4翻译方法(精选)
考研英语翻译第四章 翻译方法与技巧(句法)

第四章翻译方法与技巧(句法)第一节分句法与合句法翻译英语句子时,有时我们可将原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只稍加改变;但是不少情况则必须将原来的句子的结构作较大的改变。
分句法是指将原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子;合句法则是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。
一.分句法1、将原文中的一个单词译成句子1)They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。
(将一个副词译为一个句子)2)That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.那地区是个麻烦的地方,这是大家最容易看得出的。
(将一个形容词译为一句子)2、将原文中一个短语译成句子1)Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness, and choking the shadows.阳光射入了它能透过的几乎所有地方,赶走了黑暗,驱散了阴影。
(将一个分词短语译为句子)能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭。
这是一条普遍公认的规律。
(将一个名词语译为一个句子)3、将一个句子拆开译成两个或两个以上句子His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.因为他没有遵守安全规则,机器出了故障。
(将一个句子译为一个主句和一个从句)二、合句法1、将原文中两个或两个以上的简单句译成一个单句His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north and near the sea.他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨做小生意。
(将两个单句译为一个单句)2、将原文中的主从复合句译成一个单句When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.我在谈判时总是有些紧张。
第四章汉译英常用方法和技巧(8-11)

第四章汉译英常用方法和技巧(教学安排:8课时)与词有关的翻译方法包括:✓直译和意译✓词义的选择✓词的增补与省略✓词类转义法✓重复法✓正说反译法和反说正译法✓分句法和合句法第一节直译和意译首先应当指出,直译不是死译,而是指基本保留原有句子结构,照字面意思翻译。
意译也不是胡译、乱译,而是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下,为了表达的需要,对原文作相应的调整。
例1原文:我们的朋友遍天下。
直译:Our friends are all over the world.意译:We have friends all over the world.直译以严格意义上的忠实为宗旨,意译则更多考虑英语的特点,更强调译文的效果,不求形式对应,只求语言在深层次中的对应。
总之,选择直译还是意译,应该根据文章具体需要而定,两种译法可以并用。
✧能直译则直译例2原文:爱是耐心和善良;爱不是妒忌和吹嘘;爱不是傲慢和粗鲁。
译文:love is patience and kindness; love is not jealous and boast; love is not arrogance and rudeness.例3原文:进入21世纪,麦当劳团体的对手们又集合到一面共同的旗帜之下——反对全球化。
译文:On stepping into the 21st century, the McDonalds’ groups have again assembled under the same flag——anti-globalization.Upon entering opponents banner rafilled例4原文:电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特,前者是电流单位,后者是电压单位。
译文:the unit of current the one of voltage例5原文:俗话说:“千里搭凉棚,没有不散的筵席”。
再过两三年,咱们都要离开这里的。
韩愈《杂说(四)》原文和翻译

韩愈《杂说四》原文和翻译在日复一日的学习中,我们最不陌生的就是文言文了吧?文言文能让不同语言使用者“笔谈”,是一种具有固定格式,却不会非常困难的沟通方法。
广为流传的经典文言文都有哪些呢?以下是小编收集整理的韩愈《杂说(四)》原文和翻译,希望对大家有所帮助。
【原文】世有伯乐[1],然后有千里马。
千里马常有,而伯乐不常有,故虽有名马,只辱於奴隶人之手,骈死於槽枥之间[2],不以千里称也。
马之千里者,一食或尽粟一石[3]。
食马者[4],不知其能千里而食也;是马也,虽有千里之能,食不饱,力不足,才美不外见[5],且欲与常马等不可得,安求其能千里也?策之不以其道[6],食之不能尽其才,鸣之而不能通其意,执策而临之曰:“天下无马!”呜呼!其真无马邪?其真不知马也[7]!——选自东雅堂刊本《昌黎先生集》世上有了伯乐,然后才会有千里马被发现。
可是千里马虽然世代常有,而伯乐却不常有,因此虽然有不少好马,却只能在马夫手中受糟塌,最后接连不断地死在马厩之中,而不能以千里马著名。
那些千里马,一顿往往要吃尽一石小米。
可是喂马的人,不知道它能日行千里,只是象对凡马一般地饲养它。
于是,那些好马,虽然有日行千里的本领,可是吃不饱,力气不足,它们的骨力特长因此不能表现出来,这样,即使想与凡马一般也不可能,哪里还能叫它日行千里呢?(现在那些养马的人,自己不知道手中有千里马),因此驾驭时不能顺其本性;喂养时又不能给料充足,使它充分发挥才能;马虽然哀鸣,人却一点不懂得它的意思。
还拿着马鞭,煞有介事地对它说:“天下没有千里马!”唉!这难道是真的没有千里马呢,还是确实不识千里马呢!【注释】[1]伯乐:春秋秦穆公时人,姓孙名阳,字伯乐。
以善于相马著称(事见《战国策·楚策》、《庄子·马蹄篇》等),因此历来又作为善于识拔人才的代表。
[2]骈死:相比连而死。
糟枥:盛马饲料的器具叫槽,马厩叫枥,槽枥为并列复词,即指马厩。
[3]一食:数量词,犹言一顿。
英译汉常用的方法和技巧(4-7)

第三章英译汉常用方法和技巧(教学安排:6课时)无论翻译的标准如何,翻译的目的都是要求译者最大程度地传递原文信息/再现原文风格,以求最大程度地“忠实”于原文。
翻译标准只是给译者提供了翻译的大方向,在具体的翻译运作过程中,还会遇到种种问题,所以在翻译实践中,还要灵活运用相应的翻译方法和技巧,从原文和译文的整体出发,全面分析,透过现象,抓住本质。
经过不断的翻译实践,翻译技巧一定会运用得越来越娴熟,翻译水平也会越来越高。
合理有效地运用翻译技巧可以使译文生辉,有效地提高翻译质量。
常用的翻译方法和技巧:直译和意译词义的选择省略法和增补法词类转译法重复法正反、反正表达法分译法和合译法直译和意译英汉两种语言的结构有相同的一面,也有不同的一面,因此翻译时有时使用直译,有时用意译,有时直译并举。
无论使用哪种方法,其原则是在忠实原文内容和风格的前提下,摆脱原文结构的束缚,使译文符合汉语的规范直译(metaphrase/literal translation)在不影响译入语的自然流畅并保持原文信息的前提下,在译文中既保持原文的内容信息,又保持原文的形式结构,尤其要保持原文的修辞、文体和文化特质。
to kill two birds with one stoneto shed crocodile tears如果不破坏原文结构,译文也能通顺自然且忠实原意,这是最理想的直译,但逐字对等且保持原文结构和语义的情况微乎其微。
直译法的使用不仅极大丰富了汉语的词汇,而且及大地拓展了汉语的表达方式和表达范围。
汉语中的外来语大都采用直译法或音译法。
例如:lady-killer talk show mad cow diseasebird flu chain reaction cat walkhumor second-hand car tittuphippy yuppie shock例1原文:There are two types of electric current: alternating current in which the current flows first one way then the other in a forward and backward motion, and direct current which flows the same way all the time.译文:例2原文:Losing one’s independence for Americans is a shameful thing.例3原文:Italian gourmets are protesting against the invasion of foreign foods on the dinner table.译文:例4原文:In short, when employees leave their performance reviews, they should be focusing on what they can do better in the year ahead, not worrying about what went into their files about the past.译文:例5原文:But when I look at the Third World and think “What can I do to solve this?”, my reaction isn’t to say “Let’s bring population down immediately”.译文:例6原句:Hitler was armed to the teeth when he launched the Second World War, but in a few years, he was completely defeated.译文:例7原文:People are always talking about “the problem of yo uth.” I f there is one, then it is older people who create it, not the young people themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings—people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him, and maybe that is where the rub is.译文:直译不等于死译、硬译,直译也需要灵活变通,不能只求形式对等而破坏原文内容。
汉语四字格的英文翻译方法

闻名遐迩 famous 独具匠心 original 中流砥柱 mainstay, chief cornerstone 鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey 世外桃源 a haven of peace
叠词的翻译
叠词的形态格式
叠词是汉语的一种特殊词汇现象,使用非 常普遍。汉语的名词、数词、量词、形容 词、副词、动词以及象声词都有重叠变化, 其主要形态格式有一下十类: 1.AA:天天、看看、洋洋、哄哄 2.AAB:毛毛雨、洗洗手、刷刷牙、写写字 3.ABB:眼巴巴、水汪汪、凉丝丝、亮堂堂 4.AABB:高高兴兴、认认真真、三三两两、 滴滴答答
汉语词汇重叠后,一般无词性变化。但是 词义大都会发生变化。叠词词义变化可归 纳为三种情况。 1.增义:增加语义 2.强义:加强语意 3.弱义:减缓语意
叠词的翻译
虽然英语有重叠元音或辅音而形成的词汇, 有类似于重叠的单词连续反复,以及象声 词重叠的现象。但是,与汉语的重叠变化 来说相去甚远,它们远不足以翻译汉语的 叠词。因此,大多数情况下,只能舍弃其 形式而译其意义,用比较切近、自然的译 文表达出原文的语意和体现重叠后词的词 义变化。尽管如此,我们还是可以从中找 出一基本的翻译方法。
(一)并列关系
方法:将前后两个词语分别译成相应的英 语译文,然后中间用并列连词”and”连接即 可。
名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites 青山绿水 green hills and clear waters 平等互利 equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短 play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government 集思广益 draw on collective wisom and absorb all useful ideas
09英汉翻译 -4专题汉英翻译步骤精简版-1分句合句分清主次

重庆市璧山县民营经济在发展过程中取得优异成绩
从这里出门散步去上山或是下山在一个晴好的五月的夜晚正象是去赴一个美的宴会比如去一个果子园那边每株数上都是满挂着诗情最透逸的果实假如你单是站着看还是不满意时只要你伸手就可以采取可以恣尝鲜味足够你心灵的迷醉
My mother coulle, and I couldn’t
小时候,我和妈妈互不相容,如果可以选择,我们谁也不
会愿意与对方成为一家人。
在我心目中,妈妈应该是中年摸样,褐色的头发盘起来,
挽成一个发髻,围着围裙,常在厨房打转,表情严肃,但 说话温柔,会唱圣歌,婚前应该是个中学老师或者图书管 理员。
但实际上,我的妈妈为了帮补家庭,很早就辍学工作了。
生我的时候,她才19岁,一个高个儿的假小子,一头蓬松 的金发,宽肩膀,窄臀部,腿修长,像个运动员,她也的 确是名运动员。在最艰难的日子里,妈妈也总能找到点乐 子,经常像放鞭炮一样突然大笑起来。一位腿脚不方便的 邻居跟我说,“我喜欢听到你妈妈大笑。”这邻居离我家 有两栋房子远。其他孩子的母亲唤孩子回家时,扯着嗓门 儿,声音尖而细,颤颤巍巍,我的妈妈则将两个手指放在 唇间,吹出来的口哨隔条街都能听到。(余译)
英汉大词典
中文辞书中当之无愧的权威和佼佼者,美誉无数,由复旦
大学陆谷孙教授主编,初版于1993年,最近新出了第二版 , 是我国首部独立研编的综合性英汉词典,兼具百科全书 的性质。这部“中国制造”的词典1991年出版后即成为联 合国编译人员使用的主要英汉工具书,被誉为“世界范围 内最好的双语词典之一”。“共收录词条二十二万,示范 典型,举一反三,译文通达,承载大量语法、语用信息, 兼顾学习型词典特征和百科信息”。
英语的佳作( 主要指文学作品) 浩如烟海, 它们在中国的佳译也不少。推荐几本:
科技文献的阅读及翻译方法4

2. Fundamentals in ChE
2.1 Chemistry (inorganic, organic)
Preliminary knowledge
Inorganic chemistry is a branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds. Organic chemistry is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, and reactions of organic compounds Chemical reactions are known as chemical changes - changes in the structure of molecules-molecules attaching to each other to form larger molecules, molecules breaking apart to form two or more smaller molecules, or rearrangements of atoms within molecules. Chemical reactions usually involve the making or breaking of chemical bonds. Molecules: can be either polyatomic or monoatomic. Polyatomic molecules are electrically neutral clusters of two or more atoms joined by shared pairs of electrons (covalent bonds). A substance that is made up of molecules is called a molecular substance. Many familiar substances are made of molecules (e.g. table sugar, water, most gases) while many other equally familiar substances are not molecular in their structure (e.g. metals).
英汉翻译常用的方法和技巧练习

英汉翻译常用的方法和技巧练习(一)一,对斜体部分,根据汉语表达习惯作些增添1. unemployement is widespread in some countries有些国家失业现象普遍2 。
the employers there used violence.那里的雇主使用了暴力手段3. mary spoke with restraint in her face.玛丽说话时脸上露出了拘谨的神色4. after aunt lena had heard about the family trouble , she agreed to look for a job. 丽娜阿姨听到了家庭的困难情况后,同意去找工作。
二、对斜体部分,根据汉语表达习惯作些省略1. there is some thruth in what he says .他的话有些道理2. don't let your imagination run away with you 不要乱想3. i can't even remember clearly what he looked like .我连他的模样也记不清楚了4. he also asked what had happened to me since we separated.他还问我别后的情况。
三、对斜体部分,根据汉语表达习惯改变词类1. our hearty desire is the establishment of a lasting peace in the world我们的衷心愿望时建立世界持久和平2.the sentry stood guard with a submachine gun in his hand.哨兵持冲锋枪站岗3. the workers turned hopefully to that organization工人对那个信组织抱着很大希望4. the war was immediately caused by incursions across the borders那次战争的直接原因时侵入国境四、对斜体部分,要求从反面表达,但不改变原义1. he tried to catch one of the rafts with a boat-hook,but missed.他想用一根船钩去钩一个木筏,但没有钩着2. they had better keep their promise because everything hinges on that right now. 他们最好不要失信,因为目前一切都要以此为转移3. these are days when nerves are worn thin.这些日子精神上有些受不了4. all night long the beating and questioning goes on , the search goes on.拷打、审讯彻夜不停,搜捕彻夜不停五、对斜体部分,根据汉语表达习惯改变语态1. i have been sent here by the norwegian shipping company t o talk with you about transportation.我是挪威轮船公司派来和贵方商谈运输问题的2. everything he advertised was guaranteed to last "forever"他保证他广告中所登的东西都能“永久”使用3. my fist thirty years were spent in western america.我的前三十年时在美国西部度过的4. an individual is judged by how he serves the collective, but the collective is expected to cherish the lives and talents of its individuals.判断一个人要看他对集体服务得怎样,但是集体也要忠实个人得生活和才能一、翻译句子,注意right 在句中的词类来确定它的词义1. it is not right for children to sit up late 孩子们睡得晚不好adj2. the plane was right above out heads 飞机正好在我们头上面adv3. in the negative, right and left, and black and white are reversed 照片底片上,左右黑白与正片恰好相反n4. she tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery 她尽力为她丈夫被控抢劫伸冤v二、翻译句子,注意根据上下文及搭配关系来确定斜体词的词义account for1. he is ill; that accounts for his absence. 他病了,这就是他缺席的原因2. In this battle he accounted for five of the enemy 他在这场战斗中消灭了五个敌人3. i want you to account for every cent you spent 我要你把花费的每分钱都交代清楚make up1. if the stove isnt't made up, it will go out 如不添煤,炉子就会熄灭2. there isn't any girl called Clementine. he's just made her up 根本没有个叫。
翻译通论 第五章 翻译的方法和技巧

例句:In youth, we clothe ourselves with rainbows, and go as brave as the zodiac. 译文:青春年华,能把彩虹做衣,敢上九天揽月。 分析:该句的译文即用上了直译,也用上了意译。前部分“clothe ourselves with rainbows直接译为“把彩虹做衣”,但后部分不如前部 分意思简单明确,“zodiac”意为天文学中所指的黄道带,故采取意译的 方法译为“九天揽月”,符合译入语语言文化习惯,便于译语读者理解。
因此,意译是指对于内容翻译,并且强调通顺,而不拘泥于形式的翻 译法。当按照原文字面意思进行翻译而行不通、译语作者也不能理解, 并且不能有效地表达原文深层含义时,就应透过原文的字面意思,打 破原文的语言形式,采用意译法来翻译。
意译(liberal translation or free translation)
Free translation may be defined as a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce the sentence patterns or figures of speech. And it is adopted only when it is really impossible for translators to do literal translation. ——刘重德, 1991:53
(完整版)新视野大学英语四翻译答案及阅读理解

Unit One中庸思想(Doctrine of the Mean)是儒家思想的核心内容。
孔子所谓的“中”不是指“折中”,而是指在认识和处理客观事物的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。
孔子主张不仅要把思想作为一种认识和处理事物的方法来看待,而且还应该通过自身修养和锻炼,把它融入自己的日常行为当中,使之成为一种美德。
中庸思想是儒家思想的核心,也是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。
The Doctrine of Mean is the core of Confucius. The so called “mean” by Confucius doesn’t mean compromise but a “moderate” and “just-right” way when understanding and handling objective things. Confucius advocated that this thought should not only be treated as a way to understand and deal with things but also be integrated into one’s daily conduct to make it a virtue through self-cultivation and training. The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core of Confucianism but also an important component of traditional Chinese culture.Unit Two中国的四大名著是指《三国演义》(Romance of the Three Kingdoms)、《水浒传》(Outlaws of the Marsh)、《西游记》(Journey to the West)和《红楼梦》(A Dream of Red Mansions)四部著名小说。
初中文言文实词释义及翻译方法

初中文言文知识点总结-常用实词及翻译方法一.常用实词实词有实在意义,能够单独充当句子成分,一般能单独回答问题。
实词包括名词、动词、形容词、数词、量词、代词六类。
掌握常见文言实词的用法及意义,是提高文言文阅读能力的关键。
1.安安逸。
例:死于安乐(《生于忧患,死于安乐》)(2)养,奉养。
例:衣食所安,弗敢专也(《曹刿论战》)(3)怎么。
例:燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉(《陈涉世家》)(4)安稳,安定。
例:风雨不动安如山(《茅屋为秋风所破歌》)2.曾(1)同"增",增加。
例:曾益其所不能(《生于忧患,死于安乐》)(2)副词,常与"不"连用,译为"连……都不……"。
例:曾不若孀妻弱子(《愚公移山》)/曾不盈寸(《核舟记》)(3)曾经。
例:相逢何必曾相识(《琵琶行》)(4)同"层",重叠。
例:荡胸生曾云(《望岳》)3.从(1)跟,随。
例:战则请从(《曹刿论战》)/隶而从者(《小石潭记》)(2)学习。
例:择其善者而从之(《论语。
述而》)(3)追寻。
例:溯洄从之(《蒹葭》)(4)依从。
例:民弗从也(《曹刿论战》)(5)自,由。
例:从口入,初极狭(《桃花源记》)(6)在。
例:吾从北方闻子为梯(《公输》)(7)堂房亲属。
例:赠从弟(《赠从弟》)(8)向。
例:从乡之先达执经叩问(《送东阳马生序》)4.得(1)能够。
例:余因得遍观群书(《送东阳马生序》)(2)领会。
例:得之心而寓之酒也(《醉翁亭记》)(3)同"德",恩惠,感激。
例:所识穷乏者得我与(《鱼我所欲也》)(4)实施。
例:得道者多助(《得道多助,失道寡助》)(5)得意。
例:怡然自得(《童趣》)(6)得到,获得。
例:优劣得所(《出师表》)5.道(1)(正确的)方法。
例:策之不以其道(《马说》)(2)主张,思想,学说。
例:益慕圣贤之道(《送东阳马生序》)(3)路。
例:道不通,度已失期(《陈涉世家》)(4)政治的理想境界。
汉语四字格的英文翻译方法

----李曼 陈佳辉
1
A
汉语四字格
汉语四字格成语是汉语语言中不可或缺的 重要组成部分,也是语言中的精华,并且 具有鲜明的固定性、习用性、历史性和民 族特征,恰如其分的汉语四字格成语翻译 对跨文化交际起着很重要的作用。
2
A
汉语四字格的分类
四字格词语是汉语词汇的一大特点,它一 般由分成前后两个部分的四个词素构成。
weaknesses 反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean
government 集思广益 draw on collective wisom and
absorb all useful ideas
6
A
(二)语义重复
方法:这类四字格前后两个词语的语意是 一样的,如果前后两个词语都翻译的话就 构成语义重复了,所以在翻译这类四字格 的时候,只需翻译一项语义就行
9
A
减员增效 downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency) 退耕还林 return cultivated land to forest or pastures 集资办学 raise money to set up new schools 结党营私 form cliques for private gain 扭亏为盈 turn a loss-making enterprise into a
16
A
七.条件关系
不进则退 no progress simply means regression
17
A
八.省略意象
瞻前顾后 overcautious (过于谨慎的)and indecisive(犹豫不决的) 源远流长 have a long history 呕心沥血 spare no efforts 画龙点睛 bring out the crucial point 花天酒地 go on the loose 汗马功劳 exploits
四级真题作文范文带翻译(精选4篇)

四级真题作文范文带翻译(精选4篇)2023年6月四级翻译真题一共包含七句话,而且段落符合汉语的行文习惯,以短句形式呈现。
所以在翻译过程中以简单句,非谓语形式即可。
该段话是对中国传统文化的一般描述,所以在翻译的过程中,选取一般现在时即可。
下面一起来看一下里面涉及的词汇,首先是“剪纸”,最常用的翻译是“paper cutting”或“Chinese paper cutting”,而且2023年12月份的翻译真题得剪纸,括号中给出的英文就是“paper cutting”,当然有的同学写的 paper cut,paper cuts,或者scissor-cut 也是可以的。
其次是“汉代”,译为“Han Dynasty”其中“汉”使用拼音形式,但应注意,汉代属于专有名词,两个单词的首字母都应大写。
“剪刀”译为“scissors”,“作品”译为“work”即可。
“喜庆场合”译为“festive occasions”,不会的话,可以下的更简单,比如“happy moment”。
以上就是文都四六级老师对2023年6月四级翻译真题的参考答案词汇解析,希望考过的同学参考一下,预估对比一下自己的翻译,希望大家都能顺利通过本次考试!四六级成绩查询那天群里会第一时间放最新消息通知As is clearly depicted in the above picture, a daughtertells his mother a piece of good news that she has been admitted to a university as her mother desires. There is no denial in saying that the cartoon leaves us such a deep impression that we can not help thinking over a question: What role should parents play in their children’s growth?From my point of view, during the process of a child’s growth, the role of parents is mainly listed as the following two aspects. On one hand, there is no doubt that parents are liable to take good care of their children. On the other hand, in children’s personal growth, parents ought to play a role as a person who helps children develop self-dependence, which carries more significant to c hildren’s future life. In other words, parents should encourage their sons or daughters to be independent rather than reliant on others.To conclude, in children’s personal growth, parents are responsible to care for their children. However, considering that they will grow up and live their own life in some day, parents should enable their children to acquire the ability to be self-independent.。
全册高中英语必修4课文逐句翻译(外研版)

1.必修四Module1 The City of the Future未来城市What will the city of the future look like?未来的城市会是什么样子呢?No one knows for sure, and making predictions is a risky business. 没有人确切的了解,预测也是一件很危险的事情。
But one thing is certain---they are going to get bigger before they get smaller.但是有一件事情是可以肯定的---他们将会先变大,然后再变小。
In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources run out. 在未来,爱护环境将会很重要,因为地球的资源将濒临枯竭。
We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminum, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources. 我们将会使用大量的可回收材料,例如,塑料、铝、钢铁、玻璃、木头和纸。
我们浪费自然资源的程度将会有所减弱。
We will also have to rely more on alternative energy, such as solar and wind power.我们也将不得不更多地依赖其他能源。
例如,太阳能和风能。
All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain. 所有的这些似乎是肯定的,但是还有许多关于城市生活的事情仍是未知的。
翻译技巧翻译方法

翻译技巧和翻译方法翻译方法:methods of translation1.直译literal translation2.意译free translation3.异化alienation4.归化domestication1. 直译(literal translation)指在翻译过程中按原文逐字逐句一对一的翻译。
人们关心的是语言层面的技术处理问题,即如何在保持原语形式的同时,不让其意义失真。
e.g.one country, two systems 一国两制The three religions and the nine schools of thought三教九流2. 意译(free translation;paraphrase)是指根据原文的大意来翻译,不作逐字逐句的翻译(区别于“直译”)。
通常在翻译句子或词组(或更大的意群)时使用较多,意译主要在原语与译语体现巨大文化差异的情况下得以应用.从跨文化语言交际和文化交流的角度来看,意译强调的是译语文化体系和原语文化体系的相对独立性。
e.g.Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it.不必过早地担心。
(不必自寻烦恼)Do you see any green in my eye?你以为我是好欺骗的吗?Don’t lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen.精选文库意译:亡羊补牢。
直译和意译的区别1. It’ s a Smoke Free Area.直译:它是个自由吸烟区。
意译:它是个无烟区。
2. Shakespeare put his hometown on the map.直译:莎士比亚把他的家乡放在了地图上。
意译:莎土比亚使他的家乡声名远扬。
3. John would not come out of his shell and talk to others at theparty.直译:晚会上,约翰不愿从壳里钻出来与其他人说话。
(完整版)大学英语4期末考试翻译

Unit 1 Topic 1: Friends一个人可能会有很多朋友,但知心朋友只有一两个。
我们把一些朋友看作是亲密的朋友,把其他的视为普通朋友。
那些对我们不忠实的人不能称为我们的朋友。
A person can have many friends but only one or two bosom friends. We regard some of our friends as our intimate friends, and others as ordinary friends. Those who are unfaithful to us can’t be called our friends.好朋友是真正的朋友,而真正的朋友是终生的朋友。
可以说朋友如同自己的左膀右臂。
首先朋友是一个你能依赖,信任和与之交谈的人。
其次朋友是一个能倾听你诉说(烦心事)的人或你能在他面前畅所欲言的人。
更重要的是朋友是一个在你身处于困境时会给你帮助的人。
正如俗话所说:患难之交见真情。
A good friend is a real friend, and a real friend is a friend for life. A friend is, as it were, a second self. First, a friend is one whom you can count on, trust and talk to. Second, a friend is someone who will listen to you when you talk about your problems or before whom you may think aloud. What is more, a friend is a person who will help you if you are in trouble. Just as the saying goes: A friend in need is a friend indeed我们应该和(心地)善良、有同情心、关心他人、诚实、体贴的人交朋友,因为他们是真诚的、可信赖的。
全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)4课后翻译大全(句子 短文)

全新版大学英语综合教程4语句翻译+短文翻译UNIT 11. 多尔蒂先生和他的家人目前正在农场忙于秋收。
Mr. Doherty and his family are engaged in autumn harvest on the farm.2. 我们不能低估敌人,他们装备了最先进的武器。
We can’t underestimate enemies, they have been equipped with the most advanced weapons.3. 菲尔已三个月没有找到工作了,正变得越来越绝望。
Phil is becoming more and more desperate, because she has been out of work for 3months.4. 作为项目经理,山姆办事果断,工作效率高,且判断准确。
As a manager of project, Sam is decisive in action ,efficient in work, and accurate in judgment.5. 既然已证实这家化工厂是污染源,村委会决定将其关闭,为此损失了一百个工作岗位。
Since it has been proved that this chemistry factory is the source of pollution, the village neighborhood committee decides to close it at the cost of one hundred jobs.攻势已经持续了三天,但是我们并没有取得多少进展。
我们在前线与敌人交战的部队遇到了强力的抵抗。
师长(DIVISION COMMANDER)命令我们营(BATTALION)绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。
然而,要绕到敌人后方,我们必须越过一片沼泽地(MARSHLAND)。
我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭之中。
英译汉常用的方法和技巧(4-7)

第三章英译汉常用方法和技巧(教学安排:6课时)无论翻译的标准如何,翻译的目的都是要求译者最大程度地传递原文信息/再现原文风格,以求最大程度地“忠实”于原文。
翻译标准只是给译者提供了翻译的大方向,在具体的翻译运作过程中,还会遇到种种问题,所以在翻译实践中,还要灵活运用相应的翻译方法和技巧,从原文和译文的整体出发,全面分析,透过现象,抓住本质。
经过不断的翻译实践,翻译技巧一定会运用得越来越娴熟,翻译水平也会越来越高。
合理有效地运用翻译技巧可以使译文生辉,有效地提高翻译质量。
常用的翻译方法和技巧:直译和意译词义的选择省略法和增补法词类转译法重复法正反、反正表达法分译法和合译法直译和意译英汉两种语言的结构有相同的一面,也有不同的一面,因此翻译时有时使用直译,有时用意译,有时直译并举。
无论使用哪种方法,其原则是在忠实原文内容和风格的前提下,摆脱原文结构的束缚,使译文符合汉语的规范直译(metaphrase/literal translation)在不影响译入语的自然流畅并保持原文信息的前提下,在译文中既保持原文的内容信息,又保持原文的形式结构,尤其要保持原文的修辞、文体和文化特质。
to kill two birds with one stoneto shed crocodile tears如果不破坏原文结构,译文也能通顺自然且忠实原意,这是最理想的直译,但逐字对等且保持原文结构和语义的情况微乎其微。
直译法的使用不仅极大丰富了汉语的词汇,而且及大地拓展了汉语的表达方式和表达范围。
汉语中的外来语大都采用直译法或音译法。
例如:lady-killer talk show mad cow diseasebird flu chain reaction cat walkhumor second-hand car tittuphippy yuppie shock例1原文:There are two types of electric current: alternating current in which the current flows first one way then the other in a forward and backward motion, and direct current which flows the same way all the time.译文:例2原文:Losing one’s independence for Americans is a shameful thing.例3原文:Italian gourmets are protesting against the invasion of foreign foods on the dinner table.译文:例4原文:In short, when employees leave their performance reviews, they should be focusing on what they can do better in the year ahead, not worrying about what went into their files about the past.译文:例5原文:But when I look at the Third World and think “What can I do to solve this?”, my reaction isn’t to say “Let’s bring population down immediately”.译文:例6原句:Hitler was armed to the teeth when he launched the Second World War, but in a few years, he was completely defeated.译文:例7原文:People are always talking about “the problem of yo uth.” I f there is one, then it is older people who create it, not the young people themselves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings—people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him, and maybe that is where the rub is.译文:直译不等于死译、硬译,直译也需要灵活变通,不能只求形式对等而破坏原文内容。