuu mFilt ra tio n(filter):真空过滤(机)De p th Filtratio n(filter):深层过滤(机)Cro s s Filtratio n(filter):错流过滤(机)Membrane Filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)Ste rile Filtratio n(filter):除菌过滤(机)Poc ke t Filtration(filter):袋滤(机)Rotary Machine :转瓶机Pomace Draining :出渣 Blending :调配 Racking :分离(皮渣、酒脚)Decanting :倒灌(瓶)Remuage :吐渣Fining :下胶Deacidification :降酸Pump over :循环Skin Contact :浸皮(渍)Mix colors:调色Oxidative AgeingMethod :氧化陈酿法Reducing Ageing Method :还原陈酿法Stabilization :稳定性Ullage :未盛满酒的罐(桶)Headspace :顶空NTU :浊度Receiving bin :接收槽Corkscrew :开瓶器 Distilling Column :蒸馏塔 Condenser :冷凝器 Heat Exchanger :热交换器 Cork :软木塞 Cellar :酒窖Wine Showroom :葡萄酒陈列室Optical Density (OD):光密度Me tal Cro wn Lid:皇冠盖Blanke t:隔氧层Pasteu risa tio n:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药Grape Nursery :葡萄苗圃 Graft:嫁接苗Scion :接穗Seedling :自根苗 Disease :病害Botrytis:灰霉病Downy Mildew:霜霉病Powdery Mildew:白粉病Fan Le a f:扇叶病毒病 Anthracnose :炭疽病 Mild P owder :灰腐病 Black Ro t t en :黑腐病Noble rot :贵腐病 Pearls :皮尔斯病 Phylloxera :根瘤蚜 Nematode :线虫 Bird Damage :鸟害 Pest :昆虫Lime Sulphur :石硫合剂 Nursery :营养钵 Herbicide :除草剂Pesticide :杀虫剂Fungicide :真菌剂 Bordeaux mixture :波尔多液 Microclimate :微气候 Variety :品种 Cluster :果穗 Rachis :穗轴 Scion :接穗 Rootstock :砧木Grafting:嫁接第九部分:学科名词Enology :葡萄酒酿造学Pomology :果树学Vinification :葡萄酒酿造法Wine-making :葡萄酒酿造 Ampelography :葡萄品种学Viniculture :葡萄栽培学Wine Chemistry 葡萄酒化学 Enologist,Winemaker :酿酒师 Vintage :年份 Inoculation (inoculum):接种(物)MOG(ma te rial o the r than g rap e s):杂物Te rp e n e:萜烯Terpenol :萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:A.O.C :法定产区葡萄酒 V.D.Q.S :优良产区葡萄酒 V.D.P:地区餐酒 V.D.T:日常餐酒第十一部分葡萄分类及部分品种一、葡萄分类 Vitaceae :葡萄科 Vine :葡萄树 American Vine :美洲种葡萄Franco-american:欧美杂交种Hybrid:杂交品种Wild Grape(Vine):野生葡萄Cultivar :栽培品种Wine Grape :酿酒葡萄Table G rape :鲜食葡萄Seedless Grape :无核(籽)葡萄Grape(Vine) Variety :葡萄品种二、红葡萄品种: Cabernet Sauvignon(France) :赤霞珠 Cabernet Franc(France) :品丽珠Cabernet Gernischt(France) :蛇龙珠 Carignan :佳利酿 Sinsaut(France) :神索Gamay(France) :佳美Grenache(Spain) :歌海娜 Merlot(France) :梅鹿辄 Petit Verdot (France) :味尔多 Pinot Noir(France) :黑比诺Ruby Cabernet(America) :宝石解百纳 Sangiovese(Italy) :桑娇维塞Syrah(France) :西拉Zinfandel(America) :增芳德Muscat Hamburg:玫瑰香Saperavi(Former Soviet Union):晚红蜜三、白葡萄品种:Aligote(France) :阿里高特Chardonney(France) :霞多丽Chenin Blanc(France) :白诗南 Traminer(Germany) :琼瑶浆 Italian Riesling :贵人香Grey Risling :灰雷司令White Riesling(Germany) :白雷司令Muller-Thurgau(germany) :米勒Muscat Blanc :白麝香Pinot Blanc(France :)白品乐Sauvignon Blanc(France) :长相思 Selillon(France) :赛美蓉Silvaner(Germany) :西万尼 Ugni Blanc(France) :白玉霓 Folle Blanche(France) :白福尔Colombard(France) :鸽笼白 LongY a n(China,Changcheng ):龙眼Rkatsiteli (Former Soviet Union):白羽四、染色品种:Alicante Bouschet(France):紫北塞Y an 73(China,Changyu) :烟73 Y an 74(China,Changyu) :烟 74第十二部分葡萄酒品尝Taste :品尝Clarity :清澈、透明Transparent :透明的Sensation ;感觉Bitter Flavors :苦味Off-flavor, Off-smell, Odour :异味Stemmy :果梗味 Reduction Smell :还原味Oxidative S mell :氧化味Harmony :协调性Odour :气味Olfactory:嗅觉的Scent:植物香气Aroma :果香Bouquet :酒香Body :酒体Perception :感觉Amber:琥珀色的Ruby:宝石红色Tawny :黄褐色Violet:紫罗兰色Pink:紫红色Brown :褐色的 Round :圆润的Full:完整的、丰满的 Harmonious :协调的Supple :柔顺的Soft :柔软的Smooth :平滑的Mellower :醇美的Lively :充满活力的Rich :饱满的,馥郁的Fine :细腻的 Fresh :清新的 Well-balanced :平衡良好的Subtle :微妙的, 精细的Velvety :柔软的、温和的、柔顺的Fragrant :芳香的、香气幽雅的Flowery:花香的Syrupy :美妙的、甜美的 Mellow :甘美的、圆润的、松软的 Luscious :甘美的、芬芳的Tranquil :恬静的 Spicy :辛辣的Tart :尖酸的Harsh,Hard :粗糙的Lighter :清淡的、轻盈的 Thin :单薄的Flat:平淡的 Unbalanced :不平衡的 Spoiled,Unsound :败坏的Fuller :浓郁的Vinous :酒香的 Coarse :粗糙的、粗劣的Piquant :开胃的、辛辣的Tart :尖酸的、刻薄的Astringent :收敛的、苦涩的Conflict :不和谐的Stale :走味的,沉滞的Dull :呆滞的、无活力的Sulphur Taste :硫味Hydrogen Sulphide odour :硫化氢味 Taste of Lees :酒泥味Mousiness :鼠臭味Corked Taste,Corkiness,Corky :木塞味 ouldy Taste,Musty Taste :霉味Cooked T aste :老化味Resinous :树脂味Casky (Woody )Taste :橡木味,木味Smoke Taste :烟熏味Metallic Flavour :金属味 Earthy Taste :泥土味Herbaceous Taste :青草味 After Taste :后味第十三部分葡萄酒欣赏与服务Wine Bar:酒吧Sommelier:斟酒服务员Label:酒标Water Ja:r斟酒壶Wine Funnel:斟酒漏斗Decanter:细颈玻璃壶Beverage:饮料Soft Drink:软饮料Tu m b le r:大酒杯、酒桶Palate :味觉、鉴赏力Bouquet :香味Ice-Bucket :冰桶Fruity :果味的Subside :沉淀物第十四部分葡萄酒营养物质名词Nutrition :营养素Free Amino Nitrogen(FAN) :游离氨基酸氮Sterol :甾醇Vitamin :维生素 Tocopherol :VE ,生育酚 Thiamine :VB1 ,硫胺素 Flavin :黄素Riboflavin :VB2,核黄素 Nicotinic Acid :烟酸第十五部分葡萄酒分析Determination :检测 Titration :滴定 Dilute :稀释 Litmus Paper :石蕊试纸Reagent :试剂Goggle :护目镜 Flask :烧瓶Beaker :烧杯(带倾口) Distilled W ater :蒸馏水 Hydrometer :液体比重计 Refractometer :手持糖量仪 High Performance Liq uid Chro m ato g rap hy(HPLC):高效液相色谱Pap e r Ch ro m ato grap h y:纸层析法Specific Gravity :比重Sodium H ydroxide :氢氧化钠(NaOH ) PotassiumHydrogen Phthalate :邻苯二甲酸氢钾 Phenolphthalein :酚酞 Pipette :移液管 Erlenmeyer Flask :锥形烧瓶Activated Charcoal :活性碳Whatman Filter Paper :沃特曼滤纸PH-meter :PH 计 Titration End-point :滴定终点 Buffer Solution :缓冲液 PotassiumHydrogen Tartrate :酒石酸氢钾Calibrate :校准 Electrode :电极 Starch Indicator :淀粉指示剂 Sulphuric Acid:硫酸 Pyrex Beaker :耐热烧杯Potassium Iodide :碘化钾(KI)Sodium Thiosulphate :硫代硫酸钠( NaS2SO3 )Hydrogen Peroxide :过氧化氢(H2O2 ) Orthophosphoric Acid :正磷酸Methyl-red :甲基红Ebullioscope(Ebullimeter) :酒精计 Thermometer :温度计 Pycnometer :比重瓶Formic Acid :甲酸(蚁酸) SodiumFormate :甲酸钠 Bromophenol Blue :溴酚蓝 Agar Plating :琼脂平板培养基Chocolate Agar :巧克力琼脂Corn Meal Agar :玉米粉琼脂Egg A lbumin Agar :卵蛋白琼脂Glycerin Agar :甘油琼脂Malt Agar :麦芽汁琼脂 (培养基) Nutrient Agar :营养琼脂 Plain Agar :普通琼脂 Starch Agar :淀粉琼脂Pot ato-d e xtro se Ag ar(P.D.A):土豆-葡萄糖培养基Autoclave:高压锅,灭菌锅Pe tri Dishes:灭菌盘Low-magnification Microscope :低倍显微镜Micro-loop :接种环Micro-needle :接种针 Alcohol Lamp :酒精灯第十六部分葡萄酒病害Copper Casse :铜破败病Ferric Casse :铁破败病 Proteinic Ca s s e :蛋白质破败病Blue Casse :蓝色破败病White Casse :白色破败病Oxidasic Casse :氧化酶破败病Micobial Disease :细菌病害 Mannitic Disease :甘露醇病。
红酒词汇中英文对照
第一部分葡萄酒分类Dry red wine:干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒Still wine:静止葡萄酒Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒Brut wine:天然葡萄酒Carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒Appetizer wine( Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒Vermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒Mistelle:密甜尔Wine Cooler:清爽酒Cider:苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruit brandy:水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地Grape brandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒Vodka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Yeast:酵母Wild yeast:野生酵母Yeast hulls:酵母菌皮Dry activity yeast:活性干酵母Bacteria:细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作用Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作用Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison:转色期Saturation:饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation:发酵停滞Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Maceration Carbonique :CO2浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation :CO2浸渍发酵Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Charmat method:罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿Sur lies:带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bottle aging:瓶内陈酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏Fractional Distillation:分馏Rectification:精馏Clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite:膨润土(皂土)Kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土Capsule:胶帽Tin Plat、Foil:锡箔Pigment:颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin:果胶酶Silica gel:硅胶Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶Egg white:蛋清Albumen:蛋白Blood powder:血粉第五部分理化指标Total acid:总酸Titrable acid:滴定酸Residul sugar:残糖Carbon dioxide:二氧化碳Sugar-free extract:干浸出物Volatile acid:挥发酸Sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)Calcium(Ca):钙Sodium(Na):钠第六部分物质名词Methanol:甲醇High Alcohol:高级醇Polyalcohol:多元醇Ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯Flavonol:黄酮醇Glycine:甘油Calcium Pectate:果胶酸钙Ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素Butanol:丁醇Isobutanol:正丁醇Gastric Acid:胃酸Propanone:丙酮Acetic Acid:乙酸Formic Acid:甲酸,蚁酸Phospholipids:磷脂Amino Acid:氨基酸Fatty Acid:脂肪酸Carbonic Acid:碳酸Carbohydrate:碳水化合物Fixed Acid:固定酸Tartaric Acid:酒石酸Malic Acid:苹果酸Citric Acid:柠檬酸Lactic Acid:乳酸Succinic Acid:琥珀酸Sorbic acid:山梨酸Ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸Benzyl acid:苯甲酸Gallic acid:没食子酸Ferulic Acid:阿魏酸Pcoumaric acid:香豆酸Glucose, Dextrose ,Grape Sugar:葡萄糖Fructose, Fruit Sugar:果糖Cane Sugar, Short Sweetening:蔗糖Polysaccharides:水解多糖Starch :淀粉Amylase:淀粉酶Foam:泡沫Protein:蛋白质Mercaptan:硫醇Thiamine:硫胺(VB1)Ammonium Salt:铵盐Melanoidinen:类黑精Glycerol:甘油,丙三醇Copper citrate:柠檬酸铜Copper sulphate:硫酸铜Hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢Oak (barrel) :橡木(桶)Catechins:儿茶酚Low Flavour Threshold:香味阈值Maillard Reaction:美拉德反应Volatile Phenols:挥发性酚Vanillan:香子兰Vanillin:香草醛,香兰素Linalool:里那醇,沉香醇Geroniol:�牛儿醇,香茅醇Pyranic acid:丙酮酸Furan Aldehydes:呋喃醛Eugenol:丁香酚Guaiacol:愈创木酚Carbohydrate Degradation Products:碳水化合物降解物Cellulose:纤维素Hemicellulose:半纤维素Hemicellulase:半纤维素酶Maltol:落叶松皮素Oak Lactone:橡木内酯Hydrolysable Tannins:水解单宁Ellagitannins:鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin:原花色素Relative Astringency(RA):相对涩性Lagic Acid:鞣花酸Polypetide Nitrogen:多肽氮Oxido-reduction Potential:氧化还原电位Condenced Phenols:聚合多酚Poly-phenols:多酚PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Anthocyanin:花青素Alcohol, ethanol:乙醇Invert Sugar 转化糖Oxygen:氧气Ester:酯类物质Nitrogen:氮气Aroma:果香Virus:病毒Bacteriophage:噬菌体Body:酒体Byproduct:副产物Potassium Bitartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾Potassium Sorbate:山梨酸钾Diammonium Phosphate:磷酸氢二铵Potassium Meta-bisulfite (K2S2O5):偏重亚硫酸钾Tannin:单宁Oak tannins:橡木丹宁Undesired (Excessive )Tannins:劣质单宁Desired tannins:优质单宁Enzyme:酶Laccase:漆酶Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) :多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白Lees:酒泥Chateau:酒庄Bulk wine、Raw wine:原酒Hygiene:卫生Activated carbon:活性碳Currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备Filtrate(filtration):过滤Two-way Pump:双向泵Screw Pump:螺杆泵Centrifuge:离心机Distillation:蒸馏Heat Exchanger:热交换器Crusher:破碎机Destemer:除梗机Presser:压榨机Atmosphere Presser:气囊压榨机Screw Presser:连续压榨机Filter:过滤机Bottling Line:灌装线Plate Filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)Vacuum Filtration(filter):真空过滤(机)Depth Filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)Cross Filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)Membrane Filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)Sterile Filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机)Pocket Filtration(filter):袋滤(机)Rotary Machine:转瓶机Pomace Draining:出渣Blending:调配Racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)Decanting:倒灌(瓶)Remuage:吐渣Fining:下胶Deacidification:降酸Pump over:循环Skin Contact:浸皮(渍)Mix colors:调色Oxidative Ageing Method:氧化陈酿法Reducing Ageing Method:还原陈酿法Stabilization:稳定性Ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)Headspace:顶空NTU:浊度Receiving bin:接收槽Corkscrew:开瓶器Distilling Column:蒸馏塔Condenser:冷凝器Heat Exchanger:热交换器Cork:软木塞Cellar:酒窖Wine Showroom:葡萄酒陈列室Optical Density(OD):光密度Metal Crown Lid:皇冠盖Blanket:隔氧层Pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药Grape Nursery:葡萄苗圃Graft:嫁接苗Scion:接穗Seedling:自根苗Disease:病害Botrytis:灰霉病Downy Mildew:霜霉病Powdery Mildew:白粉病Fan Leaf:扇叶病毒病Anthracnose:炭疽病Mild Powder:灰腐病Black Rotten:黑腐病Noble rot:贵腐病Pearls:皮尔斯病Phylloxera:根瘤蚜Nematode:线虫Bird Damage:鸟害Pest:昆虫Lime Sulphur:石硫合剂Nursery:营养钵Herbicide:除草剂Pesticide:杀虫剂Fungicide:真菌剂Bordeaux mixture:波尔多液Microclimate:微气候Variety:品种Cluster:果穗Rachis:穗轴Scion:接穗Rootstock:砧木Grafting:嫁接第九部分:学科名词Enology:葡萄酒酿造学Pomology:果树学Vinification:葡萄酒酿造法Wine-making:葡萄酒酿造Ampelography:葡萄品种学Viniculture:葡萄栽培学Wine Chemistry 葡萄酒化学Enologist,Winemaker:酿酒师Vintage:年份Inoculation(inoculum):接种(物)MOG(material other than grapes):杂物Terpene:萜烯Terpenol:萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:A.O.C:法定产区葡萄酒V.D.Q.S:优良产区葡萄酒V.D.P:地区餐酒V.D.T:日常餐酒德国:1. Tafelwein:日常餐酒;2. Landwein:地区餐酒;3. Qualitaetswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete:简称QbA,优质葡萄酒;4. Qualitaetswein mit Praedikat:简称QmP,特别优质酒。
品酒中描述葡萄酒品质的专业词汇
品酒中描述葡萄酒品质的专业词汇(中英对照)品种(Variety) 酿造葡萄酒所使用的葡萄的种类。
年标(Vintage)葡萄采摘和酿制葡萄酒的年份。
Tannins - 单宁单宁主要源于葡萄皮和葡萄籽轻微的苦涩味。
单宁不会总被品尝出来,但却在舌间展示了为葡萄酒建立着结构。
例如,柔软。
单宁之所以赋予葡萄酒的结构是因为他们具有天然抗氧化防腐作用,对酒的陈年作用具有着决定性。
oxidized - 氧化葡萄酒充分与空气(氧气)接触,因此改变葡萄酒香气及味道。
当小部分氧气接触是有好处的(Decanting - 特意氧化),接触的太多就是不利的。
被氧化的葡萄酒缺乏果味,有些微苦味道。
Malolactic Fermentation 〈马洛拉克梯克〉发酵再二次发酵,酸的味道,经过转变苹果酸而变柔和,乳酸味,它也会由于酿酒师而改变。
herbaceous - 香料味的味道如绿色香料。
多数葡萄品种的酒有香料味被认为是不好的。
无论,一些像苏维翁这样的葡萄品种一般展示一些特有的被认同的香料味道。
Finish - 余味见Afterntaste - 回味Fermentation - 发酵当葡萄汁转变为葡萄酒的过程。
酵母稀释了葡萄糖份和产生的二氧化碳。
酿酒师对温度的控制影响着发酵速度。
发酵速度慢对白葡萄酒的水果味道十分重要。
enology - 葡萄酒酿造学酿造葡萄酒的学问Decanting - 特意氧化轻轻把红葡萄酒从酒瓶倒入一个专门氧化酒的玻璃壶(Decanter)中的过程。
一个Decanter 有一点像一个花瓶在下面比较宽。
倒入有两个用途,尽量把沉淀物留到最后能分出来。
其二在Decanter里葡萄酒跟空气接触的面积比较大,酒会稍微氧化一点。
特别是成熟的、存过橡木桶里的葡萄酒这样才会完全展示她们的果味。
D.O.C. / D.O.C.G.- 保证及控制来源命名D.O.C的意思是Denominazioned’Origine Controllata.是意大利体系取缔了大约250个葡萄酒区,规定严密的地理区域,允许葡萄在区域生长,等等.D.O.C.G.是Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita是在一些高品质区域的更严密的体系。
葡萄酒专业名词中英文对照
品鉴葡萄酒专业名词中英文对照及名词解释品鉴葡萄酒专业名词中英文对照及名词解释ACCESSIBLE(已可饮用)——已经可以品尝的酒;适饮期的酒;不需储藏的新酒,成熟的老酒和比预期早熟的酒。
ACETIC ACID(醋酸)——所有酒都含有轻微而不易察觉的醋酸(约0.03%-0.06%)。
如果比例超过0.1%,酸味会变得明显,就有如指甲油般的味道。
ACID,ACIDITY(酸度)——酒酸,是造成葡萄酒 (特别是白酒) 的结构及厚度的重要因素。
若与丹宁等其他元素不平衡,会造成瑕疵。
通常以Tart或 Sour来形容酸度过高的酒。
甜酒的酸度会比不甜酒略高。
AFTERTASTE(余韵,回甘)——指入喉后的回甘。
这回甘与酒停留在你口中的香味将有所不同,有辛辣的感受,余韵越长表示越好,是欣赏葡萄酒最后的一个愉快的项目。
AGE/AGED(陈年/成熟)——经陈年的白酒通常由青绿转变为金黄色。
波尔多红酒由紫转深红,布根地由紫变砖红。
实际颜色转变视葡萄品种而定。
AGGRESSIVE(浓烈)——指酒内含浓烈的丹宁,非常干涩,尚需陈年。
ALCOHOLIC(酒精的酒精味)——1.平衡不佳而生成酒精的味道。
浓烈的酒精味会把应有的果香覆盖,生成炽热的感受。
2.法令规完酒内的酒精浓度必需注明,一般而言,餐酒不得超过14%,然而亦有例外,如某些金芬黛的酒精度会比较高。
ALMOND(杏仁)——带有些微甘味,意大利白酒通常会出现这种味道。
American Oak(美国橡木)——用美国橡木桶陈酿的苏维翁,梅洛及金芬黛会有浓烈的香草,时萝(九层塔)及杉木味。
ANISE(大茴香)——些微的甘草香,大部份的西班牙红酒会有这种味道。
APPLE(苹果)——1.丰富的苹果香味,你可以在有轻微橡木味的莎当妮中品尝得到。
2.清新的苹果味是薏丝琳白酒的味道。
3.尚未成熟的葡萄酿制的白酒有青苹果味。
4.酸苹果味表示酒已开始氧化。
APRICOT(杏子)——杏味通常会在甜白酒中出现,红酒中偶尔也会出现。
酒水有关词汇中英对照
Lively:充满活力的
Rich:饱满的,馥郁的
Fine:细腻的
Fresh:清新的
Well-balanced:平衡良好的
Subtle: 微妙的, 精细的
Velvety:柔软的、温和的、柔顺的
Fragrant:芳香的、香气幽雅的
Cider:苹果酒
Brandy:白兰地
Fruit brandy:水果白兰地
Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地
Grape brandy:葡萄白兰地
Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒
Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)
Rum:朗姆酒
Cocktail:鸡尾酒
QmP级别内根据葡萄不同的成熟度,还可以细分为6个等级:
1. Kabinett:珍藏
2. Spatlese:晚收
3. Auslese:精选
4. Beerenauslese:简称BA,颗粒精选
5. Trockenbeerenauslese:简称TBA,用深度贵腐的葡萄酿成,葡萄大概要失去95%的水分,酿成的酒也最甜。TBA等级的葡萄酒有的时候就如同蜂蜜那么浓稠,由于产量很少所以价格通常很高。
Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒
Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)
Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒
Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒
Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒
Brut wine:天然葡萄酒
Carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒
V.D.Q.S:优良产区葡萄酒
V.D.P:地区餐酒
V.D.T:日常餐酒
葡萄酒类专业英汉词汇
葡萄酒类专业英汉词汇葡萄酒类专业英汉词汇葡萄酒类专业英汉词汇第一部分葡萄酒分类dry red wine:干红葡萄酒semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒dry white wine:干白葡萄酒rose wine:桃红葡萄酒sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒still wine:静止葡萄酒sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒fortified wine:加强葡萄酒flavored wine:加香葡萄酒brut wine:天然葡萄酒carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒appetizer wine( aperitif):开胃葡萄酒table wine:佐餐葡萄酒dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒champagne:香槟酒vermouth:味美思beaujolasis:宝祖利酒mistelle:密甜尔wine cooler:清爽酒cider:苹果酒brandy:白兰地fruit brandy:水果白兰地pomace brandy:果渣白兰地grape brandy:葡萄白兰地liquor(liqueur):利口酒gin:金酒(杜松子酒)rum:朗姆酒cocktail:鸡尾酒vodka:伏特加whisky:威士忌spirit:酒精,烈酒cognac(france) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)armagnac(france) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)sherry(spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)port(portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)bdx:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物yeast:酵母wild yeast:野生酵母yeast hulls:酵母菌皮dry activity yeast:活性干酵母bacteria:细菌malolactic bacteria(mlb) :乳酸菌lactic acid bacteria(lab) :乳酸菌acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌spoilage yeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程transpiration:蒸腾作用evaporation:蒸发photosynthesis:光合作用maillard reaction :麦拉德反应veraison:转色期saturation:饱和alcoholic fermentation(af) :酒精发酵stuck (sluggish) fermentation:发酵停滞primary fermentation:前发酵,主发酵secondary fermentation;二次发酵heterofermentation:异型发酵malolactic fermentation(mlf) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵malo-alcohol fermentation(maf):苹果酸-酒精发酵methode charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法maceration carbonique :co2浸渍发酵whole bunch fermentation :co2浸渍发酵beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法charmat method:罐式香槟法enzymatic browning:酶促褐变acetification:酸败ageing:陈酿sur lies:带酒脚陈酿esterify:酯化saccharify:糖化liquefy:溶解、液化bottle ageing:瓶内陈酿amelioration:原料改良chaptalization:加糖distillation:蒸馏fractional distillation:分馏rectification:精馏clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料betonite:膨润土(皂土)kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土capsule:胶帽tin plat、foil:锡箔pigment:颜料、色素casein:酪蛋白pectin:果胶酶silica gel:硅胶gelatin:明胶isinglass:鱼胶egg white:蛋清albumen:蛋白blood powder:血粉第五部分理化指标total acid:总酸titrable acid:滴定酸residul sugar:残糖carbon dioxide:二氧化碳sugar-free extract:干浸出物volatile acid:挥发酸sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫copper(cu):铜iron(fe):铁potassium:钾(k)calcium(ca):钙sodium(na):钠第六部分物质名词methanol:甲醇high alcohol:高级醇polyalcohol:多元醇ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯flavonol:黄酮醇glycine:甘油calcium pectate:果胶酸钙ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素butanol:丁醇isobutanol:正丁醇gastric acid:胃酸propanone:丙酮acetic acid:乙酸formic acid:甲酸,蚁酸phospholipids:磷脂amino acid:氨基酸fatty acid:脂肪酸carbonic acid:碳酸carbohydrate:碳水化合物fixed acid:固定酸tartaric acid:酒石酸malic acid:苹果酸citric acid:柠檬酸lactic acid:乳酸succinic acid:琥珀酸sorbic acid:山梨酸ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸benzyl acid:苯甲酸gallic acid:没食子酸ferulic acid:阿魏酸pcoumaric acid:香豆酸glucose, dextrose ,grape sugar:葡萄糖fructose, fruit sugar:果糖cane sugar, short sweetening:蔗糖polysaccharides:水解多糖starch :淀粉amylase:淀粉酶foam:泡沫protein:蛋白质mercaptan:硫醇thiamine:硫胺(vb1)ammonium salt:铵盐melanoidinen:类黑精glycerol:甘油,丙三醇copper citrate:柠檬酸铜copper sulphate:硫酸铜hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢oak (barrel) :橡木(桶)catechins:儿茶酚low flavour threshold:香味阈值maillard reaction:美拉德反应volatile phenols:挥发性酚vanillan:香子兰vanillin:香草醛,香兰素linalool:里那醇,沉香醇geroniol:牻牛儿醇,香茅醇pyranic acid:丙酮酸furan aldehydes:呋喃醛eugenol:丁香酚guaiacol:愈创木酚carbohydrate degradation products:碳水化合物降解物cellulose:纤维素hemicellulose:半纤维素hemicellulase:半纤维素酶maltol:落叶松皮素oak lactone:橡木内酯hydrolysable tannins:水解单宁ellagitannins:鞣花单宁proanthocyanidin:原花色素relative astringency(ra):相对涩性lagic acid:鞣花酸polypetide nitrogen:多肽氮oxido-reduction potential:氧化还原电位condenced phenols:聚合多酚poly-phenols:多酚pvp(p):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮anthocyanin:花青素alcohol, ethanol:乙醇invert sugar 转化糖oxygen:氧气ester:酯类物质nitrogen:氮气aroma:果香virus:病毒bacteriophage:噬菌体body:酒体byproduct:副产物potassium bitartrate(kht):酒石酸氢钾potassium sorbate:山梨酸钾diammonium phosphate:磷酸氢二铵potassium meta-bisulfite (k2s2o5):偏重亚硫酸钾tannin:单宁oak tannins:橡木丹宁undesired (excessive )tannins:劣质单宁desired tannins:优质单宁enzyme:酶laccase:漆酶polyphenol oxidase(ppo) :多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白lees:酒泥chateau:酒庄bulk wine、raw wine:原酒hygiene:卫生activated carbon:活性碳currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备filtrate(filtration):过滤two-way pump:双向泵screw pump:螺杆泵centrifuge:离心机distillation:蒸馏heat exchanger:热交换器crusher:破碎机destemer:除梗机presser:压榨机atmosphere presser:气囊压榨机screw presser:连续压榨机filter:过滤机bottling line:灌装线plate filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)vacuum filtration(filter):真空过滤(机)depth filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)cross filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)membrane filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)sterile filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机)pocket filtration(filter):袋滤(机)rotary machine:转瓶机pomace draining:出渣blending:调配racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)decanting:倒灌(瓶)remuage:吐渣fining:下胶deacidification:降酸pump over:循环skin contact:浸皮(渍)mix colors:调色oxidative ageing method:氧化陈酿法reducing ageing method:还原陈酿法stabilization:稳定性ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)headspace:顶空ntu:浊度receiving bin:接收槽corkscrew:开瓶器distilling column:蒸馏塔condenser:冷凝器heat exchanger:热交换器cork:软木塞cellar:酒窖wine showroom:葡萄酒陈列室optical density(od):光密度metal crown lid:皇冠盖blanket:隔氧层pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药grape nursery:葡萄苗圃graft:嫁接苗scion:接穗seedling:自根苗disease:病害botrytis:灰霉病downy mildew:霜霉病powdery mildew:白粉病fan leaf:扇叶病毒病anthracnose:炭疽病mild powder:灰腐病black rotten:黑腐病noble rot:贵腐病pearls:皮尔斯病phylloxera:根瘤蚜nematode:线虫bird damage:鸟害pest:昆虫lime sulphur:石硫合剂nursery:营养钵herbicide:除草剂pesticide:杀虫剂fungicide:真菌剂bordeaux mixture:波尔多液microclimate:微气候variety:品种cluster:果穗rachis:穗轴scion:接穗rootstock:砧木grafting:嫁接第九部分:学科名词enology:葡萄酒酿造学pomology:果树学vinification:葡萄酒酿造法wine-making:葡萄酒酿造ampelography:葡萄品种学viniculture:葡萄栽培学wine chemistry 葡萄酒化学enologist,winemaker:酿酒师vintage:年份inoculation(inoculum):接种(物)mog(material other than grapes):杂物terpene:萜烯terpenol:萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:a.o.c:法定产区葡萄酒v.d.q.s:优良产区葡萄酒v.d.p:地区餐酒v.d.t:日常餐酒第十一部分葡萄分类及部分品种一、葡萄分类vitaceae:葡萄科vine:葡萄树american vine:美洲种葡萄franco-american:欧美杂交种hybrid:杂交品种wild grape(vine):野生葡萄cultivar:栽培品种wine grape:酿酒葡萄table grape:鲜食葡萄seedless grape:无核(籽)葡萄grape(vine) variety:葡萄品种二、红葡萄品种:cabernet sauvignon(france):赤霞珠cabernet franc(france):品丽珠cabernet gernischt(france) :蛇龙珠carignan:佳利酿sinsaut(france) :神索gamay(france) :佳美grenache(spain) :歌海娜merlot(france) :梅鹿辄petit verdot (france) :味尔多pinot noir(france) :黑比诺ruby cabernet(america) :宝石解百纳sangiovese(italy) :桑娇维塞syrah(france) :西拉zinfandel(america) :增芳德muscat hamburg:玫瑰香saperavi(former soviet union):晚红蜜三、白葡萄品种:aligote(france) :阿里高特chardonney(france) :霞多丽chenin blanc(france) :白诗南traminer(germany) :琼瑶浆italian riesling:贵人香grey risling:灰雷司令white riesling(germany) :白雷司令muller-thurgau(germany) :米勒muscat blanc:白麝香pinot blanc(france:)白品乐sauvignon blanc(france) :长相思selillon(france) :赛美蓉silvaner(germany) :西万尼ugni blanc(france) :白玉霓folle blanche(france) :白福尔colombard(france) :鸽笼白long yan(china,changcheng):龙眼rkatsiteli (former soviet union):白羽四、染色品种:alicante bouschet(france) :紫北塞yan 73(china,changyu) :烟73yan 74(china,changyu) :烟74第十二部分葡萄酒品尝taste:品尝clarity:清澈、透明transparent:透明的sensation;感觉bitter flavors:苦味off-flavor, off-smell, odour:异味stemmy:果梗味reduction smell:还原味oxidative smell:氧化味harmony:协调性odour:气味olfactory:嗅觉的scent:植物香气aroma:果香bouquet:酒香body:酒体perception:感觉amber:琥珀色的ruby:宝石红色tawny:黄褐色violet:紫罗兰色pink:紫红色brown:褐色的round:圆润的full:完整的、丰满的harmonious:协调的supple:柔顺的soft:柔软的smooth:平滑的mellower:醇美的lively:充满活力的rich:饱满的,馥郁的fine:细腻的fresh:清新的well-balanced:平衡良好的subtle:微妙的, 精细的velvety:柔软的、温和的、柔顺的fragrant:芳香的、香气幽雅的flowery:花香的syrupy:美妙的、甜美的mellow:甘美的、圆润的、松软的luscious:甘美的、芬芳的tranquil:恬静的spicy:辛辣的tart:尖酸的harsh,hard:粗糙的lighter:清淡的、轻盈的thin:单薄的flat:平淡的unbalanced:不平衡的spoiled,unsound:败坏的fuller:浓郁的vinous:酒香的coarse:粗糙的、粗劣的piquant:开胃的、辛辣的tart:尖酸的、刻薄的astringent:收敛的、苦涩的conflict:不和谐的stale:走味的,沉滞的dull:呆滞的、无活力的sulphur taste:硫味hydrogen sulphide odour:硫化氢味taste of lees:酒泥味mousiness:鼠臭味corked taste,corkiness,corky:木塞味ouldy taste,musty taste:霉味cooked taste:老化味resinous:树脂味casky (woody )taste:橡木味,木味smoke taste:烟熏味metallic flavour:金属味earthy taste:泥土味herbaceous taste:青草味after taste:后味第十三部分葡萄酒欣赏与服务wine bar:酒吧sommelier:斟酒服务员label:酒标water jar:斟酒壶wine funnel:斟酒漏斗decanter:细颈玻璃壶beverage:饮料soft drink:软饮料tumbler:大酒杯、酒桶palate:味觉、鉴赏力bouquet:香味ice-bucket:冰桶fruity:果味的subside:沉淀物第十四部分葡萄酒营养物质名词nutrition:营养素free amino nitrogen(fan) :游离氨基酸氮sterol:甾醇vitamin:维生素tocopherol:ve,生育酚thiamine:vb1,硫胺素flavin:黄素riboflavin:vb2,核黄素nicotinic acid:烟酸第十五部分葡萄酒分析determination:检测titration:滴定dilute:稀释litmus paper:石蕊试纸reagent:试剂goggle:护目镜flask:烧瓶beaker:烧杯(带倾口)distilled water:蒸馏水hydrometer:液体比重计refractometer:手持糖量仪high performance liquid chromatography (hplc):高效液相色谱paper chromatography:纸层析法specific gravity:比重sodium hydroxide:氢氧化钠(naoh)potassium hydrogen phthalate:邻苯二甲酸氢钾phenolphthalein:酚酞pipette:移液管erlenmeyer flask:锥形烧瓶activated charcoal:活性碳whatman filter paper:沃特曼滤纸ph-meter:ph计titration end-point:滴定终点buffer solution:缓冲液potassium hydrogen tartrate:酒石酸氢钾calibrate:校准electrode:电极starch indicator:淀粉指示剂sulphuric acid:硫酸pyrex beaker:耐热烧杯potassium iodide:碘化钾(ki)sodium thiosulphate:硫代硫酸钠(nas2so3)hydrogen peroxide:过氧化氢(h2o2)orthophosphoric acid:正磷酸methyl-red:甲基红ebullioscope(ebullimeter):酒精计thermometer:温度计pycnometer:比重瓶formic acid:甲酸(蚁酸)sodium formate:甲酸钠bromophenol blue:溴酚蓝agar plating:琼脂平板培养基chocolate agar:巧克力琼脂corn meal agar:玉米粉琼脂egg albumin agar:卵蛋白琼脂glycerin agar:甘油琼脂malt agar:麦芽汁琼脂(培养基)nutrient agar:营养琼脂plain agar:普通琼脂starch agar:淀粉琼脂potato-dextrose agar(p.d.a):土豆-葡萄糖培养基autoclave:高压锅,灭菌锅petri dishes:灭菌盘low-magnification microscope:低倍显微镜micro-loop:接种环micro-needle:接种针alcohol lamp:酒精灯第十六部分葡萄酒病害copper casse:铜破败病ferric casse:铁破败病proteinic casse:蛋白质破败病blue casse:蓝色破败病white casse:白色破败病oxidasic casse:氧化酶破败病micobial disease:细菌病害mannitic disease:甘露醇病葡萄酒类专业英汉词汇相关内容:。
葡萄酒基础专业词汇中英文对照
第一部分葡萄酒分类Dry red wine:干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒Still wine:静止葡萄酒Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒Brut wine:天然葡萄酒Carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒Appetizer wine( Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒Vermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒Mistelle:密甜尔Wine Cooler:清爽酒Cider:苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruit brandy:水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地Grape brandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒Vodka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Yeast:酵母Wild yeast:野生酵母Yeast hulls:酵母菌皮Dry activity yeast:活性干酵母Bacteria:细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作用Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作用Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison:转色期Saturation:饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation:发酵停滞Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Maceration Carbonique :CO2浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation :CO2浸渍发酵Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Charmat method:罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿Sur lies:带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bottle aging:瓶内陈酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏Fractional Distillation:分馏Rectification:精馏Clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite:膨润土(皂土)Kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土Capsule:胶帽Tin Plat、Foil:锡箔Pigment:颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin:果胶酶Silica gel:硅胶Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶Egg white:蛋清Albumen:蛋白Blood powder:血粉第五部分理化指标Total acid:总酸Titrable acid:滴定酸Residul sugar:残糖Carbon dioxide:二氧化碳Sugar-free extract:干浸出物Volatile acid:挥发酸Sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)Calcium(Ca):钙Sodium(Na):钠第六部分物质名词Methanol:甲醇High Alcohol:高级醇Polyalcohol:多元醇Ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯Flavonol:黄酮醇Glycine:甘油Calcium Pectate:果胶酸钙Ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素Butanol:丁醇Isobutanol:正丁醇Gastric Acid:胃酸Propanone:丙酮Acetic Acid:乙酸Formic Acid:甲酸,蚁酸Phospholipids:磷脂Amino Acid:氨基酸Fatty Acid:脂肪酸Carbonic Acid:碳酸Carbohydrate:碳水化合物Fixed Acid:固定酸Tartaric Acid:酒石酸Malic Acid:苹果酸Citric Acid:柠檬酸Lactic Acid:乳酸Succinic Acid:琥珀酸Sorbic acid:山梨酸Ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸Benzyl acid:苯甲酸Gallic acid:没食子酸Ferulic Acid:阿魏酸Pcoumaric acid:香豆酸Glucose, Dextrose ,Grape Sugar:葡萄糖Fructose, Fruit Sugar:果糖Cane Sugar, Short Sweetening:蔗糖Polysaccharides:水解多糖Starch :淀粉Amylase:淀粉酶Foam:泡沫Protein:蛋白质Mercaptan:硫醇Thiamine:硫胺(VB1)Ammonium Salt:铵盐Melanoidinen:类黑精Glycerol:甘油,丙三醇Copper citrate:柠檬酸铜Copper sulphate:硫酸铜Hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢Oak (barrel) :橡木(桶)Catechins:儿茶酚Low Flavour Threshold:香味阈值Maillard Reaction:美拉德反应Volatile Phenols:挥发性酚Vanillan:香子兰Vanillin:香草醛,香兰素Linalool:里那醇,沉香醇Geroniol:�牛儿醇,香茅醇Pyranic acid:丙酮酸Furan Aldehydes:呋喃醛Eugenol:丁香酚Guaiacol:愈创木酚Carbohydrate Degradation Products:碳水化合物降解物Cellulose:纤维素Hemicellulose:半纤维素Hemicellulase:半纤维素酶Maltol:落叶松皮素Oak Lactone:橡木内酯Hydrolysable Tannins:水解单宁Ellagitannins:鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin:原花色素Relative Astringency(RA):相对涩性Lagic Acid:鞣花酸Polypetide Nitrogen:多肽氮Oxido-reduction Potential:氧化还原电位Condenced Phenols:聚合多酚Poly-phenols:多酚PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Anthocyanin:花青素Alcohol, ethanol:乙醇Invert Sugar 转化糖Oxygen:氧气Ester:酯类物质Nitrogen:氮气Aroma:果香Virus:病毒Bacteriophage:噬菌体Body:酒体Byproduct:副产物Potassium Bitartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾Potassium Sorbate:山梨酸钾Diammonium Phosphate:磷酸氢二铵Potassium Meta-bisulfite (K2S2O5):偏重亚硫酸钾Tannin:单宁Oak tannins:橡木丹宁Undesired (Excessive )Tannins:劣质单宁Desired tannins:优质单宁Enzyme:酶Laccase:漆酶Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) :多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白Lees:酒泥Chateau:酒庄Bulk wine、Raw wine:原酒Hygiene:卫生Activated carbon:活性碳Currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备Filtrate(filtration):过滤Two-way Pump:双向泵Screw Pump:螺杆泵Centrifuge:离心机Distillation:蒸馏Heat Exchanger:热交换器Crusher:破碎机Destemer:除梗机Presser:压榨机Atmosphere Presser:气囊压榨机Screw Presser:连续压榨机Filter:过滤机Bottling Line:灌装线Plate Filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)Vacuum Filtration(filter):真空过滤(机)Depth Filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)Cross Filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)Membrane Filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)Sterile Filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机)Pocket Filtration(filter):袋滤(机)Rotary Machine:转瓶机Pomace Draining:出渣Blending:调配Racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)Decanting:倒灌(瓶)Remuage:吐渣Fining:下胶Deacidification:降酸Pump over:循环Skin Contact:浸皮(渍)Mix colors:调色Oxidative Ageing Method:氧化陈酿法Reducing Ageing Method:还原陈酿法Stabilization:稳定性Ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)Headspace:顶空NTU:浊度Receiving bin:接收槽Corkscrew:开瓶器Distilling Column:蒸馏塔Condenser:冷凝器Heat Exchanger:热交换器Cork:软木塞Cellar:酒窖Wine Showroom:葡萄酒陈列室Optical Density(OD):光密度Metal Crown Lid:皇冠盖Blanket:隔氧层Pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药Grape Nursery:葡萄苗圃Graft:嫁接苗Scion:接穗Seedling:自根苗Disease:病害Botrytis:灰霉病Downy Mildew:霜霉病Powdery Mildew:白粉病Fan Leaf:扇叶病毒病Anthracnose:炭疽病Mild Powder:灰腐病Black Rotten:黑腐病Noble rot:贵腐病Pearls:皮尔斯病Phylloxera:根瘤蚜Nematode:线虫Bird Damage:鸟害Pest:昆虫Lime Sulphur:石硫合剂Nursery:营养钵Herbicide:除草剂Pesticide:杀虫剂Fungicide:真菌剂Bordeaux mixture:波尔多液Microclimate:微气候Variety:品种Cluster:果穗Rachis:穗轴Scion:接穗Rootstock:砧木Grafting:嫁接第九部分:学科名词Enology:葡萄酒酿造学Pomology:果树学Vinification:葡萄酒酿造法Wine-making:葡萄酒酿造Ampelography:葡萄品种学Viniculture:葡萄栽培学Wine Chemistry 葡萄酒化学Enologist,Winemaker:酿酒师Vintage:年份Inoculation(inoculum):接种(物)MOG(material other than grapes):杂物Terpene:萜烯Terpenol:萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:A.O.C:法定产区葡萄酒V.D.Q.S:优良产区葡萄酒V.D.P:地区餐酒V.D.T:日常餐酒德国:1. Tafelwein:日常餐酒;2. Landwein:地区餐酒;3. Qualitaetswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete:简称QbA,优质葡萄酒;4. Qualitaetswein mit Praedikat:简称QmP,特别优质酒。
葡萄酒专业名词中英文对照
品鉴葡萄酒专业名词中英文对照及名词解释品鉴葡萄酒专业名词中英文对照及名词解释ACCESSIBLE(已可饮用)——已经可以品尝的酒;适饮期的酒;不需储藏的新酒,成熟的老酒和比预期早熟的酒。
ACETIC ACID(醋酸)——所有酒都含有轻微而不易察觉的醋酸(约0.03%-0.06%)。
如果比例超过0.1%,酸味会变得明显,就有如指甲油般的味道。
ACID,ACIDITY(酸度)——酒酸,是造成葡萄酒(特别是白酒) 的结构及厚度的重要因素。
若与丹宁等其他元素不平衡,会造成瑕疵。
通常以Tart或Sour来形容酸度过高的酒。
甜酒的酸度会比不甜酒略高。
AFTERTASTE(余韵,回甘)——指入喉后的回甘。
这回甘与酒停留在你口中的香味将有所不同,有辛辣的感受,余韵越长表示越好,是欣赏葡萄酒最后的一个愉快的项目。
AGE/AGED(陈年/成熟)——经陈年的白酒通常由青绿转变为金黄色。
波尔多红酒由紫转深红,布根地由紫变砖红。
实际颜色转变视葡萄品种而定。
AGGRESSIVE(浓烈)——指酒内含浓烈的丹宁,非常干涩,尚需陈年。
ALCOHOLIC(酒精的酒精味)——1.平衡不佳而生成酒精的味道。
浓烈的酒精味会把应有的果香覆盖,生成炽热的感受。
2.法令规完酒内的酒精浓度必需注明,一般而言,餐酒不得超过14%,然而亦有例外,如某些金芬黛的酒精度会比较高。
ALMOND(杏仁)——带有些微甘味,意大利白酒通常会出现这种味道。
American Oak(美国橡木)——用美国橡木桶陈酿的苏维翁,梅洛及金芬黛会有浓烈的香草,时萝(九层塔)及杉木味。
ANISE(大茴香)——些微的甘草香,大部份的西班牙红酒会有这种味道。
APPLE(苹果)——1.丰富的苹果香味,你可以在有轻微橡木味的莎当妮中品尝得到。
2.清新的苹果味是薏丝琳白酒的味道。
3.尚未成熟的葡萄酿制的白酒有青苹果味。
4.酸苹果味表示酒已开始氧化。
APRICOT(杏子)——杏味通常会在甜白酒中出现,红酒中偶尔也会出现。
葡萄酒专业词汇英汉对照
葡萄酒专业词汇英汉对照第一部分葡萄酒分类[[category:D]]Dry red wine 干红葡萄酒[[category:S]]Semi-dry wine 半干葡萄酒[[category:D]]Dry white wine 干白葡萄酒[[category:R]]Rose wine 桃红葡萄酒[[category:S]]Sweet wine 甜型葡萄酒[[category:S]]Semi-sweet wine 半甜葡萄酒[[category:S]]Still wine 静止葡萄酒[[category:S]]Sparkling wine 起泡葡萄酒[[category:c]]Claret 新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)[[category:b]]Botrytised wine 贵腐葡萄酒[[category:F]]Fortified wine 加强葡萄酒[[category:F]]Flavored wine 加香葡萄酒[[category:b]]Brutwine 天然葡萄酒[[category:c]]Carbonated wine 加气起泡葡萄酒[[category:a]]Appetizer wine(Aperitif) 开胃葡萄酒[[category:T]]Table wine 佐餐葡萄酒[[category:D]]Dessert wine 餐后葡萄酒[[category:c]]Champagne 香槟酒[[category:V]]Vermouth 味美思[[category:b]]Beaujolasis 宝祖利酒Mistelle 密甜尔[[category:W]]Wine Cooler 清爽酒[[category:c]]Cider 苹果酒[[category:b]]Brandy 白兰地[[category:F]]Fruit brandy 水果白兰地[[category:P]]Pomace Brandy 果渣白兰地[[category:G]]Grape brandy 葡萄白兰地[[category:L]]Liquor(Liqueur)利口酒[[category:G]]Gin 金酒(杜松子酒)[[category:R]]Rum 朗姆酒[[category:c]]Cocktail 鸡尾酒[[category:V]]Vodka 伏特加[[category:W]]Whisky 威士忌[[category:S]]Spirit 酒精,烈酒[[category:c]]Cognac(France) 科尼亚克白兰地(法)[[category:a]]Armagnac(France) 阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)[[category:S]]Sherry(Spain) 雪莉酒(西班牙)[[category:P]]Port(Portuguese) 波特酒(葡萄牙)[[category:b]]BDX 波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物[[category:Y]]Yeast 酵母[[category:W]]Wild yeast 野生酵母Yeast hulls 酵母菌皮[[category:D]]Dry activity yeast 活性干酵母[[category:b]]Bacteria 细菌[[category:M]]Malolactic bacteria(MLB) 乳酸菌[[category:L]]Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) 乳酸菌[[category:a]]Acetic acid bacteria 醋酸菌[[category:S]]Spoilage yeast 败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程[[category:T]]Transpiration 蒸腾作用[[category:E]]Evaporation 蒸发[[category:P]]Photosynthesis 光合作用[[category:M]]Maillard Reaction 麦拉德反应[[category:V]]Veraison 转色期[[category:S]]Saturation 饱和[[category:a]]Alcoholic fermentation(AF) 酒精发酵[[category:S]]Stuck(Sluggish) Fermentation 发酵停滞[[category:P]]Primary Fermentation 前发酵,主发酵[[category:S]]Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵[[category:H]]Heterofermentation 异型发酵[[category:M]]Malolactic fermentation(MLF) 苹果酸-乳酸发酵[[category:M]]Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF) 苹果酸-酒精发酵[[category:M]]MethodeCharantaise 夏朗德壶式蒸馏法[[category:M]]Maceration Carbonique CO2浸渍发酵[[category:W]]Wholebunch fermentation CO2浸渍发酵[[category:b]]Beaujolasismethod 宝祖利酿造法[[category:U]]Unareobic fermentation 厌氧发酵法[[category:T]]Thermovinification 热浸渍酿造法[[category:c]]Charmat method 罐式香槟法[[category:E]]Enzymatic browning 酶促褐变[[category:a]]Acetification 酸败[[category:a]]Ageing 陈酿[[category:S]]Surlies 带酒脚陈酿[[category:E]]Esterify 酯化[[category:S]]Saccharify 糖化[[category:L]]Liquefy 溶解、液化[[category:b]]Bottle aging 瓶内陈酿[[category:a]]Amelioration 原料改良[[category:c]]Chaptalization 加糖[[category:D]]Distillation 蒸馏[[category:F]]Fractional Distillation 分馏[[category:R]]Rectification 精馏[[category:c]]Clarification 澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料[[category:b]]Betonite 膨润土(皂土)[[category:K]]Kieselgur,diatomite 硅藻土[[category:c]]Capsule 胶帽[[category:T]]TinPlat、Foil 锡箔[[category:P]]Pigment 颜料、色素[[category:c]]Casein 酪蛋白[[category:P]]Pectin 果胶酶[[category:S]]Silica gel 硅胶[[category:G]]Gelatin 明胶[[category:I]]Isinglass 鱼胶[[category:E]]Egg white 蛋清[[category:a]]Albumen 蛋白[[category:b]]Blood powder 血粉第五部分理化指标[[category:T]]Total acid 总酸[[category:T]]Titrable acid 滴定酸[[category:R]]Residul sugar 残糖[[category:c]]Carbondi oxide 二氧化碳[[category:S]]Sugar-free extract 干浸出物[[category:V]]Volatile acid 挥发酸[[category:S]]Sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫[[category:T]]Total sulfur dioxide 总二氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide 游离二氧化硫[[category:c]]Copper(Cu)铜[[category:I]]Iron(Fe)铁[[category:P]]Potassium 钾(K)[[category:c]]Calcium(Ca)钙[[category:S]]Sodium(Na)钠第六部分物质名词[[category:M]]Methanol 甲醇[[category:H]]High Alcohol 高级醇[[category:P]]Polyalcohol 多元醇[[category:E]]Ethylacetate 乙酸乙酯[[category:F]]Flavonol 黄酮醇[[category:G]]Glycine 甘油[[category:c]]Calcium Pectate 果胶酸钙[[category:O]]Ochratoxin 棕曲霉毒素[[category:b]]Butanol 丁醇[[category:I]]Isobutanol 正丁醇[[category:G]]Gastric Acid 胃酸[[category:P]]Propanone 丙酮[[category:a]]Acetic Acid 乙酸[[category:F]]Formic Acid 甲酸,蚁酸[[category:P]]Phospholipids 磷脂Amino Acid 氨基酸[[category:F]]Fatty Acid 脂肪酸[[category:c]]Carbonic Acid 碳酸[[category:c]]Carbohydrate 碳水化合物[[category:F]]Fixed Acid 固定酸[[category:T]]Tartaric Acid 酒石酸[[category:M]]Malic Acid 苹果酸[[category:c]]Citric Acid 柠檬酸[[category:L]]Lactic Acid 乳酸[[category:S]]Succinic Acid 琥珀酸[[category:S]]Sorbic acid 山梨酸[[category:a]]Ascorbic acid 抗坏血酸[[category:b]]Benzyl acid 苯甲酸[[category:G]]Gallic acid 没食子酸[[category:F]]Ferulic Acid 阿魏酸[[category:P]]Pcoumaric acid 香豆酸[[category:G]]Glucose,Dextrose,GrapeSugar 葡萄糖[[category:F]]Fructose,Fruit Sugar 果糖[[category:c]]Cane Sugar,Short Sweetening 蔗糖[[category:P]]Polysaccharides 水解多糖[[category:S]]Starch 淀粉[[category:a]]Amylase 淀粉酶Foam 泡沫[[category:P]]Protein 蛋白质[[category:M]]Mercaptan 硫醇[[category:T]]Thiamine 硫胺(VB1)[[category:a]]Ammonium Salt 铵盐[[category:M]]Melanoidinen 类黑精[[category:G]]Glycerol 甘油,丙三醇[[category:c]]Copper citrate 柠檬酸铜[[category:c]]Copper sulphate 硫酸铜[[category:H]]Hydrogen sulphide 硫化氢[[category:O]]Oak(barrel) 橡木(桶)[[category:c]]Catechins 儿茶酚[[category:L]]Low Flavour Threshold 香味阈值[[category:M]]Maillard Reaction 美拉德反应[[category:V]]Volatile Phenols 挥发性酚[[category:V]]Vanillan 香子兰[[category:V]]Vanillin 香草醛,香兰素[[category:L]]Linalool 里那醇,沉香醇[[category:G]]Geroniol 牻牛儿醇,香茅醇[[category:P]]Pyranic acid 丙酮酸[[category:F]]Furan Aldehydes 呋喃醛[[category:E]]Eugenol 丁香酚[[category:G]]Guaiacol 愈创木酚[[category:c]]Carbohydrate Degradation Products 碳水化合物降解物[[category:c]]Cellulose 纤维素[[category:H]]Hemicellulose 半纤维素[[category:H]]Hemicellulase 半纤维素酶[[category:M]]Maltol 落叶松皮素[[category:O]]Oak Lactone 橡木内酯[[category:H]]HydrolysableT annins 水解单宁[[category:E]]Ellagitannins 鞣花单宁[[category:P]]Proanthocyanidin 原花色素[[category:R]]Relative Astringency(RA) 相对涩性[[category:L]]Lagic Acid 鞣花酸[[category:P]]Polypetide Nitrogen 多肽氮[[category:O]]Oxido-reduction Potential 氧化还原电位[[category:c]]Condenced Phenols 聚合多酚[[category:P]]Poly-phenols 多酚[[category:P]]PVP(P)聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮[[category:a]]Anthocyanin 花青素[[category:a]]Alcohol, ethanol 乙醇[[category:I]]Invert Sugar转化糖[[category:O]]Oxygen 氧气[[category:E]]Ester 酯类物质[[category:N]]Nitrogen 氮气[[category:a]]Aroma 果香[[category:V]]Virus 病毒[[category:b]]Bacteriophage 噬菌体[[category:b]]Body 酒体[[category:b]]Byproduct 副产物[[category:P]]Potassium Bitartrate(KHT)酒石酸氢钾[[category:P]]PotassiumSorbate 山梨酸钾[[category:D]]Diammonium Phosphate 磷酸氢二铵[[category:P]]Potassium Meta-bisulfite(K2S2O5) 偏重亚硫酸钾[[category:T]]T annin 单宁[[category:O]]Oak tannins 橡木丹宁[[category:U]]Undesired(Excessive)T annins 劣质单宁[[category:D]]Desired tannins 优质单宁[[category:E]]Enzyme 酶[[category:L]]Laccase 漆酶[[category:P]]Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) 多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase β-葡聚糖酶[[category:M]]Mannoproteins 甘露糖蛋白[[category:L]]Lees 酒泥[[category:c]]Chateau 酒庄[[category:b]]Bulkwine、Rawwine 原酒[[category:H]]Hygiene 卫生[[category:a]]Activated carbon 活性碳[[category:c]]Currant 茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干[[category:R]]Raspberry 木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分设备[[category:F]]Filtrate(filtration) 过滤[[category:T]]Two-way Pump 双向泵[[category:S]]Screw Pump 螺杆泵[[category:c]]Centrifuge 离心机[[category:D]]Distillation 蒸馏[[category:H]]Heat Exchanger 热交换器[[category:c]]Crusher 破碎机[[category:D]]Destemer 除梗机[[category:P]]Presser 压榨机[[category:a]]Atmosphere Presser 气囊压榨机[[category:S]]Screw Presser 连续压榨机[[category:F]]Filter 过滤机[[category:b]]BottlingLine 灌装线[[category:P]]Plate Filtration(filter)板框过滤(机)[[category:V]]Vacuum Filtration(filter)真空过滤(机)[[category:D]]Depth Filtration(filter)深层过滤(机)[[category:c]]Cross Filtration(filter)错流过滤(机)[[category:M]]Membrane Filtration(filter)膜过滤(机)[[category:S]]Sterile Filtration(filter)除菌过滤(机)[[category:P]]Pocket Filtration(filter)袋滤(机)[[category:R]]Rotary Machine 转瓶机[[category:P]]Pomace Draining 出渣[[category:b]]Blending 调配[[category:R]]Racking 分离(皮渣、酒脚)[[category:D]]Decanting 倒灌(瓶)[[category:R]]Remuage 吐渣[[category:F]]Fining 下胶[[category:D]]Deacidification 降酸[[category:P]]Pumpover 循环[[category:S]]Skin Contact 浸皮(渍)[[category:M]]Mixcolors 调色[[category:O]]Oxidative Ageing Method 氧化陈酿法[[category:R]]Reducing Ageing Method 还原陈酿法[[category:S]]Stabilization 稳定性[[category:U]]Ullage 未盛满酒的罐(桶)[[category:H]]Headspace 顶空[[category:N]]NTU 浊度[[category:R]]Receiving bin 接收槽[[category:c]]Corkscrew 开瓶器[[category:D]]Distilling Column 蒸馏塔[[category:c]]Condenser 冷凝器[[category:H]]Heat Exchanger 热交换器[[category:c]]Cork 软木塞[[category:c]]Cellar 酒窖[[category:W]]Wine Show room 葡萄酒陈列室[[category:O]]Optical Density(OD)光密度[[category:M]]Metal Crown Lid 皇冠盖[[category:b]]Blanket 隔氧层[[category:P]] Pasteurisation 巴斯德杀菌法第八部分原料、病虫害、农药[[category:G]]Grape Nursery 葡萄苗圃[[category:G]]Graft 嫁接苗[[category:S]]Scion 接穗[[category:S]]Seedling 自根苗[[category:D]]Disease 病害[[category:b]]Botrytis 灰霉病[[category:D]]Downy Mildew 霜霉病[[category:P]]Powdery Mildew 白粉病[[category:F]]Fan Leaf 扇叶病毒病[[category:a]]Anthracnose 炭疽病[[category:M]]Mild Powder 灰腐病[[category:b]]Black Rotten 黑腐病[[category:N]]Noblerot 贵腐病[[category:P]]Pearls 皮尔斯病[[category:P]] Phylloxera 根瘤蚜[[category:N]] Nematode 线虫[[category:b]]Bird Damage 鸟害[[category:P]]Pest 昆虫[[category:L]]Lime Sulphur 石硫合剂[[category:N]]Nursery 营养钵[[category:H]]Herbicide 除草剂[[category:P]]Pesticide 杀虫剂[[category:F]]Fungicide 真菌剂[[category:b]]Bordeaux mixture 波尔多液[[category:M]] Microclimate 微气候[[category:V]]Variety 品种[[category:c]]Cluster 果穗[[category:R]]Rachis 穗轴[[category:S]]Scion 接穗[[category:R]]Rootstock 砧木[[category:G]]Grafting 嫁接第九部分学科名词[[category:E]]Enology 葡萄酒酿造学[[category:P]]Pomology 果树学[[category:V]]Vinification 葡萄酒酿造法[[category:W]]Wine-making 葡萄酒酿造[[category:a]]Ampelography 葡萄品种学[[category:V]]Viniculture 葡萄栽培学[[category:W]]Wine Chemistry葡萄酒化学[[category:E]]Enologist,Winemaker 酿酒师[[category:V]]Vintage 年份[[category:I]]Inoculation(inoculum)接种(物)[[category:M]]MOG(materialotherthangrapes)杂物[[category:T]]Terpene 萜烯[[category:T]]Terpenol 萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国[[category:a]]A.O.C 法定产区葡萄酒[[category:V]]V.D.Q.S 优良产区葡萄酒[[category:V]]V.D.P 地区餐酒[[category:V]]V.D.T 日常餐酒德国1.T afelwein 日常餐酒;ndwein 地区餐酒;3.QualitaetsweinbestimmterAnbaugebiete 简称QbA,优质葡萄酒;4.QualitaetsweinmitPraedikat 简称QmP,特别优质酒。
葡萄酒(红酒)类英语词汇中英对照1
葡萄酒分类Dry red wine:⼲红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半⼲葡萄酒Dry white wine:⼲⽩葡萄酒Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒Still wine:静⽌葡萄酒Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加⾹葡萄酒Brut wine:天然葡萄酒Carbonated wine:加⽓起泡葡萄酒Appetizer wine( Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:⾹槟酒Vermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒Mistelle:密甜尔Wine Cooler:清爽酒Cider:苹果酒Brandy:⽩兰地Fruit brandy:⽔果⽩兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣⽩兰地Grape brandy:葡萄⽩兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利⼝酒Gin:⾦酒(杜松⼦酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒Vodka:伏特加Whisky:威⼠忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒Cognac(France) :科尼亚克⽩兰地(法)Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克⽩兰地(法)Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班⽛)Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄⽛)BDX:波尔多红酒酿酒微⽣物Yeast:酵母Wild yeast:野⽣酵母Yeast hulls:酵母菌⽪Dry activity yeast:活性⼲酵母Bacteria:细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母⽣理⽣化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作⽤Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作⽤Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison:转⾊期Saturation:饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation:发酵停滞Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation;⼆次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Maceration Carbonique :CO2浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation :CO2浸渍发酵Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Charmat method:罐式⾹槟法Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing:陈酿Sur lies:带酒脚陈酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bottle ageing:瓶内陈酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏Fractional Distillation:分馏Rectification:精馏Clarification:澄清葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite:膨润⼟(皂⼟)Kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻⼟Capsule:胶帽Tin Plat、Foil:锡箔Pigment:颜料、⾊素Casein:酪蛋⽩Pectin:果胶酶Silica gel:硅胶Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶Egg white:蛋清Albumen:蛋⽩Blood powder:⾎粉理化指标Total acid:总酸Titrable acid:滴定酸Residul sugar:残糖Carbon dioxide:⼆氧化碳Sugar-free extract:⼲浸出物Volatile acid:挥发酸Sulfur dioxide:⼆氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide:总⼆氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide:游离⼆氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)Calcium(Ca):钙Sodium(Na):钠。
葡萄酒中英文术语
AAcetic. Term applied to wines which have undergone acetification and to the odour of such wines.醋酸的:用于描述发生醋酸化的葡萄酒,以及此类葡萄酒所散发出的气味。
Acid. Term applied to a wine containing an excessive amount of acid, usually a wine made from grapes not completely ripe.酸:用于描述含有过量酸的葡萄酒,通常是因为原料葡萄没有完全成熟。
After taste. Tate left in the mouth by wines after they have beentasted.后味:品尝后葡萄酒留在口中的味道和感觉。
Agreable. Pleasant character of a well-balanced wine.惬意的:一款平衡良好的葡萄酒所包含的宜人特征。
Amber. Colour of a wine resembling that of amber.琥珀色:葡萄酒所具有的类似琥珀的颜色。
Astringent. The characteristic flavour of wines which produces an unpleasant chemical stimulus in the mouth, due to an excessive level of ethyl acetate.涩的、收敛性的:葡萄酒中乙酸乙酯含量过高时的典型特征,给口腔带来一种不适的化学刺激感。
Aroma. The odour of wines. Primary aroma is derived from the grapes. Secondary aroma derives from fermentation. Tertiary aroma (bouquet) develops during maturation and aging.香气、果香:葡萄酒的气味。
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葡萄酒专业词汇中英文对照第一部分葡萄酒分类Dry red wine:干红葡萄酒Semi-dry wine:半干葡萄酒Dry white wine:干白葡萄酒Rose wine:桃红葡萄酒Sweet wine:甜型葡萄酒Semi-sweet wine:半甜葡萄酒Still wine:静止葡萄酒Sparkling wine:起泡葡萄酒Claret:新鲜桃红葡萄酒(波尔多产)Botrytised wine:贵腐葡萄酒Fortified wine:加强葡萄酒Flavored wine:加香葡萄酒Brut wine:天然葡萄酒Carbonated wine:加气起泡葡萄酒Appetizer wine( Aperitif):开胃葡萄酒Table wine:佐餐葡萄酒Dessert wine:餐后葡萄酒Champagne:香槟酒Vermouth:味美思Beaujolasis:宝祖利酒Mistelle:密甜尔Wine Cooler:清爽酒Cider:苹果酒Brandy:白兰地Fruit brandy:水果白兰地Pomace Brandy:果渣白兰地Grape brandy:葡萄白兰地Liquor(Liqueur):利口酒Gin:金酒(杜松子酒)Rum:朗姆酒Cocktail:鸡尾酒Vodka:伏特加Whisky:威士忌Spirit:酒精,烈酒Cognac(France) :科尼亚克白兰地(法)Armagnac(France) :阿马尼亚克白兰地(法)Sherry(Spain) :雪莉酒(西班牙)Port(Portuguese) :波特酒(葡萄牙)BDX:波尔多红酒第二部分酿酒微生物Yeast:酵母Wild yeast:野生酵母Yeast hulls:酵母菌皮Dry activity yeast:活性干酵母Bacteria:细菌Malolactic bacteria(MLB) :乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria(LAB) :乳酸菌Acetic acid bacteria:醋酸菌Spoilage yeast:败坏酵母第三部分生理生化过程Transpiration:蒸腾作用Evaporation:蒸发Photosynthesis:光合作用Maillard Reaction :麦拉德反应Veraison:转色期Saturation:饱和Alcoholic fermentation(AF) :酒精发酵Stuck (Sluggish) Fermentation:发酵停滞Primary Fermentation:前发酵,主发酵Secondary Fermentation;二次发酵Heterofermentation:异型发酵Malolactic fermentation(MLF) :苹果酸-乳酸发酵Malo-Alcohol Fermentation(MAF):苹果酸-酒精发酵Methode Charantaise:夏朗德壶式蒸馏法Maceration Carbonique :CO2浸渍发酵Whole bunch fermentation :CO2浸渍发酵Beaujolasis method:宝祖利酿造法Unareobic fermentation:厌氧发酵法Thermovinification:热浸渍酿造法Charmat method:罐式香槟法Enzymatic browning:酶促褐变Acetification:酸败Ageing:酿Sur lies:带酒脚酿Esterify:酯化Saccharify:糖化Liquefy:溶解、液化Bottle aging:瓶酿Amelioration:原料改良Chaptalization:加糖Distillation:蒸馏Fractional Distillation:分馏Rectification:精馏Clarification:澄清第四部分葡萄酒酿酒辅料Betonite:膨润土(皂土)Kieselgur ,diatomite:硅藻土Capsule:胶帽Tin Plat、Foil:锡箔Pigment:颜料、色素Casein:酪蛋白Pectin:果胶酶Silica gel:硅胶Gelatin:明胶Isinglass:鱼胶Egg white:蛋清Albumen:蛋白Blood powder:血粉第五部分理化指标Total acid:总酸Titrable acid:滴定酸Residul sugar:残糖Carbon dioxide:二氧化碳Sugar-free extract:干浸出物Volatile acid:挥发酸Sulfur dioxide:二氧化硫Total sulfur dioxide:总二氧化硫Free sulfur dioxide:游离二氧化硫Copper(Cu):铜Iron(Fe):铁Potassium:钾(K)Calcium(Ca):钙Sodium(Na):钠第六部分物质名词Methanol:甲醇High Alcohol:高级醇Polyalcohol:多元醇Ethyl acetate:乙酸乙酯Flavonol:黄酮醇Glycine:甘油Calcium Pectate:果胶酸钙Ochratoxin:棕曲霉毒素Butanol:丁醇Isobutanol:正丁醇Gastric Acid:胃酸Propanone:丙酮Acetic Acid:乙酸Formic Acid:甲酸,蚁酸Phospholipids:磷脂Amino Acid:氨基酸Fatty Acid:脂肪酸Carbonic Acid:碳酸Carbohydrate:碳水化合物Fixed Acid:固定酸Tartaric Acid:酒石酸Malic Acid:苹果酸Citric Acid:柠檬酸Lactic Acid:乳酸Succinic Acid:琥珀酸Sorbic acid:山梨酸Ascorbic acid:抗坏血酸Benzyl acid:苯甲酸Gallic acid:没食子酸Ferulic Acid:阿酸Pcoumaric acid:香豆酸Glucose, Dextrose ,Grape Sugar:葡萄糖Fructose, Fruit Sugar:果糖Cane Sugar, Short Sweetening:蔗糖Polysaccharides:水解多糖Starch :淀粉Amylase:淀粉酶Foam:泡沫Protein:蛋白质Mercaptan:硫醇Thiamine:硫胺(VB1)Ammonium Salt:铵盐Melanoidinen:类黑精Glycerol:甘油,丙三醇Copper citrate:柠檬酸铜Copper sulphate:硫酸铜Hydrogen sulphide:硫化氢Oak (barrel) :橡木(桶)Catechins:儿茶酚Low Flavour Threshold:香味阈值Maillard Reaction:美拉德反应Volatile Phenols:挥发性酚Vanillan:香子兰Vanillin:香草醛,香兰素Linalool:里那醇,沉香醇Geroniol:牻牛儿醇,香茅醇Pyranic acid:丙酮酸Furan Aldehydes:呋喃醛Eugenol:丁香酚Guaiacol:愈创木酚Carbohydrate Degradation Products:碳水化合物降解物Cellulose:纤维素Hemicellulose:半纤维素Hemicellulase:半纤维素酶Maltol:落叶松皮素Oak Lactone:橡木酯Hydrolysable Tannins:水解单宁Ellagitannins:鞣花单宁Proanthocyanidin:原花色素Relative Astringency(RA):相对涩性Lagic Acid:鞣花酸Polypetide Nitrogen:多肽氮Oxido-reduction Potential:氧化还原电位Condenced Phenols:聚合多酚Poly-phenols:多酚PVP(P):聚乙烯(聚)吡咯烷酮Anthocyanin:花青素Alcohol, ethanol:乙醇Invert Sugar 转化糖Oxygen:氧气Ester:酯类物质Nitrogen:氮气Aroma:果香Virus:病毒Bacteriophage:噬菌体Body:酒体Byproduct:副产物Potassium Bitartrate(KHT):酒石酸氢钾Potassium Sorbate:山梨酸钾Diammonium Phosphate:磷酸氢二铵Potassium Meta-bisulfite (K2S2O5):偏重亚硫酸钾Tannin:单宁Oak tannins:橡木丹宁Undesired (Excessive )Tannins:劣质单宁Desired tannins:优质单宁Enzyme:酶Laccase:漆酶Polyphenol Oxidase(PPO) :多酚氧化酶β-glucosidase:β-葡(萄)糖苷酶β-glucanase:β-葡聚糖酶Mannoproteins:甘露糖蛋白Lees:酒泥Chateau:酒庄Bulk wine、Raw wine:原酒Hygiene:卫生Activated carbon:活性碳Currant:茶蔗子属植物、无核小葡萄干Raspberry:木莓、山莓、覆盆子、悬钩子第七部分:设备Filtrate(filtration):过滤Two-way Pump:双向泵Screw Pump:螺杆泵Centrifuge:离心机Distillation:蒸馏Heat Exchanger:热交换器Crusher:破碎机Destemer:除梗机Presser:压榨机Atmosphere Presser:气囊压榨机Screw Presser:连续压榨机Filter:过滤机Bottling Line:灌装线Plate Filtration(filter):板框过滤(机)Vacuum Filtration(filter):真空过滤(机)Depth Filtration(filter):深层过滤(机)Cross Filtration(filter):错流过滤(机)Membrane Filtration(filter):膜过滤(机)Sterile Filtration(filter):除菌过滤(机)Pocket Filtration(filter):袋滤(机)Rotary Machine:转瓶机Pomace Draining:出渣Blending:调配Racking:分离(皮渣、酒脚)Decanting:倒灌(瓶)Remuage:吐渣Fining:下胶Deacidification:降酸Pump over:循环Skin Contact:浸皮(渍)Mix colors:调色Oxidative Ageing Method:氧化酿法Reducing Ageing Method:还原酿法Stabilization:稳定性Ullage:未盛满酒的罐(桶)Headspace:顶空NTU:浊度Receiving bin:接收槽Corkscrew:开瓶器Distilling Column:蒸馏塔Condenser:冷凝器Heat Exchanger:热交换器Cork:软木塞Cellar:酒窖Wine Showroom:葡萄酒列室Optical Density(OD):光密度Metal Crown Lid:皇冠盖Blanket:隔氧层Pasteurisation:巴斯德杀菌法第八部分:原料、病虫害、农药Grape Nursery:葡萄苗圃Graft:嫁接苗Scion:接穗Seedling:自根苗Disease:病害Botrytis:灰霉病Downy Mildew:霜霉病Powdery Mildew:白粉病Fan Leaf:扇叶病毒病Anthracnose:炭疽病Mild Powder:灰腐病Black Rotten:黑腐病Noble rot:贵腐病Pearls:皮尔斯病Phylloxera:根瘤蚜Nematode:线虫Bird Damage:鸟害Pest:昆虫Lime Sulphur:石硫合剂Nursery:营养钵Herbicide:除草剂Pesticide:杀虫剂Fungicide:真菌剂Bordeaux mixture:波尔多液Microclimate:微气候Variety:品种Cluster:果穗Rachis:穗轴Scion:接穗Rootstock:砧木Grafting:嫁接第九部分:学科名词Enology:葡萄酒酿造学Pomology:果树学Vinification:葡萄酒酿造法Wine-making:葡萄酒酿造Ampelography:葡萄品种学Viniculture:葡萄栽培学Wine Chemistry 葡萄酒化学Enologist,Winemaker:酿酒师Vintage:年份Inoculation(inoculum):接种(物)MOG(material other than grapes):杂物Terpene:萜烯Terpenol:萜烯醇第十部分葡萄酒等级法国:A.O.C:法定产区葡萄酒V.D.Q.S:优良产区葡萄酒V.D.P:地区餐酒V.D.T:日常餐酒德国:1. Tafelwein:日常餐酒;2. Landwein:地区餐酒;3. Qualitaetswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete:简称QbA,优质葡萄酒;4. Qualitaetswein mit Praedikat:简称QmP,特别优质酒。