中译英长句分译法与综合法

• What emerged from this realization was a new method of planning and development in which designers learned that they first had to indentify the purpose and performance expectation before they could develop all the parts that made up the system as a whole. • 在这一认识的基础上产生了一种计划于开 发的新方法，该方法使设计人员明白必须 确定该系统的目的和预期功效，然后才可 以组成整个系统的各个部门。
exercise
• Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive. • 能量是生态系统的货币，只有当食物变为 能量，能量再用来获取更多的食物以供生 长，繁殖和生存，生命才成为可能。
Division分译
• Modifiers in a long English sentence often consist of attributives, adverbials, attributive and adverbial clauses ect. If a modifier is too long to deal with, we can divide it into several parts, then translate them into Chinese clause.
• 2.television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining. • 人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握 科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以 看到层出不穷，既有教育意义又有娱乐性 的新节目。
• 原句有三个分句，但译文可并为两句来表 明前后句是因果关系，第一句用顺译法第 三局用逆译法把原因说在前面。因此，本 句可采用综合法翻译。
• It should be realized that when we assign a magnitude and direction to the velocity of a body, we are really expressing its velocity relative to something which is, for this particular purpose, imagined to be stationary. • 应当认识到，当我们确定某一物体的速度 大小和方向时，实际上我们表示的是相对 于某一参考物的速度，对于这一特定场合 来说，可以设想该参考物是静止不动的。
Comprehensive use of different techniques 综合译法
• 如果有些长句用上述方法翻译都不妥当， 那么可按时间先后，或按逻辑顺序，有顺 有逆，主次分明地对全文进行综合处理。 对长句意义层次进行分析。弄清句中究竟 讲了多少件事，将长句分解为语义相对完 整的单句，分析各个单句之间的语义逻辑 关系，然后用合乎汉语表达习惯的排列方 式对各个单句进行重新组合。
• 上例详解：本句的主语是“What emerged from this realization ”，是一个主语从句； 表语部分当中，“in which designers…as a whole” 为限制性定语从句。在这个限制 性定语从句中还含有一个宾语从句“that they first… as a whole”, 由连词”that”引导， 作动词“learned”的宾语。而在这个宾语从 句中又有一个时间状语从句，由连 词”before”引导，其中从句的“that made up the system as a whole”意思是“组成整 个系统的”。
• 这句可分为几层意思：1.It should be realized. 2. that we are really expressing it百度文库 velocity relative to something. 3. when we assign a magnitude and direction to the velocity of a body. 4. which is, for this particular purpose, imagined to be stationary. 这是主从复合句。第一句为主句， 第二句为主语从句，第三句为时间状语从 句，说明第二句谓语行为发生的时间，第 四句为定语从句，修饰第二句的something。
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汉语的顺序是： 1. 先发生先说，后发生后说 2. 先说试试，后说评价 3. 先说因后说果 4. 先说条件后说推断 5. 先说手段后说目的 6. 先说反面后说正面
• As regards health, I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness. I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep when I cannot keep awake. I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome. • 谈到健康问题，我就没有什么可说的了， 因为我没怎么生过病。我想吃什么就吃什 么，眼睛睁不开了就睡觉，从来不为身体 有益而搞什么活动，然而实际上我喜欢做 的事大都是有助于增进身体健康的。
exercises
• 1.The idea of a fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light small bulbs, even to run an electric motor, is almost unbelievable. • 鱼能发电，其能量足以点亮小电灯，甚至 能开动马达，这简直令人难以置信。
• There are swift flowing rivers, slow, sluggish rivers, mighty rivers with several mouths, rivers that carry vast loads of alluvium(冲积土) to the sea, clear, limpid rivers, rivers that at some reasons of the year have very much more water than at others. • 有的河水流湍急，有的河流速缓慢，有的 河出海口有好几处，有的河带着大量冲积 土入海，有的河清澈见底，有的河水量在 一年中的某些季节较少，而在某些季节却 多得很。