2012食品微生物(双语)考题答案

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2012食品微生物学双语参考答案A卷

I. Complete the following sentences . (20%)

1.Bacteria can be divided into two groups according to their cell wall structure, the ___革兰氏阳性_and the __革兰氏阴性__.

2.___厌氧菌__ are organisms that can grow without using molecular oxygen. Microorganisms that can synthesize complex organic compounds from CO2are called _ 自养型. ___光能营养型__ are microorganisms that obtain their energy to synthesize organic compounds from light.

3.V iruses consist of ___核酸___surrounded by a protein coat.

4.__接合 __ is the process in which DNA is transferred from one bacteria to another.

5.A culture media where all the ingredients are known is called合成media.

6.Ribosomes are structures composed of RNA_and蛋白质. Extrachromosomal DNA elements found in some bacteria are called质粒

7.Unicellular fungi are called酵母菌. Filamentous fungi form branching structures are called霉菌.

anisms that grow best above 40℃are called嗜高温微生物. Organisms that grow best below 20℃are called嗜低温微生物.

9.Pease write down Chinese name of “Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology伯杰氏系统细菌学手册.

10.The bacteria 乳酸菌and the enzyme 凝乳酶was needed in manufacturing of cheese(奶

酪)

11.The reason for go sour (变酸)of wine is transfer of alcohol to醋酸by醋酸菌.

II. Explaining the Conceptions (30%)

1.Selective media :选择性培养基。根据某种微生物的特殊营养要求或其对某化学、物理因素的抗性而设计的培养基

2. Aerobic respiration:有氧呼吸。指细胞在氧的参与下,通过酶的催化作用,把糖类等有机物彻底氧化分解,基质氧化脱氢(电子)通过电子传递链最终以分子态氧为最终受体,产生出二氧化碳和水,同时释放出大量能量的过程。

3.Fermentation:发酵。广义的概念指利用微生物生产菌体细胞或代谢产物。狭义的概念指微生物以有机代谢的中间产物为氢和电子的受体的一类低产能的能量代谢。

4. endosproe:芽孢。某些细菌在一定生长期内在细胞内产生的具有高度抗性的休眠孢子。

5. Food spoilage:食品腐败。食品受外界有害因素污染后其理化性质变化,食品原有的色香味和营养发生从量变到质变的过程,从而使食品质量降低或完全不能食用

6. lactic acid bacteria:乳酸菌。一大群能从可发酵碳水化合物(葡萄糖等)主要产乳酸的细菌的统称。

7. Normal flora:动物正常微生物区系。正常动物皮、毛、外腔道中存在的不侵害肌体的微生物区系

8.Lysogenic conversion 溶源转变。温和噬菌体的核酸整合到敏感细菌上使其溶原化的同时受体细胞获得了新的遗传性状。

9.bacteriophage:噬菌体。侵染原核生物的病毒

10.CFU:菌落形成单位。指在琼脂平板上经过一定温度和时间培养后形成的每一个菌落,是计算细菌或霉菌数目的单位。

III. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Decide on the best

answer and mark the corresponding letter(10%)

答案:CACDBACBBC

1. Organisms that do not contain a true nucleus are referred to as:

A.fungi

B.eukaryotic

C.prokaryotic

D.virus

2. Fungi differ from bacteria in a number of characteristics. The cell walls in fungi are composed of( ) , while the cell walls of bacteria are composed of peptidoglycan.

A.chitin

B.phospholipid

C.protein

D.glucosamine

3.The term "antibiotic" means:

A.a substance produced by the laboratory that kills or inhibits other microorganisms

B.a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits molds

C.a substance produced by microorganism that kills or inhibits other microorganisms

D.a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits cancer cells

4. Botulism(肉毒中毒)is a serious disease that can develop from the improper cooking of food containing bacterial spores. Which of the following genera (属)are capable of producing spores?D

A.Salmonella

B.Listeria

C.Escherichia

D.Clostridia

5. Which of the following mechanisms transports molecules with chemical alteration?

A.active transport

B.group translocation

C.facilitated diffusion

D.passive diffusion

6. Which class of fungi do not have a sexual reproductive phase?

A. Deuteromycete 半知菌

B. Ascomycete 子囊菌

C. Basidiomycete 担子菌

D. Zygomycete 结合菌

7. In bacterial cultures, growth can be demonstrated by an increase in:

A.mass

B.cell size

C.cell number

D.cell length

8. Y oghut(酸奶)was fermentated by which of the following bacteria?

A. Bacillus

B. Lactic acid bacteria

C. Staphylococcus

D. Saccharomyces

9. Bacteriophage that incorporates its genome into the host chromosome are called:

A.abortive

B.lysogenic

C.lytic

D.restrictive

10.Which of the following organisms is used to leaven (发酵)bread?

A. Lactobacillus

B. Streptococcus

C. Saccharomyces

D. mucor

IV. English-Chinese Translation(4%)

Single Cell Protein is microbial cells produced by microbes in culture, especially Candida(假丝酵母)species, that could be of possible commercial importance in providing food sources of high protein from biotechnological processes.

单细胞蛋白是微生物,特别是假丝酵母在培养中产生的微生物细胞。在生物技术过程中是具有重要经济价值的高蛋白食物来源。

Secondary metabolites are produced by a microorganism after the phase of active growth has ceased(停止). Such substances are usually not required for essential metabolic or cell maintenance purposes. Examples include toxins,pigments and most antibiotics.

次级代谢产物是微生物的主要生长停止后产生的对代谢或细胞生长非必需的产物。如毒素、色素,多数抗生素。

V. Explain the principal of process below(12%)

1.指出下列物品灭菌或消毒的方法及条件:接种针、营养琼脂培养基、无菌室、酸性果汁接种针:灼烧灭菌(1分)

营养琼脂培养基:高压蒸汽灭菌(1分)

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