高中英语同位语从句学案

同位语从句学案

一、观察和思考

1、Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.

2、Beijing, the capital of China, is a beautiful city.

3、He told me the news that the plane had exploded.

以上句子的划线部分在句子中充当的成分是①。它是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 补充说明它们的②, 它可以由③、、名词性短语或从句等充当。

(1) 同位语从句的定义

同位语从句在句中作某一名词尤其是①名词的同位语，一般位于该名词②，解释说明该名词的③。这些抽象名词通常有fact, news, idea, truth , hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question 等。

e.g. 1. The fact that Taiwan belongs to China is still unknown to all.

2. Our teacher gave the order that all the homework should be finished on time.

（2）同位语从句的连接词

[寻规找矩] 请仔细观察下列句子，注意从句引导词的用法。

1. The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.

2. He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.

3. The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.

4. I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now.

5. We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation this year.

6. I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.

7. I have no idea when he will be back．

[小结归纳]

①that引导同位语从句时，如句1；

②whether引导同位语从句时,如句2;

③连接代词who, what等引导同位语从句时，如句3，4；

④连接副词where, how, when等在从句中，如句5，6，7。（3）同位语从句的注意事项

1、分隔式同位语从句：有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：

The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.

Word came that their team had won.

2、先行词为名词suggestion, order, demand, command, request, desire, proposal等后的

•1) Our teacher gave us some advice that we use the computer.

•2)The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule should be adopted.

•3)The teacher gave the order that all these homework be finished in three weeks.

引导。

⑴We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.

⑵There is no doubt that Lilly will keep her promise.

二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别:

同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们:

①同位语从句解释说明的名词大都是名词;

定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。

We express the hope that they will come to visit China again. (同位语从句)

Those who want to go please sign their names here. (定语从句)

②同位语从句所说明的名词与从句（有/ 没有）逻辑关系；

定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。

The order when we should go back hasn’t reached us.

(同位语从句, order和从句没有逻辑关系)

The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten.

(定语从句, day是founded 的逻辑)

③同位语从句主要由连接词引导,及what, when, where, who, whether, how等引导;

定语从句由关系which, that, as, which, whose或关系when, where, why引导。

④引导同位语从句的连词（可以/不可以）省略;

引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常省略。

The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true.

The news (that) he told me is exciting.

⑤同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子, 谓语动词用be的不同形式。定语从句则不能。

He heard the news that their team had won.

→: The news was that their team had won.

即学即用

一、把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。

1. Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet.//The fact worries their parents and teachers

a lot.

2. The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China.//We heard the news last night.