定语从句十大易错点

例析定语从句十大易错点

定语从句是中学英语教学中的一个重要语法项目，也是历届高考的热点所在。笔者现将定语从句易出错的地方归纳为以下几点，希望对大家有所帮助。易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用

例1. I’ll never forget the days when I spent in New York with you.

例2. I’ll never forget the days which I visited New York with you.

析：例1 中的when 应改为which 或that ；例2 中的which 应改为when .区分关系代词和关系副词的关键是看它们在定语从句中所充当的成分。如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语，就应考虑使用关系代词，如例 1 ；若定语从句中缺少状语，就应考虑使用关系副词，如例 2 . 易错点二：固定句式出差错

例3. Mary is so lovely a girl as everybody loves her.

例4. Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves.

析：例3 中的as 应改为that ；例4 中的that 应改为as . so…as 或so…that 为固定句式，前者为as 引导的定语从句，as 在定语从句中作宾语或主语，如例4 ；后者为that 引导的结果状语从句，该从句的成分是完整的，不缺少主语或宾语，如例3 .类似的固定句式还有the same…as （that），such…as ，as…as 等。易错点三：主谓不一致

例5. Tom is one of the students who likes swimming.

例6. Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming.

析：例5 中的likes 应改为like ；例6 中的like 应改为likes .在“one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”结构中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，故谓语动词要用复数形式，如例 5 ；在“the （only）one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”结构中，先行词是one ，而不是复数名词，故谓语动词要用单数形式，如例 6 . 易错点四：与强调句型及其他句型的混合

例7. Was it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen？

例8. You’d better make a mark at where you have any questions.

析：例7 中第一个that 应改为where ；例8 中应去掉at .例7 为带有定语从句的强调句，you bought the recorder 为定语从句，其引导词应用where ，后面第二个that 才是强调句中的that ，此句可还原为：You lost your pen in the shop where you bought the recorder .例8 为where 引导的地点状语从句。易错点五：对先行词概念不明确

例9. It this library that you visited yesterday？

例10. Is this the library where you visited yesterday？

析：例9 中应在library 后加the one ；例10 中的where 应去掉或改为that 或which .在例9 中，this library 是主语，is 是谓语，that 引导的是定语从句，但没有先行词，故应补加先行词；在例10 中，the library 是先行词，定语从句缺少宾语，故应用that 或which 来引导，当然也可以省略。易错点六：特殊名词作先行词时关系词的选取错误

例11. I don’t like the way which you speak to her.

例12. I don’t care for pay. I just want to get a job that I can be greatly valued.

析：例11 中应在which 前加in 或将which 改为that 或去掉；例12 中的that 应改为where 或in which .在定语从句中，有些特殊名词作先行词时其关系词的选取有一定的特殊性，如way 作先行词时，其引导词可用that 或in which 或省略，如例11 ；与way 相似的还有job ，situation ，point ，case 等作先行词时，关系词常用where 或in which ，如例12 . 易错点七：忽略as 和which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别

例13. He failed in the exam again，which was expected.

例14. He failed in the exam again，as was not what he had expected.

析：例13 中的which 应改为as ；例14 中的as 应改为which . as 和which 虽然都可

引导非限制性定语从句，但仍有以下三点区别：（1 ）as 有“正如；就像”之意，而which 没有；（ 2 ）as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首、句中或句末，而which 只能置于句末；（3 ）如果非限制性定语从句是否定句时，只能用which 引导。易错点八：忽略that 和which 引导限制性定语从句的区别

例15. This is the most exciting football game which I have ever seen.

例16. Here are the samples that —had I thought of it —you could have taken with you yesterday.

析：例15 中的which 应改为that ；例16 中的that 应改为which .当先行词被最高级、序数词修饰或先行词本身是不定代词时，只能用what 来引导定语从句，如例15 ；当关系词后面有插入成分时，只能用which 来引导定语从句，如例16 . 易错点九：介词前置出差错

例17. The two things with which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. 例18. Tell him all the things to which he should pay attention.

析：例17 中的with 应改为about 或of ；例18 中应把to 移到attention 的后面。在定语从句中前置的介词必须和后面的动词或形容词构成固定搭配，如例17 ；但并不是所有的固定搭配中的介词都可前置，如例18 . 易错点十：which 和whose 的意义不明确

例19. The book which cover is broken is of great help to all of us.

例20. The book of whose cover is broken is of great help to all of us.

析：例19 中的which 应改为whose ；例20 中的whose 应改为which .在定语从句中，关系代词which 不能在定语从句中作定语，但whose 可作定语，“whose + n ”相当于“the + n + of which ”或“of which + the + n ”。

本文转自：中小学教育资源站（ ）原文链接：/gaokao/gaokaoti/gao2/200802/19523.html

Ⅰ、定语从句中宜用that，不宜用which的情况

在定语从句中，which和that在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that，而不宜用which的情况。

被修饰的先行词为不定代词，如all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等。如：

As we all know, all that can be done has been done. 正如我们大家所知，一切能做的事都做了。

“Is there anything (that) I can do for you?” he asked me.

We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。

There’s nothing that can be said about it. 有关这件事，已没什么可说的。