微生物学(绪论)

The observation of microbe need to via the light microscope or EM个体形 态需要借助光学显微镜或电子显微镜观察。
微生物(microorganism)：是存在于自
然界的一大群体形微小、结构简单、肉眼 直接看不见，必须借助光学显微镜或电子 显微镜放大数百倍、数千倍，甚至数万倍 才能观察到的微小生物。
The environment Medicine Food Biotechnology research
The environment (1)
1.Microbes are responsible for the cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus (geochemical cycles), all essential components of living organisms .
2.They are found in association with plants in symbiotic relationships.
The environment (2)
3.Maintain soil fertility and may also be used to clean up the environment of toxic compounds (bio-remediation).
exceptions
However, there are a few exceptions,
1.the fruiting bodies of many fungi such as mushrooms are frequently visible to the naked eye;
2. equally, some algae can grow to meters in length.
Food
• Microbes have been used for thousands of years, in many processes, to produce food, from brewing and wine making, through cheese production and bread making, to the manufacture of soy sauce At the other end of the scale, microbes are responsible for food spoilage, and disease-causing microbes are frequently carried on food.
A microbe or microorganism is a member of a large, extremely diverse, group of organisms that are lumped together on the basis of one property - the fact that, normally, they are so small that they cannot be seen without the use of a microscope. The word is therefore used to describe viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and some algae.
dinoflagellate
Red algae
diatom algae
Green algae Brown algae
The colony or lawn can be seem with
the naked eye肉眼可观察到微生物聚集的群体
－菌落 或菌苔
Leabharlann Baidu
simplicity
Generally, microbes may be considered as fairly simple organisms. Most of the bacteria and protozoa and some of the algae and fungi are single-celled microorganisms, and even the multicelled microbes do not have a great range of cell types. Viruses are not even cells/ just genetic material surrounded by a protein coat, and are incapable of independent existence.
微生物与人类的关系
绝大多数微生物对 人类和动、植物是 有益的，而且有些 是必需的。
1.在自然界中元素的循环 2.在工业方面的作用 3.在农业方面的作用 4.在医药方面的作用 5.生物技术 6.科学研究
只有少数的微生物对人类和动、植物是有害的。
The importance of microbiology
medicine
The disease-causing ability of some microbes such as smallpox (Variola virus), cholera (Vibrio cholera bacteria; ) and malaria (Plasmodium protozoa. ) is well known. However, microorganisms have also provided us with the means of their control in the form of antibiotics and other medically important drugs.
4.Some microbes are devastating plant pathogens which destroy important food crops, but others may act as biological control agents against these diseases.
食品微生物学
FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
霍乃蕊
山西农业大学食品科学与工程学院
Food Microbiology
Lectured by Huo Nairui College of food science and engineering
Introduction
What is a microbe?