(当前)英语国家政治常识PPT课件
英语国家概况ppt超级详细
Wales Northern Ireland
College of Foreign Languages, Hainan Normal University
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries 6
7/20/2020
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries 7
Northern Ireland/Ulster
Shamrock三叶草
Belfast: capital; biggest city in Northern Ireland
Lough Neagh: largest freshwater lake in UK
The Giants Causeway巨人堤道: World Heritage Site
16,905/ km2 1st 6,814/ km2 2nd
7/20/2020
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries 18
Official Language: English
Other Languages:
Welsh威尔士语: about 20% of the population of Wales Scottish Gaelic苏格兰盖尔语: about 60,000 (1%) in Scotland Irish Gaelic爱尔兰盖尔语
7/20/2020
SCOTLAND
St Andrew’s Flag
most important river in Scotland: Clyde River
tallest mountain range: Grampian Mountains格兰扁山脉
常见政治术语翻译 ppt课件
17
To uphold world peace, promote common development and seek cooperation and winwin is the common wish of the people and the world and an irresistible trend of our times. Committed to peace, development and cooperation, China pursues a road of peaceful development, and endeavors to build, together with other countries, a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.
PPT课件
4
居民消费价格:consumer prices
国内生产总值: national gross products
经济全球化:economic globalization
标本兼治:address both the symptoms and root
causes of problems
PPT课件
18
中国与世界从未像今天这样紧密相连。中国 政府把中国人民的根本利益与各国人民的共 同利益结合起来,坚持奉行防御性的国防政 策。中国的国防服从和服务于国家发展战略 和安全战略,旨在维护国家安全统一,确保 实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。中国永 远是维护世界和平、安全、稳定的坚定力量。
PPT课件
11
着力搞好宏观调控和保持经济平稳较快发展,着力加快 经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整,着力推进改革开放 和自主创新,着力改善民生和促进社会和谐稳定,
英语国家概况修订版 ppt课件
The UK is made up of:
❖ Great Britain ( England , Scotland and Wales ) ❖ Northern Ireland
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
❖Do these terms mean the same?
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
英语国家概况修订版
England
❖Many people say "England" when they really mean "The United Kingdom." This is not correct! People in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland consider it insulting and hate hearing Britain being referred to as “England” as it appears to ignore their existence.
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
英语国家概况修订版
Read the map to find:
▪Atlantic Ocean ▪North Sea ▪Irish Sea ▪The English Channel ▪The Republic of Ireland
英语国家概况PPT
Cultural characteristics
Canadian culture is deeply influenced by countries such as England, France, and the United States, while also integrating indigenous culture, forming a unique and diverse culture. Canadians have a passion for art, and industries
Originally a settlement of Native Americans, France and Britain established colonies here after the 16th century. After the United States gained independence in 1776, Canada gained independence and gradually developed into a federal state.
such as music, drama, and film are relatively developed.
Economy
The UK has a mixed economy that combines elements of free market capitalization with government intervention The UK has a highly developed services sector, with financial services, business services, and tourism being particularly important
国家大事及政治英语大全
For four years in a row(连续四年)a year-on-year increase(比上年增加)reform and opening up policy(改革开放政策)social programs(社会事业)per capita(每人的,人均的)after adjusting for inflation(扣除价格因素)moderately prosperous society(小康社会)macroeconomic regulatory(宏观调控)new socialist countryside(社会主义新农村)pursuant to the law(依法)rural migrant workers in cities(农民工)surplus production capacity(生产力过剩)opened to traffic(通车)energy conservation(节能)state-owned enterprises(国有企业)civil servant(公务员)made breakthroughs(取得突破)compulsory education(义务教育)miscellaneous fees(杂费)boarding schools(寄宿制学校)distance education(远程教育)secondary vocational schools(中等职业学校)incorporated villages(行政村)unincorporated villages(自然村)After years of effort(经过多年努力)basic cost of living allowances(最低生活保障)autonomous regions(自治区)free our minds(解放思想)follow a realistic and pragmatic approach(实事求是)keep pace with the times(与时俱进)Chinese socialism(中国特色社会主义)social harmony(社会和谐)special administrative regions(特别行政区)prudent fiscal policy.(稳健的财政政策)boosting domestic demand(扩大内需)cutting-edge(前沿)displaced residents((三峡)移民)non-publicly funded schools(民办学校)school year(学年)communicable diseases(传染病)social safety net(社会保障)discharged military personnel(退伍军人)pyramid schemes(传销)pilot project(试点)Income Tax(所得税)futures market(期货市场)high value-added(高附加值)high-end(高端)cutthroat competition(恶性竞争)combat corruption(反腐)hand over foot(大手大脚)plug up loopholes(堵塞漏洞)People's Armed Police(武警)starting point and objective(出发点和落脚点)socialist market economy(社会主义市场经济)Scientific Outlook on Development(科学发展观)harmonious socialist society(社会主义和谐社会)tailor measures to suit local conditions(因地制宜)(adjust measures to local conditions)South-to-North Water Diversion Project(南水北调)administrative examination and approval(行政审批)exercise activities for the general public(全民健身活动)large-scale development of the western region(西部大开发)processing industry for agricultural products(农产品加工业)municipalities directly under the central government(直辖市)primary, secondary and tertiary industry(第一第二第三产业)deliver a good report to the people.(向人民交出满意的答卷)socialist cultural and ethical progress(社会主义精神文明建设)give full play to the initiative of each.(充分发挥各自的积极性)registering the third consecutive annual increase(连续三年增加)physically and mentally challenged persons(残疾人,肢残和智残)resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.(资源节约型和环境友好型社会)ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.(让全体人民共享改革发展的成果)。
英语国家概况演讲PPT
The United States has a variety of climate zones, including temperature, subtropical, and arid The climate is mainly influenced by latitude, longitude, and altitude
Natural Resources
The UK has limited natural resources, with the exception of coal, natural gas, and some minerals
要点三
The UK's history dates back to ambient times, with evidence of Stone Age settlements and Celtic influence The Romans requested the area in the 1st century AD, leaving a legacy of Roman roads and other infrastructure
Language
Traditions and Customs
Arts and Literature
Overview of the United States
CATALOGUE
03
The United States is located in North America, bordering Canada in the north, Mexico in the south, the Atlantic Ocean in the east, and the Pacific Ocean in the west It is a country with vast territory and rich natural resources
(英语考试)英语国家概况PPT
American history
01
1607
Jamestown settlement
02
1773
Boston Tea Party
03
04
1775
American Revolutionary War beginnings
1783
Treatment of Paris ends the war
Canadian history
• Outdoor lifestyle: Canadian culture is associated with an outdoor lifestyle, with a focus on activities like stacking, camping, and skiing
• Love for Hockey: Hockey is considered Canada's national sport, with a strong empБайду номын сангаасasis on teamwork, fair play, and physical fitness
• Multiculturalism and diversity: Australia has a rich cultural heritage due to its diverse population of immigrants from many different countries
• Laid back attitude: Australian culture is often associated with a laid back attitude, with a focus on casual lifestyles, mathematics, and a sense of egalitarianism
美国的政治制度(完整版)ppt课件
Page 10
二是业主殖民地。 英王通过特许状将殖民地赐予其宠臣和大贵族,归其
私有和统治,总督承认英王对殖民地拥有主权,但英 王对殖民地制定和通过的法律拥有批准权和否决权; 三是直辖殖民地。
二是美国的政治结构-------国会制度、总统 制度和司法制度。
三是美国的政治参与,主要反映美国的民 主政治------包括选举制度、政党制度、利 益集团和大众传播媒介.还有一个思想库.。
Page 7
(一)、美国政治制度的形成
美国政治制度的形成和发展,经历了英属北美殖 民地时期、邦联时期和联邦时期三个阶段。同时 把握以下几个问题:
托马斯·潘恩
思想体系 潘恩是激进的民主主义和自然神论者,他的“世 界公民”理念宣传建立“世界共和国”,他也是 公共教育、最低工资限额的提出者之一。在潘恩 思想体系中,国王与贵族不存在了,人与人之间
是平等的。
Page 15
影响 潘恩所著《常识》极大地鼓舞了美国独立士气, 他的一些其他作品帮助了法国、英国的民主事业。
《独立宣言》提出的四条重要政治原则及其关系自然权利原则
国家起源的社会契约原则
人民主权原则 人民革命权原则
Page 20
关系
Page 21
前提是
人们享有与生俱来的、不可剥夺的自然
权利-----生命权、自由权和追求幸 福的权利。
据此得出的结论是:
1、 人们制定契约成立政府的目 的是为了保障这些权利,
这些机构就是“联邦”,由联邦主体和 “联邦”共同组成完整的国家。
在联邦制国家里,联邦政府和各主体 政府之间不存在上下级关系,不存在一方 全面节制另一方的权力。两种政府权责划 分明确,各司其职。
高中政治人教版选修三国家和国际组织常识2.3法国的民主共和制与半总统制 课件(共30张PPT)
二月革命 拿破仑三世
1870 -1940
Hale Waihona Puke 第三共和国宪法1946-1958 党派林立,内阁更迭
1958-现在
戴高乐
政体类型
封建君主专制
君主立宪制
民主共和制 帝制 总统制 帝制
多党议会制 议会制民主共和制
半总统制
2.法国国家机构的组成 法国国家机构
总统
政府
议会
国家元首 武装统帅
总理(政府首
脑)
国民议会
(2)总理
①地位: 政府首脑
②产生方式: 由总统任命
③主要职权: A.领导政府活动,负责制定和执行国家政策; B.向总统建议任免政府各部部长和国务秘书; C.除宪法规定的例外情况,副署总统的文件、法 令和命令; D.对国家防务负有责任; E.可代替总统主持内阁会议、最高国防会议和国 防委员会。
爱德华·菲利普
在声势浩荡的”黄马甲”抗议活动中,国民议会和参议院也不能 袖手旁观,两院于2月5日,就“黄背心”问题展开了激烈的辩论, 并宣布应对措施,对此,法国共和党主席沃基耶反击称,现在的法 国需要的不是辩论,而是行动,法国社会党则表示,将油价上涨延 期是必不可少的手段。
【思考】国民议会和参议院是法国的什么?国家机关是如何产生
月17日,28万民众首次身穿“黄背心”走上街头,抗议政府的征税决定运动,
运动已导致巴黎50年来最大骚乱,马克龙发表电视讲话,宣布法国进入经济紧
急状态,也取消了对塞尔维亚的访问计划,召开内阁会议讨论应对策略,拒绝
了某些人士解散议会,提前进行议会选举的建议。
被总统推到了解
决抗议运动的前线,会见了“黄背心”抗议者代表以及各反对党党魁,调动警
共和制 帝制 君主立宪制 议会共和制
Politics政治学1PPT课件
3.“政治就是各阶级之间的斗争”这一命题确定 了政治的属性。
4.“政治就是参与国家事务,经国家定方向,确 定国家活动方式、任务和内容。”
5.“政治是一门科学,是一种艺术”。
三、政治的定义
②马克思主义政治学是继承人类文明成果的产物, 主要吸收了德国古典哲学,英国古典政治经济学, 法国启蒙思想及空想社会主义思想。
③马克思主义政治学基于马克思的唯物史观和剩余 价值理论。
(2)马克思主义政治学体系的基本内容包括: ①阶级问题 ②革命问题 ③国家问题 ④未来社会问题
(3)马克思主义政治学具有以下特点:
1.中国政治学的历史发展
1)中国古代政治学,集中体现在从奴隶制社会向封 建制社会转变的春秋战国的“百家争鸣”。儒家 的政治学说主要集中在“礼”与“仁政”两个方 面。韩非的先秦法家思想的集大成者。他在<韩非 子>中,把法(法律)、术(统治术)、势(统治 权力)融为一体,形成了法家的治国之道。道家 思想,其代表人物是老聘与庄周。老子提出国君 的统治应是“无为之治”,“我无为而民自化”, “我无为而民自富”,“无为而无不为”,从而 达到“小国寡民”的理想境界。
1.政治博弈的要素 (1)博弈要有局中人。 (2)局中人在追求目标时要依赖其所掌握的资
源。
(3)博弈的核心就是策略的运用。 2.政治博弈的规则
每一场博弈都不得不遵守一定的规则、宪法、法 律。行政机关的决定,习惯与传统就是政治博 弈的规则渊源。
3.政治博弈的类型 (1)零和博弈。 (2)非零和博弈。
(3)行为主义时期(从第二次世界大战之后至20世纪 60年代中期)其特点:
英美国家概况ppt课件
discovered the New Continent
came from____.
A. England
B. Ireland
C. Spain
D. Italy
21. The last English colony in America was ____, which was established in 1733. A. North Carolina B. South Carolina C. Georgia D. Arizona
A. 4, 16
B. 4, 18
C. 5, 16
D. 5, 18
6. The University of Oxford and Cambridge date from the ____ centuries. A. 9th and 10th B. 10th and 11th C. 11th and 12th D. 12th and 13th
7. The Hundred Years’ War between Britain and France was fought___. A. from 1327 to 1453 B. from 1337 to 1453 C. from 1347 to 1453 D. from 1357 to 1453
A. English
B. Scottish
C. Gaelic
D. Denish
10. Among the most typical English
sports, ____ has been in existence
since the 16th century.
A. rugby
B. soccer
C. cricket
英语国家概况PPT课件
• and it wanted to be allowed to start discussion of important questions at will, not by invitation.
• The Separatists
2. Elizabeth’s Religious Reform
Elizabeth’s religious reform was a compromise of views.
• She broke Mary’s ties with Rome and restored her father’s independent Church of England, i. e. keeping to Catholic doctrines and practices but to be free of the Papal control. Her religious settlement was unacceptable to both the extreme Protestants known as Puritans and to ardent Catholics.
• Through her marriage alliances which were never materialized, Elizabeth managed to maintain a friendly relationship with France. So England was able to face the danger from Spain.
c. Mary, Queen of Scots was trying to capture the English throne. She was descended through her mother, Margaret, from Henry VII. Mary Queen of Scots was forced by her subjects to abdicate the throne in Scotland because she was implicated in the murder of her husband.
(当前)英语国家政治常识
Life/Hereditary Peers 终生/世袭贵族
Lords Temporal(世俗议员)
Lords Spiritual (神职议员)
The House of Commons (下议院)
Universal Adult Suffrage 普选
Monarch 651个选区,651名下议员,选举至少每5年一次,最终立法权归下议院所有。 一般情况下,下议院的多数党党魁或执政联盟的首领自动成为首相人选,人 选经国王/女王任命后正式成为首相。
Classification
Form
Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy
荷、西、挪、丹、比、 瑞典、日、泰、马
U.K.
Canada
Australia
New Zealand
Parliamentary Republic: 意、德、芬、奥、印度、新 半总统制/混合制/双首长制: 俄、法、奥、冰、芬、葡、韩
1.Slavery State
2.Feudal State
3.Capitalist State 4.Socialist State 例:中华人民共和国是工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基 础的人民民主专政的社会主义国家。 中国的政体是人民代表大会制。
Main Forms of Government in M Prime Minister Prime Minister
中国共产党中央委员会总书记、中共中央军事委员会主席、中华人民共和国主席、中华人民共和国中央军事 委员会主席
U.K.
The Parliament
The House of Lords (上议院)
The Archishops/Most Senior Bishops 大主教/主教
小学教育ppt课件教案了解英语国家的政府机构与治理方式
Diversified governance
Introduce the concept and practice of diversified governance in English speaking countries, including multicultural policies, protection of minority rights and interests, and community governance.
Participating in practice: Guide students to participate in activities such as simulated elections and parliamentary debates, experience the process and significance of democratic participation, and cultivate their sense of civic responsibility and participation consciousness.
Education policies and their impact in English speaking countries
Education reform in the context of globalization
Analyze the impact of globalization on education reform in English speaking countries, and how English speaking countries can respond to the challenges brought about by globalization.
英语国家概况Chapter 3【优质PPT】
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
2.1.2 Queen
Queen Elizabeth II
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
2.1.2 Queen
• from 705 to 666 (Mar. 1, 2004)
▪Final court of appeal—Supreme Court
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
2.1.4 The House of Commons
Countries
2.1.3 The House of Lords
❖The main legislative function of the House of Lords:
❖ Examine and revise bills from the House of Commons
The House of Lords meets in a lavishly decorated chamber in the Palace of Westminster
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
2.1.3 The House of Lords
❖The Lords Spiritual (上议院神职议员)
英语国家概况PPT课件
Theme importance
02
Overview of the UK
Geographic and Historical Background
Geographic location
The United Kingdom is located in the British Isles archipelago, off the northwest coast of Europe It compares the four nations of England, Scotland,
Established independently in 1776, it is a superpower in the world with a highly developed economy and strong military strength.
Political and economic systems
Immigrant countries have a multi-ethnic and multi-ethnic population structure.
Culturally influenced by various cultures such as Europe, Africa, and Latin America, it has formed a unique American culture.
03
Overview of the United States
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China
Unitary State
意、法、西、葡、 瑞典、日、韩
U.K.
New Zealand
U.S.
Federation
Canada
俄、德、荷、瑞士、 巴西、阿、印度
Australia
7
单一制国家按地方权力的大小分为中央集权型单一制和地方自治型单一制两类。
英国全称:大不列颠及北爱兰尔联合王国
在地方自治型单一制国家中,中央与地方实行一定程度的分权,地方政府在处 理本地区事务中具有自治权,中央有权监督地方政府,但不直接干预地方性事 务,这种地方自治型国家的代表就是英国。
Australia
New Zealand
Parliamentary Republic: 意、德、芬、奥、印度、新
半总统制/混合制/双首长制: 俄、法、奥、冰、芬、葡、韩
Presidential Republic
墨、巴、阿、智、菲、 印尼、埃
U.S.
18
红色为君主立宪制,紫色为二元君主制
19
20
Terms
Structure of the State
(国家结构形式)
Unitary
State (单一制国家)
Confederal State/
Confederation (邦联制国家)
Federal State/
Federation (联邦制国家)
Composite/Union State
5
• 单一制(Unitary State) 是指由若干行政区域单位 或自治单位组成单一主权 国家的结构形式。
• 美国最高法院(Supreme Court of the United States),一般是 指美国联邦最高法院。它是美国最高级别的联邦法院。实际上, 美国各个州还有地方的最高法院。它们属于美国地方法院,与美 国联邦最高法院不相隶属。各州最高法院的组成方法和司法领域 互相也不尽相同。联邦最高法院是唯一由宪法规定的联邦法院, 主要职责是对美国宪法作最终解释,但美国宪法没有直接提到美 国联邦最高法院是否有司法审查权。但是美国联邦最高法院曾经 通过马伯里诉麦迪逊案的判决指出,美国联邦最高法院有权宣布 某个法律违宪而不被采用。
我们了解到的英联邦并不是一个独立的主权国家,而是一个国际组织,一个由 英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附属国组成的联合体,不是我们所说的联邦。 我们不能因此认为英国是复合制国家。
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• 最高人民法院(Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China)是中华人民共和国最高审判机关,负责审理 各类案件,制定司法解释,监督地方各级人民法院和专门人民法 院的审判工作,并依照法律确定的职责范围,管理全国法院的司 法行政工作。高级人民法院是设在省、自治区、直辖市一级的法 院,位于地方各级人民法院的最高层次。
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绿色为实行联邦制的国家
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蓝色部份为实行单一制的国家
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Form of State(国体)
Character of State(国家性质)/Essence/Class Status
决
反
定
映
Form of Government(政体)
Organization/Administration
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Forms of State in History
Main Forms
Constitutional
Monarchy (君主立宪制)
Absolute
Monarchy (君主专制)
Republic (共和制)
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Constitutional
Monarchy (君主立宪制)
Dual Monarchy (二元制君主立宪制,简
称“二元君主制”)
Parliamentary Constitutional
1.Slavery State 2.Feudal State 3.Capitalist State 4.Socialist State 例:中华人民共和国是工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基
础的人民民主专政的社会主义国家。 中国的政体是人民代表大会制。
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Main Forms of Government in Modern Society
• 邦联制(Confederation) 是指若干个独立的主权 国家为实现某种特定目的 (如军事、经济方面的要 求)而组成的一种松散的 国家联合。
• 联邦制(Federation)是 由两个或两个以上的政 治实体(共和国、州、邦 )结合而成的一种国家结 构形式。
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Classification
Structure
General Political Knowledge of English-speaking Countries
(当前)英语国家政治常识
Kong
PTU
2014.5.16
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Contents
The State The Government
Terms Details
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3
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Structure of the State
• Head of State(元首):国家最高代表和象征。
• Head of Government(政府首脑):一国政府或内阁的领导。
• Cabinet(内阁):内阁是政府高级官员代表政府各部门商议政策的 行政机构。
• Government(政府):广义的政府包括立法机关、行政机关、司法机 关、军事机关,狭义的政பைடு நூலகம்仅指行政机关(Administration);在内 阁制国家,“政府”一词也用来指代表国家最高行政机构的核心, 即“内阁”。
Monarchy (议会制君主立宪制)
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Republic (共和制)
Parliamentary
Republic (议会制共和制)
Presidential
Republic (总统制共和制)
The People's
Congress System (人民代表大会制度)
议会制也有总统,总统制也有议会,但是权力分划不同。实行君主立宪制
和议会制共和制的国家,政府首脑称为首相或总理(Prime Minister );实行
总统制共和制的政府首脑称为总统(President)。
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Classification
Form
U.K.
Parliamentary Constitutional
Monarchy
荷、西、挪、丹、比、 瑞典、日、泰、马
Canada