高一英语必修3名词性从句---主语从句和表语从句导学案

Noun Clauses (名词性从句) 导学案
Part1.主语从句（Noun Clauses as the Subject）
一．导学
【什么是名词性从句？】
原来名词性从句是从另一个角度所命名的从句，即在句中起名词作用的从句就叫名词性从句名词性从句包括，，，。

定义-----用作的从句就叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。

Step1：感悟下列各句的主语并且划出下列句中的主语：(标出词性)
1. You are a student
2. A tree has fallen across the road.
3. Smoking is bad for you.
4. To find your way can be a problem.
5. It is impossible to finish this task in half an hour.
6. 30 years has seen the changes in our hometown.
Step2.认识主语从句，主语从句在从句中作主语。

1).What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation.
2).Whether wild life can be well protected is of great importance.
3).Who will go makes no difference.
4).Which kind of food is the best is still not certain.
5).When they will have a new restaurant opened has not been decided yet.
6) How gold was found there is not clear.
7). Why there is gravity is hard to understand.
8）It is our duty that we students clean the classroom every day.
思考与探究：<1> 作主语的可以是
<2> 从句用什么语序？
<3> 8)句子的主语怎么不在句首？
★注意:
1. That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：
It is true that the earth is round.
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。

2.表示“是否”意义时，用whether 而不用if引导主语从句，
Whether she will come or not is still a question .（但如果有形式主语it引导时，既可用whether，也可用if）。

3.有时可用形式主语it 代替主语从句：
e.g. It is still a question whether she will come or not . =It has not been decided yet when they will start .
★用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a.It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that…有必要……It is important that…重要的是……
It is obvious that…很明显……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that…人们相信……It is known to all that…众所周知……It has been decided that…已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that….....是常识It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that…事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It seems/appears that…似乎……It happens that…碰巧……
It occurred to me that …我突然想起……
Step 3：寻规找矩：请划出下列各句的主语(部分)。

1. That she was chosen made us very happy.
2. Who will go to the concert is not known.
3. Whether she will come or not is still a question.
4. Which book they will choose is still unknown.
5. When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided.
6. Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.
7. How they will solve the serious problem today has not been decided.
8 . What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
9. Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
10. It’s strange that he knows nothing about it.
11. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
12. It is said that President Hu Jingtao will visit our school next week.
[小结归纳]主语从句的引导词有：
_________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ★what与that在引导名词性从句时的区别:
what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语. 而that则不然,它在句子
中只起连接作用,没有意义.
(1) ______ you said yesterday is right.
(2) ______ the earth goes around the sun is well-known to everybody.
Step3: 用适当的词填空，使句子意思完整。

who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever, when, where, how, why, , that, if, whether,
1. __________ he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday wasn’t quite clear.
2. The Foreign Minister said, “It is our hope _______ the two sides will work towards peace.”
3. _________ team will win the match is still unknown.
4. _________ comes to the party will receive a present.
5. __________ Mary has left is still a question.
6. It’s reported _________ three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly.
7. _________ he solved the problem successfully interested all of us.
8. We usually think _________ we can’t get seems better than what we have.
9. It is a fact ________ English is being accepted as an international language.
10. __________ is to be sent there to solve the problem hasn’t been decided.
Step4: Translation 用主语从句翻译下列句子所缺部分
1. 这位老人的儿子想知道的是金子藏在哪里了。

is where the gold is hidden. 2. 他是否能顺利的完成这项任务还是不确定的。

is uncertain.
3. 每个人都有一本字典是很有必要的。

everybody has a dictionary. 4. 谁杀死了这位科学家仍然是一个迷。

is still( remains) a puzzle. 5. 他们是怎么去美国的，这正是我所想知道的事情。

is just what I wanted to know. 6. 车祸为何会发生是我们所关心的事情。

is what we are concerned about. 7. 我们成功举办了2008年奥运会是一个伟大的荣幸(honor)。

that we held the 2008 Olympics successfully.
8. 据报道刘德华将在四月底结婚。

Andy Liu is getting married in late（at the end of）April.
9. 重要的是，大家都知道自己该做些什么。

everybody knows what he should do.
Part2. 表语从句（Noun Clauses as the Predicative）
定义-----用作___ 的从句就叫表语从句，它是名词性从句之一。

Step1：感悟下列各句的主语并且划出下列句中的表语：标出其词性
1. My mother is beautiful.
2. the man who is standing there is my father.
3.My job is teaching English.
4.The important thing in life is to have a great aim.
5.My books are in my schoolbag.
Step2认识表语从句，表语从句在复合句中做表语
1）Her wish is that she could lose weight soon.
2) The question is whether it is worth doing.
3) It looked as if it was going to snow.
4) The problem was who could do the work.
5) That is what he is worried about.
6) His trouble is where he can find a new job.
7) That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet.
思考与归纳：<1> 作表语的还可以是
<2> 从句的语序必修是语序
<3> 从句前面是动词；3）句中从句前是动词
Step 3：寻规找矩：请划出下列各句的表语(部分)。

1. What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
2. The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

3.That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。

4.This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。

5.That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

6.It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。

7.The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.
8.The problem is who can host this meeting.
9.The problem is how we can get the things we need.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。

10.The problem is whether we can get the things we need
11.He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业
[小结归纳]表语从句的引导词有：
_________________________________________________________________________________________
对比这两种从句的引导词发现什么
引导词分为三类即连接代词、连接副词和连接词，
连接代词有
连接副词有
从属连词有
Step4: 选择适当的词填空引导从句，使句子意思完整。

who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever, when, where, how, why, because, that, if, whether, as if/though
1) The question is we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) The question is we can go back to our homeland
3) But the fact remains we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is he missed the early bus.
5).Our plan is we’11 90 there once a week．
6).This is I want．
7).Their difficulty is they can raise enough money．
8).That is he caught a cold yesterday．
9).This is she did it．
10).What he wants to know is we can finish our work by tomorrow morning．
11).It looks it is going to snow．
Step4: Translation 用表语从句翻译下列句子所缺部分
The trouble is (that) . 麻烦是他已丢了他的钱。

The question is .问题是我们是否需要更多的冰激凌。

The question is . 问题是我们中的那一个应该去。

The problem was .问题是谁能这项工作。

That's .那就是他所正在担忧的。

Go and get your coat. It's . 去取你的上衣，它在你落下的地方。

I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s .那就是我湿透的原因。

That is .那就是老鼠每年是怎样毁坏许多粮食的
(ruin )。

It looked . 看起来天要下雨。

That's .那是因为我们从来没想到它。

It seems . 他似乎不知道答案。

主语从句：Step1:
that, who, whether, which, when, why, how, what, whoever
Step 2
1. Why
2. that
3. Which
4. Whoever
5. Whether, why, how, when
6. that
7. How, when whether,
8. what
9. that 10. Who
Step 3
1. What the old man’s son wants to know is where the gold is hidden.
2. Whether he can finish the task successfully is uncertain.
3. It is necessary that everybody has a dictionary.
4. Who killed the scientist is still( remains) a puzzle.
5. How they went to America is just what I wanted to know.
6.Why the accident happened is what we are concerned about.
7. It is a great honor that we held the 2008 Olympics successfully. (That we held the 2008 Olympics successfully is a great honor)
8. Whatever you said may do harm to（hurt）others.
9. It is reported that Andy Liu is getting married in late（at the end of）April.
10. It is important that everybody knows what he should do.
11. It is probable that he has forgotten our appointment today.
12. Whichever road you choose now will decide what kind of person you will be in the future(who you will be in the future。

表语从句填词答案
Step3:用适当的词填空，使句子意思完整。

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
Our plan is that we’11 90 there once a w eek．
This is what I want．
Their difficulty is where they can raise enough money．
That is why he caught a cold yesterday．
This is how she did it．
What he wants to know is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow morning．It looks as if it is going to snow．
表语从句补全句子
I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet through.那就是我湿透的原因。

That is how mice ruin much grain every year.那就是老鼠每年是怎样毁坏许多粮食的。

It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨。

That's because we never thought of it.那是因为我们从来没想到它。

It seems as if he didn’t know the answer. 他似乎不知道答案。

Module 3 Unit5同位语从句（Noun Clauses as the Appositive）
一、概念
所谓同位语，是指跟在某些名词的后面，对前者做进一步的解释、说明、补充和概括，但不对前者起修饰作用的一种句子成分。

Step 1: 找出下列句子中的同位语：
1. The youngest boy, Peter, refused to accept the money．
2. He has read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.
3. That’s her hab it, reading in bed．
4. Your suggestion, to strike while the iron is hot, seemed a good idea．
5. Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
6. I’m looking for a job driving cars．
7. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends．
8. He is interested in sports, especially ball games.
Step 2:划出下列句子中的同位语从句：
1.The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed．
2. We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting．
3. The question whether to confess or not troubled the girl．
4. The news that our team has won the game was true.
5. I have no idea where I should go.
6. I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.
7. The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good.
[小结归纳]主语从句的引导词有：
Step 3.巩固练习：
1. The fact ___ _ she works hard is well known to us all．
2. I will find him he may be.
3. He often asked me the question _ ___ the work was worth doing．
4. wants to see this film can go with us tonight.
5. I have no idea ___ _ he will start．
6. I've come from the government with a message __ __ the meeting won't be held tomorrow．
7. You can take seat you want.
8. l have no idea he will be back．
9. He must answer the question he agrees to it or not.
10. Xiao Wang has solved the problem the TV was out of order .
11. You can eat you like.
12. I’ll find him, he is,.
13. None of us knows these new parts can be bought.
14. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that you had a few days off ?
Step 4:用主语从句翻译下列句子:
１我通过了考试这一消息是真的。

２．我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。

３．将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。

４．他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。

５．不论谁赢了都会获得金牌。

6．她所做的事情都是对的。

７．他没回答他为什么迟到这个问题。

8．这里有一个问题：我们该到哪里去？
9．他考试没及格这个事实使他的父母很生气。

10．我不知道他什么时候被害的。

11．他们没有回答他们在哪里出生这个问题。

12．我们不知道他是否活着。

答案解析
Step 1
1．用名词或代词作同位语。

2．用形容词作同位语。

5．用-ing形式作同位语。

6．用不定式作同位语。

*1由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的<同位语>。

our new teacher是<主语>Mr. Smith的<同位语>,指同一人。

a friend of my brother's是<宾语>Tom的<同位语>,指同一人。

*2如<同位语>与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如<同位语>对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。

himself和John都是单一的字作<同位语>,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。

*3<同位语>除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。

如<同位语>与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如<同位语>对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。

*4<同位语>除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。

（11，12）
Step2:同位语的句子1，That 2, whether.3,whether,4, that, 5, where, 6, how, 7, that 定语的句子
句的that she should stay in the room这个从句说明了建议的内容，同时，that只起连词作用，在从句中既不是主语，也不是宾语，但不能省略，所以它是同位语从句。

寻规找矩：
我们可用连词that, whether以及连接代词who, which, what和连接副词how, when, where, why等来引导从句作同位语，称为同位语从句。

在同位语从句中that 虽不作句子成分，且无意义，但不可省略。

同位语从句常对一些抽象名词做进一步的解释和说明。

这些名词常见的有：idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order 等。

step 3.巩固练习
1：that 2．wherever 3．whether 4.Whoever5 when 6 that 7．whichever 8 that 9. When 10. whether 11. whatever 12. Wherever 13. where 14. why
Step4 translation
1.The news that I have passed the exam is true．
2. We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time．
3. The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once．
4. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school．
5. Whoever wins will get a golden medal.
6. Whatever she did was right.
7. He didn't give the answer the question why he was late.
8. There is a question where we should go.
9. The fact that he failed in the exam made his parents very angry.
10. I have no idea when he was killed.
11. They didn't answer the question where they were born.
12. We have no information whether he is alive.
补充：一、定语从句相当于一个形容词, 它对先行词起修饰、描述和限制的作用。

同位语从句相当于名词，属于名词性从句，它是对前面名词内容的具体表述，它们之间的关系是同位关系。

二、同位语从句常跟在news, fact, promise, idea, word, message, hope, truth, answer, proposal, suggestion, order, information 等少数名词之后，而一般名词之后都可跟定语从句。

三、that 在定语从句中充当某一成分, 是关系代词; that 在同位语从句中不作任何成分，仅把主句与从句连接在一起，是从属连词。

四、when, where, why, how, who, whom, which 如果引导定语从句, 它们分别指前面先行词所表示的时间、地点、原因、方式、人和物，否则引导的就是同位语从句。

五、whether, what 可引导同位语从句，但通常不可引导定语从句。