名词性从句讲义

名词性从句讲义8.19

【考纲解读】

1.了解名词性从句的基本用法;

2.熟练掌握名词性从句的引导词及引导词在从句中的作用;

3.what与that的区别；whether与if的区别；

4. it作形式主语和形式宾语；

5. that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。

【考题导引】

1．(2016·北京，29)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ____ one can be entirely free from dust.

A.what

B.that

C.whether

D.why

解析：考查表语从句。句意为：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全不受灰尘的袭扰。分析句子结构可知，is 后的表语从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故选B。

2．The manager put forward a suggestion ___ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016·天津，11)

A.whether

B.that

C.which

D.what

解析：考查同位语从句。句意为：经理提了个建议——我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选B项。

3．We must find out ___ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.(2015·重庆，8)

A.when

B.how

C.where

D.why

解析：考查宾语从句。句意为：我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来，以便我们给他订房间。由句意可知，要给Karl订房间，那么就要清楚他来这里的时间，故选when。

4．Your support is important to our work.___ you can do helps.(2016·北京，24)

A.However

B.Whoever

C.Whatever

D.Wherever

解析：考查主语从句。句意为：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，无论你们做什么都会有帮助。从句动词do 需要宾语，且引导主语从句，故用whatever，表示“无论什么”。

5. _______ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015·北京，35)

A.Where

B.How

C.Why

D.When

解析考查主语从句。句意为：我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系。分析句子结构可知“________ we understand things”为主语从句，结合句意可知选B。

【知识梳理】

名词性从句指的是在主句中起的作用相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一、主语从句

1．引导主语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether/if；连接代词what, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how, whenever等。

①That they were in truth sisters wa s clear from the facial similarity between them.

从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们真是亲姐妹。

②What struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.

影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。

2．主语从句一般放在句首，但有时也可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型：

(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/uncertain等)＋that从句

(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder/no surprise等)＋that从句

(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/reported/decided/believed等)＋that从句

(4)It＋不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等)＋that从句

①It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.

尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。

②It’s no surprise that our team has won the game.

我们队获胜一点都不令人吃惊。

③It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Monday.

会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。

二、宾语从句

1．引导宾语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether, if ；连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever

等；连接副词when, where, why, how 等；从句用陈述语序。

①We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.

我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。

②I truly believe that beauty comes from within.(2015·北京高考单选)

我确信美来自内在。

③We must find out when Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.(2015·重庆高考单选)

我们必须弄清楚卡尔什么时候来，以便我们可以为他预订房间。

2．it 作形式宾语的宾语从句

(1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it 作形式宾语，而将that 引导的宾语从句后置。常见的

这类动词有：find, feel, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make 等。

He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.

他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。

(2)动词hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy 等表示“喜欢”、“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on 等常用it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。

I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.

I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.

你不在的时候，我会确保把他照顾好。

三、表语从句

1．引导表语从句的连接词：从属连词that, whether ；连接代词what, who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever

等；连接副词when, where, why, how 等；从句用陈述语序。

①Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.

杰里不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方法来表达的。

②I’d like to start my own business — that’s what I’d do if I had the money.

我愿意自己创业——那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。

2．as if/as though 引导的表语从句

as if/as though 引导的表语从句常跟在be 动词，seem, look, taste, sound, feel, appear 等动词之后。

The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.

浓雾覆盖着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。

3．because, why 引导的表语从句

because, why 也可引导表语从句，但because 引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason 或cause (该结构常用that

引导)。常用于以下句型：

⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ This/That is/was why ... 这/那是……的原因。This/That is/was because ... 这/那是因为……The reason why ... is/was that ... ……的原因是……

①China is developing fast. That’s why I think those of my colleagues who deal with China affairs should visit China.

中国在飞速发展，这就是我为什么认为我的那些跟中国打交道的同事应该访问中国。

②The reason w hy he didn’t pass the exam was that he was too careless.

他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。

四、同位语从句

同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。 advice 建议 conclusion 结论 demand 要求 doubt 怀疑 fact 事实 hope 希望

idea 主意 information 信息 message 消息 news 消息 order 命令 possibility 可能性 promise 诺言 我对自己承诺：今年，我高中的第一年，会有所不同。

②—Is there any possibility that you could pick me up at the airport?

—No problem. （ ——你有可能到机场接我吗？——没问题。）

2．引导同位语从句的连接词有：that, whether, how, where, when, why 等。