新概念英语第三册语法(4)虚拟语气
新概念英语的语法体系
新概念英语的语法体系
新概念英语是一套经典的英语教材，被广泛用于全球英语学习者的教学中。
它由诺曼·刘易斯（N.（H.（Arnold）编写，分为四册，从基础的英语语法和词汇开始，逐渐深入到更复杂的语言使用和交流技巧。
下面是新概念英语中常涉及的一些语法体系：
第一册：
1.基础语法：主要涵盖简单的句子结构、时态 如一般现在时、一般过去时）、形容词、副词、介词和名词等基础语法知识。
2.动词：介绍了一些基础的动词形式、时态和语态，帮助学习者了解如何正确地运用动词。
第二册：
1.从句：开始引入更复杂的句子结构，包括定语从句和状语从句，使学习者能够组织更复杂的句子。
2.情态动词：介绍了情态动词 如can、could、will、would、shall、should、may、might、must等）的用法和意义。
第三册：
1.复合句：进一步拓展学习者对句子结构的理解，包括复杂的句子连接词和句型。
2.间接引语：教授如何将直接引语转换为间接引语，以及相关的语法规则和变化。
第四册：
1.复杂语法：包括虚拟语气、倒装句、被动语态等更复杂的语法
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结构和句型。
2.词汇拓展：这一册更侧重于词汇量的扩展和更高级别的语言运用，帮助学习者提升语言表达的广度和深度。
新概念英语的特点之一是通过逐步引入语法知识，让学习者逐渐掌握并应用英语的基础结构。
每册都有一系列的练习和例句，帮助巩固所学内容，并提供了听力材料帮助学生提高听力水平。
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新概念英语第三册课文重点精讲解析Lesson40~42
【导语】新概念英语作为家喻户晓的经典之作，它有着全新的教学理念，有趣的课⽂内容及其全⾯的技能训练，为⼴⼤的英语学习者提供帮助！如果你也想学好英语，⼜怎能错过新概念英语？下⾯为您提供了相关内容，希望对您有所帮助！新概念英语第三册课⽂重点精讲解析Lesson40 1.It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else. 背诵句型 It为形式主语. 2.Inviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception which no self-respecting student would ever indulge in. 背诵句型 put out 扑灭,熄灭. indulge in 沉迷于 Ex：Many old people indulge in reminiscences of their youth. 3. As soon as he had hung up, he went over to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered them to go away, they were not to take him seriously. As soon as ⼀...就... hung up 挂上电话 go away ⾛开 take him seriously 严肃对待 be to do 结构含义： （1）should Eg: Such a private thing should be avoided. Such a private thing is to be avoided （2）must Eg: No students must leave school without the permission of the police. No students are to leave school without the permission of the police. （3）intend 意图，打算 Eg: We intend to start work next week. We are to start work next week. 4.Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information. 背诵句型 were grateful to sb for sth 因...⽽感激/感谢 Ex：His parents were very grateful to us for informing them of his safe return. 5.When he received a very rude reply from one of the workmen, he threatened to remove them by force. 背诵句型 threatened to 恐吓要做某事 by force 以武⼒ 6.The workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help. 背诵句型 as he pleased 此句为⽅式状从,省略了 to do 7. Shortly afterwards, four more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen. remonstrated with + 表⽰⼈的名词规劝... remonstrated with sb. about/ regarding/ upon/ on sth. 因...⽽规劝某⼈ Ex：His parents remonstrated with him about his bad habits. 8.At this, the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest. 背诵句型 as this 听到 at 是介词,表⽰"⼀...(就)..." 此意思为"⼀听到这话". this 指代其中⼀个⼯⼈威胁要去叫警察这件事. Ex： At the words,he got angry. With the words, he left the room angrily. pointed out ironically 讽刺地指出 hardly be necessary ⼤可不必 under 与名词搭配表⽰⼀种被动的概念 under discussion / arrest / repair 9.Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station. 背诵句型 Pretending to 假装做... make a telephone call 打个电话 10. Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a pay phone. 背诵句型 11.Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax. Only when 直到...才... Only 为副词,起强调作⽤. 只有当Only +状语这样的结构在句⾸时,句⼦(或主句) 的谓语部分才需要使⽤倒装的语序. Ex： Only if you've been through such agony will you believe it. From a scientific point of view, work is done only when the applied force produces motion.新概念英语第三册课⽂重点精讲解析Lesson41 1.City born and city bred. I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasional visit during the weekend. City born and city bred 是两个由"名词+过去分词"构成的合成词, 做形容词使⽤. 此作原因状语. regards...as 把...视为. 相当: think of ...as / refer to ...as you look at... & you occasionally visit... 为定语从句,分别修饰前⾯的 something. 在something与两个定语从句间分别省略了关系连词 that. 2.Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country. 背诵句型 go into raptures 变得欣喜若狂. at the mere mention of ⼀提到 at the sight of ⼀看到 at the touch of ⼀触及到 at the news of ⼀听到 at the sound of ⼀听到 Ex：They went to reptures at the good news. 3. Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life. 背诵句型 be under the illusion 有这样的错觉,其后 that引导⼀个同位语从句. Ex： He is under the illusion that he is always right. be superior to ⽐...优越. 含⽐较之意,⽤与两⼈或两个事物之间的⽐较. be superior to 还可引伸为"不为...影响"、"拒绝"等意, ⽤于此意时,介词可⽤above 替换. Ex： He's superior to bribery. be superior to 表⽰"在...⽅⾯胜过..."时,通常使⽤be superior in... to" OR "be superior to...in ..."这结构. Ex： He felt superior in maths to John. 4.He is forever talking about the friendly people... 这⾥的副词 forever 与正在进⾏时的⼀同使⽤,表⽰作者的不满这样的感情⾊彩. always, forever, constantly, continually 等副词同进⾏时态共⽤, 除表⽰某事常发⽣外, 往往表⽰说话⼈对发⽣的此类事情的不满. 5.Nothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cockcrow, the twittering of birds at dawn, the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures. compared with 将...同...相⽐.⽤于两者间⽐较 cockcrow n. 鸡叫 twitter v. (鸟)吱吱叫，喊喊喳喳叫 glint v. 闪烁 glinting on the trees and pastures 为现在分词短语,在句中作宾语补⾜语. he maintains 他坚持认为. 在句中作插⼊语 6.This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture. 背诵句型 idyllic adj. ⽥园诗的 Ex：He is leading an idyllic life. 7. My friend fails to mention the long and friendless winter evenings in front of the TV -- virtually the only form of entertainment. fails to mention = says nothing about 没有提到...... virtually adv. ⼏乎,差不多 friendless 此处使⽤了暗喻的修辞⼿法,⽤修饰⼈的形容词来修饰事物(winter evenings). 感觉⽣动简洁. 8. Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me. They could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong. 背诵句型 dubious adj. 可疑的;怀疑的 be dubious about/of 对...怀疑,对...不肯定，主要表⽰不肯定的，不确定的 privilege n. 特权 misery n. 苦难 beyond me = be beyond my understanding 我⽆法理解的 are prepared to 愿意做. 其后为名词时, 通常构成为be prepared for... Why 为连接副词,在本句中引导⼀个主语从句. They could be... 此句使⽤了虚拟语⽓. 可翻译为"如果他们选择...他们本可省掉..." 将此句改为主动语态后为: To live in the city could save them so much misery and expense. 句中间接宾语them作主语,⽽直接宾语misery and expense 作为宾语保留在句中. 9. If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer. 背诵句型 do without = go without 没有...也⾏ 10. There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best. 背诵句型 never have to =need not =don't have to make do with 凑合者⽤ 11. Some of my acquaintances in the country come up to town once or twice a year to visit the theatre as a special treat. come up : up ⽤于:由乡下到城镇,由南到北 12. As the play draws to its close draw to its close = near its end 临近结束/尾声 13. The cit dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort. 背诵句型 We can keep ourselves free from the anxieties of this sort which afflict the country dweller. 14. Country people run wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded with as many of the exotic items as they can carry. 背诵句型 run wild 发疯 15. Nor is the city without its moments of beauty. nor ... without 双重否定 The city has got its own beauty.新概念英语第三册课⽂重点精讲解析Lesson42 1.Perhaps it is the desire for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery that lures people down to the depths of the earth. 背诵句型 结构分析: it is the desir e ......or the chance ......that......运⽤了强调了句式，被强调的部分是句⼦的主语:it is the desire ......or the chance eg: It is the desir for knowledge that lures her into the book world. 是她对知识的渴求吸引她⾛进书的海洋。
新概念英语第3册语法之欧阳美创编
新概念第三册语法精粹第一章英语从句Subordination英语从句主要有定语从句，状语从句和名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）一．定语从句1．定语从句：由关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which; 关系副词 when, where, why 引导。
（下面十个句子请读 5遍并脱口译出！）1.The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week.2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now is my friend.3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful.4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in.5. The knee is the joint where the thighbone meets the large bone of the lower leg.6. He still remembers the day when he went to school.7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didn't finish it in time.8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war.9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English.10. In the Sunday paper there are comics, which children enjoy.2．只能用that和who引导的定语从句A．all, nothing, anything, a few, one做先行词指物时B．先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，后面常跟that而不是which.C．先行词前有 the only, the first, the last, the next, the very等词修饰时，引导词只能用that。
公共英语三级语法：虚拟语气
公共英语三级语法：虚拟语气2016年公共英语三级语法：虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
下面我们一起来看看虚拟语气的英语语法解读呗!虚拟语气表示与客观事实相反的假设，由if虚拟条件从句和主句构成。
一、虚拟语气的基本内容根据虚拟与其这种与事实相反的假设所对应的时间不同，虚拟语气的if虚拟条件从句与主句的谓语动词分别有三类构成形式：假设类型If虚拟条件从句主句与现在事实相反 Did/were Would/should do 与过去事实相反 Had done Would/should have done 与将来事实可能相反 Were to do/did/should do Would/should do例：1、I wouldn't talk that way if I were Peter.2、If the whole operation had not been planned before hand,a great deal of time and moneywould have been lost3、Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.4、I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him.5、Do you think there would be less conflict (战斗、斗争) in the world if all people spoke the same language.6、If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time.二、if的省略形式(又称虚拟语气的倒装结构)在if虚拟条件从句中，如果谓语部分包含were，should，had等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前，省略if，构成虚拟语气的倒装结构。
新概念英语第三册虚拟语气课件
Answers for Exercise 3 on page 5 1. David is not a sculptor. If he were, he
would make a sculpture for the exhibition.
2. Sally is not an aggressive woman. If she were, she would be a more successful business woman.
If I were a bird, I could fly in the sky freely. If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the
chance.
条件句的分类
真实条件句：表示现实情况中可能实现的情 况。真实条件句中的谓语动词一般用一般现 在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过 去将来时。
3. If Sam were here, he would be so excited about meeting a famous scholar in the flesh.
4. If I could paint, I would paint you an abstract painting in the style of Matisse.
If条件句中虚拟语气的形式
假设 情况
将来
if从句谓语形式
一般过去式(be用were) should + 动词原形 were to + 动词原形
主句谓语形式
would / should / might / could +
动词原形
现在 过去
一般过去式(be 用 were)
最新整理公共英语三级常见语法：虚拟语气
公共英语三级常见语法：虚拟语气第四节虚拟语气虚拟语气表示与客观事实相反的假设，由i f虚拟条件从句和主句构成。
一、虚拟语气的基本内容根据虚拟与其这种与事实相反的假设所对应的时间不同，虚拟语气的i f虚拟条件从句与主句的谓语动词分别有三类构成形式：假设类型I f虚拟条件从句主句与现在事实相反 D i d/w e r e W o u l d/s h o u l d d o与过去事实相反 H a d d o n e W o u l d/s h o u l d h a v e d o n e与将来事实可能相反 W e r e t o d o/d i d/s h o u l d d oW o u l d/s h o u l d d o例：1、I w o u l d n’t t a l k t h a t w a y i f I w e r e P e t e r.2、I f t h e w h o l e o p e r a t i o n h a d n o t b e e n p l a n n e db e f o r e h a n d,a g r e a t d e a l o f t i m e a n d m o n e yw o u l d h a v e b e e n l o s t3、J e a n d o e s n’t w a n t t o w o r k r i g h t a w a y b e c a u s e s h e t h i n k s t h a t i f s h e w e r e t o g e t a j o b s h e p r o b a b l y w o u l d n’t b e a b l e t o s e e h e r f r i e n d s v e r y o f t e n.4、I w o u l d a s k G e o r g e t o l e n d u s t h e m o n e y i f I k n e w h i m.5、D o y o u t h i n k t h e r e w o u l d b e l e s s c o n f l i c t (战斗、斗争) i n t h e w o r l d i f a l l p e o p l e s p o k e t h e s a m e l a n g u a g e.6、I f B o b h a d c o m e w i t h u s, h e w o u l d h a v e h a d ag o o d t i m e.二、i f的省略形式(又称虚拟语气的倒装结构)在i f虚拟条件从句中，如果谓语部分包含w e r e，s h o u l d，h a d等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前，省略i f，构成虚拟语气的倒装结构。
虚拟语气的三种形式
虚拟语气的三种形式
虚拟语气通常用于wish后的宾语从句中，表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望。
通常有三种形式：
虚拟语气的三种形式
①对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望：主语＋wish＋从句主语＋would(could, might)+动词原形
eg：I wish she would try again.
我希望她能再试一次
②表示与现在事实相反的愿望：主语＋wish（that）＋从句主语＋动词过去式eg：I wish I wasn’t leaving my son.
我希望我没离开我儿子.
③对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时：主语＋wish（that）＋从句主语＋would/could have/had＋过去分词
eg：I wish you had come to my birthday party.
你要是来了我的生日晚会就好了。
从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，与wish的时态无关。
新概念第三册核心语法整理
单元二：倒装句（1）否定词在前的情况完全倒装：谓语部分倒装：助动词（系动词+情态动词）1.no sooner had he arrived than they asked him to l eave again.2.Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.3.Not until he comes back will I go to sl eep(not until 主句部分倒装，从句不倒装)4.Not until 1895 did Cornell University begin to offer a d egree in ornithol ogy.5.Not until linol eum was invented in 1860 did any house have hard-wearing,easy-to-cl ean fl ooring.6.At no time shoul d we divorce ourselves from the masses of the peopl e.(部分倒装)7.Not a singl e paper did he write l ast term.8.Nor for a moment can the man imagine that he woul d die abroad.倒装句（2）让步状语从句形容词/副词/名词+ as/ though +主语+谓语1.much as we may pride ourselves on our god taste, we are no l onger free tochoose the things we want.(副词)2.old as I am, I can still fight.(形容词)3.chil d though he is , he can do some cooking.(名词)动词（原型）+as/though+主语+助动词/情态动词1.try as I might, I coul d not lift the stone.2.Try hard as he will, he never seems abl e to do the word satisfactorily.特殊：as引导的原因状语从句也可以用倒装：tired as she was , I decided not to disturb her.长句：3.great succes s though you have achieved, you must not be conceited.4.Run dry as the see were to and crumble as the rocks were to , I woul d notbreak my promise.5.Only for one year as she has been here, she become quite an expert in thisfiel d.倒装句（3）方位副词前置there, here ,now ,then和up, d own, in , out等副词在句首，要完全倒装1.there appeared on the horizon a man on horseback, riding in my direction.Now comes your luck. Out rushed the littl e boy.主语是代词的时候不用倒装2.here he comes.3.Out he rushed.倒装句（4）补充地点介词短语：1.behind him hang the map.2.In this box is found the book.分词短语：1.lying on the fl oo r was a boy aged about fifteen.2.Discussed in the conference was a proposal to reform income taxes.表语（形容词，过去分词，介词短语）：1.invicible are the forces of the pl2.gone are the days when were student s.3.Among the goods are appl es, oranges, bananas····同位语从句why：my original question why he do it has not been answered.Whether: he was again tortured by the doubt whether he coul d meet Mary at the station.单元三：独立主格结构：表示时间，原因，条件，方式和伴随情况自己主语+无动词分句现在分词：weather permitting, I will start tomorrow.过去分词：his homework done , Jim decided to go and see the pl ay.无动词独立结构：the meal over ,we began to work again.不定式独立结构：the detail s to be worked out l ater, the pl an was approved. With 引导的独立主格结构定语：the woman with a baby on her back is my sister原因状语：with his homework finished , he felt very happy.伴随状语：with his face covered tears, he ran into the room. With tears streaming down her cheeks, she sat there .1.sand is formed by the weathering and d ecomposition of all types of rock, it smost abundant mineral constitution being quart s.2.The job finished ,we went home st raight away.3.Two hundred peopl e died in the accident, many of them chil dren.4.There being nothing el se to do ,we l eft.5.I woul d not dare to go home without the job finished.过去分词作宾语补足语（-ed）See，hear，feel ，find ，think·······1.I saw the student s assembled in the hall.2.They found a beautifully-cooked wall et and notes turned to ash.单元四：原因状语从句：because , sine , as , now that, fornow that= seeing that =in that=considering thatthis machine differs from the other one in that it is more powerful.双重否定never fail to: cat s never fail t o fascinate human beingsnot without: he doesn’t have any meal without meat sno not: there is nothing that he can’t d o.单元五：so that 别忘了还有表示结果的意思：we all arrived at 8:00 so that the meeting began promptly.So···that···倒装：主句部分倒装，that从句不倒装1.So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves , that we are becomingincreasingly l ess dependent on specialized l abour.2.So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus.3.So inferior was the quality of the radio that I took it back and asked for abetter one.4.To such a degree was he hurt that he woul d never forgive you.Such+ a +形容词+ 单数名词=so+形容词+a+单数名词1.He was in such a bedraggl ed condition that an assistant refused to serve him.2.He was in so bedraggl ed a condition that····3.It was so hot a day that we went swimming.4.It is such nice weather that I woul d like to o the beach.(weather为不可数名词，只能用such)特殊：当强调的名词前有many, few, litter时，还是用so1.he took so many cases with him that he had to call a taxi2.he earned so littl e money that he coul d barely support his family.让步状语从句：though although （不能用but，但可以用yet强调转折）though she is not pretty, yet she is very l ovely.单元六：现在分词作状语同时发生：flying over the channel , the pil ot saw a meteorite.动作发生在主句之前：having noted d own our names ,the policeman dismissed us.条件状语：you will only make yourself more tired, keeping on your feet.结果：he applied more water to the fl ower, only making things worse.(结果置于句末，多和only 连用)单元七：woul d rather ···than····接动词原型：pl woul d rather pay l arge sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.It is time / Woul d rather +从句：虚拟语气，宁愿让某人干某事。
新概念英语第三册全部语法.doc
新概念第三册知识点汇总新概念Lesson1-61.When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。
点评：此处that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London是report 的同位语从句。
take sth. seriously 认真对待…2.Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.无论它走到哪里，一路上总会留下一串死鹿以及死兔子之类的小动物。
点评：a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits本是left的宾语，现后置于behind it 之后，显得句子结构更紧凑。
3.It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险的野兽继续逍遥流串，真令人担心。
点评：此句是主语从句，it是形式主语，实际主语是that从句。
at large 为自由的，未受管制的意思。
4.The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since.教堂的钟很大，以前不分昼夜地打点报时，但在很多年前遭到毁坏，从此便无声无息了。
虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示非真实的假设，或者用来表示命令、建议或说话人的主观愿望。
一、非真实条件中的虚拟语气非真实条件就是违背事实情况的假设，包括违背现在事实的假设，违背过去事实的假设，以及将来不可能发生或虽有可能发生但说话人主观上不希望发生的假设。
最后这一种假设简称为违背将来的假设。
在这三种情况下，条件从句和主句中的谓语动词采取下列虚拟形式。
虚拟语气中主句中的第一人称用should，第二、三人称用would。
但在美国英语中，第一人称也可用would。
此外，主句中也可用情态动词could或might代替should或would。
在条件句中，如果动词是be，在违背现在的事实时，各个人称均用were。
但在非正式文体中，特别是在口语中，第一、三人称单数用was的时候也不少。
在违背将来事实的条件从句中，"should ＋动词原形"及"were ＋不定式"两种谓语动词形式适用于所有的人称。
1．违背现在事实的假设If the earth had no gravity，the moon would fly to the sun．假如地球没有引力，月球就要向太阳飞去。
If I were you ，I would reconsider their proposal．我要是你，就重新考虑他们的建议。
2．违背过去事实的假设If I had left a little earlier，I would have caught the train．我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。
If she hadn't taken your advice，she would have made a serious mistake．她要不是听了你的劝告，就犯大错误了。
3．可能违背将来事实的假设这里指的是将来不大可能发生的假设，或者虽有可能发生，但说话人主观上不希望发生的假设。
新概念英语第三册语法汇总和习题
语法第一节时态和语态（一）时态1.一般现在时do/does2.现在进行时be(is am are) doing3.一般过去时did4.过去进行时was/were doing5.现在完成时has/have done6.过去完成时had done7.一般将来时shall/will do8.过去将来时should/would do9.现在完成进行时has/have been doing10.过去完成进行时had been doing11.将来进行时shall/will be doing12.过去将来进行时should/would be doing13.将来完成时shall/will have done14.过去将来完成时should/would have done15.将来完成进行时shall/will have been doing16.过去将来完成进行时should /would have been doing（1）一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作I always travel by underground.表示现在状况He is ill now.表示客观真理The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.表示计划或安排将要做的事情The concert begins at 7 pm.（2）一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生动作She bought her friend a present yesterday.表示过去一段时间经常性动作He often played football when he was young.（3）一般将来时表示将要发生的动作，will用于各种人称; shall只用于第一人称I shall/will get better grades next time.Your parents will be glad to hear that you return home."am / is / are going to+动词原形”用来表示事先考虑过的将要发生的动作Jean is going to meet me at the airport.”be doing”表示根据现在计划或安排做某事I am taking Jane out of dinner tonight.be+(about) to do, 表示近期内要做的事情注意：不能与时间状语连用The new school year is about to start.难点：主将从现时间状语从句：when, whenever, since, till, once, as soon as, while, as ,before, afterI will be an English teacher when I grow up.条件状语从句：if, unless, as long as, so long asIf I have extra money, I will pay the bill for you.（4）现在进行时目前在做的动作He is studying physics very hard these days.现阶段在进行动作I hear you are writing a novel.与always, forever, constantly，continually表达有感情色彩的词汇He is forever asking silly questions like a stupid guy.（5）过去进行时过去某个时刻正在进行动作We were taking photos on the mountains.过去某段时间内的动作I was talking about the new book yesterday morning.（6）将来进行时将来某个时刻正在进行动作When I get home, my mother will be cooking dinner.计划将来要发生的事情She will be studying French at college this time next year.（7）现在完成时已经完成某事，过去的动作对现在有影响We have just e back from the United States.表示过去某一行为持续到现在，可能继续持续下去They have been best mates since school.have been to 曾去过某地，现在已经不在have gone to 已经去了某地，现在可能还在去的路上My father has been to Beijing.My father has gone to Beijing.固定句型：It is the+序数词+time that sb have/has done sth“这是某人第几次去......”It is the first time that his painting has been displayed to the public.（8）过去完成时“过去的过去”：过去某个时间开始一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作I had read half of the book by yesterday.By the time they finished the job, we had reached more.固定句型：It was the+序数词+time that sb had done sth“这是某人第几次去......”It was the second time that I had met the same kind of problem.固定句型：no sooner+过去完成时+than+一般过去时hardly+过去完成时+when+一般过去时scarcely+过去完成时+when+一般过去时“一......就......”They had no sooner reached the office than it began to rain.=They had hardly reached the office when it began to rain.=They had scarcely reached the office when it began to rain.表示过去未曾实现的愿望，与动词intend, mean, plan, hope, wish, want, think, expect 连用I had meant to e ,but something happened.（9）现在完成进行时过去某一时间开始持续到现在，并且继续持续下去I have been waiting for an hour, but he still hasn’t turned up.（10）将来完成时表示将来某时刻之前或某动作前已经发生的动作We shall/wiil have met that manager by next Monday.表示一个持续到将来某时之前或某动作发生之前的动作By next Monday, she will have studied here for three years.（11）过去完成进行时过去某个时间或动作之前一直进行的动作He had been writing this novel up to that time.（12）过去将来时：过去某事看将来要发生的动作John said he would have a rest the next day.（二）语态（1）英语语态：主动语态、被动语态He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。
新概念英语第三册语法精粹(四)：虚拟语气
新概念英语第三册语法精粹(四)：虚拟语气1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟：If did / were ..., ... wouldshouldcould do （动词原形）mightIf I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it now.)2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟：If had done ..., ... would (might) have done ...If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you.(I didn't know your telephone number.)If you had come here a littleearlier just now, you might have met her.(You didn't come here earlier.)3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟：(1) If should v., ... would v.（可能性很小）（译作“万一”）If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.If I should fail, what should Ido?(2) If did / were to v ..., would v.（完全不可能）If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.4. 金牌特殊重点：！！［简单联想记忆］：● 下列动词后的“宾语从句”中需要用虚拟形式，即should 动词原形，shoud在美国英语中要省略（TOEFL语法考点）。
新概念英语虚拟语气语法讲解
新概念英语虚拟语气语法讲解新概念英语虚拟语气语法讲解虚拟语气用来表示假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
那么下面是店铺为大家分享整理的新概念英语虚拟语气语法讲解，欢迎大家阅读浏览。
虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：1、虚拟条件句。
2、名词性虚拟语气。
3、虚拟语气的其他用语。
一、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。
1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：If 主语+过去时，主语+should(could, would, 或might)+动词原形，如：If I were you, I would study hard.If it rained, I would not be here now.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：If 主语+had+过去分词，主语+should(could, would, 或might)+have+过去分词，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：If 主语+should(were to, 过去时)+do，主语+should(could...)+原形do，如：If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.注意问题：1、If条件句中绝对不可出现"would"。
初中英语知识点归纳虚拟语气的用法和表达
初中英语知识点归纳虚拟语气的用法和表达虚拟语气是初中英语中的一个重要语法知识点，用法多样，非常灵活。
在本文中，我将对虚拟语气的用法和表达进行归纳和总结。
一、虚拟语气的定义和分类虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）是英语中一种特殊的语气，用来表达与事实相反或假设的情况。
根据不同的情况，虚拟语气可以分为三种类型：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气、与过去事实相反的虚拟语气以及与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。
1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气与现在事实相反的虚拟语气常常用于表达非真实情况的假设、建议、要求等。
常见的表达方式有：1) If引导的虚拟条件句：If I were you, I would study harder.2) 以动词wish引导的虚拟语气句型：I wish I had a car.3) “It’s time (that)…”结构：It’s time we went to bed.2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气与过去事实相反的虚拟语气常用于表达对过去事件的假设、愿望、建议等。
常见的表达方式有：1) If引导的虚拟条件句：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.2) 以动词wish引导的虚拟语气句型：I wish I had gone to the party.3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气与将来事实相反的虚拟语气常用于表达对将来事件的假设、猜测等。
常见的表达方式有：1) If引导的虚拟条件句：If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.2) “Suppose/supposing (that)…”句型：Suppose it doesn’t stop raining, what will we do?二、虚拟语气的应用场景和注意事项1. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用条件句中的虚拟语气常常用于表示与事实相反的情况。
新概念三四册基本语法总结
新概念三四册基本语法总结新概念三四册基本语法总结(一):形容词定义：形容词是用来修饰名词的词，描述名词的性质、外观、特点等。
功能：形容词可以做定语、表语或补助语。
分类：主要分为两类：描绘性形容词和限定性形容词。
● 描绘性形容词主要用来描绘大、小、新旧、颜色、质量等。
● 限定性形容词主要用来限定所修饰词的数量、距离及范围所属等。
1.当形容词修饰单数可数名词时，必须与冠词连用： a lovely girl, the naughty boy2.形容词可与系动词连用，做表语，说明主语的性状。
常用系动词有：be，become，seem，appear，feel，look，taste，smell，sound，remain，go，turn，keep，stay, etc.The dish tastes delicious.小心陷阱feel，smell，taste，look，keep有时可以用作实义动词，并可以用副词修饰。
He looked me up and down carefully.I tasted the soup slowly to see whether it was salty.3.形容词用作后置定语。
(一般的形容词修饰名词时放在名词前面，但有些形容词修饰名词时放在名词的后面)a river navigable(一条可通航的河)sight visible可见的景象person responsible(负责人)注意：responsible person(有责任心的人)the best way possible(尽可能好的办法) the number necessary(必要的数量)4.只能作表语的形容词I.某些表示健康状况的形容词。
well(身体好的)，ill(病的)，faint(虚弱的)，poorly(身体不好的)示例：His mother has been ill for a long time.特别注意：sick是个特例。
语法进阶虚拟语气的三种形态
语法进阶虚拟语气的三种形态在学习语法的过程中，虚拟语气是一个相对复杂的概念。
它是一种特殊的语法形态，用来表达一种假设、愿望、建议或者可能性。
虚拟语气可以分为三种形态：与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句和与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。
接下来将逐一介绍这三种形态。
与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的假设情况。
这种形态通常使用“如果”或“要是”引导，谓语动词使用过去时态，而主句使用与过去时态相对应的情态动词。
例如：“如果我有钱，我就买辆新车。
”。
在该句中，“我有钱”与现实情况相反，因此使用了虚拟语气。
与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设情况。
这种形态通常使用“如果”或“要是”引导，谓语动词使用过去完成时态，而主句使用“would/could/should + have + 过去分词”的形式。
例如：“如果我昨天早点起床，我就不会迟到了。
”。
在该句中，“我昨天早点起床”与过去事实相反，因此使用了虚拟语气。
与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设情况。
这种形态通常使用“如果”或“要是”引导，谓语动词使用现在时态，而主句使用“would/could/should + 动词原形”的形式。
例如：“如果明天下雨，我们就不去郊游了。
”。
在该句中，“明天下雨”与将来事实相反，因此使用了虚拟语气。
虚拟语气在语言表达中具有重要的作用，它可以用来表示假设、愿望、建议或者可能性。
通过掌握这三种形态的用法，我们可以更加准确地表达自己的意思，并丰富语言表达的方式。
总结来说，虚拟语气是一种用来表达假设、愿望、建议或者可能性的语法形态。
它可以分为与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句和与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句三种形态。
通过练习和实践，我们可以逐渐掌握和应用这些形态，从而提升我们的语言表达能力。
新概念英语第三册课后优秀习题答案
新概念英语第三册课后优秀习题答案新概念英语第三册课后优秀习题答案1.C2.D3.A have sth done / get sth out of4.B plenty仅用于肯定句中, much用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句。
5.Badvise sb to do sthadvise sb that...-- that引导的宾语从句必须要出现should+动词原形（虚拟语气）-- I advise my students that they should read English for more than an hour.6.D doing?sth…when如果句中的'when表达的概念是：就在这时、恰恰这时、正当此时, 那么其的主句结构往往采用进行时态7.A? ??neither/nor：也不（用于句首句子必须倒装）8.C put sth.+ prep.（-- put the book in the bookcase / put the book on the desk）9.A durable（adj.耐用的, 持久的）-- durable clothing 耐穿的衣服 / durable goods 耐用品10.Ctour n.旅行, v.旅行in?turn 轮流地（-- I think we should clean our classroom in return.）cycle n.周期, 循环, 自行车 circle n.圆圈, 环状物-- draw?a?circle 画一个圆圈 / the?cycle?of?the?seasons 四季的循环11.B strictly adv.严格地, 确实地well and truly = completely-- Tom was well and truly drunk. 汤姆烂醉如泥。
-- drunk adj.喝醉了的（drink 的过去分词）by?no?means (无论如何)决不= in?no?way（adv.决不）= on?no?account（adv.决不）= in?no?sense（adv.决不）12.B move vt.移动, 感动embarrass vt.使窘迫；使为难-- They look at each other embarrassed.Distress v.使悲痛, 使穷困, 使忧伤-- Please don‘t distress yourself.-- He was most distressed to hear the sad news.【新概念英语第三册课后优秀习题答案】。
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新概念英语第三册语法精粹(四):虚拟语气
虚拟语气用来表达不可能或难以实现的愿望，与事实相反的假设，通常分为基本的三种形式。
1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟：
If + did / were + ..., ... would
should
could + do (动词原形)
might
If I were you, I would go abroad at once. (I am not you.)
If he knew it now, he could help me. (He doesn't know it now.)
2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟：
If + had done + ..., ... would (might) have done ...
If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you.
(I didn't know your telephone number.)
If you had come here a littleearlier just now, you might have met her.
(You didn't come here earlier.)
3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟：
(1) If + should + v., ... would + v.
(可能性很小)(译作“万一”)
If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.
If I should fail, what should Ido?
(2) If + did / were to + v ..., would + v.
(完全不可能)
If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.
If you finished it in 3 minutes, I would give you my car.
4. 金牌特殊重点：!!
[简单联想记忆]：
● 下列动词后的“宾语从句”中需要用虚拟形式，即should + 动词原形，shoud在美国英语中要省略(TOEFL语法考点)。
此类常见的动词有：order, ask, decide, demand, require, recommend, suggest(建议)insist(坚决要求)，advise, etc.
例句：He suggested that we (should) help them with English.
The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be finished within half an hour.
● 下列名词后的同位语从句中要用“should + 动词原形”(should可省去)的虚拟。
suggestion, order, request, demand, importance, proposal.
He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dress party.
I think it is a thing of importance that it (should) be done soon.
● It is / was important / necessary / natural / essential / advisable / strange / surprising, ect. + that +主语+ should + v.
It is strange that you should say such a thing.
It was important that you should tell me all the information.
● wish后的宾语从句中，as if 后的状语从句中，须用下列的虚拟形式：
主 + wish+ (that) + 主 + did / were(指现在)
haddone(指过去)
would+ v.(指将来)
Iwishthat I met my uncle now.
IwishI had met my uncle yesterday.
IwishI could meet my uncle tomorrow.
● It is (high) time that ... + did / were ... It is time that you went to bed.
● would rather that ... + did / were ...
I would rather that you were not here now.
● would sooner that ... + did / were ...
I would sooner that you got up earlier.
I would sooner that you were not my brother.。