名词性从句常见错误例析

名词性从句中要注意的几个问题
一.名词性从句中主句和从句的主谓一致、语序
主语从句做主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。

如：
When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。

如：
He asked me what was the matter with me.
We’ve heard the news that well move into the new house.
二.名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,
结构为should + do, should 可省略
1.He gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.
2.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.
三.whatever/whoever 的功用：
Whatever/whoever可引导主语，宾语，表语从句，并在从句中做主语，宾语，表语。

这种用法中，whatever/whoever 不含疑问意义。

Whatever=anything that; whoever=anyone who 1. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished.
Anyone who breaks the law is to be punished.
2. They will do whatever he wants them to do.
They will do anything that he wants them to do.
疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别：
①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。

Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。

如：
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,
Whatever you do, you must do it well.
③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。

No matter what you do, you must do it well.
No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
No matter+疑问词可换成疑问词+ever
四.几个固定句式：
①强调句It is/was +强调部分＋that…….(如果强调部分是疑问词)
Who is it that spoke first?
When was it that they came here?
②关于doubt
sb. doubt if/whether…..
sb. don’t/doesn’t that …….
Ther e is no doubt that …….
There is no doubt that he will win the game.
③疑问词＋do you think+(用陈述句语序)
Who do you think we invited to give us the talk?
名词性从句常见错误例析
1.【误】 He will come back surprises all of us.
【正】 That he will come back surprises all of us.
【析】 that引导名词性从句时,尽管无意义也不充当成分,但除了在动词后引导单个宾语从句时可省略外,其它情况不能省略。

2.【误】 That he really means is what he doesn’t agree with us.
【正】 What he really means is that he doesn’t agree with us.
【析】 that和what均可引导名词性从句，区别在于：what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语，而that在名词性从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。

误句的主语从句应该用what 作means的宾语，表语从句中应该用that，that在从句中不作任何成分。

3.【误】 The news which our team had won pleased everyone.
【正】 The news that our team had won pleased everyone.
【析】 which在此句中不充当成分，说明从句不是定语从句而是同位语从句。

同位语从句不能用which引导，故改为that。

4.【误】 The reason why he failed in the exam was because he was too careless.
【正】 The reason why he failed in the exam was that he was too careless.
【析】主语为reason时，引导表语从句的关联词一般用that，不用because，构成The reason why/for which/that/for . . . is that . . . 句型。

because引导名词性从句只用于
It/This/That is because . . . 结构。

5.【误】 It is unknown that where we will have the meeting.
【正】 It is unknown where we will have the meeting.
【析】名词性从句一般只能用一个引导词，连接词that与连接副词不可并用。

6.【误】 The problem is when will he come back.
【正】 The problem is when he will come back.
【析】名词性从句应该用陈述句语序，即“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语”。

7.【误】 Could you tell me which was the way to the Science Museum?
【正】 Could you tell me which is the way to the Science Museum?
【析】当主句为过去时态的时候，宾语从句中要用过去的某种时态。

但该句中的could不是表示过去，而是表示一种委婉的语气，故宾语从句中的谓语动词应用一般时态。

8.【误】 If he is an engineer is unknown.
【正】 Whether he is an engineer is unknown.
【析】 if不能用来引导主语从句，在表示“是否”这一意义时要用whether。

9.【误】 I have been worrying about if I have hurt her feelings.
【正】 I have been worrying about whether I have hurt her feelings.
【析】 if和whether引导动词后的宾语从句时可互换。

但介词后的宾语从句及主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只能用whether引导。

10.【误】 What he needs are enough time and what I need is enough books.
【正】 What he needs is enough time and what I need are enough books.
【析】名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。

但what引导主语从句时，若表语为单数名词或不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数；若表语为可数名词复数，则谓语动词常用复数。

11.【误】 No matter who comes to visit the exhi-bition is welcome.
【正】 Whoever comes to visit the exhibition is welcome.
【析】“No matter + 疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，“wh- + ever”既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。

12.【误】 I’ll make known to all that you were not honest.
【正】 I’ll make it known to all that you were not honest.
【析】当宾语从句前有形容词或名词作宾补时，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。

其句式为：主语 + 动词 + 形式宾语it + 宾补（形容词或名词）+ 宾语从句。

又如：I found it quite pleasant that I worked with him.
13.【误】 He is said that he has gone to America.
【正】 It is said that he has gone to America.
【析】 It is said that是一固定句型，it为形式主语，不可用其他词代替。

14. 【误】 My suggestion is that we will learn more words by heart.
【正】 My suggestion is that we should learn more words by heart.
【析】主语为suggestion, advice, order, proposal等名词时，表语从句要用虚拟语气，即用“（should）+ 动词原形”的结构。

这些名词的同位语从句也要用虚拟语气。

15.【误】 Why we decided to put off the meeting is because we had some difficulty in preparing it.
【正】Why we decided to put off the meeting is that we had some difficulty in preparing it.
【析】why引导主语从句时，表语从句要用that引导。

练习一：单句改错
1.That the earth turns around the sun are known to all.
2.When the meeting will be held haven’t been known yet.
3.I didn’t know that you will come.
4.He said that he is writing a story.
5.Could you tell me when will he arrive?
6.You can begin to see why does English have such strange rules.
练习二：用that / what填空：
1.______ he wants is a book.
2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious.
3.The result is ______ we won the game.
4.This is _____ we want to know.
5.Is _____ he told us true ?
6.We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is
saying.
7. I have no doubt _____ he will come.
8. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon.
9._____ has made China_____ it is now.
用if / whether填空
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2.______ we will hold a party in the open air
tomorrow depends on the weather.
3. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
4. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not.
5. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.
6. The question is _________ he should do it.
7.The doctor can hardly answer the question
______ the old man will recover soon.
8. I don’t know _______ to go.
9.______ you are not free tomorrow, I’ll go without you.
用that /( that)填空：
1.I don’t think ________ she is coming.
2.It is a pity ________ he has made such a mistake.
3.The reason is _________ he is careless .
4.The news ________ our team won the match
inspired us.
5.I don’t think it necessary _________ you should
read English aloud.
6.He told me __________ his father had died
and __________ he had to make a living alone.
用that/ whether / where/ how填空
1. I have no idea _________ he comes from.
2. He can’t answer the question ________ he
got the money.
3.He gave us many suggestions ________ we
should get up earlier and take more exercise.
4.I have no doubt ________ he will win.
5. I have some doubt ________ he will win.
练习三：区别同位语从句/定语从句
1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.
2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.
3.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted
into university.
4.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.
5 I heard about the news that he got a full mark in this examination.
6. This is good news that I heard from Mary.
7. He can’t answer the question how he got the money.
8. This is an easy question that he answered in class.
练习五：名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系：
1. He has done what he can to help me.
--He has done ____ ____ he can to help me.
2.What I want to say has nothing to do with it.
--____ ____ I want to say has nothing to do
with it.
3. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished.
______ ______ breaks the law is to be punished.
4. He will give the dictionary to whoever needs if most.
He will give the dictionary to ______ ____ needs it most.
5. We’ll remember whomever we turned to for help.
We’ll remember ______ ________ we turned to for help.
6. They will do whatever he wants them to do.
They will do ______ ______he wants them to do.
7. I’ll read whichever book you give me.
I’ll read ____ of the books _____ you give me.
练习四：
1.It now appears ______ they are in need of help.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. how
2.It is good news ______ they will arrive in a few days.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. how
3.It ______ Joe drives badly.
A. thought that
B. thinks that
C. is thought what
D. is thought that
4.It ______ he is late for class.
A. may that
B. might that
C. may be that
D. might be what
5.This is ______ she was born.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. what
6.The question is ______ we can’t go there today.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. when
7.The question is ______ it is worth doing.
A. if
B. whether
C. which
D. what
8.The reason he has made such great progress is _______ he has never wasted his time.
A. because
B. why
C. that
D. what
9.My suggestion is ______ we should turn the land into rice fields.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. where
10.His proposal is that the dam ______ at the foot of the mountain.
A. build
B. will build
C. be built
D. will be built
11.My advice is that he ______ regular house.
A. keep
B. would keep
C. keeps
D. kept
12.______ knows the truth will tell you about it.
A. Who that
B. Whoever
C. Whom that
D. That who
13.We all know the truth _____ the earth goes round the sun.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. whether
14.We heard the news ______ our team had won.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. where
15.The problem ______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.
A. which
B. that
C. whether
D. if
16.You must do well ______ the teacher asks you to do.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where。