定语从句易错点

定语从句易错点
集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用。

例 1. I’ll never forget
the days when I spent in New York with you. 例 2. I’ll never forget the days which I visited New York with you.
析：例 1 中的 when 应改为 which 或 that ;例 2 中的 which 应改为when .区分关系代词和关系副词的关键是看它们在定语从句中所充当的
成分。

如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语，就应考虑使用关系代词，如例
1 ;若定语从句中缺少状语，就应考虑使用关系副词，如例
2 .
易错点二：固定句式出差错。

例 3. Mary is so lovely a girl as everybody loves her. 例 4. Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves. 析：例 3 中的 as 应改为 that ;例 4 中的
that 应改为 as . so…as 或 so…that 为固定句式，前者为 as 引导
的定语从句， as 在定语从句中作宾语或主语，如例 4 ;后者为 that
引导的结果状语从句，该从句的成分是完整的，不缺少主语或宾语，如
例 3 .类似的固定句式还有 the same… as (that) ， such…as ，as…as 等。

易错点三：主谓不一致。

例 5. Tom is one of the students who
likes swimming. 例 6. Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming. 析：例 5 中的 likes 应改为 like ;例 6 中的 like 应改为 likes .在“ one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，故谓语动词要用复数形式，如例 5 ;
在“ the (only) one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，先行词是one ，而不是复数名词，故谓语动词要用单数形式，如例 6 .
易错点四：与强调句型及其他句型的混合。

例 7. Was it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen 例 8. You’d better make a mark at where you have any questions.
析：例 7 中第一个 that 应改为 where ;例 8 中应去掉 at .例 7 为
带有定语从句的强调句， you bought the recorder 为定语从句，其引导词应用 where ，后面第二个 that 才是强调句中的 that ，此句可还原为： You lost your pen in the shop where you bought the recorder .例 8 为 where 引导的地点状语从句。

易错点五：对先行词概念不明确。

例 9. It this library that you visited yesterday 例 10. Is this the library where you visited yesterday 析：例 9 中应在 library 后加 the one ;例
10 中的 where 应去掉或改为 that 或 which .在例 9 中， this library 是主语， is 是谓语， that 引导的是定语从句，但没有先行词，故应补加先行词;在例 10 中， the library 是先行词，定语从句
缺少宾语，故应用 that 或 which 来引导，当然也可以省略。

易错点六：特殊名词作先行词时关系词的选取错误。

例 11. I don’t like the way which you speak to her. 例 12. I don’t care
for pay. I just want to get a job that I can be greatly valued. 析：例 11 中应在 which 前加 in 或将 which 改为 that 或去掉;例
12 中的 that 应改为 where 或 in which .在定语从句中，有些特殊名
词作先行词时其关系词的选取有一定的特殊性，如 way 作先行词时，其
引导词可用 that 或 in which 或省略，如例 11 ;与 way 相似的还有
job ， situation ， point ， case 等作先行词时，关系词常用
where 或 in which ，如例 12 .
易错点七：忽略as 和which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别。

例 13.
He failed in the exam again， which was expected. 例 14. He failed in the exam again， as was not what he had expected.
析：例 13 中的 which 应改为 as ;例 14 中的 as 应改为 which . as 和 which 虽然都可引导非限制性定语从句，但仍有以下三点区别：( 1 ) as 有“正如;就像”之意，而 which 没有;( 2 ) as 引导的非限制性定
语从句可置于句首、句中或句末，而 which 只能置于句末;( 3 )如果非
限制性定语从句是否定句时，只能用 which 引导。

易错点八：忽略that 和which 引导限制性定语从句的区别。

例 15.
This is the most exciting football game which I have ever seen. 例 16. Here are the samples that — had I thought of it — you could have taken with you yesterday. 析：例 15 中的 which
应改为 that ;例 16 中的 that 应改为 which .当先行词被最高级、序
数词修饰或先行词本身是不定代词时，只能用 what 来引导定语从句，
如例 15 ;当关系词后面有插入成分时，只能用 which 来引导定语从
句，如例 16 .
易错点九：介词前置出差错。

例 17. The two things with which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. 例 18.
Tell him all the things to which he should pay attention. 析：例 17 中的 with 应改为 about 或 of ;例 18 中应把 to 移到attention 的后面。

在定语从句中前置的介词必须和后面的动词或形容词构成固定搭配，如例 17 ;但并不是所有的固定搭配中的介词都可前置，如例 18 .
易错点十：which 和whose 的意义不明确。

例 19. The book which cover is broken is of great help to all of us. 例 20. The book of whose cover is broken is of great help to all of us. 析：例 19 中的 which 应改为 whose ;例 20 中的 whose 应改为which .在定语从句中，关系代词 which 不能在定语从句中作定语，但whose 可作定语，“ whose + n ”相当于“ the + n + of which ”或“ of which + the + n ”。