人教版初中英语被动语态

一. 何时使用被动语态 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 Paper is made from wood. He was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时
Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away. He was awarded first prize in that contest.
Discusion: the active voice 主动语态 & the passive voice被动语态 1. 什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？ 2. 主动语态和被动语态的动词结构是怎样的？
语态动词 时态 结构 一般现在时
主动语态
被动语态
一般过去时
3. 主动语态句子变成被动语态句子哪三个部分 要变？怎么变？
Twenty more keys have been made by us. 现在完成时：
S+ have/has + been+过去分词
7．I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night． My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night. 过去进行时：
The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.
• They often use computers in class.
Computers are often used by them in class.
• We make these machines in Beijing.
These machines are made in Beijing.
1.They make shoes in that factory.
主语+及物动词+宾语 Shoes are made factory. 一般现在时： (by them) in that
S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词
情态动词：
S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词
4.They will finish the work in ten days.
The work will be finished (by them)
in ten days.
一般将来时： S+ will+be+过去分词
5.
Passive Voice 被动语态
羊祜学校 孟琪
(一) 语 态 分 类 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者， 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受” 等词用来表示被动，而英语用：be + 及物动词的 过去分词构成。
passive
Exercise ：
1.The key ______for locking the classroom door. B A.uses B. is used C.is using D.use B 2.A new school _______over there two years ago. A. built B. was built C. build D. builds 3.The lost child ______ on October 7,1998. A A.was found B. is found C. found D. find C 4.A talk on Chinese history________in the school hall yesterday. A.is given B.give C.was given D. gave
3.为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使 用被动语 态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动 语态，使句子得以更好的安排。
The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.
Electricity is used to run 百度文库achines.
I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night. She was heard to move about in her room uptairs last night. Did you see Jack take away the magazine? Was Jack seen to take away the magazine?
S+ was/were+being+过去分词
Exercise ： 1.They play basketball in their school.(改为被动语态) Basketball______ _______in their school by them. is played
2. The naughty boy broke the window. was broken The window ______ _______ by the naughty boy. 3. People speak English all over the world. is English ______ spoken by people all over the _______ world.
1.Many students study English. English is studied by many students.
2.They make shoes in that factory. Shoes are made by themin that factory.
3.The teacher often asks him questions.
Exercise ：translate the following sentences
1. 这些照片是上星期拍的 。
These photos were taken last week.
2. 这本书是鲁迅写的。
This book was written by Lu Xun.
3. 史密斯一家被邀请参加了派对。 The Smiths were invited to the party. 4. 长江也叫扬子江。 The Changjiang River is also called theYangteze River.
（2) make, let, have, hear, watch, see, feel, notice. H 既动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不 加to,变为被动,必须加to .
My brother often made me do this and that when I was young. I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young.
• 3.Tom closed the shop just now.
The shop closed Tom just now. X The shop was closed (by Tom) just now. √
2 含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。
（1） 将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。
They call her XiaoLi. She is called XiaoLi.
The light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison in 1897
主语
谓语
by+动作实施者
状语
• They play football on Sunday.
Football is played by them on Sunday.
• Lucy does the homework in the evening.
Discusion 1: the active voice 主动语态
& the passive voice被动语态 什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？ 主语是动作的执行者就用主动语态
主语是动作的承受者就用被动语态
We study English at school.
English is studied by us at school.
一般现在时 主 + am / is / are + done 一般将来时 主 + will be + done 一般过去时 含情态动词主 + 情态动词 + be done 主 + was / were + done
现在完成时 主 + have/has been + done 过去进行时 主 + was/were being + done
Some workers are painting the rooms now．
The rooms are being painted by some workers now. 现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词
6．We have made twenty more keys．
2. They term．
bought
ten computers last
Ten computers were bought (by them) last term. 一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词
3．Amy can take good care of Gina ．
Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.
p.t.
am is are
was
+ p.p.
一般过去时
+ p.p.
were
Decide if these sentences are active or passive.
1. We call the doctor. 2. People don’t play football here. 3. The truck was cleaned yesterday. 4. Mr Chen teaches us English. 5. The classroom was cleaned. active active passive active
He is asked questions by the teacher.
主动变被动解题步骤
1. 主动语态中的宾语转换为被动语态中的主语 2. 主动语态中的动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词 3. 主动语态中的主语如果需要放在by后面 4. 其他成分 保持不变 Thomas Edison invented the light bulb 主语 谓语 宾语 in 1897. 状语
Summary ：
1. 什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？
2. 主动语态和被动语态的动词结构是怎样的？
语态动词 时态 结构 一般现在时 一般过去时 主动语态 被动语态
3. 主动语态句子变成被动语态句子哪三个部 分要变？怎么变？
被动语态: 我们知道, 被动语态是由be + done(动词的过去分词)构成的 被动语态构成比较
主动语态 我们用木头做家具。
那只老鼠被猫抓住了
被动语态
被动语态 相机是用来照相的。
Discusion 2:
the active voice 主动语态
& the passive voice被动语态
语态动词 时态 结构
the active voice
the passive voice
一般现在时
v v+ s es
过去完成时 主 +had been + done
现在进行时 主 +am/is/are being + done
过去将来时 主 + would be + done
说明(1)done表示动词的过去分词(2)下划线的词为助动词
• 1.I washed my clothes once a day.
I was washed my clothes once a day. X My clothes was washed (by me) once a √ day. • 2.They took Jim to the hospital. They was took Jim to the hospital. X Jim was taken to the hospital by them. √