高中英语语法教案-虚拟语气

虚拟语气

英语动词有四种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、疑问语气和虚拟语气。

一．定义：虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义。虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。

二．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中

1.概念

真实条件句：表示现实或可能变为现实的条件。

非真实条件句：表示非现实的，或不可能，或不大可能变为现实的条件。

e.g. ①They don’t have a meeting if there is nothing to discuss.

②If I had time,I would study German.

e.g. ①If you had got up earlier,you could have caught the train.

②If he came tomorrow,we could ask him.

练习：

①If you ＿＿＿＿(take) my advice,you ＿＿＿＿＿＿(not fail) in the exams last term.

②If it ＿＿＿＿(rain) tomorrow,the sports meeting ＿＿＿＿＿＿(put off).

③If everyone ＿＿＿＿(know)first aid,many lives ＿＿＿＿＿＿(save).

3.重点

1）如条件句中有were,had,should,可把if省略掉，把were,had,should提前，变为倒装句式。

e.g. If we had made a great effort,we might have succeeded.→

Had we made a great effort,we might have succeeded.

▲注意：若条件句的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。

e.g. If it weren’t for the expense,I would go abroad now.→

Were it not for the expense,I would go abroad now.

2)有些句子主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这类句子称为“错综时间条件句”。

①If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.

②If he had n’t followed my advice,he wouldn’t do it much better like this.

3）含蓄条件句指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其它手段来暗示存在的虚拟条件，如but for,with,without,otherwise,but等。

①But for your help,we could n’t have finished the work.=

If it had not been for your help,……

②I might have given your more help,but I was too busy.

③Such a thing wouldn’t have happened elsewhere.

④I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the meeting.

4）省去主句的条件句常用if only引导，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。谓语形式：

谓语用过去式（与现在事实相反）

谓语用had done（与过去事实相反）

谓语用could/would/might+do（与将来事实相反）

e.g. ①If only he were here.

②If only the rain would stop.

三．虚拟语气其它用法

1.用于宾语从句中

1）wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。谓语形式：过去式（宾语从句动作与wish同时）

had+done(宾语从句动作先于wish)

could/would/might+do（宾语从句动作后于wish）

e.g. ①I wish (that) I were a flying bird.

②I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.

③I wish he would try again.

2)用于表示建议、命令等词后的宾语从句中，如demand,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise等。宾语从句的虚拟语气结构为：(should)+do

e.g. He ordered that the boy (should) go with him.

▲注意：当suggest作“暗示；表明”讲，insist作“坚持说；坚持认为”讲，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。

e.g. ①The look on his face suggested that he was angry.

②Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.

3)would rather后的宾语从句用过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。

e.g. ①I’d rather you went home now.

②I’d rather you hadn’t made that mistake.

2.用于主语从句中

It is suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/desired+that从句

It is a pity/a shame/no wonder+that从句

主语从句的虚拟语气结构为：（should）+do（表达说话者“惊讶、遗憾、应该”等语气）

e.g. It was a pity that our team should lose the game.

▲注意：以上句式也可用陈述语气。