英语语法整理之从句
英语八大从句类型总结
英语八大从句类型总结
从句是复杂句的一种重要组成部分，它可以在句子中起到名词、形容词或副词的作用。
根据从句的功能和结构，英语语法中总结出了八种常见的从句类型。
本文将对这八大从句类型进行详细总结和解析。
1. 名词性从句
名词性从句在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
常见的名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句常以“that”引导，但也可以使用连接词如“if”、“whether”、“who”、“what”等。
例如：
- 主语从句：That he was late for the meeting was not surprising.（他迟到会议并不出人意料。
）
- 宾语从句：I don't know where he is going.（我不知道他要去哪里。
）
- 表语从句：The important thing is that we try our best.（重要的是我们尽力去做。
）
- 同位语从句：The fact that he passed the exam is a great relief.（他通过考试是一件大解脱的事实。
）
2. 定语从句
定语从句用来修饰名词或代词，并提供更多的信息。
定语从句通常由关系代词（如\。
英语语法：状语从句归纳整理
状语从句在复合句中，充当状语的从句叫作状语从句，一般修饰谓语动词或整个主句。
状语从句一般可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句和方式状语从句等。
一、时间状语从句在复合句中起时间状语作用的从句称为时间状语从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。
（二）until 和 till的用法1.肯定句：主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“直到……为止”；2.否定句：主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，表示“某动作直到某时才开始”；3.till 不可以置于句首，而until可以。
例：They waited till / until I returned.他们一直在等我回来。
You may stay here until / till the rain stops.你可以待在这里直到雨停。
He won’t go to bed until / till she returns.直到她回来，他才上床睡觉。
Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。
（三）since的用法（四）before的用法一般情况下before表示“在……之前”，有时根据上下文，还可表示“还未……就……” “不到……就……” “……才……” “趁……还未……”等例：Please write it down before you forget it.趁你还没忘，请把它记下来。
I must finish this letter before I go home.我必须在回家之前完成这封信。
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。
We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。
高中英语语法总结之状语从句(共37张ppt)
• Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什 么了。
• We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains. = We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain. 除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。
• Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.我 每次乘船都晕船。
• The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful. 我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。
• Next time you come ,you’ll see him.下次你来 的时候，就会见到他。
• We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.虽然我们干了一天活，但并 不累。
• （2）even if, even though（even if 和even though的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步 设想的意味，多用于书面语中）。
• 5、结果状语从句：
• （1）so that，so…that（so that前有逗号为 结果状语从句，so…that的so后面跟形容词 或副词）。
• We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.我们把收音机的音量放大， 大家都听到了新闻。
• Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生 去了。
高中英语语法总结大全之名词性从句
高中英语语法总结大全之名词性从句高中英语语法总结大全之名词性从句名词性从句在句子中起高考资源网名词作用的句子叫名词从句NounCaue）。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
www5ucom引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whoe,which连接副词：when,where,how,wh不可省略的连词：1介词后的连词2引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
比较：whether与if均为"是否"的意思。
但在下列情况下，whether不能被if取代：从句作介词宾语4从句后有"ornot"Whetherhewicomeinotcear大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it充当形式主语。
Itinotimmonnowedgethat………是常识Itiaure她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语：Iworraboutwhetherhecane我相信他不回来。
注意：若谓语动词为hoeinotcear大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it充当形式主语。
Itinotimmonnowedgethat………是常识Itiaure她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语：Iworraboutwhetherhecane我相信他不回来。
1)注意：若谓语动词为ho,athatthenowwheretogo本资料由阳光家教网整理看来他们不知道往哪去。
Itdoen"taorrow看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
2)有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
Idon"trememberhavingevereenuchaman我记得从未见过这样一个人。
2023届高考英语语法名词性从句精讲之四大从句用法大全讲义
2023年高中英语语法名词性从句精讲之：四大从句用法大全主语从句主语从句的概念：如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。
that在句中无词义，只起连接作用。
主语从句用法：1、主语从句的引导词：主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导：如：That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着，真是奇迹。
When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。
What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。
What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。
Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
2、主语从句与形式主语it：有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。
这分三种情况：(1)对于以连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语代主语从句：如：It's a pity that he didn't come. 很遗憾他没来。
(2)对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句：如：Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
(3)对关系代词型what引导的主语从句，通常不用形式主语，总是主语从句放在句首：如：What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。
英语语法之定语从句
英语语法之定语从句一、定语从句定语从句(Attributi ve Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换), 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
(which / that在句中作宾语)The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
初中英语语法学习之主语从句用法归纳
初中英语语法学习之主语从句用法归纳主语从句是在句子中充当主语的从句。
它与其它名词性从句一样，通常由连接代词或连接副词引导。
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,引导主语从句的词有从属连词that, whether以及连接代词who, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever和连接副词when, where, why, how等.例如:That she was chosen made us very happy.她当选了使我们很高兴.What caused the accident is a complete mystery.是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个谜.Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否来还是一个问题.Which team will win the match is still unknown.哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道.Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.参加聚会的每一个人都将收到一份礼物.When they will start has not been decided yet.他们何时出发还没决定.注意:上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免"头重脚轻",常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面.例如:It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾.It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.他们是否今天去购物还得看天气情况.1. 由that 引导的主语从句That she lacks experience is obvious. 她缺少经验，这是显然的。
英语的从句类型与用法总结资料
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高中英语：从句语法知识大梳理
高中英语：从句语法知识大梳理从句的基础概念由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成的句子叫做复合句。
所谓主句，就是在复合句中起统领作用的句子，它是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；而从句则是复合句的一个句子成分，不能独立存在。
如：You’ll feel better after you take the pills. 吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。
主句是You’ll feel better，从句是after you take the pills，由after引导，在整个复合句中用作状语，表示时间。
注意，英语的复合句不是简单句的反面，不要将它误解为“复杂句”。
事实上，英语的简单句有时也可以比较“复杂”，而复合句也可以比较“简单”。
如：He stopped because he was tired. 他停下来是因为他累了。
这个句子比较“简单”，却是一个典型的复合句，其中的he stopped是主句，because he was tired是从句，在复合句中用作状语，表示原因。
从句的分类一般说来，一个从句在复合句充当什么成分我们就叫它为什么从句——从句在复合句用作主语，我们就叫它为主语从句；从句在复合句用作宾语，我们就叫它为宾语从句等。
如：He answered that he knew nothing about it. 他回答说他不知情。
that 引导的从句在复合句中用作动词answered的宾语，因此为宾语从句。
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。
be动词后做表语从句He was rather pleased when he won that prize. 他获奖后相当高兴。
用状语表时间，也叫时间状语从句。
名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的充当的成分和其名称相同，分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
高中英语语法复习之三大从句
三大从句定语从句1.The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important.2. The girl who is making a speech right now is our monitor.3. The vase that I broke yesterday was very expensive.4. The boy who helped you yesterday is my neighbour.5. That's just the topic that I'm very interested in.6. He is just the boss who gave me that valuable opportunity.7. I like the cake which you bought yesterday.8. He is the teacher who helped me.9. We all like that speaker who is very humorous.10. The old lady whose two daughters are both teachers is our neighbour.11. She is the girl whom I met at the party.12. There are occasions when one must yield.13.Beijing is the place where I was born.14.Is this the reason why he refused our offer?15. His father died the year when he was born.16.He is unlikely to find the place in which he lived forty years ago.17. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?18.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.19. He has finished the difficult exercise, which is easy for you.20.None of us know the reason for which Tom was absent from the meeting. (why = for which ). 只用that不用which的情况①先行词指物且含有不定代词(all, little, few, much, everything, anything等)Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?All that Lily told me seems untrue.②先行词被the only, the very, the right, any, every, some, no, just等修饰This is the very bus that I am waiting for.The only thing that we can do is to lend you some money.③先行词含有最高级或含有序数词时，如：This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city.What is the most interesting film that you have ever seen?④先行词既有人又有物Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?⑤避免重复a. 主句的主语是疑问词who或whichWhich is the bike that you have lost?Who is the boy that won the gold medal?b. 两个定语从句，其中一个用which另一个用thatThey secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause much pollution.c. 先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中也作表语Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.⑥ 主句是there be 句型且关系词在从句中作主语There is a seat that is still available.2. 只用which不用that的情况① 非限制性定语从句② 关系代词前有介词（介词锁定）③ 先行词本身是that（避免重复）只用who不用that的情况：① 先行词是指人的不定代词，如：one , ones, anyone, no one, those等Those who have not got your textbooks please raise you hands.② there be结构中先行词指人There is a man who calls himself Mr. S joining our team.③ 分隔式定语从句中I was one of the persons in my office who were invited.四、关系副词when 时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there. （可用on which）where 地点地点状语This is the house where I was born. （可用in which）why 原因原因状语I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. （可用for which）主语从句(subject clause)一．定义:主语从句（subject clause）,顾名思义就是利用一个从句来代替主语。
高中英语语法之从句篇(简单,实用,短期内搞定英语从句)
英语语法之从句一.名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，一个从句在整个句子中充当名词的作用，它可以作为主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
1. Who will win the match is unknown.2. I want to know what he has told you.3. The fact is that he had won the game.4. The news that we won the game is exciting.(一)宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中做及物动词的宾语，或用作介词和某些表示心理活动的形容词后作宾语，或是用it 作为形式宾语代表宾语从句。
例:1. I think that it will be of no use.2. It depends on whether the boss will agree to you or not.宾语从句的连接词：that,（常用且一般可省略）who, what, whether/if（是否）which, whoever, whatever ，when, where, how, why.(连接词的选择要看从句的具体意思需要)例：1. I know that you are a teacher.2. I wonder if/ whether you are Mr Li.3. Do you know what I will do next?4. I can guess which team will win.5. I don’t know when he will come.6. I don’t know where he has gone.7. They don’t know how they should help me.8. Please give the book to whoever likes it.Attention:①★宾语从句的语序一定是正常的语序，即陈述句的语序，先主语后谓语。
英语语法9之宾语从句
三、从句是特殊疑问句时
①用原有的疑问句作连词引导，该疑问词不能省略。从句用陈述句语序。 举例：Goals determine what you’re going to be.
举例：I don't doubt that they can perform an operation upon the patient.
Ⅰ.有时，从句中也可用否定结构，只是含义有差别。
举例：I don't think it will rain.（表推测，语气不太肯定）
I think it will not rain. （有把握，语气肯定）
一、从句是陈述句时
④当主句谓语动词为 think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,assume,guess,fancy等表示“认 为”，“猜测”的动词时，其后that从句如是否定的意思，则在从句中不用 否定形式，而在主句的谓语部分用否定，即将not移到主句。这种现象叫否定 转移。
Newton was convinced that all masses attract each other.
I'm not ashamed to confess that I'm ignorant of what I don't know.
三、从句是特殊疑问句时
④某些短语后接wh-从句，介词常可省略，因此wh-从句可位于某些名词之后。 这些常见的短语有have no idea of,have some notion of等。 举例：I have no notion (of) what he means. ⑤关系词可引导作间接宾语从句 举例：We wrote whoever had help us a letter of thanks. ⑥在“be+某些形容词（作表语）+介词后接that从句或wh-从句”的句型中， 介词要省去。这种从句在概念上接近宾语，而在结构上却接近状语。这类形 容词往往表示情感或心理活动。 举例：I am certain that they have solved the knotty problem.
英语语法之宾语从句
宾语从句一、宾语从句的定义在句中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
引导宾语从句的连接词：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词：who, whom，whose, what ,which，whatever，whichever，whoever等副词：when ,where, how, why 等。
宾语从句分三类：动词的宾语从句；介词的宾语从句；形容词的宾语从句。
（1）动词的宾语从句：作动词的宾语大多数及物动词可以带宾语从句，有些动词短语也可以带宾语从句。
I heard that he would come here later on.（2）介词的宾语从句：作介词的宾语一般情况下，介词后只用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。
He said nothing about who broke the window last night. （3）形容词的宾语从句：作形容词的宾语在afraid，certain，glad，happy，pleased，sure，surprise，satisfied，sorry等表示感情的形容词后可接宾语从句。
I’m sorry you are having trouble in making friends.二、宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法1.that，if/whether引导that，whether，if引导宾语从句时都只起连接作用，不作句子成分。
That 无意义且可省略，而whether/if意为“是否”，故不可省略。
He told me that he would go to the college the next year.I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.2.连接代词引导当连接代词who, whom，whose, what ,which，whatever，whichever，whoever 等引导宾语从句时，可以在宾语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
高中英语语法之四种名词性从句及句型
四种名词性从句(宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句)讲解与练习◆学习宾语从句学习宾语从句的连词、语序、时态和各种变化及特殊用法(直接引证变间接引语也在宾语从句的基础上还要进行人称、状语、少数动词和句型的变化)是为学习其它三种名词性从句(主从、表从、同位从)做铺垫，连词、语序、时态基本相同，只是后三种考点相对宾.语从句少的多，主要是对连词的应用进行考查。
所以学好宾语从句是必要的。
宾语从句三注意三特殊一注意:注意引导词(连词)由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为that，that 在口语或非正式文体中可省略;由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为if或whether;由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词，即what, when，where 等。
Eg：Tom says(that)he will fly to Beijing tomorrow.汤姆说他明天将要坐飞机去北京二注意:注意从句语序.宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。
也就是说将疑问句转化成宾语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。
Can you tell me what he is doing能告诉我他正在做什么吗?<特别提醒>当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时，语序不变。
Eg：Do you know what makes him so angry?你知道什么事使他如此生气吗？<特别提醒>如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实，其谓语动词仍用一般现在.时态。
Eg：Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon.老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。
◆主语从句(与宾词从句连词、语序、时态相同。
只是不能用if, that 不可省;)(一)、主语从句是一个句子，在句子中作主语成分。
(二)，主语从句的特点1.与宾语从句使用同样的连接词，只是if不能用;1)、陈述句用that。
初三上英语语法点归纳整理
一. 宾语从句1. 宾语从句的含义在整个句子中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
如：She knew that the teacher had seen the film.她知道这位老师看过这部电影。
（“that the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的宾语，同时又是由连接词 that 引导的从句，所以它叫做宾语从句。
）2. 宾语从句的分类（1）动词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。
例如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
（2）介词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。
例如：I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。
（3）形容词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。
例如：I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要迟到了。
3. 引导名词性从句的连接词（1）that：没有含义，在宾语从句中不做成分（2）whether/if：表示是否，在宾语从句中不做成分。
I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后，他是否还住在这里。
（3）连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose（在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语）连接副词：where, when, how, why（在宾语从句中做状语）The small children don't know what is in their stockings．（what 在宾语从句中做主语）这些小孩子不知道什么在他们的长筒袜里。
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？（why 在宾语从句中做原因状语）你能告诉我为什么你今天早上开会迟到吗？4. 在做宾语从句的题目时应注意两点（1）时态①当主句是现在时态时，宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。
英语语法之宾语从句
1.陈述句变宾语从句+that连词，不作成分，that可以省He will help us.We know that he will help us.2.特殊疑问句变宾语从句（由wh词、how等疑问词构成的疑问句称特殊疑问句）不用+that，加入合适的疑问词；调整语序，把主语放到谓语动词前。
What did you say?We know what you said.3.一般疑问句变宾语从句（Yes \ No回答的疑问句）调整语序，主语提前；+连词Whether/if（推荐用whether，if有四种情况不能用）Is she coming here?We know whether/if she is coming here.宾语从句的位置1.介词后的宾语从句Prep.+从句He was astonished at what he found. 原句：What did he find.2.动宾I know that you are right.单宾He tells me that you are right.双宾3.形容词+宾语从句They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. 应该是sure of that，或sure about that…介词被省略，其实也就是介宾的变种。
宾语从句的省略当连词是wh-/how + to do. 注：that不行。
I’ll tell you wher e you should get off.= I ‘ll tell you where to get off.。
【英语】英语语法之：?原因状语从句
【英语】英语语法之：原因状语从句原因状语从句的引导词有because(因为），as(由于），for（由于），since(既然，由于），now that(既然，由于），in that(由于），when(既然，由于），seeing (that)(由于，鉴于），considering(that)(考虑到，由于），given (that)(考虑到，由于）等。
1.because,since,for,as引导的原因状语从句①because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句的后面，位于句首时要用逗号分开，放在句末时，可不用遇号分开。
because表示直接原因，语气最强，常用于回答why的提问，并且前面可用强调词和not。
需要注意的是because不可与 so 连用。
It is because I was ill,I didn't go to school yesterday.正是因为生病了，我昨天才没去上学。
I did it not because I liked it but because I had to do it.我做（这事）不是因为我喜欢做，而是因为我必须做。
②since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前，表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”），较为正式，语气比because 弱。
since前不可用强调词和not，也不可用于强调句型。
Since you are better todoy,you had better finish your mathematics homework.既然今天体身体好多了，你最好去完成你的数学作业。
Since you don't trust him,you should not employ him.既然你不信任他，你就不应该启细他。
③as引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”，语气比since 弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活（常放于主句之前）。
英语语法之形容词性从句(一)
形容词从句（一）形容词从句（定语从句）是指用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子。
被形容词从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导形容词从句的关联词有关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as和关系副词when, where, why等。
一、关系代词引导的形容词从句引导形容词从句的关系代词有：who，whom（代人），which（代物），that，whose（代人或代物）。
关系代词在从句中可以充当主语、宾语或定语，关系代词的数和人称要与先行词一致，它的格则取决于它在从句中充当的成分。
1．在从句中充当主语的关系代词：who，that，which引导形容词从句时都可以在从句中充当主语，指人或指物。
e.g. I) All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的不一定都是金子。
II) Do you know the man who came to see Mary this morning?你认识今天早上来看玛丽的那个人吗？III) Feeling loved provides invaluable emotional strength to cope successfully with almost any difficulty that (which) arises in life.感到有人爱会赋予他们一种不可估量的情感力量，从而帮助他们成功地应付生活中出现的种种困难。
2．在从句中充当宾语的关系代词：who，whom，which，that引导形容词从句时可以在从句中充当宾语，指人或指物。
e.g. I) The son whom(who) he had turned out had gone to a distant land .被他赶出家门的那个儿子已经远走他乡。
II) The few points which (that) the president stressed in his report are very importantindeed. 院长在报告里强调的几点确实十分重要。
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语法内容----从句一．从句的分类主语从句（谓语之前）This is what he told me last night.表语从句（系动词之后）What he said is true.宾语从句（实意动词之后）Tell me what he said at the meeting.同位语从句名词之后，与名词是等同关系）The news that he will come makesme happy.（解释the news)定语从句（修饰名词或代词）The news that he tole me is true状语从句（修饰动词）1.)时间.....I stayed home while ha was away.(说明呆家的时间）2.)地点....You should put the book where it was.(说明放的位置）3. 原因....He didn’t come because he was ill.(说明没来的原因）4.)结果...He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch cup him(他跑得快导致的结果）5.) 目的...We left early so that we could catch the first train.(说明我们早出发的目的）6.) 条件...I will not lend the book to you unless you return it intime.(说明我借书给你的前提条件）7.）让步...(Although he may have told you, I still think she is notto be trusted.(说明就算退一步讲，我也不信任她）8.）方式...You should do as I tell you.(说明你要做的方式）9.）比较...The room is bigger than that one.(形容/副词的比较用法）二、从句的连接词(根据从句类型来用）1.名词性从句-主语从句陈述句（that)宾语从句-----根据从句类型一般疑问句(weather/if)表语从句特殊疑问句(what/how/when/同位语...-where/why/who.)以宾从为例陈述句：He said that he could help me.(I can help you)一般问句He asked weather/if I could help him.( Can youhelp me?)特殊问句：He asked what I was doing.( What are you doing?He asked how I did it?.( How did you do it?)(2）主语从句的倒装(it 作形式主语）That he is a doctor is true.= It is true that he is a doctor千真万确，他是个医生。
Whether she comes or not makes no difference.= It is no difference whether she comes or not. 她来不来都没关系。
Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.= It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident.还不清楚谁对此事负责人。
2.定语从句(根据先行词在从句中的成分确定）主语（人）--who(that可代)宾语（人）--whom(that可省可代）主语（物）--which（that可代）宾语（物）--which（that可省可代）定语（人的）--whose（物的）--whose状语(修饰动词状态）时间when地点where原因whyThe children who had been watching started to laugh.一直在旁观看的小孩们开始笑了起来。
（人主--who/that)The boy (whom) you saw yesterday is here now.你昨天见到的那个男孩现在就在那儿。
（You saw the boy, 人宾--whom(that)可省可代）The house whose windows are broken is scary.窗户破了的那所房子很恐怖。
（the windows of the house, 物的-whose=of which,定语)I shall never forget the day when I entered the university. 我永远不会忘记上大学的那一天。
This is the factory where I worked three years ago.这就是我三年前工作过的工厂。
（I worked in the factory)He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so sad.他没有告诉我他那么伤心的原因。
( I don’t know why he was so sad)(2)限定性和非限定性.....（不可用that）This is the book which(that) he gave me.(限定性定从）He gave me a book yesterday, which is useful. （没有which句子完整，which不可省也不可用that来代替）（3）As和which用于非限定定语从句As “正如.......”；(位置可前可后）Which “这.....”（因果关系，位置：主句，which...)He was late again, as could be expected. 他又迟到了，正如预料的那样。
He was late again, which made me angry.他又迟到了，这让我很生气。
（4）介词+which/whom...... （根据习惯搭配；上下文意义确定介词）The company in which I am working is a large one.我上班的那个公司是家大型公司。
( I am working in the company. The company is a large one.The person with whom you talked is a famous writer. 和你谈话的那个人是一位有名的作家。
（You talked with the person. The person is a famous writer)This is the program of which I was speaking.这就是我所说的节目。
（I was speaking of the program. This is the program.)（5）定语从句和同位语从句（修饰名词）定从--根据成分确定关联词（主宾定状，人/物）同位语--与被修饰名词是等同关系根据从句类型确(陈述；一般、特殊）对被修饰名词进一步说明The news which he told me made happy.(the news 物主--which)The news that he could come made me happy.(the news=he could come)（6）定语从句和强调句型强调句型---It is /was+被强调部分（除谓语外）+that +......定语从句--It is +名词/代词+ that+.....It is in this shop that we met yesterday. （去掉It is...that=We met in this shopyesterday)It is the shop where we met yesterday.(去掉It is...that句子不完整）（7）插入语位置：在关联词之后关联词不变含义变窄They went to the place where they believed they could find food.This is the book which he said is useful for us.3.状语从句的连接词---逐一记忆1.) 时间.....（1.）when 特指过去或将来的某一时刻（be doing/be about to)正当.....突然as 两个动作同时发生while 一段时间然而；却（AB两者的对比）He entered the room when the meeting was going on.(他进房间是会议进行的时候）He sang songs as he was talking a bath.(唱歌和洗澡两个动作同时进行）I stayed home while he was away.( 我待在家是在他离开的那段时间）He knew how to answer the question, while I couldn’t answer it.(他知道答案与我不知道怎么回答之间的对比）（2.）before (一段时间）之前after 在....之后until 直到...为止（A...延续...B）not....until 直到.....才（A...非延续性动词...B，not放句首，需倒装）I’ll wait until he comes back.我会等到他回来为止。
Not until he told me did I know it.直到他告诉我，我才直到这个消息。
(3)一...就as soon ashe moment=the minute=the instantimmediatelyonce放句首须倒装hardly/barely/scarcely....whenNo sooner......thanThe instant the result came out, she told us.结果一出来，她就告诉我们。
Immediately he came home, I told him about it.他一回家，我就把消息告诉他）Jack had hardly seen me when he left the room.（4) any time随时；任何时候each time 每次（个别）every time每次（整体）the day 那一天the year那一年You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。