浙江省杭州二中白马湖学校2018-2019学年八年级下学期开学考
浙江省杭州白马湖学校第二学期科学开学考试题
杭州白马湖学校第二学期科学开学考考生须知:1.本卷分试题卷和答题卷两部分,满分160分,考试时间120分钟。
2.本卷中可能用到的相对原子质量:K-39、Cl-35.5、O-16、Mg-24、S-32、H-1、Na-23、Fe-56、N-14、C-12、B-11。
一、选择题(每小题3分,共60分,每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1.如图所示四个实验现象中,揭示了电动机工作原理的是()2.工业上用重铬酸钾(K2Cr2O7)制造三氧化二铬(Cr2O3),其中重铬酸钾中铬元素的化合价为()A.—3B.+1C.+3D.+63.化学式是最基本的化学语言,我们可以从化学式中得到多种信息。
二氧化碳的化学式是CO2,下列有关二氧化碳的说法中正确的是()①二氧化碳是由碳元素和氧元素组成的。
②二氧化碳由2个氧原子和1个碳原子组成的。
③二氧化碳分子里含有2个氧元素和1个碳元素。
④每个二氧化碳分子由2个氧原子和1个碳原子构成。
⑤二氧化碳分子由碳元素和氧元素构成。
A.①②⑤B.①⑤C.①④D.③④4.居里夫人首先发现某些原子具有放射性(如日本福岛发生核泄漏时的碘-131),即原子能自动地放射出一些固定的粒子.一种元素的原子经过放射变成了另一种元素的原子,据此推断放射出的粒子一定是()A.电子B.中子C.质子D.原子核5.关于家庭电路中某一些元件和工具的使用,下列说法中正确的是()A.螺丝口灯座的螺丝套应接在火线上B.熔丝(保险丝)熔断后可以用铁丝替代C.三脚插头中间较长的脚应与用电器的金属外壳相连D.当电路因故障导致保险装置断开时,只需要更换保险丝或使空气开关复位6.“●”和“○”分别代表不同元素的原子,下列各图所表示的物质属于化合物的是()A B C D7.在化学符号:①NO2②2CO③Ca2+④H2O2⑤2OH—⑥ZnSO4中,关于数字“2”的意义,下列说法错误的是()A. 表示分子个数的是②B. 表示离子所带电荷数的是③⑤C.表示一个分子中所含某种原子个数的是①④D.表示化合价数值的是⑥8.有人发明了一种“发电地板”,如图所示,当行人或车辆通过时,挤压地板使永磁体和线圈发生相对运动,使其发电。
浙江省杭州市二中白马湖学校2020-2021学年八年级下期中模拟考试科学试题卷
B.原子核体积很小
C.核外电子带负电荷
D.原子核带正电荷
20.如图所示,将一对磁性材料制成的弹性舌簧密封于玻璃管中,舌簧端面互叠,但留有间隙,就制成了一种磁控元件——干簧管,以实现自动控制。某同学自制了一个线圈,将它套在干簧管上,制成一个干簧继电器,用来控制灯泡的亮灭,如图所示。干簧继电器在工作中所利用的电磁现象不包括()
D.测电笔与手接触的部分都是绝缘体
8.如图是表示物质粒子的示意图,图中“。”和“·”分别表示两种不同元素的原子,其中表示混合物的是()
A.甲和丙B.乙和丁C.只有甲D.只有丙
9.如图所示是实验室电流表的内部结构图,处在磁场中的线圈有电流通过时,线圈会带动指针一起偏转。线圈中电流越大,指针偏转角度就越大。关于该现象,下列说法正确的是()
6.金属钛(Titanium)是航空、军工、电力等方面的必需材料,因为具有奇特的性能,被誉为“未来金属”。金属钛的元素符号是()
A.TiB.TIC.tiD.tI
7.如下图所示,有关测电笔的使用,下列说法正确的是()
A.氖管发光时测电笔接触的是零线
B.使用时手可以接触测电笔的任何部位
C.氖管发光时测电笔接触的是火线
C.水、氧气、二氧化碳是三种不同种类的物质,所以组成它们的分子种类不同
D.在水、氧气、二氧化碳三种不同分子中,都含有氧原子,所以可视为同类物质
4.下列关于“2”的含义的解释中,正确的是()
A.Zn2+中的“2+”表示锌原子带有2个单位的正电荷
B. 中的化学式上方的“-2”表示3个硫酸根的化合价为-2价
B.构成它们的原子数目不同
C.金刚石、石墨、纳米碳管和C60是由不同的原子构成
D.金刚石、石墨、纳米碳管和C60里碳原子的排列方式不同
杭州二中白马湖学校2018学年第一学期初二年级期末质量检测
频次
找到食物的时间
第一次 267 秒
第二次 193 秒
第三次 90 秒
(1)从行为获得的途径来看,小鼠走迷宫获取食物的行为属于
行为。
(2)在上述实验中,若把小鼠换成蟑螂,蟑螂难以在短时间内找到食物,这种学习能力的
强弱是由动物体内的
决定的。
三、探究题(每空 2 分,共 24 分) 28.小晨设计了一个实验,用排水法测某实心金属块的密度。实验器材有小空桶、溢水烧杯、 量筒和水。实验步骤如下:
FB(填
“>”或“<”或“=”).
22. 如图甲所示,在一个圆柱形容器底部放一个边长为 10cm 的正方体物块,向容器中倒水时,
容器中水的深度 h 和物块受到的 F 浮力的关系如图乙所示.当容器中水的深度为 12cm,物块的
状态为
(选填“沉在底部”“悬浮”或“漂浮”)物块的密度为
kg/m 3.
24.在水平桌面上,有两个相同圆柱形容器,内盛相等质量的盐水.将同一鸡蛋分别放入其中,
变为 5%,则分解水的质量为
g。
22. 一木块漂浮于 40℃的 KNO3饱和溶液中,当温度改变时(不考虑由此引起的木块和溶液的体 积变化),木块排开液体的体积(V 排)随时间(t)发生了如图所示的变化。
(1)由此推断出温度的改变方式是___(填“升温”或“降温”)。
(2)在温度改变的过程中,图中 A、B 两点对应的木块受到的浮力大小关系为 FA
小强对上述数据进行了归纳分析,看出了在这种情况下,气体的压强与温度的某种关系。 小强经过进一步思考,得出了一个初步的结论,并验证了其中一种猜想正确.
根据以上阅读,请回答下列问题:
(1)小强得出的结论是什么:
。
2018年6月杭州市杭二中白马湖实验中学八下期末模拟测试卷(含答案)
2018年6月杭州市杭二中白马湖实验中学八下期末模拟测试卷第一部分听力(共两节, 15题,每小题2分,满分30分)略第二部分阅读理解( 共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A.B.C和D)中选出最佳选项。
AWhy is clean water important to developing countries? A recent report shows that about 80 percent of diseases in developing countries are caused by poor water and low sanitation(卫生)conditions. In those countries, women and girls spend several hours collecting water, but often polluted, far away from their families. The polluted water more or less influences their health. In this case, there is an urgent(迫切的)need for people in developing countries to have access to(有机会或权利使用)clean water to improve their health.Here is a short story about Hadjara Zakari, a 12-year-old girl in Niger. Having access to clean water changed her life. She learned about the importance of hand-washing when the school first received clean water three years ago. That evening, she told her father, “You shouldn’t eat with me unless you clean your hands.” Her father was very angry and shouted at her, “It’s not up to you to tell me what to do!” Stunned(目瞪口呆的),Hadjara sat in silence. But she knew she was right. In protest, Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night. After her father questioned Hadjara’s head teacher, he understood the importance of hand-washing and his daughter’s intentions(目的). The girl really wanted her family to live longer and healthier lives.For people in developing countries, clean water can change many things, especially improve their health. So, from now on, let’s avoid wasting water and take action to save water, which is important to people all over the world.16.According to the recent report, poor water and low sanitation conditions can cause ______.A.traffic problems B.forest fires C.many illnesses17.The key to improving people’s health in developing countries is _______ in Paragraph 1.A.to get clean water B.to exercise often C.to refuse drugs18.What can we infer(推断)from Paragraph 2?A.Hadjara laughed at her father’s foolishness.B.Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night in order to lose weight.C.Hadjara’s father understood his daughter’s love and care for him later.BLooking for a new way to raise money for charity (慈善) ?Has your school run out of clever and fun ideas? DonH give up. There are several ways to support your favorite charity.How about organizing a car wash? Everybody who has a car sooner or later washes it or has it washed. So why don't you and your classmates do the job? The money the car owners pay for having their cars washed will go towards your charity. When we did it we had an amazing time!At first some of us were worried about getting wet or dirty and it's true. But we also had fun and at the end of the day it was really worth it!On the other hand if you don't feel like getting wet or messy but have some musical talent how about organizing a street concert? Street musicians can make a lot of money and so can you if you’ve got the talent and courage it takes to play in front of an audience. You just need to find a suitable place practice for a few hours with your friends first and give it a try!I hope the above ideas have helped you a bit and if you’ve got any other great suggestions we would love to hear them and practice them too. Good luck!19. What does the writer think of a car wash?A. It's dirty but fun.B. It's easy but dirty.C. It's easy and fun.D. It's cheap and dirty.20. What do the underlined words “an audience” in the third paragraph mean?A. Passengers.B. Listeners.C. Musicians.D. Teachers.21. What might be the best title for this passage?A. How to wash a carB. How to organize a street concertC. Ways to raise money for charityD. Ways to make money after schoolCA gentleman once advertised(登广告)for a boy to help him in his office, and nearly fifty persons asked for the place. Out of the whole number he in a short time chose one, and sent all the other boys away.“I should like to know," said a friend, "on what ground you chose that boy. He didn't even have a recommendation(推荐信)with him.一“You are mistaken,”said the gentleman, "he had a great many: -“He made his shoes clean when he came in, and closed the door after him; showing that he was orderly(井然有序的)."He gave his seat to the disabled old man; showing that he was__________"He took off his cap when he came in, and answered my questions quickly and respectfully c恭敬地) ; showing that he was polite."He lifted up the book which I had purposely (故意地) laid on the floor, and put it on the table, while all the others stepped over it or pushed it aside; showing that he was careful."And he waited quietly for his turn, instead of pushing the others aside; showing that he was modest (谦逊的 ) ."When I talked with him, I noticed that his clothes were carefully brushed, his hair in nice order, and his teeth as white as milk. When he wrote his name, I noticed that his fingernails were clean; instead of having some untidy personal habits."Don't you call these things letters of recommendation? I do; and the things that I can discover a boy by using my eyes for ten minutes, is worth more than all the fine letters that he can bring.”22.Choose the right word to complete the sentence in paragraph 5 according to the context(上下文).A. kindB. smartC. lovely D.healthy23.How did the gentleman know the boy was polite?A. He made his shoes clean when he came in.B. He took off his cap when he came in.C. He waited quietly for his turn.D. His teeth and fingernails were clean.24.The gentleman laid the book on the floor because_________.A. he used to be like thisB. he wanted to know who was orderlyC. he tried to know who had tidy personal habitsD. he wanted to test the people who asked for the job25.How many reasons made the gentleman choose that boy?A. Five.B. SixC. Seven.D. Eight.5.What can you learn from this passage?A. The gentleman is a wise man.B. All gentlemen can choose the right person by using their eyes.C. Good behaviors c行为) and good habits a工e important for a person.D. One should pay more attention to his recommendation than to his behaviors.DZhao Hua is a student from a university. He has led a group of university student volunteers since last year. They help children at a primary school with their studies and daily lives."When I was a small child," Zhao said, "I knew March 5th was a day for people to learn from Lei Feng and help others, but I didn't know the real meaning of the spirit(精神) of Lei Feng. Now when I see the smiling faces of the kids I have helped, I deeply understand Lei Feng. Helping others makes me happy.,'Lei Feng (1940-1962) is one of the best-known soldiers in Chinese history. He lost his parents when he was very young. His neighbors brought him up. He died in an accident at the age of 22. He did many good deeds in his short life. For example, he gave his own money to the parents of another soldier, and bought a ticket for a woman he didn't know without telling her his name.On March 5th, 1963, Chairman Mao called on people to "Learn from Lei Feng" and made the day "Lei Feng Day".Today almost 50 years has passed since Lei Feng's death. Some people say that the spirit of Lei Feng is out. There have been many reports about the coldness(冷漠)of people towards strangers. This has made many Chinese people think deeply about themselves.Many people think We need to promote(提倡) that spirit again. The important thing is that we must be ready to help others and make it a habit.26.Which day is "Lei Feng Day"?A.May 3rd B.May 5th C.March 3rd D.March 5th27. Who brought Lei Feng up?A.His parents B.Chairman Mao C.His neighbors D.Soldiers28. The underlined phrase "good deeds" means __ in Chinese.A.好人B.好事C.好梦D.好主意29.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A, Lei Feng gave his money to another soldier's parents.B. Lei Feng bought a ticket for a woman and he told his name to her.C, Lei Feng always helped others. "D. We should learn from Lei Feng,30.What's the best title(标题) of this passage?A.Lei Feng Spirit B.Lei Feng's DeathC.Lei Feng's Good Neighbors D.University Student Volunteers第二节任务型阅读(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F)中选出符合各段意思的小标题,选项中有一项是多余选项。
浙江省杭州市八年级数学下学期开学考试试题
八年级寒假自主学习效果数学检测卷(满分 120 分 时间90分)一.仔细选一选(本题有10个小题,每小题3分,共30分)1.下面四个图形分别是节能、节水、低碳和绿色食品标志。
在这四个标志中,是轴对称图形的是 ( )2.已知正比例函数y=kx (k ≠0)的图像经过点(1,-2),则这个正比例函数的解析式为( )A .y=2xB .y=-21xC .y=21x D .y=-2x 3.若b a >成立,则下列不等式成立的是 ( )A .b a ->-B .11+->+-b aC .11->-b aD .)1()1(-->--b a4.要证明命题“若a >b 则a 2>b 2”是假命题...,下列a ,b 的值不能..作为反例的是( ) A .a=2,b=-1 B .a=0,b=-1 C .a=1,b=-2 D .a=-1,b=-25.若点A (a ,3)在y 轴上,则点B (3-a ,2+a )所在的象限是 ( )A .第一象限B .第二象限C .第三象限D .第四象限6.一次函数y=kx+3的自变量取值增加2,函数值就相应减少2,则k 的值为( )A .2B .-2C .-1D .47.如果两个三角形的两条边和其中一条边上的高对应相等,那么这两个三角形的第三条边所对的角的关系是 ( )A .相等B .互余C .互补或相等D .不相等8.已知0>>b a ,那么下列不等式组中无解的是 ( )9.若,0,0><+mn n m 则一次函数n mx y +=的图像不经过( )A .第一象限B .第二象限C .第三象限D .第四象限10.在直线L 上依次摆放着七个正方形,已知斜放置的三个正方形的面积分别为1、2、3,正放置的四个正方形的面积依次是S 1、S 2、S 3、S 4,则S 1+2S 2+2S 3+S 4=( )A .5B .4C .6D .10二.认真填一填(本题有6小题,每小题4分,共24分)11.确定平面上一个点的位置,一般需要的数据个数为______个.12.函数312++-=x x y 中自变量x 的取值范围是______. 13.已知点P 1(a ,-3)和点P 2(3,b )关于y 轴对称,则a+b 的值为______.14.如图,∠AOC=∠BOC ,点P 在OC 上,PD ⊥OA 于点D ,PE ⊥OB 于点E ,若OD=8,OP=10,则PE 的长为______.15.如果不等式0>+b ax 的解集是2>x ,则不等式0<-a bx 的解集是______.(14题图) (16题图)16.如图,在△ABC 中,AB=BC=4,AO=BO ,P 是射线CO 上的一个动点,∠AOC=60°,则当△PAB 为直角三角形时,AP 的长为______.三、解答题:(本题共有7小题,共66分)17.(本小题6分)解下列不等式(组)(1)2)2(35+->x x (2)⎩⎨⎧->-->---1326)2(3)3(2x x x x18.(本小题8分)如图,在Rt △ABC 中,∠ACB=90°AB DC EP(1)用尺规在边BC上求作一点P,使PA=PB(不写作法,保留作图痕迹)(2)连结AP,若AC=4,BC=8时,试求BP的长.19.(本小题8分)如图,点E在△ABC外部,点D在BC边上,DE交AC于点F,若∠1=∠2=∠3,AC=AE,求证:AB=AD20.(本小题10分)如图,已知A(-3,-3),B(-2,-1),C(-1.-2)是坐标平面上三点.(1)写出点C关于y轴的对称点C’的坐标;(2)画出将△ABC先向上平移5个单位,再向右平移3个单位后所对应的△A1B1C1.并写出△A1B1C1的各顶点坐标;(3)将点C’向上平移a个单位后,点C’恰好落在△A1B1C1内,请你写出符合条件的一个整数a.(直接写出答案)21.(本小题10分)某校八年级举行“生活中的数学”数学小论文比赛活动,购买A、B两种笔记本作为奖品,这两种笔记本的单价分别是12元和8元,根据比赛设奖情况,需要购买两种笔记本共30本,若学校决定购买本次笔记本所需资金不能超过280元,设买A种笔记本x本。
浙江省杭州二中白马湖学校2022-2023学年八年级上学期开学考试数学试题
浙江省杭州二中白马湖学校2022-2023学年八年级上学期开学考试数学试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________ A.B.C.D.7.如图,,BC AC BD AD ⊥⊥,且AB 平分CAD ∠,则利用( )可说明ABC V 与ABD △全等.A .AASB .ASAC .SASD .SSA 8.如图,ABC V 中,12∠=∠,点G 为AD 中点,延长BG 交AC 于点E ,F 为AB 上一点,且CF AD ⊥于点H ,下列判断中,①线段BG 是ABD △边AD 上的中线;②线段CH 是ACH V 中AH 边上的高;ABG V 与BDG V 面积相等;④AB AC BF -=,其中正确的结论有( )A .4个B .3个C .2个D .1个 9.如图所示,△ABC 中,点D 、E 、F 分别在三边上,E 是AC 的中点,AD 、BE 、CF 交于一点G ,BD =2DC ,S △GEC =3,S △GDC =4,则△ABC 的面积是( )A .25B ..30C .35D .4010.已知a ,b 为实数,则解集可以为-2<x<2的不等式组是( )A .11ax bx >⎧⎨>⎩B .11ax bx >⎧⎨<⎩C .11ax bx <⎧⎨>⎩D .11ax bx <⎧⎨<⎩二、填空题11.把命题“互为相反数的两个数的和为零”写成“如果…那么…”的形式:______.k-1三、解答题20.阅读材料:如果x 是一个有理数,我们把不超过x 的最大整数记作[]x . 例如,[]3.23=,[]55=,[]2.13-=-.请你解决下列问题:(1)[]3.7=_______;[]4.5-=_______;(2)如果[]3x =,那么x 的取值范围是________;(3)如果[]3221x x -=+,求x 的值.21.如图,在ABC V 中,60ACB ∠=︒,D 为ABC V 边AC 上一点,BC CD =,点M 在BC 的延长线上,CE 平分ACM ∠,且AC CE =.连接BE 交AC 于F ,G 为边CE 上一点,满足CG CF =,连接DG 交BE 于H .(1)求证:ABC EDC ≅△△;(2)若BE 平分ABC ∠,求证:DG 平分EDC ∠.22.去冬今春,我市部分地区遭受了罕见的旱灾,“旱灾无情人有情”.某单位给某乡中小学捐献一批饮用水和蔬菜共320件,其中饮用水比蔬菜多80件.(1)求饮用水和蔬菜各有多少件?(2)现计划租用甲、乙两种货车共8辆,一次性将这批饮用水和蔬菜全部运往该乡中小学.已知每辆甲种货车最多可装饮用水40件和蔬菜10件,每辆乙种货车最多可装饮用水和蔬菜各20件.则运输部门安排甲、乙两种货车时有几种方案?请你帮助设计出来;(3)在(2)的条件下,如果甲种货车每辆需付运费400元,乙种货车每辆需付运费360元.运输部门应选择哪种方案可使运费最少?最少运费是多少元?23.如图(1),9c mAB =,AC AB ⊥,BD AB ⊥垂足分别为A 、B ,7cm AC =.点P 在线段AB 上以2cm/s 的速度由点A 向点B 运动,同时点Q 在射线BD 上运动.它们运动的时间为t (s )(当点P 运动结束时,点Q 运动随之结束).(1)若点Q 的运动速度与点P 的运动速度相等,当1t =时,△ACP 与△BPQ 是否全等,并判断此时线段PC 和线段PQ 的位置关系,请分别说明理由;(2)如图(2),若“AC AB ⊥,BD AB ⊥”改为“CAB DBA ∠=∠”,点Q 的运动速度为x cm/s ,其它条件不变,当点P 、Q 运动到何处时有△ACP 与△BPQ 全等,求出相应的x 的值.。
英语_2018-2019学年浙江省杭州市某校八年级(下)开学英语试卷真题(含答案)
2018-2019学年浙江省杭州市某校八年级(下)开学英语试卷二、阅读理解(共两节,满分 40 分)第一节(共 15 小题,每小题 2 分,满分 30 分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中选出最佳选项.1.You may feel interested in students in other countries. Do they have so much homework? What do they do in their free time? Do they often go to parties? People did a survey in China, Japan, South Korea and the US last year. Here are the results.Who studies the hardest?Chinese students spend the most time in studying. About one in two spends more than two hours on their homework every day. Why? Maybe they just want to improve themselves, or they do that just because of the school and their parents.Who sleeps most often in class?About 45 percent of Japanese students doze off in class. 32% of us students feel sleepy in class, while in China, there are 5% students sleeping in class. Why do Japanese students get tired and sleepy in class more easily? Because they always like to stay up late at night!Who is the most distracted?American students are the most active in class, but also the most distracted. 64.2% of them talk to friends in class. 46.9% of them eat in class, and 38.9% of them send e-mails or read other books in class.What do they do after school?In their free time, most Chinese students study or surf the Internet. Most American students hang out with their friends or go to parties. Most Japanese students do exercise while most South Korean students watch TV."(1)What percent of Chinese students spend more than 2 hours doing their homework every day?A 32%B 45%C 50%D 64.2%(2)What does a "distracted student" usually do in class?A He listens to his teachers very carefully.B He keeps quiet and does his homework.C He always falls asleep in class.D He does things that have nothing to do with learning.(3)What does the passage mainly want to tell us?A The students from different countries have different character.B Chinese students work much harder than those from other countries.C The students around the world do something different in their free time.D Most students in the world are interested in going online or watching TV.2. One day, I got off the train and was waiting for my ride.Suddenly I had an inspiration (灵感).I looked around and found a pen, but there was no paper.I sat down sadly for a few minutes.Then I looked around again. Finally, I found a dollar bill in mywallet. Although there was very little space to write on, I could write something.I took my pen and wrote something like this, "This is a very special dollar. I give it to youwith love. Do not keep it. Do not spend it.Pass it on. Give it to someone else with love, and watch it be passed on."I then decorated the bill with hearts and tried to fill it with as many good wishes as I could. There was a woman sitting near me.She was also waiting for a ride.She seemed a little bit worried.So I walked up to her and gave the bill to her.The woman couldn't know what I was doing at first. And then she took a second look and read it.Suddenly she was not worried and she was happy.Also, she gave me a big huge and thanked me.I knew that if this was the result from just one person, then this wave of warmth would probably go on.My ride came, and we drove off. But I thought this was not the end of the story.(1)What didn't the writer do with the bill?________A The writer wrote something on it.B Te writer decorated it with heartsC The writer gave it to a strangerD The writer brought something with it..(2)How did the bill change the woman?________A She became a successful womanB She became very richC She felt warm instead of worried.D She became popular with others..(3)What can we learn from the last paragraph?________A The warmer of the bill will be passed on to more people.B People will spend the bill on something special.C The bill will be lost after some time.D The writer had no money to pay for his ride.3. A hundred years ago, most people thought that human beings would never fly. Andthe idea of flying seemed crazy and dangerous. But as a new world full of new inventions(发明物)came, everyone was trying to break the old thoughts. So many inventors, like Orville and Wilbur Wright, tried to make a flying thing.Most plane inventors at that time were ________. They would think of an idea, make a plane as quickly as they could, and then try to fly it as soon as possible. All of them had the same result they took their planes home and they had no idea why they didn't work.However, the Wright brothers were much smarter inventors. They tested their ideas in smaller or safer ones before making a real plane. For example, the Wright brothers made a wind tunnel(隧道)to compare(比较)wing shape ideas. They also flew lots of kites to test their ideas. They studied the way birds fly through the air and tried to learn something from it when making their models. Finally, the Wright brothers felt they were ready to test their planes, but they needed to find the right place. They knew the right place to test their planes after writing to the US Weather Bureau for help. At last on December17th, 1903, Orville and Wilbur tested the plane and they made it.The plane flied for twelve seconds and it traveled just 120 feet, but Orville and Wilbur were very happy. Their plane really worked ! By the end of the day, both brothers had great successful flights(飞行), with Wilbur having a record of 852 feet in 59 seconds.(1)The underlined word "impulsive" means u________" in Chinese.A 冲动的B 理智的C 聪慧的D 外向的.(2)Which did NOT the Wright brothers do to test their idea before making a real plane?________A Made a wind tunnel to compare wing shape ideas.B Flew lots of kites to test their ideas.C Took a horse to know how to run fast.D Studied the way birds fly through the air..(3)How long did the flight last(持续)at first?________A For 120 seconds.B For 12 seconds.C For 852 seconds.D For 59 seconds..(4)Why did the writer write this passage?________A To tell us two famous brother.B To tell us something about planeC To fell us how people traveled In the past.D To tell us why people like making new things..(5)What's the best title for the passage?________A How to make a planeB How to test a plane,C The story of the Wright brothers.D The invention of the plane.4. Sir Steven﹣﹣ Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals. "hi 1997 I was found have developed diabetes (糖尿病)Believing the profession trained for the whole of my life ended, I felt very sorry. Then one of my friends said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was it﹣the encouragement I I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isn't difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way. "Karen Pickering﹣Swimming World Champion(冠军)"I swim 4 hours A day, 6 days a week. I manage that amount of work by putting it on top diary. This is the key to success﹣"you can't follow a profession in any field without being organized Make a list of what you believe you can achieve. Trust yourself, write down your for the day, however small they are. and you'll be a step closer to achieving them.Kristen Stewart一Actress"When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can' t achieve anything. Then, there are other ________, such as family or hobbies. The key is to give most of your attention to one thing. When I feel nervous, it helps a lot to repeat words such as focus, calm, peace, either out loud or silently in my mind. It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence. This is a habit and is a powerful psychological(心理学的)tool. "(1)Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talks about________.A difficulties stopped his professionB doctors offered him helpC illness couldn't stop him trying to winD he didn't believe in himself.(2)Karen Pickering trained in swimming________.A 6 hours a dayB 7 hours a weekC 6 days a weekD 4 hours a week.(3)Karen Pickering puts________on top of her diary.A the amount of workB her activitiesC her goalsD her sports news.(4)The same character of the three people is________.A Self﹣confidenceB happinessC humorD wisdom.第二节(共1小题,每小题10分,满分10分)5. 请仔细阅读五个段落的内容,从A﹣﹣F中选出各自匹配的标题.(1)_______Wherever you go,try to watch people around you with those questions:"What do his parents look like? What is his favorite color?"(2)_______Smile at people at any time.The more you do it,the less scared you will be. When you walk into a room,you can smile at everyone first.And it's an easy way of greeting(3)_______When you're talking with someone? try to make a joke. Being funny can also make people want to be around you.(4)_______You can start by saying "Can I ask you some questions?$^{"}$ Set the goal(目标)of doing this once a day.(5)_______If you're interested in someone, you must find many little things of him that you like. For example, you can say "Your shoes are beautiful!" to him.A.Be friendly to peopleB.Give a compliment (赞美)C.Start a conversationD.Pay attention to othersE.Make yourself humorousF.Thank others as much as possible三、完形填空(共 15 小题,每小题 1 分,满分 15 分)阅读下列短文,掌握大意,然后从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项.6. A few days ago, I decide to do something to make the students in my class excited.It was close to the end of the school year and everyone seemed to be(1)_______I had a good idea after I thought(2)_______for some time, so I found my(3)_______ after school on Monday and told her about my plan. We were(4)_______ to make it come true. I went home and started to write out 21 notes the next day, each for one person.I (5)_______ these notes for two days and planned perfectly(完美地) so that(6)_______ of them would know I wrote them.Then on that(7)_______ morning, my teacher gave out all of the anonymous(匿名的)notes. Except the note made for other students, there were still two notes﹣one for myself and (8)_______for my teacher. So people would think we had (9)_______to do with itI was really(10)_______to see the reactions (反应)everyone had after seeing the notes. There were a lot of smiles and people started sharing their(11)_______with each other.The best part of it was that they looked at each other's notes and then said, "You know, that note is (12)_______.You are a great person. " "You are (13)_______ smart just as your note says. " It was probably the best feeling I could have ever gotten to see people (14)_______ and giving each other compliments(赞美). And I'll (15)_______it a secret forever.(1)A creativeB sadC similarD wonderful(2)A comfortablyB quietlyC carefullyD seriously(3)A classmateB teacherC friendD student(4)A readyB luckyC afraidD surprised(5)A preparedB watchedC repliedD sent(6)A allB noneC eachD both(7)A TuesdayB WednesdayC ThursdayD Friday(8)A othersB anotherC otherD the other(9)A somethingB nothingC everythingD anything(10)A sorryB worriedC tiredD happy(11)A giftsB foodC notesD ideas(12)A rightB funnyC importantD simple(13)A finallyB easilyC hardlyD really(14)A discussingB sharingC speakingD caring(15)A keepB takeC callD make四、词汇(共 10 小题,每小题 1 分,满分 10 分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填上适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式.将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置.7. Birthday is an important day in one's life, especially(尤其) for children. For 365 days the child waits for that special day because he or she will become one year (1)________(old). Birthday is also the best time (2)________(have) a party with your friends and family members. To have (3)________ different birthday party, you have (4)________(preparation) lots of things. You should get everything ready. You may invite your friends (5)________(come) to the party because you hope to celebrate the meaningful day with the ones you love. It's best (6)________(send) some beautiful birthday invitation cards to them. There (7)________(be) many ways for you to have the invitation cards. You can buy some invitation cards in the shops or choose some cards on the Internet.(8)________ you have time, you can even make cards by (9)________(you). They will show your effort(努力) to invite friends. I'm (10)________(sure)people would be happy to receive(收到) those handmade cards.五、写作(共两节,满分 25 分)第一节:单词拼写(共 10 小题,每小题 1 分,满分 10 分)根据下列句子及所给的首字母,在答题卷上按题号写出各单词的正确、完全形式(每空限填一词).8. Now parents are spending more and more money on their children's e________.9. We started at 7:00 a.m. and r________the top of the mountain at 4:00 p.m.10. Linda enjoys dancing. It's one of her h________.11. ﹣﹣Miss Brown, thanks for your asking. I have to go home now!﹣﹣OK, s________you later.12. No one helped me make the sandwich. I made it m________.13. We can't just waste (浪费) food while half the world is still h________.14. Can you speak a little more l________and more clearly, please? I can't hear you.15. We are preparing for the coming basketball game. U________we try our best, we will lose the game.16. The Spring Festival is one of the most t________ festivals in China.17. When we got to the top of the mountain, we could see the whole city b________五、书面表达(共 1 小题,满分 15 分)18. 你的朋友Amy在交友问题上遇到了烦恼,她很担心,但不知道该怎么办.她的同班同学给了她一些建议来帮助她.请你根据下列表格所提供的信息,写一篇英语短文.要求:1.开头部分已写好,你只需接着写;2.所写内容必须包括表格中他们的建议和理由已及你的建议和理由;3.词数:80 词左右.Students these days often have a lot of worries. My friend Amy had trouble in making friends,and worries for days.2018-2019学年浙江省杭州市某校八年级(下)开学英语试卷答案1. CDA2. ACA3. ACBAC4. CCBA5. D,A,E,C,B6. BCBAABCDBDCBCA7. older,to have,a,to prepare,to come,to send,are,If,yourself,sure8. ducation9. eached10. obbies11. ee12. yself13. ungry14. oudly15. nless16. raditional17. elow18. Students these days often have a lot of worries. My friend Amy had trouble in making friends,and worries for days. My classmates care about her and give her some specific suggestions.(点题)Judy thinks the first step to solve this problem is to share it, then Amy will feel better.【高分句型一】Mike thinks differently. He says that Amy can just run away from it because worries are normal among the young students.【高分句型二】As for me, I think Amy can tell her parents about her worries. Parents have a lot of experiences and they can help her solve the problem.(同学们的建议)。
浙江省杭州市滨江区杭州二中白马湖学校2023-2024学年八年级上学期开学考试试题(解析)
浙江省杭州市滨江区杭州二中白马湖学校2023-2024学年八年级上学期开学数学试题卷解析考生须知:1.本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟.2.答题前,必须在答题纸指定位置填写班级、姓名、试场号和座位号.3.必须在答题纸的对应答题位置上答题,写在其它地方无效.答题方式详见答题纸上的说明.如需画图作答,必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将图形线条描黑.4.不能使用计算器;考试结束后,上交答题纸.一、选择题(每题3分,共30分)1.如图甲骨文中,不是轴对称图形的是()A. B.C. D.【答案】D【详解】A项是轴对称图形,故本选项错误;B项是轴对称图形,故本选项错误;C项是轴对称图形,故本选项错误;D项不是轴对称图形,故本选项正确.故选D.2.下列命题中是假命题的是()A.对顶角相等B.同旁内角互补C.两点确定一条直线D.垂线段最短【答案】B【详解】A、对顶角相等,本选项说法是真命题;B、两直线平行,同旁内角才互补,故本选项说法是假命题;C、两点确定一条直线,本选项说法是真命题;D、垂线段最短,本选项说法是真命题;故选:B.3.已知三角形的三边长分别为1,2,x,则x的取值范围在数轴上表示为()A. B.C. D.【答案】A【详解】∵三角形的三边长分别是1,2,x ,∴x 的取值范围是1<x<3.故选A.4.下列几组数中,可以作为直角三角形的三条边的是()A .6,15,17B.7,12,15C.13,15,20D.7,24,25【答案】D【详解】解:A 、2226153622526117+=+=≠,不符合勾股定理的逆定理,故此选项不符合题意;B 、2227124914419315+=+=≠,不符合勾股定理的逆定理,故此选项不符合题意;C 、222131516922539420+=+=≠,不符合勾股定理的逆定理,故此选项不符合题意;D 、22272462525+==,符合勾股定理的逆定理,故此选项符合题意.故选D .5.到ABC 的三个顶点距离相等的点是ABC 的()A.三条角平分线的交点B.三边垂直平分线的交点C.三条高的交点D.三边中线的交点【答案】B【详解】解:∵到三角形的一边的两端点距离相等的点在这边的垂直平分线上,∴到三角形三个顶点的距离都相等的点是这个三角形的三条边的垂直平分线的交点,故选:B .6.直角三角形斜边上的高与中线分别为5cm 和6cm ,则它的面积为()cm 2.A.30B.60C.45D.15【答案】A【详解】∵直角三角形的斜边上的中线为6cm ,∴斜边为2×6=12(cm ),∵直角三角形斜边上的高为5cm ,∴此直角三角形的面积为12×12×5=30(cm2),故选A .7.小红用如图所示的方法测量小河的宽度.她利用适当的工具,使AB ⊥BC ,BO =OC ,CD ⊥BC ,点A 、O 、D 在同一直线上,就能保证△ABO ≌△DCO ,从而可通过测量CD 的长度得知小河的宽度AB .在这个问题中,可作为证明△ABO ≌△DCO 的依据的是()A.SSSB.ASAC.SASD.HL【答案】B【详解】∵AB BC ⊥,CD BC ⊥,∴90ABO DCO ∠=∠=︒,在ABO 和DCO 中,ABO DCO BO COBOA COD ∠∠⎧⎪⎨⎪∠∠⎩===,∴ABO DCO △≌△(ASA ),则证明ABO DCO △≌△的依据的是ASA .故选:B .8.如图,已知钝角△ABC ,依下列步骤尺规作图,并保留作图痕迹.步骤1∶以C 为圆心,CA 为半径画弧①;步骤2∶以B 为圆心,BA 为半径画弧②,交弧①于点D ;步骤3∶连接AD ,交BC 延长线于点H .下列叙述正确的是()A.BH 垂直平分线段ADB.AC 平分∠BADC.S △ABC =BC ⋅AHD.AB =AD【答案】A【详解】解:A.如图连接CD、BD,∵CA=CD,BA=BD,∴点C、点B在线段AD的垂直平分线上,∴直线BC是线段AD的垂直平分线,故A正确,符合题意;B.CA不一定平分∠BDA,故B错误,不符合题意;C.应该是S△ABC=12•BC•AH,故C错误,不符合题意;D.根据条件AB不一定等于AD,故D错误,不符合题意.故选A.9.如图:D,E分别是△ABC的边BC、AC上的点,若AB=AC,AD=AE,则()A.当∠B为定值时,∠CDE为定值B.当∠α为定值时,∠CDE为定值C.当∠β为定值时,∠CDE为定值D.当∠γ为定值时,∠CDE为定值【答案】B【详解】试题分析:本题主要考查等腰三角形的性质和外角的性质,掌握等边对等角和三角形的外角等于不相邻两内角的和是解题的关键.根据等边对等角,可找到角之间的关系,再利用外角的性质可找到∠CDE 和∠1之间的关系,从而得到答案.解:A∵AB=AC,∴∠B=∠C ,又∠ADC=∠α+∠B ,∴∠ADE=∠ADC-∠CDE=∠α+∠B-∠CDE ,∵AD=AE ,∴∠ADE=∠γ=∠CDE+∠C=∠CDE+∠B ,∴∠1+∠B-∠CDE=∠CDE+∠B ,∴∠1=2∠CDE ,∴当∠α为定值时,∠CDE 为定值,故选B .10.在平面直角坐标系中,若干个边长为1个单位长度的等边三角形,按如图中的规律摆放.点P 从原点O 出发,以每秒1个单位长度的速度沿着等边三角形的边“112233445OA A A A A A A A A →→→→⋅⋅⋅”的路线运动,设第n 秒运动到点n P (n 为正整数),则点2023P 的坐标是()A.2021,22⎛- ⎪⎝⎭B.202122⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ C.2023,22⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ D.2023,22⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎝⎭【答案】D【详解】解:由图可得,每6个点一个循环,它们的纵坐标规律为32,0,32,0,32,0,∵20236=3371÷ ,∴点2023P 的纵坐标为32,点P 的横坐标规律为12,1,32,2,52,3,⋯,2n ,∴点2023P 的横坐标为20232,∴点2023P 的坐标为20233,22⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,故选:D .二、选择题(本题有6个小题,每小题4分,共24分)11.在平面直角坐标系中,点(2,1)-关于x 轴对称的点的坐标为________.【答案】(2,1).【详解】点(2,1)-关于x 轴对称的点的坐标是(2,1).故答案为:(2,1).12.、3,则它的周长为______.【答案】6+##6+,3,3<,∴三边不能构成三角形,此种情不存在,若腰长为3,3,3,33>,∴三边能构成三角形,336++=613.若不等式()2323a x a -<-的解集为1x >,则a 的取值范围是______.【答案】32a <【详解】解:解不等式()2323a x a -<-,当230a ->,即32a >时,原不等式可化为23=123a x a -<-,即1x <,与已知相矛盾;当230a -<时,即32a <时,原不等式可化为23=123a x a ->-,即1x >,符合题意;∴a 的取值范围是32a <,故答案为:32a <.14.如图所示,等边三角形ABC 中,D、E 分别为AB、BC 边上的点,AD=BE,AE 与CD 交于点F,AG⊥CD 于点G,则AGAF的值为________.【答案】3 2【详解】解:在△CAD与△ABE中,AC=AB,∠CAD=∠ABE=60°,AD=BE,∴△CAD≌△ABE.∴∠ACD=∠BAE.∵∠BAE+∠CAE=60°,∴∠ACD+∠CAE=60°.∴∠AFG=∠ACD+∠CAE=60°.∴在Rt△AFG中,3sin602 AGAF==°.故答案为3 2 .15.如图,∠BOC=9°,点A在OB上,且OA=1,按下列要求画图:以A为圆心,1为半径向右画弧交OC于点A1,得第1条线段AA1;再以A1为圆心,1为半径向右画弧交OB于点A2,得第2条线段A1A2;再以A2为圆心,1为半径向右画弧交OC于点A3,得第3条线段A2A3;…这样画下去,直到得第n条线段,之后就不能再画出符合要求的线段了,则n=__.【答案】9【详解】试题分析:根据等腰三角形的性质和三角形外角的性质依次可得∠A1AB的度数,∠A2A1C的度数,∠A3A2B的度数,∠A4A3C的度数,…,依此得到规律,再根据三角形外角小于90°即可求解.解:由题意可知:AO=A1A,A1A=A2A1,…,则∠AOA1=∠OA1A,∠A1OA2=∠A1A2A,…,∵∠BOC=9°,∴∠A 1AB=18°,∠A 2A 1C=27°,∠A 3A 2B=36°的度数,∠A 4A 3C=45°,…,∴9°n <90°,解得n <10.由于n 为整数,故n=9.故选B .16.在直角坐标系中,O 为坐标原点,已知()3,4A ,在x .轴.上确定一点P ,使OAP △为等腰三角形,写出所有..符合条件的点P 的坐标______.【答案】()50-,或()50,或()60,或2506⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,【详解】解:∵()34A ,,∴5OA ==,设点P 的坐标为()0m ,当OA OP =时,∴5m =,即5m =或5-,∴点P 的坐标为()50-,或()50,;当PA OA =时,即22PA OA =,∴()222345m -+=,解得0m =(舍去)或6,点P 的坐标为()60,;当PA PO =时,即22PA PO =,∴()22234m m -+=,解得256m =,点P 的坐标为2506⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,;综上,点P 的坐标为()50-,或()50,或()60,或2506⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,.故答案为:()50-,或()50,或()60,或2506⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,.三、解答题(本题有7个小题,共66分)17.解不等式(组),并将其解集在数轴上表示出来.(1)2151132x x -+->;(2)()33121318x x x x -⎧+≥+⎪⎨⎪--<-⎩.【答案】(1)1x <-,在数轴表示见解析(2)21x -<≤,在数轴表示见解析【小问1详解】解:2151132x x -+->,去分母得,()()2213516x x --+>,去括号得,421536x x --->,移项、合并同类项得,1111x ->,解得1x <-,把解集在数轴上表示如图,【小问2详解】解:()33121318x x x x -⎧+≥+⎪⎨⎪--<-⎩①②,由①得,1x ≤,由②得,2x >-,∴不等式组的解集为21x -<≤,把解集在数轴上表示如图,.18.已知关于x ,y 的方程组27243x y a x y a +=+⎧⎨-=-⎩的解是正数,且x 的值小于y 的值.(1)求a 的范围.(2)化简:|8a +11|-|10a +1|.【答案】(1)111<a<-.810-(2)18a +12.【详解】试题分析:(1)先求出y ,x ,再组成不等式求a 的范围即可.(2)由a 的范围求解即可.试题解析:(1)解方程组+=2+7243x y a x y a ⎧⎨-=-⎩得8+11=3102=.3a x a y ⎧⎪⎪⎨-⎪⎪⎩根据题意,得8+11031020381110233a aa a ⎧>⎪⎪-⎪>⎨⎪+-⎪<⎪⎩①②③解不等式①,得a >-118.解不等式②,得a <5.解不等式③,得a <-110.∴不等式组的解是-118<a <-110.(2)∵-118<a <-110,∴8a +11>0,10a +1<0.∴|8a +11|-|10a +1|=8a +11-[-(10a +1)]=8a +11+10a +1=18a +12.19.如图,90A B ∠=∠=︒,E 是AB 上的一点,且AE BC =,12∠=∠.求证:CDE 是直角三角形.【答案】证明过程见解析【详解】证明:∵12∠=∠,∴DE CE =,∵90A B ∠=∠=︒,在Rt ADE 和Rt BEC 中,DE EC AE BC=⎧⎨=⎩,∴()Rt ADE Rt BEC HL ≌,∴ADE BEC ∠=∠,∵90ADE AED ∠+∠=︒,∴90BEC AED ∠+∠=︒,∴90DEC ∠=︒,∴CDE 是直角三角形.20.已知()30A -,,()5,0B ,(),C x y .(1)若点C 在第二象限内,且3x =,3y =,求点C 的坐标,并求ABC 的面积;(2)若点C 在第四象限内,且ABC 的面积为8,4x =,求点C 的坐标.【答案】(1)12(2)()4,2-【解析】【分析】(1)由点C 在第二象限内,可得0x <,0y >,再由3x =,3y =,可得3x =-,3y =,即点C 的坐标为()3,3-,再根据点A 、B 的坐标即可求得结果;(2)由ABC 的面积为8,点C 在第四象限内,可得()18=82y ⨯⨯-,求得=2y -,由4x =,可得4x =,即可求得结果.【小问1详解】解:∵点C 在第二象限内,∴0x <,0y >,∵3x =,3y =,∴3x =-,3y =,∴()3,3C -,∵()30A -,,()5,0B ,∴1=83=122ABC S ⨯⨯ ;【小问2详解】解:∵ABC 的面积为8,点C 在第四象限内,∴()18=82y ⨯⨯-,∴=2y -,∵4x =,∴4x =,∴点C 的坐标为()4,2-.21.某校计划为教师购买甲、乙两种词典.已知购买1本甲种词典和2本乙种词典共需170元,购买2本甲种词典和3本乙种词典共需290元.(1)求每本甲种词典和每本乙种词典的价格分别为多少元?(2)学校计划购买甲种词典和乙种词典共30本,总费用不超过1600元,那么最多可购买甲种词典多少本?【答案】(1)每本甲种词典的价格为70元,每本乙种词典的价格为50元;(2)学校最多可购买甲种词典5本【详解】(1)设每本甲种词典的价格为x 元,每本乙种词典的价格为y 元,根据题意,得217023290x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩解得7050x y =⎧⎨=⎩答:每本甲种词典的价格为70元,每本乙种词典的价格为50元.(2)设学校计划购买甲种词典m 本,则购买乙种词典(30)m -本,根据题意,得7050(30)1600m m +-≤解得5m ≤答:学校最多可购买甲种词典5本.22.如图所示,点P 在AOB ∠内,点M ,N 分别是点P 关于AO ,BO 的对称点,MN 分别交OA ,OB 于点E ,F .(1)若AOB α∠=,求MON ∠,EPF ∠(用含α的代数式表示),写出过程;(2)①若PEF !的周长是10cm ,求MN 的长.②若45O ∠=︒,cm OP x =,直接写出PEF !的周长______.【答案】(1)2MON α∠=,=1802EPF α∠︒-(2)①10MN cm =【小问1详解】解:如图,连接OP 、OM 、ON ,∵M 是点P 关于AO 的对称点,∴OP OM =,ME PE =,MOA AOP ∠∠=,∴OMP OPM ∠=∠,=EMP EPM ∠∠,∴=OME OPE ∠∠,同理可得,OP ON =,BOP BON ∠∠=,=OPE ONF ∠∠,∴OM ON =,()=2=2=2MON AOP BOP AOB α∠∠+∠∠,∴=180=1802OMN ONM MON α∠+∠︒-∠︒-,∴===1802EPF OPE OPF OMN ONM α∠∠+∠∠+∠︒-;【小问2详解】解:①∵M 、N 分别是点P 关于AO 、BO 的对称点,∴ME PE =,NF PF =,∴PEF MN ME EF FN PE EF PF C =++=++= ,∵10PEF C cm = ,∴10MN cm =,②∵45AOB ∠=︒,===OM ON OP x ,∴=2=90MON AOB ∠∠︒,MN ==,∵PEF MN C = ,且PEF !的周长的最小值为MN 的长,∴PEF !,.23.在ABC 中,点D 在直线AB 上,点E 在平面内,点F 在BC 的延长线上,E BDC ∠=∠,AE CD =,180EAB DCF ∠+∠=︒.【问题解决】(1)如图1,若点D 在边BA 的延长线上,求证:AD BC BE +=;【类比探究】(2)如图2,若点D 在线段AB 上,请探究线段AD 、BC 与BE 之间存在怎样的数量关系,并证明;【拓展延伸】(3)如图3若点D 在线段AB 的延长线上,请探究线段AD 、BC 与BE 之间的数量关系,并证明.【答案】(1)证明过程见解析;(2)BC AD BE -=,证明过程见解析(3)AD BC BE -=,证明过程见解析【详解】解:(1)证明:∵180EAB DCF ∠+∠=︒,180BCD DCF ∠+∠=︒,∴EAB BCD ∠=∠,在EAB 和DCB △中,EAB BCDAE CD E BDC∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩,∴()EAB DCB ASA ≌,∴BE BD =,AB BC =,∵BD AD AB =+,∴AD BC BE +=;(2)BC AD BE -=,证明如下:∵180EAB DCF ∠+∠=︒,180BCD DCF ∠+∠=︒,∴EAB BCD ∠=∠,在EAB 和DCB △中,EAB BCDAE CD E BDC∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩,∴()EAB DCB ASA ≌,∴BE BD =,AB BC =,∵BD AB AD =-,∴BC AD BE -=;(3)AD BC BE -=,证明如下:∵180EAB DCF ∠+∠=︒,180DCB DCF ∠+∠=︒,∴EAB DCB ∠=∠,在EAB 和DCB △中,EAB DCB AE CD E BDC∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩,∴()EAB DCB ASA ≌,∴BE BD =,AB BC =,∵BD AD AB =-,∴AD BC BE -=.。
2017-2018学年浙江省杭州二中白马湖学校八年级(下)期中物理试卷(解析版)
2017-2018学年浙江省杭州二中白马湖学校八年级(下)期中物理试卷一、选择题(本题有20小题,每小题3分,共60分.请选出各题中一个符合题意的正确选项,不选、多选、错选,均不给分)1.(3分)下列设备或电器中,其主要工作原理与电磁铁无关的是()A.电铃B.电熨斗C.电磁选矿机D.电磁起重机2.(3分)常常用到“控制变量法”、“等效替代法”、“模型法”、“类比法”等方法,下面是初中物理中的几个研究实例:①用总电阻表示同一段电路上串联的两个电阻;②用光线表示光的传播方向;③研究电流时把它与水流相比;④利用磁感线来描述磁场。
上述几个实例中,采用了相同研究方法的是()A.①③B.②③C.②④D.①④3.(3分)如图可以说明巨磁电阻的特性。
闭合开关S1、S2并使滑片P向左移动,观察到指示灯变亮,那么()A.电磁铁左端为S极B.巨磁电阻两端的电压变大C.巨磁电阻随磁场增强而变大D.巨磁电阻随磁场增强而变小4.(3分)将如图所示完好的接线板连入家庭电路中,闭合开关S,指示灯发光。
再将台灯插入接线板上的插座,台灯与指示灯都能发亮。
则()A.该接线板的连接线内只有火线和零线两根导线B.台灯与指示灯串联,并受开关S控制C.台灯与指示灯并联,开关S在干路上D.该接线板上有5个插孔会使检测的测电笔氖管发光5.(3分)如图是小明家的部分电路,开始时各部分工作正常。
他将电饭煲的插头插入三孔插座后,正烧水的电热壶突然停止工作,但电灯仍正常发光,拔出电饭煲的插头,电热壶仍不能工作,把试电笔分别插入插座的左、右孔,氖管均发光。
若电路中只有一处故障,则()A.电热壶所在电路的B、C间断路B.插座的接地线断路C.电路的C、D间导线断路D.电路的A、B间导线断路6.如图所示,是家庭用插线板,在使用时,按下开关指示灯亮,每个插座均能独立工作;断开开关,指示灯熄灭,插座不能工作。
能正确反应插线板的电路图的是()A.B.C.D.7.(3分)为了判断一根铁棒是否具有磁性、小明进行了如下四个实验,根据实验现象不能确定该铁棒具有磁性的是()A.将悬挂的铁棒多次转动,静止时总是南北指向B.将铁棒一端靠近小磁针,相互吸引C.将铁棒一端靠近大头针,大头针被吸引D.水平向右移动铁棒,弹簧测力计示数有变化二、填空题(每小空1分,29、30、31为2分,共38分.)8.(3分)小亮将一个磁浮玩具稳定地“漂浮”起来,如图所示。
杭州二中白马湖学校2018-2019学年初二第二学期开学考科学试卷(含答案)
杭州二中白马湖学校2018学年第二学期开学质量检测八年级科学试题卷考生须知:1.本试卷分为试题卷和答题卷两部分,试题卷8页,满分160分,考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前,在答题纸上写上姓名、班级、考号、考场号、座位号。
3.所有答案都必须做在答题卷指定的位置上,务必注意试题序号和答题序号相对应。
4.沉着应试,认真书写,祝你取得满意成绩!(本卷g取10N/kg)试题卷一、选择题(本大题共20题,每题3分,共60分)1.小芳在采集的野外生长的茎的横切面上,发现有5个年轮,而中间的年轮特狭小.访问当地人得知,该地年降水丰富,气温比较高,导致植物的年轮特窄的可能原因是()A. 干旱B. 气温C. 蝗灾D. 缺乏植物生长的无机盐2.如图所示,在竖直放置的矩形通电线框中,悬挂一个能自由转动的小磁针。
当通以图中所示方向的电流时,小磁针N极将()A. 转动90°,垂直指向纸里B. 转动90°,垂直指向纸外C. 转动180°,指向左边D. 静止不动,指向不变3.如图,三个物体静止在某液体中的情景.下列说法正确的是()①若三个物体的质量相等,则受到浮力最小的可能是C物体;②若三个物体的体积相同,则受到浮力最小的一定是A物体;③若三个物体由同种材料做成,则A、B物体一定是空心的,C物体一定是实心的;④若物体都是实心的,则B物体的密度一定与液体的密度相同.A. ①②④B. ②④C. ②③④D. ①③4.通常,在①氧气②二氧化碳③有机物④无机盐⑤水蒸气这五种物质中,通过叶片的气孔进出的物质有()A. ①②B. ①②③C. ①②⑤D. ①②③④⑤5.如图所示,弹簧测力计水平向右缓慢移动过程中,弹簧测力计示数F随位置变化的关系正确的是()A. B. C. D.6.把一块石蜡的底部磨平后置于烧杯底部,使它们之间密合(如图所示),用手按住石蜡将水缓缓倒入烧杯中,直到水面淹没石蜡块后放手,则()A. 由于石蜡块的密度比水小,所以石蜡块会上浮B. 由于石蜡块受到水的压力是向下的,所以石蜡块不会上浮C. 由于石蜡块受到的摩擦力大于浮力,所以石蜡块不会上浮D. 由于水对石蜡块没有压力,所以石蜡块不上浮7.如图所示是利用磁悬浮原理浮在空中的盆栽,盆栽底部有磁铁,底座内装有电磁铁.给盆栽浇水前后()A. 盆栽受到的磁力大小不变B. 浇水后,盆栽一定落在底座上C. 要使盆栽与底座之间距离不变,可改变电磁铁线圈内的电流方向D. 要使盆栽与底座之间距离不变,可适当增大电磁铁线圈内的电流8.一块0℃的冰浮在0℃的水中,它露出水面的体积是200dm3,则它在水下的体积是()A. 200dm3B. 220dm3C. 1800dm3D. 条件不足,难以判断9.在一根条形磁铁附近平行放置一根与磁铁形状完全相同的棒状物体XY后,其周围磁场磁感线的分布情况如图甲所示。
杭州二中白马湖学校2018学年第一学期初二年级期中质量检测含答案
杭州二中白马湖学校2018学年第一学期初二年级期中质量检测第一部分听力略第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
ATeenagers are known for being creative and full of new ideas. Let’s have a look at there teenage inventions that might change the world.Banana leaves usually go bad in two or three days. Tenith Adithyaa, ateenager from India, used UV to make the leaves stay fresh for a year.Tenith thinks that one day the leaves will be used for making plates, cupsand other thingsDavid Cohen, an American teenager, built an earthworm robot. It is able togo into the smallest places, where humans or dogs can’t go. It will be usedfor finding people in a fire or an earthquake.Remya Jose, a 14-year-old from India, found it tiring and boring to handwash clothes in the nearby river. She reused some bicycle parts and createda washing machine that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at thesame time.Kenneth Shinozuku, a 15-year-old from New York, notices that hisgrandfather who got Alzheimer’s disease(老年痴呆)would often leavehome and get lost. So he invented the wearable sensors(感应器) to helppeople find their family members like his grandfather.16. What is the passage mainly about?A. Popular adsB. Useful machinesC. Strange picturesD. Teenage inventions17. The earthworm robot by David Cohen can_________.A make things stay fresh B. help people wash clothesC. go into the smallest placesD. take care of the old people18. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Plates and cups are made of fresh banana leaves.B. Remya's washing machine can also keep people fit.C. David Cohen is a middle school student from India.D. Kenneth’s wearable sensors will keep old people at homeBA good hobby is an important part of a teenager’s life. With hobbies, teenagers can become more familiar with history, social science and culture. Here are some hobbies for teenagers.CollectingCoins(硬币) may be too expensive for teenagers, but postcards, bookmarks even T-shirts can be great things to collect. Teenagers can collect things that do not cost much. Many teenagers enjoy collecting things when they visit a place. No matter what they collect, the most important thing is the information they get from the collection.WritingWriting can improve teenagers’ language skills. It can be a great hobby for teenagers. Writing a diary can help teenagers enter a private (个人的) world. It is important for their development. They can also write stories and poems.BuildingModels, birdhouses and anything else that teenagers make with their own hands can make them happy. Building is a great hobby because it is easy to start. Most teenagers can find interesting things to build. Building can help them improve their creativity.MusicDo you dream to be a music star? Music can give teenagers self-confidence (自信). They can sing songs and play an instrument. Sometimes teenagers can learn music in a music club and make friends with the people who have the same hobby.19.According to the passage, teenagers can learn more about ______ from hobbies.① history ② social science ③ culture ④ their schoolsA. ①②③B. ①②④C. ②③④D. ①③④20.Tom is a middle school student, so the good thing for him to collect may be______.A. gold coinsB. famous paintingsC. carsD. bookmarks21. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Collecting is easy and cheap.B. Teenagers can’t write poems and stories.C. Building is the most difficult hobby.D. Music can give teenagers self-confidence.22. What is the best title for the passage?A. Teenagers’ LivesB. How to Choose HobbiesC. Hobbies for TeenagersD. Join Our ClubsCTed, my little brother, is in Grade One. Last Friday he came back from school with a letter. The letter was from his teacher. "I got a red flower today. Could you please sign(签字)this note?" he said to Mum. The note showed that he had been talking in class.Ted hardly gets top scores in his school work. The best he gets is "OK", but often he gets "You can do better than this." Mum knows what it means. She tells me "You can do better than this" means "Extremely bad" in China.In the USA, teachers never say anything too bad about their students, even if the students are making trouble in class or not working hard enough. The worst they might say is "Please be nicer tomorrow". Many parents are satisfied with a B-grade for each subject.But things in Chinese schools are quite different. Parents have high expectations for their children. I sometimes felt that my second-grade cousin spent more time on homework than I did when I was a 6th grader in the USA! Yet his parents and teachers didn't think he worked hard enough.Is it too strict in China? Or is it not strict enough in the USA? Maybe both are true.23. Why did Ted come home with a letter last Friday ?A. Because the teacher wanted to visit his mother.B. Because he did something wrong.C. Because the teacher was happy with his progress.D. Because the teacher thought he was too lazy.24. American parents will be_________when their children get a B-grade in their school.A. excitedB. sadC. angryD. happy25. The underlined words "high expectations" in this passage means_________.A.很高的待遇B.很多的自由C.很高的期望D.很多的关爱26. The writer mainly wants to tell us_________.A. the differences between Chinese education and American educationB. Chinese students are better than American studentsC. American parents are not strict enough with their childrenD. what the best way to educate children isDAs a young man, Tom was a famous artist with a wife and two fine sons. One night, his older son was ill. Tom and his wife thought it was nothing serious. But the boy died suddenly that night..After his son died, Tom always felt very sad. To make matters worse, his wife also left him la ter, leaving him alone with his six-year-old younger son, Emie. Sadly, he turned to alcohol(酒) for help.As time went by, Tom began to lose everything he had---his land, house, etc. A few months l ater,Tom passed away alone in a small bar. Hearing of Tom's death, I thought,“What a complete failure(失败)!”But later, I began to change my earlier opinion. I knew Tom's now adult son, Emie. He is one of the kindest, most caring men. I saw the love between Emie and his children. And I thought tha t kindness and caring had to come from somewhere.One day, I asked him what made him become such a specia1 person. Emie said quietly, “My father came into my room every night, give me a kiss and said,“love you, son.”Hearing his words, I understood everything. Tom didn't leave many things behind. But he had been a kind loving father, and left behind his best love.27.What did the writer think of Tom when he heard of his death?A. Tom was a lazy man.B. Tom was an unsuccessful father.C. Tom was a hard-working man.D. Tom liked drinking too much.28.What happened to Tom's wife later?A. She was mad.B. She went to work.C. She died.D. She was ill.29.Where did Emie's kindness and caring come from?A. His father's love.B.His mother's love.C. His own hard-work.D.His parent's hard-work.30.Finally, the writer thoughtA. Tom was a good father.B. Tom was a rich father.C. Tom was a careless fatherD. Tom was a bad father.第二节(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)配对阅读左栏市5个人(第31-35题)对应的软件要求,右栏是6个应用软件的简介,请为不同的人找到合适的应用软件,选项中有一项是多余选项。
2023-2024学年浙江省杭州二中白马湖学校八年级(下)期末数学模拟试卷及答案解析
2023-2024学年浙江省杭州二中白马湖学校八年级(下)期末数学模拟试卷一、精心选一选(每题3分,共30分)1.(3分)“二十四节气”是中华上古农耕文明的智慧结晶.下列四幅标识图,其中文字上面图案是中心对称图形的是()A.B.C.D.2.(3分)下列计算正确的是()A.=2B.=±2C.=2D.=±23.(3分)用配方法解方程2x2﹣x﹣1=0,变形结果正确的是()A.(x﹣)2=B.(x﹣)2=C.(x﹣)2=D.(x﹣)2=4.(3分)设五边形的内角和为α,三角形的外角和为β,则()A.α=βB.C.α=2βD.α=3β5.(3分)用反证法证明命题“一个三角形中至少有一个角不小于60度”,应先假设这个三角形中()A.至多有两个角小于60度B.都小于60度C.至少有一个角是小于60度D.都大于60度6.(3分)下列说法中正确的是()A.有一个角是直角的四边形是矩形B.两条对角线互相垂直的四边形是菱形C.两条对角线互相垂直平分的四边形是正方形D.两条对角线相等的菱形是正方形7.(3分)在某次演讲比赛中,五位评委给选手圆圆打分,得到互不相等的五个分数.若去掉一个最高分,平均分为x;去掉一个最低分,平均分为y;同时去掉一个最高分和一个最低分,平均分为z,则()A.y>z>x B.x>z>y C.y>x>z D.z>y>x8.(3分)设函数y=(k≠0,x>0)的图象如图所示,若z=,则z关于x的函数图象可能为()A.B.C.D.9.(3分)已知关于x的一元二次方程3(x﹣x1)(x﹣x2)=0与一元一次方程3x﹣3=0有一个公共解x =x1,若一元二次方程3(x﹣x1)(x﹣x2)+(3x﹣3)=0有两个相等的实根,则x2=()A.﹣2B.﹣1C.2D.110.(3分)如图,点P是矩形ABCD内任意一点,连接PA,PB,PC,PD,记∠PAB=θ1,∠PBC=θ2,∠PCD=θ3,∠PDA=θ4,则下列结论正确的是()①S△P AD+S△PBC=S△P AB+S△PCD;②若∠APB=80°,∠DPC=50°,则θ1﹣θ2+θ3﹣θ4=50°;③PA2+PC2=PB2+PD2;④S△ABP=S△ADP,则P在对角线AC上.A.①②③B.①②④C.①③④D.①②③④二.细心填一填(每题3分,共18分)11.(3分)若代数式在实数范围内有意义,则x的取值范围是.12.(3分)若a为方程x2﹣3x﹣6=0的一个根,则代数式﹣3a2+9a﹣5的值为.13.(3分)在平面直角坐标系中,已知A(2,3),B(0,1),C(3,1),若线段AC与BD互相平分,则点D关于坐标原点的对称点的坐标为.14.(3分)对于反比例函数,当y<5且y≠0时,x的取值范围为.15.(3分)在△ABC中,AB=9,点D是AB的中点,过点D作DE∥BC,交AC于点E,点M在DE上,且,当AM⊥BM时,则BC的长为.16.(3分)折叠矩形纸片ABCD时,发现可以进行如下操作:①把△ADE翻折,点A落在DC边上的点F处,折痕为DE,点E在AB边上;②把纸片展开并铺平;③把△CDG翻折,点C落在线段AE上的点H处,折痕为DG,点G在BC边上,若AB=AD+2,EH=1,则AD=.二.认真答一答(共72分)17.(6分)计算:(1);(2)(2+)2﹣(2+)(2﹣).18.(6分)解方程:(1)x2﹣3x﹣18=0;(2)(x﹣2)(2x﹣3)=6.19.(8分)某中学开展“唱红歌”比赛活动,九年级(1)、(2)班根据初赛成绩,各选出5名选手参加复赛,两个班各选出的5名选手的复赛成绩如图所示.班级平均数(分)中位数众数九(1)8585九(2)80(1)根据图示填写上表;(2)结合两班复赛成绩的平均数和中位数,分析哪个班级的复赛成绩较好;(3)计算两班复赛成绩的方差,并说明哪个班级的成绩较稳定.20.(8分)小张准备进行如下实验操作:把一根长为20cm的铁丝剪成两段,并以每一段铁丝的长度为周长各做成一个正方形.(1)要使这两个正方形的面积之和等于13cm2,则这两个正方形的边长各是多少?(2)小张认为,这两个正方形的面积之和不可能等于11cm2.你认为他的说法正确吗?请说明理由.21.(10分)设函数y1=,y2=﹣(k>0).(1)当2≤x≤3时,函数y1的最大值是a,函数y2的最小值是a﹣4,求a和k的值.(2)设m≠0,且m≠﹣1,当x=m时,y1=p;当x=m+1时,y1=q.圆圆说:“p一定大于q”.你认为圆圆的说法正确吗?为什么?22.(10分)如图,四边形ABCD是平行四边形,对角线AC,BD交于点O,E是AD上一点,连接EO 并延长,交BC于点F.连接AF、CE,EF平分∠AEC.(1)求证:四边形AFCE是菱形;(2)若四边形AFCE的周长为12,两条对角线的和等于7,求四边形AFCE的面积S.23.(12分)【背景】在一次物理实验中,小冉同学用一固定电压为12V的蓄电池,通过调节滑动变阻器来改变电流大小,完成控制灯泡L(灯丝的阻值R L=2Ω)亮度的实验(如图),已知串联电路中,电流与电阻R、R L之间关系为,通过实验得出如下数据:R/Ω…12a46…I/A…b3 2.42 1.5…(1)a=,b=;(2)【探究】根据以上实验,构建出函数,结合表格信息,探究函数的图象与性质.①在平面直角坐标系中画出对应函数的图象;②随着自变量x的不断增大,函数值y的变化趋势是.(3)【拓展】结合(2)中函数图象分析,当x≥0时,的解集为.24.(12分)如图,在正方形ABCD中,点E在边AB上,点F在边BC的延长线上,且CF=AE,连接EF交边CD于点N,过点D作DH⊥EF,垂足为H,交BC于点M.(1)求∠DEF的度数;(2)当BE=4,CN=1时,求CM的长;(3)若点M是BC的中点,求证:DN﹣NC=BE.2023-2024学年浙江省杭州二中白马湖学校八年级(下)期末数学模拟试卷参考答案与试题解析一、精心选一选(每题3分,共30分)1.【分析】根据中心对称图形的定义:把一个图形绕某一点旋转180°,如果旋转后的图形能够与原来的图形重合,那么这个图形就叫做中心对称图形可得答案.【解答】解:选项A、B、C的图形均不能找到一个点,使图形绕某一点旋转180°后与原来的图形重合,所以不是中心对称图形;选项D的图形能找到一个点,使图形绕某一点旋转180°后与原来的图形重合,所以是中心对称图形.故选:D.【点评】本题主要考查了中心对称图形,解题的关键是找出对称中心.2.【分析】根据=|a|进行计算即可.【解答】解:A、=2,故原题计算正确;B、=2,故原题计算错误;C、=4,故原题计算错误;D、=4,故原题计算错误;故选:A.【点评】此题主要考查了算术平方根,关键是掌握一个正数x的平方等于a,即x2=a,那么这个正数x 叫做a的算术平方根.3.【分析】首先把二次项系数化为1,然后进行移项,再进行配方,方程左右两边同时加上一次项系数一半的平方,即可变形成左边是完全平方,右边是常数的形式.【解答】解:∵2x2﹣x﹣1=0∴2x2﹣x=1∴x2﹣x=∴x2﹣x+=+∴(x﹣)2=故选:D.【点评】配方法的一般步骤:(1)把常数项移到等号的右边;(2)把二次项的系数化为1;(3)等式两边同时加上一次项系数一半的平方.选择用配方法解一元二次方程时,最好使方程的二次项的系数为1,一次项的系数是2的倍数.4.【分析】利用多边形的内角和公式计算出五边形的内角和,然后结合三角形的外角和为360°即可得出答案.【解答】解:由题意可得α=(5﹣2)×180°=540°,β=360°,则α=β,故选:B.【点评】本题考查多边形的内角和与外角和,此为基础且重要知识点,必须熟练掌握.5.【分析】由于本题所给的命题是一个特称命题,故它的否定即为符合条件的反设,写出其否定,对照四个选项找出答案即可.【解答】解:用反证法证明命题:“一个三角形中,至少有一个内角不小于60°”时,由于此命题是特称命题,故应假设:“三角形中三个内角都小于60°”故选:B.【点评】本题考查反证法的基础概念,解答的关键是理解反证法的规则及特称命题的否定是全称命题,本题是基础概念考查题,要注意记忆与领会.6.【分析】依据矩形、菱形和正方形的判定方法,即可得到正确结论.【解答】解:A.有一个角是直角的四边形不一定是矩形,故本选项错误;B.两条对角线互相垂直的四边形不一定是菱形,故本选项错误;C.两条对角线互相垂直平分的四边形是菱形,故本选项错误;D.两条对角线相等的菱形是正方形,故本选项正确.故选:D.【点评】本题主要考查了矩形、菱形和正方形的判定,正方形的判定没有固定的方法,只要判定既是矩形又是菱形就可以判定.7.【分析】根据题意,可以判断x、y、z的大小关系,从而可以解答本题.【解答】解:由题意可得,若去掉一个最高分,平均分为x,则此时的x一定小于同时去掉一个最高分和一个最低分后的平均分为z,去掉一个最低分,平均分为y,则此时的y一定大于同时去掉一个最高分和一个最低分后的平均分为z,故y>z>x,故选:A.【点评】本题考查算术平均数,解答本题的关键是明确算术平均数的含义.8.【分析】根据反比例函数解析式以及z=,即可找出z关于x的函数解析式,再根据反比例函数图象在第一象限可得出k>0,结合x的取值范围即可得出结论.【解答】解:∵y=(k≠0,x>0),∴z===(k≠0,x>0).∵反比例函数y=(k≠0,x>0)的图象在第一象限,∴k>0,∴>0.∴z关于x的函数图象为第一象限内,且不包括原点的正比例的函数图象.故选:D.【点评】本题考查了反比例函数的图象以及正比例函数的图象,解题的关键是找出z关于x的函数解析式.本题属于基础题,难度不大,解决该题型题目时,根据分式的变换找出z关于x的函数关系式是关键.9.【分析】求出一元一次方程的解确定出已知两方程的公共解,即为x1的值,代入方程3(x﹣x1)(x﹣x2)+(3x﹣3)=0整理后,根据方程有两个相等的实数根,得到根的判别式等于0,求出x2的值即可.【解答】解:一元一次方程3x﹣3=0,移项得:3x=3,解得:x=1,∵关于x的一元二次方程3(x﹣x1)(x﹣x2)=0与一元一次方程3x﹣3=0有一个公共解x=x1,∴公共解为x=x1=1,把x1=1代入方程3(x﹣x1)(x﹣x2)+(3x﹣3)=0得:3(x﹣1)(x﹣x2)+(3x﹣3)=0,整理得:3x2﹣3x2x+3x2﹣3=0,∵此方程有两个相等的实数根,∴Δ=(﹣3x2)2﹣12(3x2﹣3)=0,即9﹣36x2+36=0,解得:x2=2.故选:C.【点评】此题考查了根与系数的关系,一元二次方程的解,以及根的判别式,熟练掌握各自的性质是解本题的关键.10.【分析】过点P作EF⊥AB于点E,交CD于点F,连接AC,则∠BEF=∠BAD=90°,可证明EF∥AD,EF=AD,进而推导出S矩形ABCD,则S△P AB+S△PCD=+S△PCD,可判断①正确;由∠APB=80°,∠DPC=50°,得∠PAB+∠PBA=100°,=S△P AB∠PCD+∠PDC=130°,而∠PBC=90°﹣∠PBA,则θ1﹣θ2=∠PAB﹣(90°﹣∠PBA)=10°;因为∠PDA=90°﹣∠PDC,所以θ3﹣θ4=∠PCD﹣(90°﹣∠PDC)=40°,则θ1﹣θ2+θ3﹣θ4=10°+40°=50°,可判断②正确;由PA2=AE2+PE2=DF2+PE2=AE2+PE2=AE2+PE2=AE2,PC2=CF2+PF2=BE2+PF2,得PA2+PC2=PE2+BE2+PF2+DF2由PB2=PE2+BE2,PD2=PF2+DF2,得PB2+PD2=PE2+BE2+PF2+DF2,则PA2+PC2=PB2+PD2,可判断③正确;由S△ABP=S△ADP,S△ADP+S△PBC=S△ABP+S,得S△PBC=S△PCD,则S△ABP+S△PBC=S△ADP+S△PCD=S矩形ABCD=S△ABC,所以点P在对角线AC △PCD上,可判断④正确,于是得到问题的答案.【解答】解:过点P作EF⊥AB于点E,交CD于点F,连接AC,∵四边形ABCD是矩形,∴∠BEF=∠BAD=90°,AB=CD,AB∥CD,AD∥BC,∴EF∥AD,∴EF=AD,∠PFC=∠ADC=90°,∴PF⊥CD,,∴S矩形ABCD+S△PBC=S矩形ABCD﹣(S△P AB+S△PCD,∴S△P AD+S△PBC=S△P AB+S△PCD,故①正确;∴S△P AD∴∠APB=80°,∠DPC=50°,∠ABC=∠ADC=90°,∴.∠PAB+∠PBA=180°﹣∠APB=100°,∠∠PCD+∠PDC=180°﹣∠DPC=130°,∵∠PBC=90°﹣∠PBA,∴θ1﹣θ2=∠PAB﹣∠PBC=∠PAB﹣(90°﹣∠PBA)=∠PAB+∠PBA﹣90°=10°,∵PDA=90°﹣∠PDC,∴θ3﹣θ4=∠PCD﹣∠PDA=∠PCD﹣(90°﹣∠PDC)=∠PCD+∠PDC﹣90°=40°,∴θ1﹣θ2+θ3﹣θ4=10°+40°=50°,故②正确;∴EF∥AD∥BC,AE⊥AD,DF⊥AD,BE⊥BC,CF⊥BC,∴AE=DF,BE=CF,∵PA2=AE2+PE2=DF2+PE2,FC2=CF2+PF2=BE2+PF2,∴PA2+PC2=PE2+BE2+PF2+DF2,∵PB2=PE2+BE2,PD2=PF2+DF2,PB2+PD2=PE2+BE2+PF2+DF2,∴PA2+PC2=PB2+PD2,故③正确;=S△ADP,S△ADP+S△PBC=S△ABP+S△PCD,∵S△ABP=S△PCD,∴S△PBC,∴S矩形ABCD+S△PBC=S△ABC,∴S△ABP∴点P在对角线AC上,故④正确,故选:D.【点评】本题重点考查矩形的性质、平行线的性质、三角形内角和定理、三角形的面积公式、矩形的面积公式、勾股定理等知识,正确地作出所要的辅助线是解题的关键.二.细心填一填(每题3分,共18分)11.【分析】主要考查代数式中字母的取值范围,代数式中主要有二次根式和分式两部分.【解答】解:根据二次根式的意义,被开方数2x﹣6≥0,解得x≥3;根据分式有意义的条件,2x﹣6≠0,解得x≠3.∴x>3.故答案为:x>3.【点评】考查了二次根式有意义的条件,函数自变量的范围一般从三个方面考虑:(1)当函数表达式是整式时,自变量可取全体实数;(2)当函数表达式是分式时,考虑分式的分母不能为0;(3)当函数表达式是二次根式时,被开方数非负数.12.【分析】先根据一元二次方程根的定义得到a2﹣3a=6,则﹣3a2+9a﹣5=﹣3(a2﹣3a)﹣5,然后利用整体代入的方法计算.【解答】解:∵a为方程x2﹣3x﹣6=0的一个根,∴a2﹣3a﹣6=0,∴a2﹣3a=6,∴﹣3a2+9a﹣5=﹣3(a2﹣3a)﹣5=﹣3×6﹣5=﹣23.故答案为:﹣23.【点评】本题考查了一元二次方程的解:能使一元二次方程左右两边相等的未知数的值是一元二次方程的解.13.【分析】直接利用平行四边形的性质得出D点坐标,进而利用关于原点对称点的性质得出答案.【解答】解:如图所示:∵A(2,3),B(0,1),C(3,1),线段AC与BD互相平分,∴D点坐标为:(5,3),∴点D关于坐标原点的对称点的坐标为:(﹣5,﹣3).故答案为:(﹣5,﹣3).【点评】此题主要考查了平行四边形的性质以及关于原点对称点的性质,正确得出D点坐标是解题关键.14.【分析】求出当y=4时,对应的自变量的值,再根据反比例函数k<0时,在每个象限内,y随x的增大而增大即可确定.【解答】解:当y=5时,5=﹣,解得x=﹣2,又∵k=﹣10<0,∴在每个象限内,y随x的增大而增大,故当y<5且y≠0时,有x>0或x<﹣2.故答案为:x>0或x<﹣2.【点评】本题考查了反比例函数的性质,正确理解反比例函数的增减性是解决本题的关键,结合函数的简图更易理解.15.【分析】根据直角三角形斜边上的中线的性质求出DM,取AC的中点F,连接DF,则DF是△ABC 的中位线,得DF∥BC,BC=2DF,然后证明点E与F重合,即可得出结论.【解答】解:∵AM⊥BM,∴∠AMB=90°,∵点D是AB的中点,AB=9,∴DM=AB=4.5,∵ME=DM,∴ME=1.5,∴DE=DM+ME=6,如图,取AC的中点F,连接DF,∵点D是AB的中点,∴DF是△ABC的中位线,∴DF∥BC,BC=2DF,∵DE∥BC,∴点E与F重合,∴BC=2DE=2×6=12,故答案为:12.【点评】本题考查的是三角形中位线定理以及直角三角形斜边上的中线性质等知识,熟练掌握三角形中位线定理是解题的关键.16.【分析】设AD=x,则AB=x+2,利用折叠的性质得DF=AD,EA=EF,∠DFE=∠A=90°,则可判断四边形AEFD为正方形,所以AE=AD=x,再根据折叠的性质得DH=DC=x+2,当AH=AE﹣HE =x﹣1,然后根据勾股定理得到x2+(x﹣1)2=(x+2)2,再解方程求出x即可.【解答】解:设AD=x,则AB=x+2,∵把△ADE翻折,点A落在DC边上的点F处,∴DF=AD,EA=EF,∠DFE=∠A=90°,∴四边形AEFD为正方形,∴AE=AD=x,∵把△CDG翻折,点C落在直线AE上的点H处,折痕为DG,点G在BC边上,∴DH=DC=x+2,∵HE=1,当AH=AE﹣HE=x﹣1,在Rt△ADH中,∵AD2+AH2=DH2,∴x2+(x﹣1)2=(x+2)2,整理得x2﹣6x﹣3=0,解得x1=3+2,x2=3﹣2(舍去),即AD的长为3+2.故答案为:3+2.【点评】本题考查了折叠的性质:折叠是一种对称变换,它属于轴对称,折叠前后图形的形状和大小不变,位置变化,对应边和对应角相等.也考查了矩形的性质和勾股定理.二.认真答一答(共72分)17.【分析】(1)化简二次根式,然后合并即可;(2)利用完全平方公式和平方差公式计算乘法后,合并即可.【解答】解:(1)原式=2+4﹣=5;(2)原式=4+4+3﹣(4﹣5)=4+3+1+4=8+4.【点评】本题考查了二次根式的混合运算,解题的关键是掌握二次根式的加减乘除运算法则.18.【分析】(1)利用因式分解法求解可得;(2)利用因式分解法求解可得.【解答】解:(1)x2﹣3x﹣18=0,(x﹣6)(x+3)=0,∴x﹣6=0或x+3=0,∴x1=6,x2=﹣3.(2)方程整理为一般式,得:2x2﹣7x=0,则x(2x﹣7)=0,∴x=0或2x﹣7=0,∴x1=0,x2=3.5.【点评】本题主要考查解一元二次方程的能力,熟练掌握解一元二次方程的几种常用方法:直接开平方法、因式分解法、公式法、配方法,结合方程的特点选择合适、简便的方法是解题的关键.19.【分析】(1)观察图分别写出九(1)班和九(2)班5名选手的复赛成绩,然后根据中位数的定义和平均数的求法以及众数的定义求解即可;(2)在平均数相同的情况下,中位数高的成绩较好;(3)根据方差公式计算即可:s2=[(x1﹣)2+(x2﹣)2+…+(x n﹣)2](可简单记忆为“等于差方的平均数”)【解答】解:(1)由图可知九(1)班5名选手的复赛成绩为:75、80、85、85、100,九(2)班5名选手的复赛成绩为:70、100、100、75、80,九(1)的平均数为(75+80+85+85+100)÷5=85,九(1)的中位数为85,九(1)的众数为85,把九(2)的成绩按从小到大的顺序排列为:70、75、80、100、100,九(2)班的中位数是80;九(2)班的众数是100;九(2)的平均数为(70+75+80+100+100)÷5=85,班级平均数(分)中位数(分)众数(分)九(1)858585九(2)8580100(2)九(1)班成绩好些.因为九(1)班的中位数高,所以九(1)班成绩好些.(回答合理即可给分)(3)=[(75﹣85)2+(80﹣85)2+(85﹣85)2+(85﹣85)2+(100﹣85)2]=70,=[(70﹣85)2+(100﹣85)2+(100﹣85)2+(75﹣85)2+(80﹣85)2]=160.【点评】本题考查了中位数、众数以及平均数的求法,同时也考查了方差公式,解题的关键是牢记定义并能熟练运用公式.20.【分析】(1)这段铁丝被分成两段后,以每一段铁丝的长度为周长各做成一个正方形.设其中一个正方形的边长为xcm,则另一个正方形的边长为(5﹣x)cm,根据“两个正方形的面积之和等于13cm2”作为相等关系列方程,解方程即可求解;(2)设两个正方形的面积和为ycm2,可得二次函数y=x2+(5﹣x)2=2(x﹣)2+,利用二次函数的最值的求法可求得y的最小值是12.5,所以可判断两个正方形的面积之和不可能等于11cm2.【解答】解:(1)设其中一个正方形的边长为xcm,则另一个正方形的边长为(5﹣x)cm,依题意列方程得x2+(5﹣x)2=13,整理得:x2﹣5x+6=0,(x﹣2)(x﹣3)=0,解方程得x1=2,x2=3,因此这两个正方形的边长分别是2cm、3cm;(2)两个正方形的面积之和不可能等于11cm2.理由:设两个正方形的面积和为ycm2,则y=x2+(5﹣x)2=2(x﹣)2+,∵a=2>0,∴当x=时,y的最小值=12.5>11,∴两个正方形的面积之和不可能等于11cm2.【点评】此题考查了一元二次方程的应用,等量关系是:两个正方形的面积之和=13.读懂题意,找到等量关系准确地列出方程是解题的关键.21.【分析】(1)由反比例函数的性质可得,①;﹣=a﹣4,②;可求a的值和k的值;(2)设m=m0,且﹣1<m0<0,将x=m0,x=m0+1,代入解析式,可求p和q,即可判断.【解答】解:(1)∵k>0,2≤x≤3,∴y1随x的增大而减小,y2随x的增大而增大,∴当x=2时,y1最大值为,①;当x=2时,y2最小值为﹣=a﹣4,②;由①,②得:a=2,k=4;(2)圆圆的说法不正确,理由如下:设m=m0,且﹣1<m0<0,则m0<0,m0+1>0,∴当x=m0时,p=y1=,当x=m0+1时,q=y1=>0,∴p<0<q,∴圆圆的说法不正确.方法二、当x=m时,p=y1=,当x=m+1时,q=y1=,∴p﹣q=﹣=,∴当m<﹣1时,则p﹣q=>0,∴p>q,当﹣1<m<0时,则p﹣q=<0,∴p<q,当m>0时,则p﹣q=>0,∴p>q,∴圆圆的说法不正确.【点评】本题考查了反比例函数的性质,掌握反比例函数的性质是本题的关键.22.【分析】(1)由“AAS”证明△AOE≌△COF,得AE=CF,证出四边形AFCE是平行四边形,再利用角平分线性质和等腰三角形性质得到CE=CF,即可得出结论;(2)由题意得四边形AFCE的边长为4,设AC=x,EF=y,则x+y=7,进而得到x2+2xy+y2=49,利用菱形的性质和勾股定理得到,进而得到xy,最后根据菱形的面积公式求解,即可解题.【解答】(1)证明:∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,对角线AC,BD交于点O,∴AE∥FC,AO=CO,∴∠AEO=∠CFO,∵∠AOE=∠COF,∴△AOE≌△COF(AAS),∴AE=CF,∴四边形AFCE是平行四边形,∵EF平分∠AEC,∴∠AEO=∠CEO,∴∠CFO=∠CEO,∴CE=CF,∴四边形AFCE是菱形;(2)解:∵四边形AFCE的周长为12,∴AE=FC=CE=AF=3,∵两条对角线的和等于7,设AC=x,EF=y,∴x+y=7,∴(x+y)2=x2+2xy+y2=49,∵四边形AFCE是菱形,∴AC⊥EF于点O,,,∴,即x2+y2=36,∴2xy+36=49,∴,∴四边形AFCE的面积.【点评】本题考查了菱形的判定与性质、平行四边形的判定与性质、角平分线性质、全等三角形的判定与性质、勾股定理等知识;熟练掌握菱形的判定与性质是解题的关键.23.【分析】(1)由已知列出方程,即可求解,(2)①用描点法,画出图象,②根据烦你里函数的图象性质,即可求解,(3)作函数y=﹣x+6的图象,根据图象,即可求解.【解答】解:(1)根据题意得:,,∴a=3,b=4,故答案为:3,4,(2)①根据表格数据描点,在平面直角坐标系中函数的图象如图1:②由图象可知随着自变量x的不断增大,函数值y的不断减小,故答案为:不断减小;(3)作函数y=﹣x+6的图象,如图2,由函数图象可知,当x≥4或x=0时,,即当x≥0时,的解集为:x≥4或x=0,故答案为:x≥4或x=0.【点评】本题考查了反比例函数的应用,解题的关键是:画出函数图象,应用数形结合的思想.24.【分析】(1)连接DF,利用SAS证明△ADE≌△CDF,可得DE=DF,再证明∠EDF=90°,可求解;(2)利用AAS证明FMH≌△DNH可得FM=DN,再根据CM=FM﹣CF可得CM=BE﹣CN,即可求解;(3)由中点的定义设BM=CM=a,AE=CF=b,则AB=CD=BC=2a,BE=2a﹣b,FM=a+b,可得NC=a﹣b,DN=a+b,DN﹣NC=2b,连接EM,利用勾股定理可算得2a=3b,进而可求得BE=2b,即可证明结论.【解答】(1)解:连接DF,在正方形ABCD中,AD=CD,∠A=∠BCD=∠ADC=90°,∴∠DCF=90°,∴∠A=∠DCF,在△ADE和△CDF中,,∴△ADE≌△CDF(SAS),∴DE=DF,∠ADE=∠CDF,∵∠ADE+∠EDC=90°,∴∠CDF+∠EDC=∠EDF=90°,∴∠DEF=45°;(2)解:∵△DEF为等腰直角三角形,DH⊥EF,∴DH=FH,∠DHN=∠FHM=90°,∴∠FMH+∠MFH=90°,∵∠DCF=90°,∠DNH=∠CNF,∴∠MFH+∠CNF=∠MFH+∠DNH=90°,∴∠FMH=∠DNH.在△FMH和△DNH中.,∴△FMH≌△DNH(AAS),∴FM=DN,∵BE=4,CN=1,∴CM=FM﹣CF=DN﹣AE=CD﹣CN﹣AE=BE﹣CN=4﹣1=3;(3)证明:∵M是BC的中点,∴BC=2CM=2BM,设BM=CM=a,AE=CF=b,则AB=CD=BC=2a,BE=2a﹣b,FM=a+b,∵CM=BE﹣NC,∴NC=BE﹣CM=2a﹣b﹣a=a﹣b,∴DN=CD﹣NC=2a﹣(a﹣b)=a+b,∴DN﹣NC=(a+b)﹣(a﹣b)=2b,连接EM,∵DH垂直平分EF,∴EM=FM=a+b,∵BM2+BE2=EM2,∴a2+(2a﹣b)2=(a+b)2,∴2a=3b,∴BE=2a﹣b=2b,∴DN﹣NC=BE.【点评】本题考查正方形的性质,勾股定理,等腰直角三角形,全等三角形的性质及判定,构造全等三角形是解题的关键。
2018-2019学年浙江省杭州二中白马湖学校九年级(下)开学生物试卷-解析版
2018-2019学年浙江省杭州二中白马湖学校九年级(下)开学生物试卷一、选择题(本大题共5小题,共15.0分)1.某同学设计的实验装置及实验结果如图所示,下列关于该实验的分析最合理的是()A. 该实验的目的是探究幼苗生长是否需要水B. 该实验结果应观察并记录幼苗根的总数量C. 该实验中其对照作用的变量是幼苗左右两侧土壤含水量不同D. 该实验证明了根的生长具有向地性2.如图表示一种培育生物优良新品种的方法,该方法称为()A. 杂交育种B. 转基因技术C. 克隆技术D. 太空育种3.小金用普通光学显微镜观察下列细胞,其中描述正确的一项是()A. 在洋葱鳞片叶内表皮细胞中观察到叶绿体B. 观察到人口腔上皮细胞的形状有圆形、多边形、圆柱状等C. 在紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞中观察到淡紫色的淀粉分子D. 在紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞中观察到细胞壁4.()D. D5.如图是米勒实验原始大气合成有机物的实验装置,有关叙述错误的是()A. 装置中CH4、NH3、H2O、H2四种气体用于横拟原始地球的大气B. 火花放电横拟闪电C. 烧瓶中的清水模拟了高温条件下的原始海洋D. 该实验证明了原始海洋中的有机物可能会演变成原始生命二、简答题(本大题共3小题,共16.0分)6.杭州某中学的小胡同学早晨仅吃了一小片奶油面包就匆匆去参加学校秋季运动会的1500米长跑比赛.赛后,小胡感到头晕乏力,双腿酸胀.请回答下列问题:(1)小胡将奶油面包中的淀粉摄取到体内并转化成骨骼肌中的葡萄糖,这一过程属于新陈代谢的______作用.(2)跑步时小胡的呼吸和脉博明显加快,从而及时为骨骼肌细胞运送______;请写出其中某种成分从小胡肺泡毛细血管中运送至骨骼肌细胞的途径或路线______.(3)赛后小胡感到头晕乏力的最可能原因是什么?______双腿酸胀的原因是什么?______.7.幽门螺旋杆菌是一种具有螺旋结构及鞭毛的细菌,当人胃部表皮细胞受到幽门螺旋杆菌感染时,会分泌水解酶(FUCA2),催化水解糖蛋白氨链上的岩藻糖;幽门螺旋杆菌可以摄入胃部表皮细胞上岩藻糖的水解产物,获得生长的养分与能量,此外,幽门螺旋杆菌可能过饮食等途径传染给健康人,根据上述信息回答下列问题.(1)幽门螺旋杆菌与霉菌在细胞结构上最本质的差异是______;(2)FUCA2的催化作用具有______的特点,若按同化作用的方式进行区分,幽门螺旋杆菌的营养方式属于______;(3)幽门螺旋杆菌可以通过______方式繁殖后代,从生态学角度看,某患者胃部所有幽门螺旋杆菌可以作为一个______;(4)聚餐时使用“公筷”有利于预防幽门螺旋杆菌传染,这种预防传染病流行的措施属于______.8.课本上研究影响植物蒸腾作用因素的实验,如图所示。
浙江省杭州市滨江区杭州二中白马湖学校2023—2024学年八年级上学期期末考试数学试题(含答案)
浙江省杭州市萧山区高桥初中教育集团2023-2024学年九年级上学期10月月考数学试题一.选择题(共10小题,每小题3分)1.(3分)下列说法正确的是( )A.任意掷一枚质地均匀的硬币10次,一定有5次正面向上B.“明天太阳从西方升起”是不可能事件C.“篮球队员在罚球线上投篮一次,投中”为必然事件D.“a是实数,|a|≥0”是随机事件2.(3分)下列函数中,属于二次函数的是( )A.B.C.y=﹣3x+2D.3.(3分)有5张仅有编号不同的卡片,编号分别是2,3,4,5,6.从中随机抽取一张,编号是奇数的概率( )A.B.C.D.4.(3分)对于抛物线y=﹣2(x﹣1)2+3,下列判断正确的是( )A.抛物线的开口向上B.抛物线的顶点坐标是(﹣1,3)C.对称轴为直线x=1D.当x=3时,y>05.(3分)把抛物线y=x2+1向右平移3个单位,再向下平移2个单位,得到抛物线( )A.y=(x+3)2﹣1B.y=(x+3)2+3C.y=(x﹣3)2﹣1D.y=(x﹣3)2+36.(3分)已知点(﹣1,y1),(3,y2),(,y3)在函数y=x2+2x+m的图象上,则y1,y2,y3的大小关系是( )A.y1>y2>y3B.y2>y1>y3C.y2>y3>y1D.y3>y1>y2 7.(3分)已知y=x2+mx+1,当0≤x≤5时,y随x的增大而减小,则m的取值范围是( )A.m≤﹣10B.m≤﹣8C.m≤﹣6D.m≤﹣58.(3分)如图,一次函数y1=x与二次函数图象相交于P、Q两点,则一元二次方程ax2+(b﹣1)x+c=0的根的说法正确的是( )A.有两个负根B.有两个正根C.有一正一负的两根D.无实数根9.(3分)某商店销售一批头盔,售价为每顶80元,每月可售出200顶.在“创建文明城市”期间,计划将头盔降价销售,经调查发现:每降价1元,每月可多售出20顶.已知头盔的进价为每顶50元,则该商店每月获得最大利润时,每顶头盔的售价为( )元.A.50B.90C.80D.7010.(3分)已知二次函数y=﹣2x2+c,如果当m≤x≤m+2≤0时,p≤y≤q,则下列说法正确的是( )A.q﹣p有最大值,也有最小值B.q﹣p有最大值,没有最小值C.q﹣p没有最大值,有最小值D.q﹣p没有最大值,也没有最小值二.填空题(共6小题,每小题4分)11.(4分)已知二次函数的图象开口向上,且经过点(0,1),写出一个符合题意的二次函数的表达式 .12.(4分)根据下表判断方程ax2+bx+c=0(a≠0,a,b,c为常数)的一个解x的取值范围是 x0.40.50.60.7ax2+bx+c﹣0.64﹣0.250.160.5913.(4分)有两道门,各配有2把钥匙.这4把钥匙分放在2个抽屉里,使每个抽屉里恰好有每一道门的1把钥匙,若从每个抽屉里任取1把钥匙,则能打开两道门的概率是 .14.(4分)已知y=2x﹣1,且,令S=xy,则函数S的取值范围是 .15.(4分)二次函数y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)图象如图,下列结论:①abc>0;②2a+b=0;③当m≠1时,a+b>am2+bm;④a﹣b+c>0;⑤若+bx1=+bx2,且x1≠x2,x1+x2=2.其中正确的有 .16.(4分)已知函数y=x2+bx+c(b为常数),当1≤x≤7时,函数的最大值与最小值之差为25,则b的值为 .三、解答题(本大题共8小题,共66分)17.(6分)已知二次函数图象经过点A(1,0),B(﹣3,0),C(0,﹣3).(1)求该二次函数的表达式.(2)求该抛物线顶点坐标.18.(6分)在一个不透明的盒子里装有颜色不同的黑、白两种球共60个,它们除颜色不同外,其余都相同,王颖做摸球试验,她将盒子里面的球搅匀后从中随机摸出一个球记下颜色,再把它放回盒子中搅匀,经过大量重复上述摸球的过程,发现摸到白球的频率稳定于0.25,(1)请估计摸到白球的概率将会接近 ;(2)如果要使摸到白球的概率为,需要往盒子里再放入多少个白球?19.(8分)如图,一位篮球运动员在距离篮圈中心水平距离4m处跳起投篮,球沿一条抛物线运动,当球运动的水平距离为2.5m时,达到最大高度3.5m,然后准确落入篮筐内,已知篮圈中心距离地面高度为3.05m,试解答下列问题:(1)建立图中所示的平面直角坐标系,求抛物线所对应的函数表达式.(2)这次跳投时,球出手处离地面多高?20.(8分)如图,转盘黑色扇形和白色扇形的圆心角分别为120°和240°.(1)让转盘自由转动一次,指针落在白色区域的概率是多少?(2)让转盘自由转动两次,请用树状图或者列表法求出指针一次落在白色区域,另一次落在黑色区域的概率.(注:当指针恰好指在分界线上时,无效重转)21.(8分)如图,现打算用60m的篱笆围成一个“日”字形菜园ABCD(含隔离栏EF),菜园的一面靠墙MN,墙MN可利用的长度为39m.(篱笆的宽度忽略不计)(1)菜园面积可能为252m2吗?若可能,求边长AB的长,若不可能,说明理由.(2)因场地限制,菜园的宽度AB不能超过8m,求该菜园面积的最大值.22.(8分)现有2,1,﹣1三个数,选择合适的方法求下列事件的概率.(1)随机抽取一个数,作为函数y=(m﹣1)x2+mx+1中m的值,恰好使所得函数的图象与x轴只有一个交点.(2)先后抽取两个不同的数,作为a,b的值,恰好使得点P(a,b)在抛物线y=﹣x2+x+2图象上.23.(10分)如图,抛物线y1=﹣x2+2x+c与x轴交于A、B两点,若直线y2=x+1与抛物线交于A、C两点,已知C点的横坐标为2.(1)求抛物线与x轴的交点坐标;(2)根据图象判断,当x满足什么条件时,y1<y2;(3)抛物线上有两点M(m,p),N(m+4,q),且p>q,求m的取值范围.24.(12分)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,O为坐标原点,抛物线y=﹣x2+2x+3与x轴正半轴交于点A,与y轴交于点B.点P为该抛物线上的任意一点,过点P分别向x轴、y 轴作垂线,构造矩形PMON,垂足分别为M、N.设点P的横坐标为m.(1)分别求点A、点B的坐标;(2)当点P在x轴上方时,此时矩形PMON的周长L是否存在最值?若存在,请求出最值;若不存在,请说明理由;(3)当抛物线在矩形PMON内的部分所对应的函数值y随x的增大而增大时,直接写出m的取值范围.参考答案一.选择题(共10小题,每小题3分)1.B ;2.A ;3.B ;4.C ;5.C ;6.C ;7.A ;8.B ;9.D ;10.C ;二.填空题(共6小题,每小题4分)11.y =x 2+1(答案不唯一);12.0.5<x <0.6;13.;14﹣≤S ≤0;14.②③⑤;16.﹣4或﹣12.;三、解答题(本大题共8小题,共66分)17.(1)y =x 2+2x ﹣3;(2)(﹣1,﹣4).;18.0.25;220.(1).(2).;21.(1)设AB 的长为x m,则BC 的长为(60-3x )m,根据题意得:x (60-3x )=252,解得x=6或x=14,当x=6时,BC=60-18=42>39,舍去;当x=14时,BC=60-42=18<39,满足题意,∴花园面积可能是252m 2,此时边AB 长为14m ;(2)设AB 的长为x m,菜园面积为y m 2,由题意得:y=x (60-3x )=-3x 2+60x=-3(x-10)2+300,∵-3<0,∴当x <10时,y 随x 的增大而增大,∵x ≤8,∴当x=8时,y 最大,最大值为288;22.(1).(2).;23.(1)抛物线与x轴的交点坐标为:(﹣1,0)、(3,0);(2)x<﹣1或x>2;(3)m>﹣1.;24.(1)A(3,0),B(0,3);(2)当m=时,矩形PMON的周长L有最大值,矩形PMON的周长L的最大值为.(3)m<﹣1或0<m<2.。
杭 二中白马湖学校2018-2019学年第二学期初二语文开学考试卷
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2023-2024学年浙江省杭州二中白马湖学校九年级(下)开学数学试卷(含解析)
2023-2024学年浙江省杭州二中白马湖学校九年级(下)开学数学试卷一.选择题(共10小题)1.(3分)已知点A是⊙O外一点,且⊙O的半径为3,则OA可能为( )A.1B.2C.3D.42.(3分)某商场进行抽奖活动,每名顾客购物满100元可以获得一次抽奖机会.抽奖箱中只有两种卡片:“中奖”和“谢谢惠顾”(两种卡片形状大小相同、质地均匀).下表是活动进行中的一组统计数据:抽奖次数n1001502008001000抽到“中奖”卡片的次数m385669258299中奖的频率0.380.3730.3450.3230.299根据频率的稳定性,估计抽奖一次就中奖的概率约是( )A.0.40B.0.35C.0.30D.0.253.(3分)若把二次函数y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)的图象向左平移2个单位或向右平移1个单位后都会经过原点,此二次函数图象的对称轴是( )A.直线x=﹣0.5B.直线x=0.5C.直线x=﹣1.5D.直线x=1.54.(3分)如图,DE∥AC,DF∥BC,,则DF的长为( )A.B.5C.6D.155.(3分)二次函数y=ax2+bx的图象如图所示,若一元二次方程ax2+bx﹣m=1有实数根,则m的最大值为( )A.4B.﹣4C.3D.﹣36.(3分)如果一个正九边形的边长为a,那么这个正九边形的半径是( )A.B.C.D.7.(3分)如图,在△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,将此三角形绕点C沿顺时针方向旋转后得到△A′B′C,若点B′恰好落在线段AB上,则∠ACB′的度数是( )A.20°B.10°C.30°D.40°8.(3分)一枚质地均匀的正方体骰子(六个面分别标有数字1,2,3,4,5,6),投掷5次,分别记录每次骰子向上的一面出现的数字.根据下面的统计结果( )A.中位数是3,众数是2B.平均数是3,中位数是2C.平均数是3,方差是2D.平均数是3,众数是29.(3分)如图,在矩形ABCD中,AB<BC,分别以点A,C为圆心AC的长为半径画弧,两弧交于点M,N,BC于点E,F.下列结论:①四边形AECF是菱形;③AC•EF=CF •CD;④若AF平分∠BAC AB.其中正确结论的个数是( )A.4B.3C.2D.110.(3分)已知二次函数y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0),当y>n时,x的取值范围是m﹣4<x<2﹣m,t2+5),Q(s,4t)两点,则s的值可能是( )A.3B.2C.0D.1二.填空题(共6小题)11.(3分)已知点C是线段AB的黄金分割点,如果AC>BC,BC=2 .12.(3分)圆锥的母线长8cm,底面圆的周长为12cm,则该圆锥的侧面积为 .13.(3分)如图,点A、点B、点C均在⊙O上,AD是直径且AD=2,则AC的长为 .14.(3分)现有7张正面分别标有数字﹣3,﹣2,﹣1,0,1,2,将它们背面朝上,洗匀后从中随机抽取一张,使以x为自变量的函数y=3x2+12x+8a的顶点落在第二象限的概率是 15.(3分)若x2﹣2x+4y=5,且﹣≤y≤ ,最大值为 .16.(3分)已知△ABC中,AC<AB<BC,且满足AB2=AC×BC.若BC=4,∠A=90°+,则AC= ,AB= .二.解答题(共8小题)17.计算:tan260°+2sin30°cos45°.18.口袋里只有8个球,除颜色外都相同,其中有x个红球,没有其他颜色的球,从中随意摸出一个球:(1),分别求x和y的值.(2)在(1)的条件下,现从布袋中取走若干个白球,搅拌均匀后,再从口袋中摸出一个球是红球的概率是19.如图,彩旗旗杆AB用AC,AD两根钢丝固定在地面上,B,C,D在同一平面内,AB⊥CD,cos∠ACB=,cos∠ADB=.(1)求旗杆AB部分的长.(2)求钢丝的总长度.(结果保留根号)20.如图,一小球从点A处以4米/秒的速度水平匀速抛出,下落过程中水平方向速度不变,点M是下落路线的某位置,点A(米)与飞出时间t(秒)的平方成正比,h=0.05米.(1)求h关于t的函数表达式.(2)已知A点的离地高度AQ为3.2米,求小球的落地位置P点与A点的水平距离PQ.21.如图,⊙O的两条弦AB,CD互相垂直,直径CF交线段BE于点G,且.(1)求证:;(2)若⊙O的半径为4,AB=6,求AG的长.22.已知抛物线y=ax2+bx﹣3(a>0)交x轴于A(﹣1,0)、B(3,0),点M(m,t)是第四象限内抛物线上的一个动点.(1)求a,b的值;(2)若点N(n,t)在该抛物线上,且n<m,求m2+kn﹣3k+2023的值.23.问题提出:如图1,在△ABC中,AB=AC,,点D为AB中点,E在边BC上,落点为点F.那么随着k的变化,点E【初步感知】(1)我们先来探究点E的位置,先将问题特殊化.如图2,当k=1 时的值;【深入探究】(2)再探究一般情形.如图1,请证明(1)中的结论仍然成立的值(结果用含k的代数式表示);【拓展运用】(3)如图3,当∠A=30°时,请直接写出24.如图,AB,AC,且AD平分∠BAC.(1)如图1,若∠BAC=120°,测量AB,AD的长度,猜想它们之间的数量关系为: ;(2)如图2,若∠BAC=90°,求证:;(3)如图3,若∠BAC=2θ(0°<θ<90°),直接写出AB,AD与θ角三角函数之间的数量关系.参考答案与试题解析一.选择题(共10小题)1.(3分)已知点A是⊙O外一点,且⊙O的半径为3,则OA可能为( )A.1B.2C.3D.4【解答】解:∵点A是⊙O外一点,且⊙O的半径为3,∴OA>3.故选:D.2.(3分)某商场进行抽奖活动,每名顾客购物满100元可以获得一次抽奖机会.抽奖箱中只有两种卡片:“中奖”和“谢谢惠顾”(两种卡片形状大小相同、质地均匀).下表是活动进行中的一组统计数据:抽奖次数n1001502008001000抽到“中奖”卡片的次数m385669258299中奖的频率0.380.3730.3450.3230.299根据频率的稳定性,估计抽奖一次就中奖的概率约是( )A.0.40B.0.35C.0.30D.0.25【解答】解:根据频率的稳定性,估计抽奖一次就中奖的概率约是0.30,故选:C.3.(3分)若把二次函数y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)的图象向左平移2个单位或向右平移1个单位后都会经过原点,此二次函数图象的对称轴是( )A.直线x=﹣0.5B.直线x=0.5C.直线x=﹣1.5D.直线x=1.5【解答】解:∵把二次函数y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)的图象向左平移5个单位或向右平移1个单位后都会经过原点,∴该二次函数图象与x轴的交点坐标为(﹣1,4),0),∴此二次函数图象的对称轴是直线,故答案为:B.4.(3分)如图,DE∥AC,DF∥BC,,则DF的长为( )A.B.5C.6D.15【解答】解:∵DE∥AC,∴=,即=,∴CE=6.∵DE∥AC,DF∥BC,∴四边形DECF是平行四边形,∴DF=CE=6.故选:C.5.(3分)二次函数y=ax2+bx的图象如图所示,若一元二次方程ax2+bx﹣m=1有实数根,则m的最大值为( )A.4B.﹣4C.3D.﹣3【解答】解:由图象可得,二次函数y=ax2+bx的最大值是y=4,∵一元二次方程ax4+bx﹣m=1有实数根,即一元二次方程ax2+bx=m+7有实数根,也就是y=ax2+bx与y=m+1有交点,∴m+2≤4,解得:m≤3,∴m的最大值是7,故选:C.6.(3分)如果一个正九边形的边长为a,那么这个正九边形的半径是( )A.B.C.D.【解答】解:如图,设圆内接正九边形的一条边为AB=a、OB,∴∠AOB==40°,过点O作OM⊥AB,交AB于点M a,∠AOM=20°,在Rt△OAM中,∵sin∠AOM=,∴OA===,故选:C.7.(3分)如图,在△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,将此三角形绕点C沿顺时针方向旋转后得到△A′B′C,若点B′恰好落在线段AB上,则∠ACB′的度数是( )A.20°B.10°C.30°D.40°【解答】解:在三角形ABC中,∠ACB=90°,∴∠A=180°﹣∠ACB﹣∠B=40°.由旋转的性质可知:BC=B′C,∴∠B=∠BB′C=50°.又∵∠BB′C=∠A+∠ACB′=40°+∠ACB′,∴∠ACB′=10°.故选:B.8.(3分)一枚质地均匀的正方体骰子(六个面分别标有数字1,2,3,4,5,6),投掷5次,分别记录每次骰子向上的一面出现的数字.根据下面的统计结果( )A.中位数是3,众数是2B.平均数是3,中位数是2C.平均数是3,方差是2D.平均数是3,众数是2【解答】解:当中位数是3,众数是2时,4,3,4,2或2,2,8,4,2,3,5,6,故A选项不合题意;当平均数是4,中位数是2时,记录的5个数字可能为2,1,2,6,2,2,8,5,故B 选项不合题意;当平均数是3,方差是3时,假设6出现了1次,5,2,3,此时方差s2=×[5×(2﹣3)6+(3﹣3)6+(6﹣3)4]=2.4>6,因此假设不成立,故C选项符合题意;当平均数是3,众数是2时,8至少出现两次,2,2,7,6,故D选项不合题意;故选:C.9.(3分)如图,在矩形ABCD中,AB<BC,分别以点A,C为圆心AC的长为半径画弧,两弧交于点M,N,BC于点E,F.下列结论:①四边形AECF是菱形;③AC•EF=CF •CD;④若AF平分∠BAC AB.其中正确结论的个数是( )A.4B.3C.2D.1【解答】解:根据题意知,EF垂直平分AC,在△AOE和△COF中,,∴△AOE≌△COF(ASA),∴OE=OF,∴AE=AF=CF=CE,即四边形AECF是菱形,故①结论正确;∵∠AFB=∠FAO+∠ACB,AF=FC,∴∠FAO=∠ACB,∴∠AFB=2∠ACB,故②结论正确;∵S四边形AECF=CF•CD=AC•OE×2=,故③结论不正确;若AF平分∠BAC,则∠BAF=∠FAC=∠CAD=,∴AF=2BF,∵CF=AF,∴CF=2BF,故④结论不正确;故选:C.10.(3分)已知二次函数y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0),当y>n时,x的取值范围是m﹣4<x<2﹣m,t2+5),Q(s,4t)两点,则s的值可能是( )A.3B.2C.0D.1【解答】解:如图,根据题意可知.对称轴为x==﹣1,∵t2+2﹣4t=(t﹣2)3+1>0,∴与点Q相比,点P更靠近对称轴,即4﹣(﹣1)<|s﹣(﹣1)|,整理得|s+6|>3.∴当s+1≥5时,有s+1>3,解得s>2;当s+1<0时,有﹣(s+2)>3,解得s<﹣4.综上,s>6或s<﹣4.故选:A.二.填空题(共6小题)11.(3分)已知点C是线段AB的黄金分割点,如果AC>BC,BC=2+1 .【解答】解:∵点C是线段AB的黄金分割点,AC>BC,∴AC=AB,∵AB﹣AC=BC,∴AB﹣AB=2,解得:AB=3+,则AC=AB﹣BC=+1,故答案为:+1.12.(3分)圆锥的母线长8cm,底面圆的周长为12cm,则该圆锥的侧面积为 48cm2.【解答】解:根据题意得,该圆锥的侧面积=2,故答案为:48cm2.13.(3分)如图,点A、点B、点C均在⊙O上,AD是直径且AD=2,则AC的长为.【解答】解:连接OC,∵∠B=45°,∴∠COA=2∠B=90°,∵直径AD=2,∴OA=OC=7,在Rt△AOC中,AC==.故答案为:.14.(3分)现有7张正面分别标有数字﹣3,﹣2,﹣1,0,1,2,将它们背面朝上,洗匀后从中随机抽取一张,使以x为自变量的函数y=3x2+12x+8a的顶点落在第二象限的概率是【解答】解:函数y=3x2+12x+2a的顶点坐标为(﹣2,8a﹣12),当顶点坐标在第二象限时,2a﹣12>0,∵数字﹣3,﹣2,8,1,2,7中,2,∴7个数中有两个数符合,∴x为自变量的函数y=3x8+12x+8a的顶点落在第二象限的概率=.故答案为:.15.(3分)若x2﹣2x+4y=5,且﹣≤y≤ ﹣,最大值为.【解答】解:∵x2﹣2x+2y=5,∴y==﹣2+,∴﹣≤﹣6+≤,∴﹣2≤x≤7.∵x2﹣2x+7y=5,∴4y=﹣x2+2x+5,∴4(x+2y)=2x+7y=﹣x2+4x+2=﹣(x﹣2)2+7,∴x+2y=,∵﹣5≤x≤4,∴﹣≤x+2y≤,故答案为:﹣,.16.(3分)已知△ABC中,AC<AB<BC,且满足AB2=AC×BC.若BC=4,∠A=90°+,则AC= 2 ,AB= 2.【解答】解:如图,过点A作AD⊥BC于点D,∵,∴,∵∠C=∠C,∴△CAD∽△BCA,∴,∴AB2=AC×BC,∴,∵BC=4,∴AC=2,∴AB==2,故答案为:6,2.二.解答题(共8小题)17.计算:tan260°+2sin30°cos45°.【解答】解:原式=()2+5××=3+.18.口袋里只有8个球,除颜色外都相同,其中有x个红球,没有其他颜色的球,从中随意摸出一个球:(1),分别求x和y的值.(2)在(1)的条件下,现从布袋中取走若干个白球,搅拌均匀后,再从口袋中摸出一个球是红球的概率是【解答】解:(1)∵摸到红球与摸到白球的可能性相等,且x+y=8,∴x=y=4;(2)设取走x个白球,放入x个红球,红球(4+x)个,根据题意得,=,解得x=3,答:取走2个白球.19.如图,彩旗旗杆AB用AC,AD两根钢丝固定在地面上,B,C,D在同一平面内,AB⊥CD,cos∠ACB=,cos∠ADB=.(1)求旗杆AB部分的长.(2)求钢丝的总长度.(结果保留根号)【解答】解:(1)∵,∴∠ACB=45°,∴tan∠ACB=2,∵AB⊥CD,∴∠ABC=∠ABD=90°.∴AB=tan∠ACB×BC=2,∴旗杆AB部分的长2;(2)∵∠ABC=90°,AB=6,∴,∵,∴∠ADB=30°,∵∠ABD=90°,∴AD=2AB=4,∴钢丝的总长度=.20.如图,一小球从点A处以4米/秒的速度水平匀速抛出,下落过程中水平方向速度不变,点M是下落路线的某位置,点A(米)与飞出时间t(秒)的平方成正比,h=0.05米.(1)求h关于t的函数表达式.(2)已知A点的离地高度AQ为3.2米,求小球的落地位置P点与A点的水平距离PQ.【解答】解:(1)由题意,∵点M的竖直距离h(米)与飞出时间t(秒)的平方成正比,∴可设h=kt2.∵当t=0.3秒时,h=0.05米,∴0.01k=6.05.∴k=5.∴h=5t6.(2)由题意,结合(1)的h=5t2,∴5.2=5t7.∴t2=0.64.∴t=6.8.∴PQ=0.5×4=3.3(米).答:小球的落地位置P点与A点的水平距离PQ为3.2米.21.如图,⊙O的两条弦AB,CD互相垂直,直径CF交线段BE于点G,且.(1)求证:;(2)若⊙O的半径为4,AB=6,求AG的长.【解答】(1)证明:连接DF,AF,∵CF是⊙O的直径,∴∠CDF=90°,∵AB⊥CD,∴AB∥DF,∴∠BAF=∠AFD,∴;(2)解:连接BF,AC,∵CF是⊙O的直径,∴∠CAF=90°,∵,∴AC=AF=CF=6,∴∠CFA=∠ACF=45°,∴∠B=∠ACF=45°,∴∠B=∠AFC,∵∠BAF=∠FAG,∴△ABF∽△AFG,∴,∴AF2=AG⋅AB,∴AG=.22.已知抛物线y=ax2+bx﹣3(a>0)交x轴于A(﹣1,0)、B(3,0),点M(m,t)是第四象限内抛物线上的一个动点.(1)求a,b的值;(2)若点N(n,t)在该抛物线上,且n<m,求m2+kn﹣3k+2023的值.【解答】解:(1)∵抛物线y=ax2+bx﹣3(a≠6)交x轴于(﹣1,0)和(8,∴,解得:,∴a=4,b=﹣2;(2)∵若点N(n,t)在该抛物线上,t)是第四象限内抛物线上的一个动点,∴MN∥x轴,MN=m﹣n,m2﹣2x﹣3=t的两根,∴m+n=2.∵MN=3k,∴m﹣n=2k.∴,解得,∴m8+kn﹣3k+2023=(k+1)6+k(1﹣k)﹣3k+2023=k7+2k+1+k﹣k6﹣3k+2023=1+2023=2024.23.问题提出:如图1,在△ABC中,AB=AC,,点D为AB中点,E在边BC上,落点为点F.那么随着k的变化,点E【初步感知】(1)我们先来探究点E的位置,先将问题特殊化.如图2,当k=1 时的值;【深入探究】(2)再探究一般情形.如图1,请证明(1)中的结论仍然成立的值(结果用含k的代数式表示);【拓展运用】(3)如图3,当∠A=30°时,请直接写出【解答】解:(1)∵k=1,∴△ABC为等边三角形,∵点D为AB中点,∴AD=DB=DF,∵∠A=60°,∴△ADF为等边三角形,∴∠EFC=60°,∵∠C=60°,∴△EFC为等边三角形,∴EC=EF=EB,∴;(2)∵点D为AB中点,∴AD=DB=DF,∴∠A=∠DFA,∴∠B=∠DFE,∵∠A+∠B+∠C=180°,∴∠DFE+∠DFA+∠EFC=180°,∴∠C=∠EFC,∴EC=EF=EB,∴,∵∠C=∠EFC=∠B,∴△CEF∽△CAB,∵,不妨设AB=“2”,∴BC=2k,∴EC=k,∴CF=k4,∴AF=2﹣k2,∴;(3)如图8,过D作DG⊥AC于G,∵点D为AB中点,∴AD=BD,∵沿着DE折叠使B刚好落在边AC上,∴DB=DF,∠BDE=∠FDE,∴AD=DF,∴∠A=∠AFD=30°,∴∠ADF=180°﹣30°﹣30°=120°,∴∠BDF=60°,∴∠BDE=∠FDE=30°,设AD=BD=DF=x,∴DG=AD=x,∴AG==x,∴AF=7AG=x,∴S△ADF=AF•DG=×x=x2,∵∠BDE=∠A=30°,∴DE∥AC,∴∠DEB=∠C,∵AB=AC,∴∠ABC=∠C,∴BD=DE,∴DE=DF=x,∴HF=x,∴S△DEF=•FH==x2,∴的值为=.24.如图,AB,AC,且AD平分∠BAC.(1)如图1,若∠BAC=120°,测量AB,AD的长度,猜想它们之间的数量关系为:AD =AB+AC;(2)如图2,若∠BAC=90°,求证:;(3)如图3,若∠BAC=2θ(0°<θ<90°),直接写出AB,AD与θ角三角函数之间的数量关系.【解答】(1)解:AD=AB+AC;证明:如图1,延长AC至点E,连接BD,DE,∵∠B+∠DCE=180°,∠ACD+∠DCE=180°,∴∠B=∠DCE,∵∠BAC=120°,AD平分∠BAC,∴∠BAD=∠DAC=60°,,∴BD=CD,∵AB=CE,∴△BAD≌△CED(SAS),∴∠E=∠BAD=60°,∴∠E=∠BAD=∠ADE=60°,∴△ADE是等边三角形,∴AE=AD,即AD=AB+AC;故答案为:AD=AB+AC;(2)证明:如图2,延长AC至点E,连接BD,DE,∵∠B+∠DCE=180°,∠ACD+∠DCE=180°,∴∠B=∠DCE,∵∠BAC=90°,AD平分∠BAC,∴∠BAD=∠DAC=45°,,∴BD=CD,∵AB=CE,∴△BAD≌△CED(SAS),∴∠E=∠BAD=45°,∴∠E=∠BAD=∠ADE=45°,∴△ADE是等腰直角三角形,∴AE=AD,即AB+AC=AE;(3)解:如图3,延长AC至点E,连接BD,DE,∵∠B+∠DCE=180°,∠ACD+∠DCE=180°,∴∠B=∠DCE,∵∠BAC=4θ,AD平分∠BAC,∴∠BAD=∠DAC=θ,,∴BD=CD,∵AB=CE,∴△BAD≌△CED(SAS),∴∠E=∠BAD=θ,∴∠E=∠BAD=∠ADE=θ,∴AD=DE,AE=AB+AC,过D作DH⊥AE于H,∴AH=EH=AE=,∴cosθ==.。
浙江省杭州二中白马湖中学2018-2019学年度八年级下学期单元测试试卷(无答案)
杭州二中白马湖学校八年级下单元测试卷一、积累与运用。
(40分)1.读下面这段文字,根据拼音写出相应的汉字.(4分)烈日淫威一天,疲惫而落。
月光尚未(jiao)▲洁,夏夜已然静(mu)▲。
乡村里,河(pan)▲草丛、树林、坊间,便有点点萤火流动,或群飞,或独舞,或飘忽,或停栖。
漆黑的夜色为幕,淡薄的氤氲为衬,伴着哗哗流水、呱呱哇鸣、吱吱虫声,闪动的流萤自是主角,无心装点着(tian)▲静的夏夜。
2.下列句子中,加点词语使用有误的一项是(2分)A.上海迪士尼上演“夜光幻影秀”,绚丽的灯光与烟花将迪士尼城堡点缀得格外美丽,让观众叹为观止。
B.科学老师学识渊博,把深奥的知识讲得大彻大悟,让同学们学得轻松,记得牢固。
C.当优美的旋律戛然而止时,整个端午节晚会现场出奇的寂静,人们沉浸在无尽的回味中。
D.客观分析前因后果,以防重蹈覆辙,相信你将来一定会取得更大的成就。
3.下列句子没有语病的一项是()(2分〉A.央视《朗读者》节目受到观众的广泛好评,是因为其节目形式新颖、文化内涵丰富的缘故。
B.据统计, 2017年一季度,国内汽油行业销售量与去年同期相比,增加大约12.7%左右。
C.为了推动儿童文学的发展和繁荣,首届“曹女轩儿童文学奖”征稿活动,目前全面启动。
D.市卫生监督部门加大了对市场上牛肉的抽样检测,防止不合格肉制品重现百姓餐桌。
4.下列有关文学常识的表述有误的一项是()(2分)A.《桃花源记》的作者是唐代著名诗人陶渊明,名潜,字元亮。
他是著名的山水田园诗人,代表作品有《归园田居》《归去来兮辞》等。
本文出自《陶渊明集》。
B.《小石潭记》的作者是柳宗元,字子厚,河东人,唐代文学家,“唐宋八大家”之一.因参加王叔文的政治革新运动,失败后被贬,文是他被贬到湖南永州后,写下的“永州八记”之一,流连于自然胜景中排遣心中的苦闷。
C.《核舟记》选自《虞初新志》略有删节,《虞初新志》是清代张潮编辑的一部的短篇小说集。
《核舟记》的作者是魏学洢,字子敬,明末嘉善人。
浙江省杭州市滨江区杭州二中白马湖2017-2018学年八年级上学期期中数学试题(含解析)
杭州二中白马湖学校2017学年第一学期期中阶段教学质量检测初二年级数学试题卷一、仔细选一选(本题有10个小题,每小题3分,共30分) 1.点(5,8)P -,关于x 轴的对称点在( ).A .第一象限B .第二象限C .第三象限D .第四象限【答案】C【解析】(5,8)P -关于x 轴对称,横坐标不变,纵坐标变号,为(5,8)P --,在第三象限.2.下列判断正确的是( ).A .有一直角边相等的两个直角三角形全等B .斜边相等的两个等腰直角三角形全等C .腰相等的两个等腰三角形全等D .两个锐角对应相等的两个直角三角形全等【答案】B【解析】A 选项应为一直角边和斜边相等的直角三角形全等;C 选项应有一角相等才能使两个三角形全等;D 选项还缺少边的对应关系才能使三个三角形全等. 故选B .3.已知ABC △中,1123A B C ∠=∠=∠,则它的三条边之比为( ).A.B .2C .D .1:4:1【答案】B【解析】已知1123A B C ∠=∠=∠,设A α∠=,有2B α∠=,3C α∠=,解得30α=︒,所以30A ∠=︒,60B ∠=︒,90C ∠=︒,∴三条边的比值为2.4.下列定理中,没有逆定理的是( ).A .全等三角形对应角相等B .线段垂直平分线上的点到线段两端的距离相等C .一个三角形中,等角对等边D .两直线平行,同位角相等【答案】A【解析】选项A 的逆命题为:两个三角形对应角相等,那么这两个三角形全等,此命题错误. 故选A .5.不等式组6x x m <⎧⎨>⎩无解,m 的取值范围是( ).A .6m >B .6m ≥C .6m <D .6m ≤【答案】B【解析】这个不等式组要解不存在,即没有解集.∴6m ≥.6.已知α是等边三角形的一个内角,β是顶角为30︒的等腰三角形的一个底角,γ是等腰直角三角形的一个底角,则( ).A .αβγ<<B .γαβ<<C .βαγ<<D .αγβ<<【答案】B【解析】α为等边三角形一内角,60α=︒;β为顶角为30︒的等腰三角形一个底角,∴75β=︒; γ为等腰直角三角形的一个底角,∴45γ=︒;∴γαβ<<.7.等腰ABC △的周长为10,则其腰长x 的取值范围为( ).A .52x > B .5x < C .552x <<D .552x ≤≤【答案】C【解析】∵ABC △等腰三角形,∴1052x <=, 又∵三角两边之和大于第三边,有2102x x >-, ∴10542x >=, ∴552x <<.8.已知不等式组1x x a >-⎧⎨<⎩只有一个整数解,则a 的取值范围一定只能为( ).A .1a ≤B .01a <≤C .01a <≤D .01a <<【答案】【解析】9.如图,将正方形对折后展开(图④是连续两次对折后再展开),再按图示方法折叠,能够得到一个直角三角形(阴影部分),且它的一条直角边等于斜边的一半,这样的图形有( ).图②图③图④A .4个B .3个C .2个D .1个【答案】C 【解析】BABCAE BA图④图③图②图①图①中,可以看出BF 为正方形的边长,此时没有满足题设的直角边,图②中,设正方形边长为a ,有AF a =,且有12FH a =,∴30FAH ∠=︒,∴60DAF ∠=︒, ∴30EAF ∠=︒, ∴图②三角形满足条件.图③中,12EF a =,BF a =,BE =,不满足题设.图④中,12EF a =,14FH a =,∴30FEH ∠=︒,∴60FIH ∠=︒, ∴60FGA ∠=︒, ∴30FGE ∠=︒, ∴图④满足条件.共有2个.10.已知ABC △中,AC BC =,90C ∠=︒,如图,将ABC △进行折叠,使点A 落在线段BC 上,(包括点B 和点C ),设点A 的落点为D ,折痕为EF ,当DEF △是等腰三角形时,点D 可能的位置共有( ).FE CBADA .2种B .3种C .4种D .5种【答案】B【解析】依题意将ABC △折叠,使A 落在BC 上,落点为D ,使DEF △为等腰三角形, 点D 可能的位置共有: ①点A 与D 点重合时, ∵AC BC =,AE DE =, ∴EF DE =.EDF △为等腰三角形;②点A 与B 点重合时,C 点与E 点重合, ∵AC BC =,AF DF =,∴CF DF =,EDF △为等腰三角形; ③当ED FD =时,EDF △为等腰三角形.①C D ()FEAFC (E )B D ()A②③ABCEF二、认真填一填(本题有6个小题,每小题4分,共24分)11.已知点P 的坐标为(4,2)-,则点P 到y 轴的距离为__________. 【答案】4【解析】坐标点到y 轴距离为横坐标的绝对值为|4|4=.12.等腰三角形中有一个角等于30︒,则这个等腰三角形的顶角度数为__________. 【答案】30︒或120︒【解析】等腰三角形一个角为30︒,分类讨论, ①顶角为30︒.②底角为30︒,顶角为180230120︒-⨯︒=︒.13.不等式15211x ->的正整数解为__________. 【答案】1x =【解析】解不等式15211x ->得2x <,所以正整数解为1x =.14.如图,在矩形ABCD 中,8AB =,12BC =,点E 为BC 的中点,将ABE △沿AE 折叠,使点B 落在矩形内点F 处,连接CF ,则CF 的长为__________.FECBAD【答案】365【解析】连接BF , ∵EB EC EF ==,∴90BFC ∠=︒,又有AFE △为ABE △翻折得到,∴有11222ABEF S AB BE AE BF =⨯⋅=⨯四边形,∴485BF =,∴365CF ==.DABCEF15.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,A ,B 两点的坐标分别为(4,0)-,(0,2),连接AB .若以点P ,A ,B 为顶点的三角形是等腰直角三角形,则点P 的坐标为__________.【答案】(2,2)-或(2,6)-或(2,4)--或(6,4)-或(1,1)--或(3,3)- 【解析】∵点P ,A ,B 构成等腰直角三角形. 分类讨论.①APB ∠为直角,如图①,存在1P 与2P 两个点, 分别给这个点作垂直于x 轴和垂直于y 轴. 可知,11APC △≌11BPD △,∴1P 坐标(3,3)-. 22AP C △≌22BP D △,∴2P 坐标(1,1)--.图①②PAB ∠为直角,如图②,存在3P ,4P 两个点, 分别给这两个点作垂直于x 轴的点, 可知,33APC △≌BAO △, ∴3P 坐标(6,4)-. 44AP C △≌BAO △,∴4P 坐标(2,4)--.图②4③PBA ∠为直角,如图③存在5P ,6P 两个点, 分别给这两个点作垂直于y 轴的点, 可知55BP D △≌ABO △, ∴5P 坐标(2,6)-. 66BP D △≌ABO △,∴6P 坐标(2,2)-.图③16.如图ABC △和ADE △都是以A 为直角顶点的等腰直角三角形,DE 交AC 于点F ,若5AB =,AD =CEF △是直角三角形时,则BD 的长为__________.FECBAD【答案】1【解析】CEF △为直角三角形,∴分类讨论:首先,因为AE AB <,可知FCE ∠不可能为直角. ①90CEF ∠=︒,如图,延长CE 作AH 垂直CE 延长线于点H ,∵AE AD ==135AEC ∠=︒, ∴3AH EH ==, ∵5AC =,3AH =, ∴4CH =, ∴431CE =-=. 在ABD △与ACE △中, AB AC BAD CAE AD AE =⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪=⎩, ∴ABD △≌ACE △, ∴1BD CE ==.H DABCEF②90EFC ∠=︒,如图②,∵AE =45AEF ∠=︒, ∴3AF EF ==,∴532FC AC AF =-=-=,∴CE , 且有ABD △≌ACE △,∴BD CE =.DABCEF三、全面答一答(本题有7个小题,共66分) 17.(本小题满分6分)解下列不等式(组) (1)351126x x +--<. (2)211731x x x x -+⎧⎨+<-⎩≥.【答案】见解析. 【解析】(1)351126x x +--< 3(3)(51)6x x +--<,39516x x +-+<, 24x -<-, 2x >.原不等式的解集为2x >.(2)解:211731x x x x -+⎧⎨+<-⎩①②≥,【注意有①②】解①,可得2x ≥, 解②,可得28x -<-,4x >,综上,原不等式组的解集为4x >.18.(本小题满分8分)求证:三角形一条边的两个顶点到这条边上的中线所在的直线的距离相等.CBA【答案】见解析.【解析】证明:如图,点D 为BC 的中点,连接AD , 则AD 为BC 边上的中线, 过点B 作BE 垂直于AD 于点E , 过点C 作CF 垂直于AD 于点F ; 依题意,可得在BDE △与CDF △中有 90BD CD BDE CDFBED CFD =⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪∠=∠=︒⎩, ∴BDE △≌(AAS)CDF △,∴BE CF =,即B ,C 到AD 的距离相等.F E DABC19.(本小题满分8分)健身运动已经成为时尚,某公司计划组装A ,B 两种型号的健身器材共40套,捐赠给社区健身中心.组装一套A 型健身器材需甲种部件7个和乙种部件4个,组装一套B 型健身器材需要甲种部件3个和乙种部件6个,公司现有甲种部件236个,乙种部件188个. (1)问公司在组装A 、B 两种型号的健身器材时,共有多少种组装方案?(2)组装一套A 型健身器材需费用20元,组装一套B 型健身器材需费用18元.请写出总组装费用最少的组装方案,并求出最少的组装费用. 【答案】见解析.【解析】解:(1)设公司组装A 型号器材x 套,B 型号健身器材(40)x -套, 可得73(40)23646(40)188x x x x +-⎧⎨+-⎩≤≤,解得2629x ≤≤.又因为x 为整数,所以组装方案有如下四种: ①A 型号26套,B 型号14套; ②A 型号27套,B 型号13套; ③A 型号28套,B 型号12套; ④A 型号29套,B 型号11套. (2)设总的组装费用为S (元), 则2018(40)2720S x x x =+-=+, 可知当A 型号越少时,总费用越少, ∴最小组装费用226720772S =⨯+=(元), 即为组装A 型号26套,B 型号14套. 答:(1)共有4种组装方案.(2)最少总组装费用的方案为A 型号26套,B 型号14套,总费用为772元.20.(本小题满分10分)如图,90C ∠=︒,AD 平分CAB ∠,2BC =,34CD =,求ABC △的面积. CBAD【答案】见解析.【解析】解:过D 作DE AB ⊥于点E , ∵AD 平分CAB ∠,DC AC ⊥,DE AB ⊥, ∴DC DE =,在Rt ACD △与Rt AED △中, AD ADDC DE=⎧⎨=⎩, ∴Rt ACD △≌Rt (HL)AED △, ∴AE AC =,在Rt DEB △中,1BE =,在Rt ACB △中,222AC BC AB +=, 又因为1AB AC BE AC =+=+,代入可得32AC =, ∴113322222ABC S AC BC =⋅=⨯⨯=△.EDABC21.(本小题满分10分)如图AB CD ∥,AC 平分BAD ∠,BD 平分ADC ∠,AC 和BD 交于点E ,F 为AD 的中点,连结EF .(1)找出图中所有的等腰三角形__________. (2)若4AE =,3DE =,求EF 的长.F E CBAD【答案】见解析.【解析】解:(1)图中的等腰三角形有DAC △,ADB △,FAE △,FDE △.(2)∵AB CD ∥,且设1FAE ∠=∠,2FDE ∠=∠, ∴180ADC BAD ∠+∠=︒,又AC 平分BAD ∠,BD 平分ADC ∠, ∴112BAD ∠=∠,122ADC ∠=∠, ∴112()902BAD ADC ∠+∠=∠+∠=︒, ∴180(12)90DEA ∠=︒-∠+∠=︒,又点F 为AD 中点, ∴12EF AD =, 在Rt AED △中,5AD =, ∴52EF =. 21DAB C E F22.(本小题满分12分)如图,等边ABC △中,AO 是BAC ∠的角平分线,D 为AO 上一点,以CD 为一边且在CD 下方作等边CDE △,连接BE .(1)求证:ACD △≌BCE △.(2)延长BE 至Q ,P 为BQ 上一点,连接CP 、CQ 使5CP CQ ==,若6BC =时,求PQ 的长.QECB AP OD【答案】见解析. 【解析】证明:(1)∵ABC △为等边三角形,CDE △为等边三角形, ∴CA CB =,CD CE =,60ACB DCE ∠=∠=︒,∴ACB DCO DCE DCO ∠-∠=∠-∠,即ACO BCE ∠=∠,∴在ACD △与BCE △中,CA CB ACD BCE CD CE =⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪=⎩,∴ACD △≌(SAS)BCE △. (2)过点C 作CM BQ ⊥于点M , ∵CP CQ =, ∴12PM MQ PQ ==, ∵ABC △中AO 平分BAC ∠,∴90AOC ∠=︒,132OC BC ==, 由(1)知ACD △≌BCE △, ∴CAO CBM ∠=∠,在CAO △与CBM △中, CA CB CAO CBM AOC BMC =⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪∠=∠⎩,∴CAO △≌(AAS)CBM △, ∴3CM CO ==.在Rt CMP △中,4PM =, ∴28PQ PM ==.MDOP AB C E Q23.(本小题满分12分)点A 的坐标为(2,0)-,点B 的坐标为(0,2),点C 的坐标为(1,0) (1)在y 轴上是否存在点P ,使PBC △为等腰三角形,求出点P 的坐标. (2)在x 轴上方存在点D ,使以点A 、B 、D 为顶点的三角形与ABC △全等,画出ABD △并直接写出点D 的坐标.【答案】见解析.【解析】解:(1)依据题意,画出平面直角坐标系及图型. ∵PBC △为等腰三角形,存在. 分类讨论.①BP BC =,且||BC =∴P点的坐标为1(0,2P,2(0,2P .②PB PC =,有P 点在BC 的垂直平分线与y 轴交点处, 设3P 坐标(0,)y ,有2221(2)y y +=-, 得34y =, ∴3P 坐标30,4⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭. ③CB CP =.有4P 的坐标为4(0,2)P -.综上,P点坐标有1(0,2P,2(0,2P ,330,4P ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,4(0,2)P -.(2)∵ABD △与ABC △全等. ∴共有ABD △≌ABC △和ABD △≌BAC △, 这两种情况,且点D 在x 轴上方, ①1ABD △≌ABC △, ∵45BAC ∠=︒, ∴145BAD ∠=︒, ∴1454590D AC ∠=︒+︒=︒, ∴1D 坐标为(2,3)-. ②1ABD △≌BAC △, 有245BAC ABP ∠=∠=︒, ∴1BD AC ∥, ∴2D 的坐标为(3,2)-.。
2018_2019学年浙江杭州滨江区杭二中白马湖学校浙教版八年级下学期期中数学试卷试题(无答案)
2019学年浙江杭州滨江区杭二中白马湖学校初二下学期期中数学试卷仔细选一选本题有10个小题,每小题3分,共30分。
1. 下列图形是中心对称图形的有(). A.1个 B.2个 C.3个 D.4个2.二次根式√2a−1中字母a的取值范围正确的是().A.a⩾12B.a>12C.0<a<12D.a<123.一个多边形的内角和是720°,这个多边形的边数是().A.4B.5C.6D.74.给出下列化简①(−√2)2=2;②√(−2)2=2;③√2+√3=√5;④√114=112,其中正确的是().A.①②④B.①②③C.①②D.③④5.如图,平行四边形ABCD的对角线AC、BD相交于点O,点E是CD的中点,△ABD的周长为8cm,则△DOE的周长是(). A.8cm B.6cm C.4cm D.2cm6.下列命题正确的是().A.顺次连结一个菱形各边中点所得的四边形是菱形B.四边形中至少有一个内角是钝角或直角C.在直角坐标系中,点A(x,y)与点B(y,x)关于原点成中心对称D.对角线互相垂直且相等的四边形是正方形7.如图,在△ABC中,∠ABC=90°,AB=8,BC=6.若DE是△ABC的中位线,延长DE交△ABC的外角∠ACM的平分线于点F,则线段DF的长为(). A.7 B.8 C.9 D.108.如图,边长为1的正方形ABCD绕点A逆时针旋转30°到正方形AB′C′D′,图中阴影部分的面积为().A.1−√33B.√33C.1−√34D.129.已知关于x的方程(x−1)[(k−1)x+(k−3)]=0(k是常数),则下列说法中正确的是().A.方程一定有两个不相等的实数根B.方程一定有两个实数根C.当k取某些值时,方程没有实数根D.方程一定有实数根10.已知关于x的一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0没有实数解.甲由于看错了二次项系数,误求得两根为2和4;乙=().由于看错了一次项系数的符号,误求得两根为−1和4,那么2b+3caA.3B.−6C.9D.−12认真填一填本题有6个小题,每小题4分,共24分。
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杭州二中白马湖学校2018学年第二学期初二年级英语开学质量检测第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分)AQ and A today: the InternetWe asked two teenagers from the USA about what they think of the Internet. Here are their answers. Question 1: How often do you use the Internet, and what for?Linda:I use it every day. I have a lot of online friends. I have my own blog. It's exciting. If we didn’thave the Internet, life would be really boring.Brett:I use it a lot, too. I surf the Internet about(twice a day. I have my own web pages. I write about my hobbies and interests on it. And I love getting mail from other people.Question 2: What website do you think is the best?Linda:! I like it because it gives girls advice on what to do in different situations,and there's also something interesting to read. I can find new books every week.Brett:Honestly, I don’t know what to say. I have visited so many websites. There surely isn't justone website that I would recommend(推荐).Question3:If you were offered(提供) a job in computing, would you like it?Linda:I'm not sure. You can meet lots of people on the web, and there are cool games, but I'd like to meet real people in my job. So maybe I will be the manager of a big Internet company.Brett:Sure. If I had the chance, I'd like to work as a web designer. I love designing(设计),and I likecreating my own things.( )16. How often does Brett use the Internet?A. Every day.B.Twice a dayC. Once a weekD. Four times a week( )17.On Agirlsworld. com, girls can___________.A.make friendsB.play gamesC.send mailD.get advice( )18. Linda would like to be____________.A. a managerB. a teacherC. a computer programmerD. a web designer【答案】16.B17.D 18.ABFor his eleventh birthday, Lin was given a gift that would shape his life. On that day father took him to theChildren’s Activity Centre and said he could choose any course that interested him. There was just onerequirement: Lin would have to promise to study it for at least one year.To that point Lin had had many hobbies, but none kept his interest for more than a week or two. His mumonce gave him a bag of stamps to encourage stamp collecting, That hobby lasted a week. Then his father got himsome paints hoping that Lin’s artistic side would shine through. Those paints were now under his bed, stillunopened. This time Lin’s parents would let him decide.Lin's eyes moved down the noticeboard that listed all the courses on offer. He stopped at Photography".Heliked the idea of taking beautiful pictures but the notice said that each student needed their own camera. AlthoughLin’s family weren't poor, they weren't rich either, and a camera cost a lot of money. He continued looking.The next course to catch his eye was"Language Art". He didn't even know what that meant. His fatherexplained that it taught people how to make public speeches. Lin, a shy boy, could think of nothing worse.Then he saw it. "Cooking"sounded like something he'd like to do. It was inexpensive and convenient, itcould be done alone and it was also creative.Based on Lin's hobby history, his dad had doubts, but he agreed, much to his parent's surprise, Lin kept hispromise he studied cooking at the Centre every Saturday, and practiced at home, making delicious meals for hisfamily. Everyone looked forward to birthdays, when they could eat his cakes. Lin got great satisfaction from thepleasure his food brought to others.The months turned to years but his hobby never changed again.Now Lin is an adult and runs a successful restaurant. When customers say they enjoy his meal, he still getsthe same pleasure he did as a child, and remembers the special gift he received all those years ago.( )19. The underlined expression“ catch his eye” in paragraph4 means“___________”A. Make him excitedB. Cause him surpriseC. Get his attentionD Help himsee clearly( )20. Which of the following best describes Lin’s interest in cooking?A. It only lasted for a short timeB. It seemed to match his characterC. It was forced on him by his parentsD. It developed slowly over many months( )21. Why did the father have doubts about Lin's choice of cooking?A. Lin wasn't good at cookingB. Cooking wasn't very convenientC. He didn't think Lin would continueD. Cooking wasn't a good hobby for a boy( )22. What is the best title for the passage?A. A Strict-FatherB. A-Changeable BoyC The Fun of CookingD.The Birthday Gift【答案】19.C20.B21.C 22.DCMost of us took a trip with our parents when we were children. Some went to the beach; some went to climb mountains; some travelled to other countries. All in all, we would like to have an easy and comfortable holiday.However, Pu Wei, a Chinese man and his 8-year-old son Don Ge went for a backpacking trip. They left their home in Xi'an on July 7th, and ended their trip in Lanzhou on July 13th. They only took 100 yuan for the trip. Sounded impossible? But they did it.Pu Wei said when his son first heard about the trip, he was excited. Don Ge was naturally interested in travelling. Every day he was excited to find new things, and this made his father go on with the trip.On the way Pu Wei and his son did some small and hard work to get food to eat and places to sleep in. During the trip, his son was especially brave and he was very surprised. Many kind people also served them food and free rides. In the end they travelled a journey(旅行)of 600 km.Pu Wei left messages on this Weibo with pictures of their interesting but difficult trip. He said his son learned the difficulty of life, and he also learned the importance of being humble(谦虚的)and kind. That was what he expected before the trip.( )23. The main purpose of paragraph 1 is to_________.A.Show how children spent their holiday with parentsB.Show how different the father and his son’s trip wasC.Tell us what activities children did during the vacationD.Tell us why kids chose to have an easy and comfortable holiday( )24. How long did Pu Wei and his son's trip last?A. For five daysB. For eight dayC. For a weekD. For half a month( )25.Why did Pu Wei plan this trip?A.To write special messages on WeiboB. To let his son know life is not so easyC. To experience an exciting and safe journeyD. To make his son brave and humble.( )26. What is the best title for the message?A. Be humble and kind in lifeB. Father and son's backpacking tripC. Learn by doing small and hard workD. The outside world is fantastic【答案】23.C24.C25.B26.BDTwo astronauts are on a spacewalk. Suddenly, their spacecraft is hit by a large piece of space junk. The junk destroys their ship. Without their ship, they are stuck floating (漂浮)in space. How can they make their way back to earth? This is the plot(情节) of the2013 U.S. film gravity《地心引力》.Although this kind of accident has never happened in the real world, it is a risk that every astronaut has to take when going on a spacewalk. To prevent this from happening, scientists at the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory in the U.S. have made smart spacesuits. These spacesuits have a special "take-me -home button”, according to Daily Mail.When going on spacewalks, astronauts are tied to their spacecraft by a long cable(绳索). They also wear a jet pack(喷气式背包). It allows them to return to their spacecraft in case their cable breaks. But astronauts have tooperate the jet pack by hand. If an astronaut falls unconscious (昏迷的) while on a spacewalk, they can't operate the jet pack.The smart spacesuits can take astronauts back to their spacecraft automatically(自动地). They just need to press a single button. The button turns on sensors(传感器) inside the spacesuit. The sensors can tell the astronaut's position. They can also tell how much oxygen (氧气) is left in the astronauts’spacesuits.More importantly, astronauts aboard the spacecraft can control the button remotely (远程地). This kind of technology may have other uses in the future. For example, it could help firefighters pass through smoke-filled rooms, space engineer Kevin Duda told DOGO News.( )27. Why did the author(作者)tell us the plot of the 2013 US film Gravity in the first paragraph?A The kind of accident has happened in the real world onceB.The astronauts in the real world have special abilities to protect themselvesC. The author wanted to introduce the smart spacesuits with a special buttonD. The author just wanted to share his favorite film with us( )28. The underlined word “it” (in para. 3)refers to “__________”.A.An astronautB. A spacecraftC. A jet packD. A long cable( ) 29. Which of the following NOT true about the smart spacesuits?A. They can help an astronaut return to their spacecraft automatically.B. Astronauts with smart spacesuits are tied to their spacecraft by a long cable.C. Astronauts need to press the special “take-me-home bu tton”.D. Astronauts aboard the spacecraft can control the button remotely( )30. What will the author probably write in the following part?A. Difficulties astronauts may face on their spacewalks.B. More examples about this kind of technology.C. How the sensors work inside the spacesuit.D. More details about the plot of the 2013 US film Gravity.【答案】CCBB第二节(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项)Mom and Dad are two of the most important people in your life. 31 .If your mom loves to read, you maylike to take a bookwherever you go, just like she does.But many kids can’t get on well with their parents. The kids don’t think that their parents can understand them. Some kids always say their parents are too strict with them. 32 ?Here are some tips.Spent time together. Don’t spend so much time playing a computer game or watching TV. 33 . Go out to do something together, try some games, or just read a book together.34 Many kids want their parents to help them when they feel upset, but your mom and dad may not know that you are having a problem. Tell them what’s the matter with you and they will be glad to help you.35 D on’t have to be perfect(完美), but when you do your best, you’ll make you r parents happy.【答案】AEBDC第三部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分25分)第一节:完形填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)通读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后在各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)选项中选出一个最佳选项。