广东中考英语专项--动词不定式语法讲解及练习(含答案)

广州中考英语专项-动词不定式
不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。

1) 不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。

【例如】To complete a building like that in one year was quite a
difficult task.
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。

【例如】It is important for modern young people to master at least
two foreign languages.
It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
a)It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient,
unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of sb.)＋不定式
【例如】It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas
Eve.
It is hard to put my hopes into words.
It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.
b)It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one's duty, an
honor, a shame,
a crime, no easy job...)＋不定式
It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.
It is a pity to have to go without her.
It is a glorious death to die for the people.
c)It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time,
patience...)＋不定式
It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
It took them half the night to get home in the snow.
2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、
计划的词，
如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。

【例如】
The most important thing for one's health is to have plenty of
exercise.
What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.
3)不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：afford, agree, apply,
arrange, ask, attempt, beg, begin, care, choose, claim, consent,
demand,
decide,desire,determine,expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,lea rn,like,manage,mean, neglect, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, seek, tend, threaten, want等。

【例如】
I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.
My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels tired.
I decide to work hard and get doctor's degree.
不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中；主语＋动词＋it＋形容词＋不定式。

【例如】
We found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
I think it important to learn English well in college.
使用这种句型的常见动词有：believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。

4)“wh＋不定式”结构不定式前加一个疑问代词(what, which, who, whom,
whose)或疑问副词(where, when, how, why)，以及连词whether 构成特殊的不定式短语，具有名词性质，常在某些动词后面作宾语。

常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider,
discover,explain,findout,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,
learn, observe, perceive, remember, think, understand, wonder等。

【例如】
I couldn't decide which book to choose.
I can tell you where to get this book.
They found it hard to decide whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt Sally in New Year.
“wh +不定式”结构除了作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语或者表语。

【例如】 When to start the program remains undecided.
The question is how to put the plans into action.
5)不定式作状语
a)不定式作状语表示目的。

或用于so as和in order之后，来强调这种目
的。

【例如】
To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking efforts.
Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling.
We must develop science and technology athigh speed so as to raise scientific and cultural level of our country.
b)不定式表示结果，特别是在so...as to, such...as to, only to...以
及too...to等结构中的不定式表示结果。

I rushed to the station as fast as I could, only to find the train
already gone.
She left her hometown, never to return.
You are too young to have the right for voting.
C)不定式常用来修饰形容词做补语，构成下列词组：be able to, be afraid
to, be bound to, be certain to, be easy to, be eager to, be fit
to, be likely to, be ready to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling
to, be willing to等。

【例如】
Chinese team is bound to win the World Cup.
It is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.
I am willing to help you with your homework, for we are friends.
6)不定式作宾语补语不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语：ask, advise, allow,
beg, cause, command, enable, encourage, expect, feel, force, find, hear, have, inform, invite, let, make, mean, notice, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, request, teach, tell, urge, watch, warn, watch等。

【例如】
Most offices require secretaries to have specified training.
He asked you to call him at ten o'clock.
The note reminds me to be careful whatever I do.
当不定式在let, make, have, hear, look at, listen to, feel, observe, watch, notice,等动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式不带to.
【例如】 Whenever something is wrong with you, please let me know.
I will have the students write a passage about Internet.
I saw my mother shed tears（流泪）.
He heard the stone hit the water.
7)不定式作定语
a)不定式作定语通常要放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。

不定式常作下列的名
词定语：attempt, ability, anything, chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, failure, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, tendency, time, way等。

【例如】His efforts to carry out the plan were successful.
I have no intention to go to the cinema with you.
There is no need to bother him with such trifles(琐事).
特别注意的是在不定式与其修饰的名词有动宾关系时，要根据句子的需要在不定式后加适当的介词，这个介词的选用取决于被修饰的名词或不定式本身
【例如】She is a very nice person to work with.
This is an important issue to talk about.
Guangzhou is a nice city to live in.
b)由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。

【例如】
Mr. Zhang is always the first man to arrive at the office and the last
man to leave.
I don't think he is the best one to do the work.
8)不带to的不定式在下列词组后面的不定式不带to：would rather ...than(宁
愿……也不), had better...(最好)， had rather...(宁愿), why not
【例如】
You'd better return the books to the library on time. Otherwise, you will
be fined.
Why not stop pollute the sea from now on?
动词不定式专项练习
1. This company was the first ____ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders
in the world.
A. producing
B. to produce
C. having produced
D. produced
2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____it more difficult.
A .not makingB. not make C .not to make D. nor to make
3. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music .
A .making herself hearB. to make herself hear
C. making herself heardD .to make herself heard
5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left.
A .to tell
B .to be told
C .telling
D .told
6. You were silly not _______your car.
A. to lock
B. to have locked
C. locking
D. having locked
7. The teacher asked us ______so much noise.
A .don’t make B. not make C. not making D .not to make
8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _____clear warnings
before firing any shots.
A .to issue B. being issuedC. to have issued D. to be issued
9. I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_______ a room with someone else.>>
A. to share
B. to have shared
C. share
D. sharing
11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed ________in a fire.
A. being destroyed
B. having been destroyed
C. to be destroyed
D. to have been destroyed
12. The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success.
A. to take place
B. to be taken place
C. to have taken place
D. being taken place
13. As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time.
A. and finished
B. to finish
C. and finishing
D. to finished
14. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.
A. to have not
B. to not have
C. not to have
D. not having
15. Will you lend him a magazine _________?
A. to be read
B. for reading
C. to read
D. he read
16. He could do nothing but _______for the bus _________.
A. wait, to come
B. wait; come
C. waiting; coming
D. waited; came
18. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he
means _______ trouble.
A. making
B. to make
C. to have made
D. having made
19. I remember _______him _______the bike needed __________.
A. hearing, saying, to repair
B. to hear, say, to repair
C. hearing, say, repairing
D. to hear, saying, to be repaired
20. --- You should have thanked her before you left.
--- I meant _________, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
A. to do
B. To
C. doing
D. doing so
23. when are they __________ in their plan?
A. hand
B. handed
C. to hand
D. give
24. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they
_____________.
A. have survived
B. are to survive
C. would survived
D. will
survive
25. When we hurried to the station, there happened ________ no bus at that time.
A. to have
B. to be
C. having
D. being
26. I lost my way in complete darkness and, _________ matters worse, it began
to rain.
A. made
B. having made
C. making
D. to make
28. --Are you a student?
--No, but I used _________.
A. to be
B. to was
C. to do
D. to be a
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