新编汉英翻译教程(翻译)试题范围
汉英翻译(chapter two)
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1、词汇特点(1exical features)
新闻报道在用词上具有新颖、精巧和别致 的特点，以增强新闻的宣传效果，形成 “新闻词汇”(journalistic words)。新闻词 汇的构成大致有以下六种情况。 （1）旧词换新义 老总
soldier
general or high-ranking commander of the
统治集团；反党集团
the ruling clique; anti-Party clique（ clique：an exclusive circle of
people with a common purpose
这一地区性集团已土崩瓦解。
This regional bloc has fallen apart.
琼州学院外国语学院 18
（3）时间表达有别
① 英语新闻标题：一般过去时表过去； 不定式表将来 ② 汉语新闻标题：借助时间词 施罗德将出访美国
Shroeder to visit US forging ties with the new Bush
(DPA德意志新闻社) 我国承担的人类基因组“天书”接近完成 China to complete draft of 1% Human Genome
Years
琼州学院外国语学院
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三、转换标题形式结构
英文标题无引题，因此应将汉语标题中的引题和 主题合二为一。 例如： （引题）大坝出现“大裂缝”？ 资金是个“无底洞”？ （主题）三峡总公司避谣：空穴来风 Big Rift and Fund Shortage: A Rumor
琼州学院外国语学院
琼州学院外国语学院 17
②修饰语的使用
新编英汉翻译教程5 Comparison between English and Chinese
That is our policy and that is our declaration. —— W. Churchill 这就是我们的国策。这就是我们的宣言。
发展体育运动，增强人民体质。 Promote physical culture, and build up People’s health.
3. 普通人在办公处和家庭中使用电子计算机的时代 已经到来。 The time has come when ordinary people can use electronic computers both in the office and at home. 4. 学科技、学英语，对社会主义现代化建设很重要。 学科技、学英语，对社会主义现代化建设很重要。 It is important to study English as well as science and technology for our socialist modernization drive.
Ⅴ. Static vs. Dynamic
A mastery of Chinese and English is essential for E-C or C-E translation.
做英汉/汉英翻译必须掌握好汉语与英语。 做英汉 汉英翻译必须掌握好汉语与英语。 汉英翻译必须掌握好汉语与英语
The very sight of it makes me feel nervous. 一看到它，我就感到紧张。 一看到它，我就感到紧张。 I am sure of it. 对此我深信不疑。 对此我深信不疑。
Animate)
Ⅶ. Passive vs. Active Ⅷ. Indirect vs. Direct Ⅸ. Substitutive vs. Repetitive Ⅹ. Synthetic vs. Analytic
新编汉英翻译教程答案
新编汉英翻译教程答案新编汉英翻译教程答案【篇一：(新编汉英翻译教程第二版)第二章汉英翻译基础知识】xt>1.探春笑道：“只恐又是你的杜撰。
”宝玉笑道：“除《四书》外，杜撰的太多，偏只我是杜撰不成?”“youre making that up, im afraid,” teased tan chun. “most works, apart from the four books, are made up; am i the only one who made things up?” he retorted with a grin.2.贾母笑道：“你不认得他，他是我们这里有名的一个泼皮破落户儿，南省俗谓作‘辣子’，你只叫他‘凤辣子’就是了。
”“you dont know her, ”said grandmother jia merrily. “shes aholy terror this one. what we used to call in nanking a‘peppercorn’. you just call her ‘peppercorn feng’. shell know who you mean!” (david hawkes 译)3.贾母笑道：“外客未见，就脱了衣裳，还不去见你妹妹!” witha smile at pao-yu, the lady dowager s colded, “fancy changing your clothes before greeting our visitor. hurry up now and pay your respects to your cousin.”4.贾母笑道：“可又是胡说，你又何曾见过他?”“youre talking nonsense again,” said his grandmother, laughing. “how could you possibly have met her?”5.他是只狡猾的老狐狸。
新编汉英翻译教程(翻译)试题范围
1.What is the nature of translation?●The nature of translation is paraphrasing，or transferring the original（source language ——SL) meaning to the target language (TL)。
●Translation is always meaning-based。
2.What is the most influential and most popular criterion of translation inChina? P.3●pressiveness and elegance (“信、达、雅") –a most influential and mostpopular criterion of translation– that is first advocated by Yan Fu (严复)。
3.What is the criterion of CET adopted in this course—book by Chen Hongweiand Li Yadan? P。
5/7●“Similarity in function and corresponding in meaning” （功能相似,语义相符）is what is adopted as the Criteria of CET in this course-book by Chen Hongwei and Li Yadan.4.What types of culture are there？●There are 3 types of“culture” defined by 邢福义，which are：materialculture，institutional culture and mental culture。
新编汉英翻译教程陈宏薇第2版考研练习题库
新编汉英翻译教程陈宏薇第2版考研练习题库陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》（第2版）配套题库（含考研真题）目录第1章绪论第2章汉英翻译基础知识第3章词语的英译3.1 词语指称意义和蕴含意义的确定3.2 词语英译与文化环境3.3 “假朋友”的识别3.4 成语和四字格的英译第4章句子的英译4.1 主语的确定4.2 谓语的确定与主谓一致问题4.3 语序的调整4.4 否定句的英译4.5 句子功能的再现第5章句群与段落的英译5.1 句群内的衔接与连贯5.2 段落翻译第6章篇章的英译6.1 广告文本的英译6.2 新闻文本的英译6.3 科技文本的英译6.4 说明性文本的英译6.5 歌词文本的英译6.6 文学文本的英译•试看部分内容绪论Ⅰ. 填空题1. 按照文本类型来分，翻译可分为_____、_____、_____、_____。
【答案】文学翻译；科技翻译；新闻翻译；应用文翻译查看答案【解析】根据书中所述，文本的类型概括起来有小说、诗歌、戏剧等文学文本，科技报告、科技论文等科技文本，新闻报道、通讯、社论、特写等新闻文本，广告、合同、产品说明书等应用文本。
2. 就翻译方式而言，主要有_____、_____、_____，其中_____是翻译最基本的方式。
【答案】全译；摘译；编译；全译查看答案【解析】全译，指全文翻译，为翻译最基本的方式。
摘译，指根据特定目的，选取、翻译原文的一部分，从而使译入语读者更快地获得所需源语文本中的信息。
编译为“编辑”和“翻译”的结合。
3. 汉语和英语均具有的语言层级为_____、_____、_____、_____、_____。
【答案】词；短语；句子；段落；篇章查看答案【解析】翻译单位是翻译研究和学习翻译不可忽视的问题，因为涉及到两种语言在什么层级上进行转换的问题。
汉英两种语言均有的语言层级为词（wo rd）、短语（ph rase）、句子（sen tence）、段落（p aragraph）和篇章（text）。
新英汉翻译教程-第十二章表达转换译法答案
29 返回章重点 退出
课堂互动2： 翻译句子， 注意肯定译否定（参考译文）
5．We may safely say so. 【译文】我们这样说万无一失。 6．He laughed till his side split. 【译文】他把肚子都要笑破了。
30 返回章重点 退出
课堂互动2： 翻译句子， 注意肯定译否定（参考译文）
12.1.1 反话正说，否定译肯定
英语中有一些否定句，可根据词句的涵义、 逻辑关系，按汉语表达习惯，把否定译肯定，才 符合汉语思维和行文习惯。
10 返回章重点 退出
例1：An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself.
【译文】机会难得。
例2：Such things are of no rare occurrence.
其他用于表达否定意义否定形式： ● 大量使用否定词缀； ● 形式肯定意义否定的动词等； ● 介词和副词等； ● 形容词等； ● 相关的名词等； ● 短语等以及其他结构等。
7 返回章重点 退出
汉语的否定词比英语少得多，在表达否定意 义时，汉语没有严格意义上的形态变化，表达形 式比较简单，易于辨认，几乎所有表达否定意义 的词语中都含有明显的标志性否定词，以副词居 多，个别形容词或少数动词。
12.3 按词汇意义译
12.3.1含有否定意义的动词，译为否定句 12.3.2含有否定意义的名词，译为否定句 12.3.3含有否定意义的代词，译为否定句 12.3.4含有否定意义的形容词，译为否定句 12.3.5含有否定意义的连词，译为否定句 12.3.6含有否定意义的副词，译为否定句 12.3.7含有否定意义的介词（短语），译为否定句 12.3.8 含有否定意义的句子结构，译为否定句
新编汉英翻译教程 第四章(Shortened)
谓语的选择和确定，须兼顾表意和构句的二重需 要，即考虑英语语法规范、搭配习惯和逻辑关系等 问题。 所谓“表意的需要”，指选择谓语时，除考虑该 词语本身能否准确传达原文意义外，还要关照其与 主语的语义关联，亦即逻辑的关联，以及主谓词语 的搭配。此外，谓语动词和宾语的搭配，连系动词 和表语的搭配，以及这两种搭配产生的修辞效果， 也都影响和制约谓语的选择。 而“构句的需要”，则指谓语的确定必须符合英 语语法的需要，必须遵循主谓一致的原则，符合英 语语法规范。
2. 考虑谓语表意的需要时，还必须关照其与主语的语义 关联以及主谓词语的搭配。请看下列例句： 世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。 a. The turn of the century finds China most active in its diplomatic arena. b. At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.
例：液体的形状总是随着容器的变化而变化，因为 液体没有自己的固定形状。换言之，无论你把它 放在什么样的容器中，它的形状总是和容器的内 壁完全一样。 Since a liquid has no definite shape of its own, it varies in shape from container to container. In other words, in whatever container it is poured, the liquid will take exactly the interior shape of the container. 译文和原文一样含两个主从复合句。遵照英语语 法对主谓一致和动词时态、语态的要求，谓语分别 译为第三人称单数一般现在时的has和varies、一般 现在时被动语态的is poured和将来时态的will take。
陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》(第2版)教材的配套题库(“假朋友”的识别)【圣才出品】
3.3“假朋友”的识别对下列“假朋友”进行改译。
1.不冻港nonfreezing port【改译】ice-free port2.你真是个猪头。
You are so pigheaded.【改译】You are a big fool.【解析】题干给出的pigheaded意为“固执的”。
3.黑点black spot【改译】black dot【解析】black spot指“交通事故多发地段”。
4.流动资金circulating funds【改译】working capital5.新闻照片news photo【改译】press photo6.慢车slow train【改译】local train7.自学self-learn【改译】self-taught8.寒衣cold clothes【改译】warm clothes9.复习备考to prepare the test【改译】to study/prepare for the test【解析】to prepare the test意为“出考卷”。
10.大人big man【改译】adult【解析】big man指“大人物、要人”。
11.空军学校The School of the Air【改译】Air Force Academy【解析】The School of the Air指广播学校（即通过电台对各地学生授课的学校）。
12.宰客slaughter customers【改译】swindle money from customers13.（电脑）死机system dead【改译】system halted14.彩票colorful tickets【改译】lottery15.风凉话cold word【改译】irresponsible and sarcastic remarks16.抓紧时间grasp time firmly【改译】make the best use of time17.大龄青年old youth【改译】single youth above the normal matrimonial age18.扣帽子put a hat on【改译】put a label on19.赢得市场gain market【改译】gain a larger share of the market20.定向培训training for certain direction【改译】training for specific posts21.口水mouth water【改译】saliva22.洗牌to wash the playing cards【改译】to shuffle the playing cards23.白酒white wine【改译】spirits/liquor24.大片big movie【改译】blockbuster25.长镜头long lens【改译】zoom lens26.提高英语水平raise the level of one’s English 【改译】improve one’s English27.密码secret code【改译】password28.不冻港non-freezing port【改译】ice-free port29.红酒red liquor【改译】wine30.黄色书籍yellow book【改译】blue book/pornography【解析】题干给出的“yellow book”意为“黄皮书”（法国政府报告书，以黄纸为封），是一个非正式用词。
陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》（第2版）教材的配套题库（绪论）【圣才出品】
陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》（第2版）教材的配套题库（绪论）【圣才出品】第1章绪论Ⅰ.填空题1.按照⽂本类型来分，翻译可分为_____、_____、_____、_____。
【答案】⽂学翻译；科技翻译；新闻翻译；应⽤⽂翻译【解析】根据书中所述，⽂本的类型概括起来有⼩说、诗歌、戏剧等⽂学⽂本，科技报告、科技论⽂等科技⽂本，新闻报道、通讯、社论、特写等新闻⽂本，⼴告、合同、产品说明书等应⽤⽂本。
2.就翻译⽅式⽽⾔，主要有_____、_____、_____，其中_____是翻译最基本的⽅式。
【答案】全译；摘译；编译；全译【解析】全译，指全⽂翻译，为翻译最基本的⽅式。
摘译，指根据特定⽬的，选取、翻译原⽂的⼀部分，从⽽使译⼊语读者更快地获得所需源语⽂本中的信息。
编译为“编辑”和“翻译”的结合。
3.汉语和英语均具有的语⾔层级为_____、_____、_____、_____、_____。
【答案】词；短语；句⼦；段落；篇章【解析】翻译单位是翻译研究和学习翻译不可忽视的问题，因为涉及到两种语⾔在什么层级上进⾏转换的问题。
汉英两种语⾔均有的语⾔层级为词（word）、短语（phrase）、句⼦（sentence）、段落（paragraph）和篇章（text）。
其中，篇章是最理想的翻译单位。
4._____是能独⽴运⽤的最⼩语法单位，_____是词与词组合⽽成的语法单位。
【答案】词；短语【解析】需要注意的是，由于汉英两种语⾔分属不同的语系，在语⾔⽂化特别是句法结构和思维模式上的差异⽐较⼤，因此以词或短语为翻译单位⾏不通。
5.对于初学者来说，_____是较为理想的翻译单位。
【答案】句⼦【解析】句⼦可以表达完整的意思，可以通过语调来表⽰陈述、疑问、感叹等语⽓，同时句⼦末段会有显著的停顿符号。
这些使得汉语中的句⼦⽐较容易辨识，容易分析，在翻译时较容易转变句⼦结构，使译⽂符合英⽂的句⼦结构。
因此，对于初学者来说，与词、短语或篇章相⽐，句⼦是更为理想的翻译单位。
陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》(第2版)教材的配套题库(句子功能的再现)【圣才出品】
4.5句子功能的再现将下列句子译成英语。
1.我家门前有些摆摊儿的，都是生意人。
大凡生意人都懂得“一步差三市”的道理。
就是说，别看你的店只和人家差了三步，但景气的程度要差了很多，许多人家的铺子红火热闹，你的铺子却开不了张。
【译文】In front of my house there are a few stalls run by street vendors.Street vendors all know the popular saying:“Locations make a difference in business.”That is to say,even if your stall stands side by side with someone else’s in the neighbourhood,your neighbour may attract a constant stream of shoppers,but yours,unfortunately,is visited by few.【解析】翻译陈述句时，一方面要使译文与原文信息功能相似、意义相符，一方面确保译文语言遵循译入语的语法和表达习惯。
2.这一次，我去了许多新地方，看见了许多新朋友。
(巴金《朋友》）【译文】I visited many new places and met many new friends on my recent trip.3.过铁路时，他先将橘子散放在地上，自己慢慢爬下，再抱起橘子走。
(朱自清《背影》）【译文】In crossing the railway track,he first put the tangerines on the ground, climbed down slowly and then picked them up again.4.我不打麻将，我不经常听戏看电影，几年中难得一次，我不长时间看电视，通常只看半个小时，我也不串门子闲聊天。
陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》(第2版)-第1章 绪 论【圣才出品】
第1章绪论1.1 复习笔记一、翻译的性质与类型1. 翻译的意义翻译是将一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。
翻译的本质是释义，是意义的转换。
翻译活动涉及诸多因素：译者(translator)、作者(author)、原文(source text)、原文读者(source-text readers)、译文(target text/translated text/target version)、译文读者(target-text readers)等。
2. 翻译的类型①就文本而言，翻译可分为文学翻译、科技翻译和应用文翻译。
②就方式而言，主要有全译、摘译和编译。
二、汉英翻译的单位翻译单位可以决定在什么层级上实现翻译的标准。
汉语和英语的语言层级均有词(word)、短语(phrase)、句子(sentence)、段落(paragraph)和篇章(text)。
对初学者来说，句子是较为理想的翻译单位。
但是汉语句子只是语义相对完整的一个单位，它与相邻句子之间必然存在语义上的关联，所以不可孤立地翻译句子而忽视句子之间的关系。
三、汉英翻译的标准1. 中国的翻译标准在中国，严复的“信、达、雅”(faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance)是影响最深、流传最广的翻译标准。
该三字标准最早出现于佛经翻译家支谦的《法句经序》中。
文学翻译家黄龙先生对严复提出的翻译标准倍加欣赏，并赋予“信、达、雅”新的内涵和生命，其标准适用于文学翻译。
另一位翻译家刘重德先生在严复的基础上，提出了“信达切”(faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness)的翻译标准。
“信”指信于原文内容(to be faithful to the content of the original)；“达”指具备原文一样的表现力(to be as expressive as the original)；“切”指尽可能切近原文风格(to be as close to the original style as possible)。
陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》(第2版)教材的配套题库(广告文本的英译)【圣才出品】
6.1广告文本的英译Practice1中国技术进口公司招标通告编号：TCB827008中国技术进口总公司（以下简称“中技”）根据原中国外资管理委员会与日本海外经济协力基金会签订的兖石铁路、京秦铁路和秦皇岛港三项建设工程以及石臼所港扩建工程贷款协议，授权采用国际竞争方式对上述项目所需的设备和材料进行采购（详见附表）。
欢迎在合格货源国组成和注册并受该国控制的有丰富经验和良好信誉的制造厂或贸易公司参加供货。
请于今年6月30日以前函告拟供货项目并向我公司提交资格预审材料。
全部资料请以英文书写，一式三份。
我公司将于资格审查完毕后向合格制造厂家或贸易公司发出询价。
中国技术进口总公司第七业务部地址：中国北京×××电传：22244CNTIC CN电报挂号：TECHIMPORT BEIJING电话：890931-242【参考译文】China National Technical Import CorporationInvitation to Bid No.TCB827008 In accordance with Loan Agreement concluded between the Foreign Investment Commission of China and the Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund ofJapan for three construction projects of Yan-Shi Railway,Jing-Qin Railway and Qinhuangdao Port and Shijiusuo Port Expansion,China National Technical Import Corporation(hereinafter referred to“CNTIC”)is authorized to purchase equipment and materials(details as per attached lists)needed by the above-mentioned projects by way of international competition.We hereby invite manufacturers and/or trading companies organized and registered in and controlled by the eligible source countries to participate in the supply of the above-mentioned equipment and materials.Interested manufacturers and/or trading companies are requested to inform us by letter of the items they are to supply and submit us relevant documents for prequalification not later than June30,1982.The contents of documents shall be made in English language in triplicate.After completion of evaluation of the Prequalification Documents,CNTIC will dispatch inquiries to the qualified manufacturers and/or trading companies.The7th DepartmentChina National Technical Import CorporationAddress:____,Beijing,ChinaTelex:22244CNTIC CNCable Address:TECHIMPORT BEIJINGTelephone:890931-242Practice2史密斯国际有限公司招标通告史密斯国际有限公司招标委员会主席决定采用国际公开招标方式采购两艘深舱货轮，并邀请各合格货源国的造船者或在合格货源国组成和注册并受该国控制的有良好声誉和丰富经验的造船厂或贸易公司参加投标。
新编汉英翻译教程附录
3.重要机构名称英译学校各部门：校医院university hospital保卫科security section财务处finance section基础部basic training department教材科teaching material section教导处educational setion教务处the dean’s office教研室teaching and research room科研处scientific research department膳食科catering section外事科foreign affairs office学生科student affairs section学术委员会academic committee研究生院graduate school招生办公室admission office政教处political education section总务处general affairs office政党及党组织：九三学社The Jiu San Society台湾民主自治同盟The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League政治局Political Bureau中共中央对外联络部International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee中共中央统战部United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee中国共产党The Communist Party of China中国共产主义青年团Communist Youth League of China中国国民党革命委员会The Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang中国民主促进会China Association for Promoting Democracy中国民主建国会China Democratic National Construction Association中国民主同盟The China Democratic League中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party中国致公党China Zhi Gong Party中央办公厅General Office of the Central Committee中央党校Party School of the Central Committee中央顾问委员会Advisory Commission of the Central Committee中央候补委员Alternate Member of the Central Committee中央纪律检查委员会Discipline Inspection Commission of the Central Committee 中央军事化委员会Military Commission Under the Central Committee中央绿化委员会Greening Commission of the Central Committee中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee中央委员会Central Committee /C.C.中央政法委员会Commission of Politics and Law of the Central Committee中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee中央组织部Organizing Department of the Central Committee国务院所属各部、委、局的名称兵器工业部Ministry of Ordnance Industry财政部Ministry of Finance城乡建设环境保护部Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environment Protection地质矿产部Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources电子工业部Ministry of Electronics Industry对外经济贸易部Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation纺织工业部Ministry of Textile Industry工商局Industrial and Commercial Bureau工商行政管理总局General Bureau of Industrial and Commercial Administration公安部Ministry of Public Security广播电影电视部Ministry of Radio, Film and Television国防部Ministry of National Defense国防科学技术工业委员会the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for State Security国家安全部Ministry of State Security国家标准总局State Bureau of Standardization国家测量制图局State Bureau of Surveying and Cartography国家档案局State Archives Bureau国家地震局State Seismological Bureau国家发展计划委员会State Development Planning Commission国家海洋局State Oceanic Bureau国家计划生育委员会the State Family Planning Commission国家计划委员会the State Planning Commission国家计量总局State Bureau of Metrology国家经济体制改革委员会the State Commission for Restructuring Economic System国家经济委员会the State Economic Commission国家民族事务委员会the State Nationalities Affairs Commission国家商品检查局State Commodity Inspection Bureau国家水产总局State Bureau of Aquatic Products国家税务局State Taxation Administration国家体育运动委员会the State Physical Culture and Sports Commission国家统计局State Statistical Bureau国家物价局State Bureau of Commodity Prices国家新闻出版署State Press and Publication Bureau国内贸易部Ministry of Internal Trade国土局Land and Resources Bureau国土资源部Ministry of Land and Natural Resources国务院参事室Office of Counselors to the State Council国务院港澳办公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office under the State Council 国务院侨务办公室Overseas Chinese Affairs under the State Council海关总署General Administration of Customs航天工业部Ministry of Astronautics Industry核工业部Ministry of Nuclear Industry化学工业部Ministry of Chemical Industry机械工业部Ministry of Machine-Building Industry监察部Ministry of Supervision建设部Ministry of Construction交通部Ministry of Communication教育部Ministry of Education科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labor and Social Security林业部Ministry of Forestry旅行游览总局General Administration of Travel and Tourism煤炭工业部Ministry of Coal Industry民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs轻工业部Ministry of Light Industry农牧渔业部Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery全国供销合作总社All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives 审计署Auditing Administration石油工业部Ministry of Petroleum Industry水利电力部Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power司法部Ministry of Justice铁道部Ministry of Railways外国专家局Bureau of Foreign Experts Administration外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs卫生部Ministry of Health文化部Ministry of Culture信息产业部Ministry of Information Technology and Telecom Industries冶金工业部Ministry of Metallurgical Industries邮电部Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications宗教事务局Bureau of Religious Affairs其他政府和群众组织：中华全国妇女联合会All-China Women’s Federation中华全国工商业联合会All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce中国残疾人协会Chinese Association for the Handicapped中华全国总工会All-China Federation of Trade Unions中国红十字会Red Cross Society of China全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress省人民代表大会Provincial People’s Congress地区人民代表大会Prefectural People’s Congress市人民代表大会City People’s Congress自治区人民代表大会Autonomous Regional People’s Congress中国人民政治协商会议Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court中级人民法院Intermediate People’s Court中央法院Central Court地方法院Local Court人民检察院People’s Procuratorate公安局Ministry of Public Security中国民用航天局Civil Aviation of China国家安全部Ministry of State Security中国民用航天总局General Administration of Civil Aviation of China中国文字改革委员会Committee for Reforming the Chinese Written Language 中国中央电视台China Central Television Station/ CCTV中央气象局Central Bureau of Meteorology中央文史研究馆Central Research Institute of Culture and History新华社Xinhua News Agency编辑室Editorial Section辞书出版社Lexicographic Publishing House高等教育出版社Higher Education Press古籍出版社Classics Press广播电视出版社Broadcasting and Television Press教育出版社Education Press科学技术出版社Science & Technology Press美术出版社Fine Arts Press人民出版社People’s Publishing House商务印书馆Commercial Press少年儿童出版社Juveniles and Children’s Publishing House社会科学出版社Social Science Publishing House外文出版社Foreign Languages Press文艺出版社Literature and Art Publishing House销售部Sales Department译文出版社Translation Publishing House音像出版社Audio-Visual Publishing House中国对外翻译出版公司China Translation & Publishing Corporation商业银行Commercial Bank信用社Credit Cooperative中国工商银行Industrial & Commercial Bank of China中国建设银行China Construction Bank中国农业银行Agriculture Bank of China中国人民银行the People’s Bank of China中国银行the Bank of China中国文化特色词语宗教及传统文化拜年pay a New Year call财运luck in making money禅宗Chan Sect出家人ascetic祠堂memorial temple倒春寒an unusually cold spell in an otherwise warm early spring 道教Taoism道士Taoist priest法师Master方丈Buddhist abbot佛教Buddhism恭喜发财May you be prosperous!/ Wish you all the best!和尚Buddhist monk红包red envelope containing money as a gift/ bribe/ kickback 红运good luck华表ornamental column/ cloud pillar/stele华盖canopy回教Islam慧根the organ of wisdom基督教Christianity甲骨文inscriptions on oracle bones江南水乡the south of the lower reaches of Yangtze River戒precept/ discipline金刚经Diamond Sutra京剧票友Peking Opera fan京剧人物脸谱types of facial make-up in Peking Opera景泰蓝cloisonné旧教、天主教Catholicism坎儿井karez空emptiness喇嘛Lama老字号an old and famous shop/ enterprise尼姑Buddhist nun涅槃Nirvana旗袍cheongsam三藏经Tripitaka三教（儒、释、道）Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism时运luck/ fortune四大皆空all space directions being valid新教，耶稣教Protestantism真人Taoism pure man族人clansman坐禅sitting in meditation节假日春节Spring Festival党的诞生日Party’s Birthday端午节Dragon-Boat Festival国庆节National Day建军节Army Day教师节Teachers’ Day六一儿童节International Children’s Day清明节Pure Brightness Day三八妇女节International Working Women’s Day五一劳动节May Day/ International Labor Day元旦New Year’s Day元宵节Lantern Festival中秋节Mid-Autumn Festival重阳节Double-Ninth Festival名胜古迹阿里山Ali Mountain碑林Forest of Steles兵马俑the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses布达拉宫Potala Palace长城Great Wall长春观Changchun Taoist Temple承德避暑山庄Chengde Mountain Resort城隍庙the Town God’s Temple大（小）雁塔Greater （Lesser）Wild Goose Pagoda 叠彩山Piled Silk Hill东方明珠塔the Oriental Pearl Power东湖East Lake洞庭湖Dongting Lake峨眉山Mt. Emei二七纪念馆February 7 Memorial Hall夫子庙the Temple of Confucius鼓浪屿Gulang Islet故宫the Imperial Palace/ the Forbidden City归元寺Guiyuan Buddhist Temple龟山Tortoise Hill华清池Huaqing Hot Spring黄鹤楼Yellow Crane Tower黄山Huangshan Mountain九曲桥the Nine Zigzag Bridge橘子洲Orange Island孔庙Confucius Temple坤宁宫Palace of Earthly Tranquility乐山大佛Large Leshan Buddha灵隐寺Temple of Soul’s Retreat龙门石窟Longmen Grottos庐山Mt. Lushan芦笛岩Reed Flute Cave毛主席纪念堂Chairman Mao Memorial Hall莫高窟Mogao Grotto in Dunhuang蓬莱阁Penglai Pavilion人民大会堂People’s Great Hall人民英雄纪念碑the Monument to the People’s Heroes日月潭Sun Moon Lake三峡the Three Gorges on the Yangtze少林寺Shaolin Temple蛇山Snake Hill狮子林Lion Grove十三陵the Ming Tombs石林Stone Forest嵩山Songshan Mountain太和殿Hall of Supreme Harmony太湖Lake Taihu泰山Mt. Taishan天安门广场Tian An Men Square天坛Temple of Heaven外滩the Bund武汉长江大桥Wuhan Changjiang River Bridge武侯祠Temple Dedicated to the Memory of Zhuge Liang象鼻山Elephant Trunk Hill养心殿Hall of Mental Cultivation颐和园the Imperial Garden/ the Summer Palace雨花台the Terrace of the Raining Flowers玉渊潭公园Jade Abyss Pool Park豫园（上海城隍庙）Yuyuan Garden/ Shanghai’s Town God’s Temple 岳阳楼Yueyang Tower中山陵Dr. Sun Yet-sen’s Mausoleum紫金山天文台Purple Hills Observatory紫禁城the Forbidden City紫竹院公园Purple Bamboo Court Park节气二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms立春the Beginning of Spring (1st solar term)雨水Rain Water惊蛰the Waking of Insects春分the Spring Equinox清明Pure Brightness谷雨Grain Rain立夏the Beginning of Summer小满Grain Full芒种Grain in Ear夏至the Summer Solstice小暑Slight Heat大暑Great Heat立秋the Beginning of Autumn处暑the Limit of Heat白露White Dew秋分the Autumn Equinox寒露Cold Dew霜降Frost’s Descent立冬the Beginning of Winter小雪Lesser Snow大雪Great Snow冬至the Winter Solstice小寒Lesser Cold大寒Greater Cold政治经济活动“达标”活动“target hitting” activities“豆腐渣”工程jerry-built project“一条龙”服务coordinated-process service安居工程Housing Project for low-income families按劳分配distribution according to one’s performance把各项政策落到实处truly put all policies into effect把握正确的舆论导向to properly guide the public opinion把眼光放远一点to subordinate immediate interests to the long –term ones/ to be farsighted/ to have a broad view把已经确定的方针政策措施落到实处to get the set principles, policies and measures implemented百花齐放，百家争鸣Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend百年不遇once-in-a-century摆门面to put up an impressive front半拉子工程uncompleted project包干到户work contracted to households保持和发展党的先进性preserve and enhance maintain and develop the Party’s vanguard nature保重点，不撒胡椒面Resources must be channeled to priority projects and not spread thinly everywhere本位主义departmentalism变相涨价disguised inflation拨乱反正to set things right/ to restore things to order不搞一刀切without imposing a single solution不顾条件，一哄而起to rush into action in disregard of objective conditions不合理收费、集资和摊派to impose charges and quotas and collect money without authorization不良风气unhealthy ways and customs不正之风unhealthy practice部优产品Ministry-recognized quality goods/ products财政困难县financially strapped counties菜篮子工程the shopping basket project参政议政意识the awareness of the need to participate in the discussion and administration of state affairs超计划生育to have more children than what is planned/ extra-plan babies城市最低生活保障制度the system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents城乡居民最低生活保障制度the system of basic living allowances for urban and rural residents吃大锅饭the egalitarian practice of “everybody eating from the same big pot”出口退税export tax rebates传销pyramid selling/ multi-level marketing春运(passenger)transportation during the Spring Festival磁悬浮列车maglev train/ magnetic suspension打白条to issue IOUs打假to crack down on counterfeit goods打捆货贷bundled loans打破僵局to break the deadlock大路货staple goods大排档sidewalk snack booth/ large stall大腕top notch/ a heavyweight待业job-waiting单位organizations and institutions党风廉政政策build a fine Party culture and keep its organization clean党群关系Party-masses relationship党性one’s Party morale/ Par ty spirit/ Party character倒爷profiteer第二职业second employment/ second occupation第三产业tertiary industry/ service sector对外宣传工作to conduct public diplomacy programs发展是硬道理Development is of overriding importance防洪工程flood-prevention project房管real estate management放宽市场准入relax control over market entry/ease market access扶贫poverty alleviation福利分房welfare-oriented public housing distribution system改革开放reform and opening to the outside world改革开放政策the reform and open policy港人治港Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong高新技术产业开发区high and new technological industry development zone搞活国营大中型企业to revitalize large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 搞活经济to invigorate/ enliven/ liberalize the economy革命老根据地the old revolutionary base areas公费医疗medical services at state expense公款吃喝banquet at public expenses挂靠to be attached or affiliated to挂职to be attached or affiliated to / to be subordinate to官倒official profiteering规范收入分配秩序standardize pattern of income distribution国家行政编制government staff status长期国库券treasury bonds国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises，和平共处五项原则the Five Principles of Peace Coexistence，和平统一一国两制的方针the principles of peaceful reunification and “one country, two systems”，和平演变peaceful evolution towards capitalism和谐发展all-win harmony/harmony and all winners和谐社会的内涵the characteristics of a harmony society黑店gangster inn黑客hacker黑社会gangland，Mafia-style organizations红筹股red-chip shares/red chips户口簿residence booklet户口管理制度domicile system/residence registration system户主head of a household灰色收入income from moonlighting火炬计划Torch Program基本国情fundamental realities of the country集体主义community spirit/collectivism计划生育family planning加强基层民主to expand democracy at village and community level加强务实合作to enhance cooperation in practical term假日经济holiday economy坚持“一个中心两个基本点”的基本路线adhere to the Party’s basic line of taking economic development as the central task and upholding the four Cardinal Principles and the reform and opening up policy, known as “on central task and two basicpoints”坚持两个文明一起抓to ensure that efforts are made to build a society that is advanced both materially and culturally and ideologically，减员增效下岗分流to cut down the size of workforce for efficiency and get the layoffs re-employed elsewhere，讲文明礼貌to promote civilized behavior/civic manners，讲学习，讲政治，讲正气的党性党风教育to educate the cadres in the Party spirit and style through the promotion of the three emphases on theoretical studies.political awareness and integrity解放生产力emancipate the productive forces，解放思想to free our mind戒急用忍to overcome impetuosity and exercise patience/no haste/be patient经济开发区economic development zone经济特区special economic zone精简机构to streamline government organs精神文明建设to promote cultural and ethical progress，纠风办State Council Office for Rectification，纠正不正之风to rectify unhealthy tendencies and malpractices，九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education，军转民military conversion/conversion from military to civilian production，开展扫黄打非斗争to crack down on pornography and other illegal publications康居工程the Affordable Housing Project科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive force.科教兴国战略the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education 科学民主决策to make decisions scientifically and democratically可持续发展sustainable development跨世纪工程a trans-century project廉政建设construction of a clean government廉政文化建设to foster a culture of clean government领导班子leading body/group领导班子和干部队伍建设to strengthen the Party’s leading bodies and the ranks of Party officials to enhance capacity-building of Party’s leading bodies and party officials龙头play a leading role in/ serve as a powerhouse乱摊派indiscriminate levies/ arbitrary imposition of quotas乱涨价unauthorized price rise，民工out-of-town laborer/ rural laborer/ migrant laborer民族区域自治制度the system of autonomy of ethnic regions磨洋工to dawdle along，南水北调工程projects to divert water from the south to the north,农转非agricultural people to be given non-agriculture status普法教育to enhance legal awareness企业政策性破产policy-mandated bankruptcy of enterprise强国之路the path to a strong China勤俭建国to build the country with industry and thrift全民所有制public ownership/public sector/publicly owned，权力下放to delegate/decentralize power to the lower levels三角债debt chains三通direct links in postal service,air and shipping services and trade/three direct links of trade, mail and air and shipping services across te Taiwan Straits三峡工程Three Gorges Project三资企业enterprises in the “three firms of ventures”: Sino-foreign joint ventures,cooperative businesses and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises扫黄anti-pornography drive/campaign against pornography，社会主义基本制度the basic system of socialism涉外婚姻Chinese marriage with foreign nationals生态补偿机制ecological damage compensation mechanism十年动乱the ten chaotic years/the ten-year turmoil，十年规划和“八五”计划纲要the guidelines of the Ten-Year Programme and the Eighth Five-Year Plan实事求是to pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach事业编制staffing of government affiliated institutions四有公民citizens who have high ideas, moral integrity, a good education and a strong sense of discipline脱贫to shake off poverty歪风邪气unhealthy practices and evil phenomena晚婚晚育late marriage and postponement of childbearing温饱问题the problem of inadequate food and clothing五好家庭five-virtue family五讲四美三热爱five stresses and four points of beauty and three aspects of love五讲四美运动the movement of”five stresses and four points of beauty”:to promote civility,courtesy,tidiness,orderliness and integrity物质文明material progress下岗人员the laid-off下海to take the plunge into private business下硬功夫make intensive efforts乡镇企业township enterprise/rural enterprise小康社会a well-off society小康生活to lead a relatively comfortable life小商品市场small fair，信息高速公路information highway/info highway星火计划Spark Program姓资姓社问题distinction of what is socialism and what is capitalism亚运村Asian Games Village严打to crack down on crimes and social evils严防死守life-and-death defense一刀切sweeping approach/ to impose uniformity on /action in disregard of objective conditions一国两制one country, two systems一切向钱看money-mania/ money-mad/to put money above anything else依法治国to rule the country in accordance with law移风易俗to transform outmoded habit and custom以权谋私to abuse power for personal gains优生优育to promote good prenatal and postnatal care/ to improve prenatal and postnatal care有经济头脑的人commercially minded people/people with business sense跃上新台阶to reach a new high宰人rip-off政企分开to separate government functions from enterprise management支农惠农政策policies to support and benefit agriculture,rural areas and farmers治理三乱to put to a stop/eliminate indiscriminate fines,charges and levies治理整顿improve the economic environment and rectify the economic order中央the national leadership/the central Party and government authorities/the central government重点贫困县designated poverty-stricken counties重复建设to build redundant project/duplication of similar projects抓住经济建设这个中心to commit ourselves to the central task of economic development专业户specialized household自负盈亏to be responsible for one’s own profit and loss自留地individual farm plots/private plots of land走共同致富的道路take the road to common prosperity，遵纪守法observe discipline and aside by the law退居二线leave the leading post/retire from the leading post，吃皇粮to receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government。
汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程陈宏薇)
"文化"（culture）物质文化（material culture ）制度文化（institutional culture ）心理文化（也称观念文化）（mental culture）咖啡（coffee）、巧克力（chocolate）、色拉（salad）、三明治（sandwich）、歇斯底里（hysteria）、休克（shock）、基因（gene）、钙（calcium）、维他命（vitamin ）、奥林匹克（Olympic ）、雷达（radar）、先令（shilling ）、夹克（jacket）、电视t television ）、激光（laser）、飞机（aeroplane）、火车（train）、交响乐（symphony）、基督徒（Christian ）、面包（bread）、盲文（brail）、圣诞老人（Santa Claus）、圣经（Bible ）、马海毛（mahair）、贝雷帽（beret）、革命（revolution ）、营养（nourish ）>解放（liberate ）>民主（democracy） >科学（science） >独裁（dictatorship ）、心理学（psychology）、形而上学（metaphysics）、图书馆（library ）、想象（imagination ）、暗示（hint）、投资（investment）磁卡电话（card phone）、立交桥（overpass）、隐形眼镜（contact lenses） >下拉菜单(pulldown)、软驱(floppy drive )、光驱(CD drive )、鼠标m mouse)、电月商C computer)、内存条(RAM chip )、复印机(xerox machine)、安乐死(euthanasia)、艾滋病(AIDS )、香波(shampoo)、连锁店(chain store)、热狗(hot dog)、自助餐(buffet)、牛仔服(cowboy suit)、T 恤衫(T-shirt)意合(parataxis)隐性(covertness)显性(overtness)形合(hypotaxis)伦理(ethics)认知(cognition)顺其自然(Let nature take its course in accordance with its natural tendency)、听其自然(leave the matter as it is; take the world as it is)、听天安命(accept the situation) >听天由命(be at the mercy of nature; be left to God's mercy; let fate have its way; submit the will of Heaven; wait for one's fate)。
陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》作为考研参考教材的院校汇总
华侨大学
四川省 西南交通大学
外语学院 357 英语翻译基础[专业硕士] 外国语学院 357 英语翻译基础[专业学位] 外国语学院 837 写作与翻译 MTI 教育中心 357 英语翻译基础[专业硕士] 外国语学院 873 专业综合 外国语学院 804 专业英语 国际翻译学院 646 综合英语 英语教育学院 801 英语写作与翻译； 高级翻译学院 801 英语写作与翻译； 国际商务英语学院 801 英语写 作与翻译； 英语语言文化学院 801 英语写作与翻 译； 词典学研究中心 801 英语写作与翻译 外国语言文化学院 709 英语写作与翻译 外国语学院 804 英语写作与翻译 外国语学院 841 作文与翻译 外国语学院 620 英语写作与翻译；外国语学院 815 写 作与翻译（教硕）[专业硕士] 外国语学院 357 英语翻译基础[专业硕士]； 外国语学 院 812 翻译与写作 外国语学院 357 英语翻译基础
外国语学院 819 英语写作与翻译（写作与翻译各占一 半） 外国语学院 829 写作翻译（写作与翻译各占一半）
~2~
使用相同教材的院校汇总，对于择校换学校调剂都有帮助「微信公众号：最强笔记」
中南民族大学
三峡大学
湖南科技大学
湖南省
吉首大学 中南林业科技大学
湖南工业大学
中山大学
广东省
广东外大学
天津科技大学
外国语学院 830 英语专业综合
~1~
使用相同教材的院校汇总，对于择校换学校调剂都有帮助「微信公众号：最强笔记」
天津外国语大学
英语学院 801 英语语言文学（翻译及同声传译方 向）；高翻学院 801 英语语言文学（翻译及同声传译方 向）
中国民航大学
第3章_词语英译(新编汉英翻译教程_陈宏薇)
1、英军胜利地登上了小岛。
a. The British army climbed onto the island successfully.b. The British army landed on the island successfully.析：“登”一词既有“爬、攀登”之意，又可理解为“登陆”。
从本句的上下文来看，“登”这一动作的施动者是军队，对象是小岛而非高山，“登上”意为“登陆、上岸”，应译作land on ，而非climb onto 。
２、他对事情的进展情况也还满意。
He is quite satisfied with the way things went.析：“也”在句中是表示程度的副词，不可作“同样”解，不应译为also 或as well 。
３、他是我父亲。
He is my father.这姑娘是漂亮。
This is girl is really beautiful.此人是书就读。
This man reads every book he can reach .是可忍，孰不可忍？If this can be tolerated, what cannot?是古非今Praise the past to condemn the present析：“是”在以上各句中的指称意义各不相同。
第一句的“是”表示判断，第二句中的“是”必须重读，表示“的确、实在”，第三句中的“是”表示凡是，第四句的“是”意为“这”，仅用于书面语中，“是”的这一用法已带有蕴涵意义了。
第五句的“是”意为“认为正确”，作动词用，也是书面语。
所以，译文的表达也相应地有所不同。
４、知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。
When you know a thing, to hold that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it----this is knowledge .（孔子《论语》，James Legge 译）析：句中一连出现了五个“知”字，前四个“知”的词性与指称意义相同，都作动词“知道”解。
孙致礼 新编汉英翻译教程
孙致礼新编汉英翻译教程简介《孙致礼新编汉英翻译教程》是一本翻译领域的经典教材，由孙致礼先生编写。
本教程为学习者提供了全面而系统的翻译技巧和实践经验，旨在帮助学习者提高汉英翻译水平并掌握专业翻译技巧。
无论是初学者还是有一定翻译基础的人士，都可以通过本教程获得实用的指导。
以下是本教程的一些重要内容。
目录1.翻译概述翻译定义翻译分类翻译的基本要素2.知识与技巧语言学知识文化差异对语言的影响语言表达的多样性语言文字的特点和规则翻译技巧翻译思维方式与方法翻译难点与解决策略专业词汇的翻译方法3.文体与风格文体特点与翻译技巧散文小说新闻报道学术论文翻译中的文化因素文化差异对翻译的影响文化背景的理解与传达翻译中的鉴赏与翻创保留原文特点的翻译灵活运用目标语言的表达方式4.实践与案例分析翻译实践技巧阅读与理解原文确定翻译目标与要求创造性解决翻译难题翻译案例分析不同文体的翻译技巧对比案例分析与反思学习目标通过学习《孙致礼新编汉英翻译教程》，学习者将能够： - 理解翻译的基本概念和定义； - 掌握翻译所需的语言学知识和技巧； - 熟悉不同文体和风格的翻译特点和技巧； - 理解文化因素对翻译的影响，并能够有效传达文化背景； - 在实践中灵活运用翻译技巧，并解决各种翻译难题。
适用对象本教程适用于以下人群： - 汉英翻译专业学生； - 从事汉英翻译工作的翻译人员； - 有较高英语水平且对翻译感兴趣的人士； - 想要了解翻译技巧和实践经验的人群。
使用方式学习者可以按照以下方式使用本教程： 1. 按照章节顺序系统学习； 2. 根据自身需求选择特定章节进行针对性学习； 3. 阅读案例分析部分进行实践操作，并进行反思总结。
结语《孙致礼新编汉英翻译教程》是一本系统而实用的翻译学习教材，能够帮助学习者提高汉英翻译水平，并掌握专业翻译技巧。
通过深入学习本教程，学习者将能够在实践中灵活运用所学知识，解决各种翻译难题，提升翻译质量和准确度。
无论是从事翻译工作的专业人士，还是对翻译感兴趣的学生和爱好者，本教程都将成为你提高翻译能力的重要工具和参考资料。
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1.What is the nature of translation?●The nature of translation is paraphrasing, or transferring the original(source language -- SL) meaning to the target language (TL).●Translation is always meaning-based.2.What is the most influential and most popular criterion of translation inChina? P.3●pressiveness and elegance (“信、达、雅”)–a most influential and mostpopular criterion of translation– that is first advocated by Yan Fu (严复).3.What is the criterion of CET adopted in this course-book by Chen Hongweiand Li Yadan? P.5/7●“Similarity in function and corresponding in meaning” (功能相似，语义相符) is what is adopted as the Criteria of CET in this course-book by Chen Hongwei and Li Yadan.4.What types of culture are there?●There are 3 types of“culture”defined by 邢福义, which are: materialculture, institutional culture and mental culture..5.What kinds of scritpt are Chinese and English respectively?●Chinese is an ideographic one / ideographic-oriented syllabic script (表意音节文字) , while English is an alphabetic script, formed by the combination of one or more of the 26 English letters.6.What is the reason leading to cultural shock, simentically? P.34-●Simentically, semantic non-correspondence (语义相异) and semantic zero(语义空缺) are the very reasons leading to the so-called cultural shock .7.What is text? What are its unique features:●Text(语篇) is a semantic unit expressing a holistic concept. Coherence(衔接) & consistency(连贯) are its unique features.8.心有余而力不足。
One’s ability falls short of one’s wishes.9.您的建议我会永远铭记在心。
I will always bear your advice in mind.10.得人心者得天下。
Those who gain popularity among the people will gain the power. 11.哀莫大于心死。
The greatest despair comes from a devastated heart.12.治国/家/病/水administer a countrymanage a householdcure diseasetame rivers13.基本工资/建设/设施/利益basic wagecapital constructioninfrastructurefundamental interest14.箱子里已经没有地方了。
There is no more space in the chest.15.费孝通(社会学家、人类学家、民族学家) 在80寿辰聚会上，曾经意味深长地讲了一句16字箴言：“各美其美，美人之美，美美与共，天下大同。
”Mr. Fei Xiaotong (a sociologist, anthropologist and ethnologist as well) once uttered a significant maxim at his 80th birthday party: “Every country will by rights treasure her own civilization, and if each is willing to cherish that of the other and when all are ready to share with each other their own civilizations, then a truly harmonious world will come into being.”16.只有冷静才能成功。
Success depends on calm minds.17.学习的敌人是自己的满足，要认真学一点东西必须从不自满开始。
Complacency is the enemy of study. We cannot learn anything until we rid ourselves of complacency.18.那不是明朝的建筑。
That is anything but a building of the Min Dynasty.19.欲速则不达。
More haste, less speed.20.不破不立，不塞不流，不止不行，它们之间的斗争是生死斗争。
There is no construction without destructionm, no flowing withoutdamming, and no motion without rest; the two are locked inlife-and-death struggle.21.动物没有水就不能生存，植物没有水也不能生长。
Animals cannot live without water, neither can plants grow..22.上海男人聪明、务实，有时也相当圆滑。
最令人印象深刻的是，上海男人在事业上有进取心，对家庭有很强的责任感，而且尊重女性。
P.127Shanghai men are smart and practical and even slippery, but whatimpressive most is that they are aggressive in their career andresponsible to their families and respectful to their females.23.在四川西部，有一美妙去处。
它背依岷山主峰雪宝顶，树木苍翠、花香袭人，鸟声婉啭，流水潺潺。
它就是松潘县的黄龙。
P.132One of Sichuan’s fine spots is Huanglong, which lies in Song PanCounty, just beneath XueBao, the main peak of the MinShanMountain. It has lush green forests filled with fragrant flowers,bubbling streams and songbirds.24.虽然上海男人被戏谑为“妻管严”，但他并不屈从妻子。
在与妻子有争议时，他要么保持沉默，要么一笑置之。
有时候他会发火，但事后不久，他也会毫不迟疑地道歉。
最终他妻子发现，她还是按照他的想法行事。
P.141Shanghai men are jokingly called “henpecked husbands”.However, they will never yield to their wives but remain silent or smileaway the quarrels. And they will apologize without hesitation shortlyafter they lose their temper, which is a rarity. Finally, their wives findthemselves complying with what their husbands say.25.“长城号”游艇设施豪华舒适，除观景塔、露天观景塔、酒吧间、日光浴室外，佳肴美点，中西兼备，并有宽敞的游步甲板，游客饱览沿途风光，华丽舒适的客房均有空调设备，令您有宾至如归的感受。
P.185Being a deluxe cruiser to tour the Yangtze River, “The Great Wall” h as indoor and open-air observation towers, a swimming pool, abar, a solarium as well as Chinese and Western restaurants and aspacious deck. All the cabins are superb, comfortable andair-conditioned.。