情态动词和非谓语动词

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

情态动词

can[kæn]/can’t[kɑ:nt]/could[kud]能,may[mei]可以,should[∫ud]应该,must[mʌst]必须,had better['betə(r)]最好…,mustn’t[mʌsnt]不可以,needn’t[ni:dnt]没必要/无需,would[wud]愿意, have to不得不,would do sth rather['rʌðə(r)] than do sth 宁愿做..而不愿做..,would like to do sth想要(愿意)做某事,dare敢['deə(r)]

一、普通用法:情态动词+动词原形

二、表示推测

肯定推测:must一定、can/could可能、may/might大概/也许、should应该

否定推测:may not/might not可能不、can’t不可能

推测现在:情态动词+V-ing表示:一定/可能/也许/应该正在做某事

推测将来:情态动词+V表示:一定/可能/也许/应该会做某事

推测过去:情态动词+have+P.P表示:一定/可能/也许/应该做了某事

三、虚拟语气

情态动词+have+P.P表示:本来能够/应该做某事(实际上没做)

四、问答要点

①一般情况下,由情态动词提问的一般疑问句用Yes或No回答,且用同样的情态动词。但为了避免语气太僵硬或不客气,可以不安规矩出牌,如:.

较爽快的答应:

Yes,please是的,有劳了;Sure=Of course=Certainly当然可以;No problem没问题

比较委婉的拒绝:

No,thanks不了,谢谢;I’m afraid not恐怕不行;You’d better not你最好不要;please don’t请别②下面规则要牢记:

-Could I use you pen?-Yes,you can/No,you can’t

can/may表示允许;can’t/mustn’t表示拒绝must n’t口气最硬,表示绝对不可以

-Must+主谓?-Yes,主+must/No,主+needn’t/No,主+don’t have to(是的,必须;不,没有必要)-Need+主谓?- Yes,主+must/No,主+needn’t/No,主+don’t have to(同上)

-May I+谓语?-Yes,you may/Yes,you can/No,you can’t/No,you mustn’t.(是的,可以;不,不行)五、补充

①had better do sth最好做某事、had better not do sth最好不要做某事

You had better shut up.你最好把嘴闭上You had better not buy the camera你最好不要买那架相机

②would do sth rather than do sth宁愿做某事而不愿做某事

I would stay at home rather than go out with you我宁愿呆在家里而不愿和你一起出去

③would like to do sth愿意做某事

eg:-Would you like to do me a favour?你愿意帮我个忙吗?-Sure,I’d love to 当然愿意

***非谓语动词***

(动词原形,动词不定式,现在分词,过去分词)

①动词不定式(作宾语)

Sb want=would like /refuse/ need/ choose/ hope/ agree/try/ begin/offer/seem to do sth

某人想/拒绝/需要/选择/希望/同意/尝试/开始/主动提出做某事

tell/ask/want/allow/force/ encourage sb(not)to do sth

告诉/叫/想要/允许/逼迫/鼓励某人(不要)做某事

区别:would( like/love) to do sth=want to do sth想要做某事(一时的想法)

(like/love)doing sth=enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事(习惯,爱好)

②动词原形(作宾语补足语)

使役动词make/have/let sb do sth.让(使)某人做某事→被动句结构sb is made/had/let to do sth.

感官动词see/watch/hear/notice/feel sb do sth.看见/观看/听到/注意到/感到某人做了某事.

其被动语态结构:Sb is seen/watched/heard/noticed to do sth.

help sb do sth帮助某人做某事.

情态动词had better do sth最好做某事had better not do sth最好不要做某事

would do sth rather than do sth宁愿做某事而不愿做某事

③现在分词(作宾语)

imagine/finish/enjoy/mind/stop/give up/practice/remember/forget/keep/keep on doing sth.

想象/完成/喜欢/介意/停止/放弃/练习/记得/忘记/继续做某事

感官动词:see/watch/hear/notice/feel sb doing sth看见/观看/听到/注意到/感到某人正在做某事.

其被动语态结构:Sb is seen/watched/heard/noticed doing sth.

④过去分词(作宾语补足语)

have/get sth done(让别人)做某事.

The driver has his car washed once a week.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车.

I had my bike repaired yesterday.昨天我叫人把自行车修好了.

I had my hair cut this morning.今天早上我把头发理了一下.

⑤注意:

1.区分意思(作宾语)

forget [fə(r)'ɡet] to do sth(忘记要做某事)→ forget doing sth(忘记做了某事);

regret [ri'ɡret] to do sth(后悔要做某事)→ regret doing sth(后悔做了某事);

try to do sth( 尽力做某事)→ try doing sth(尝试做某事);

stop doing sth(停止做某事)→ stop to do sth(停下来去干另一件事情);

mean [mi:n] to do sth(打算干某事)→ mean doing sth(意味着干某事);

go on to do sth(继续去做另一件事情)→ go on doing sth(继续做同一件事情)

2.分词作状语,修饰整个句子。主动用现在分词,被动用过去分词(状语从句省略了引导词和主语) eg:Given more water,the fish couldn’t die如果多些水,这些鱼就不会死

Seen from the hill,the city is beautiful如果从山上看,这座城市真漂亮

Seeing from the hill,you can see the whole city如果从山上看,你可以看见整个城市

Finding the door locked,Tom went home看到门锁着,汤姆就回家了

Not knowing her address,I can’t write to her因为不知道她的地址,我没法给她写信

After having finished his homework,Jim went to bed写完作业后,吉姆睡觉了

相关文档
最新文档