William Blake’s The Songs of Innocence and Experience
英国文学集 天真之歌(songs of innocence)
William Blake天真之歌（songs of innocence）This article is about the William Blake poem. For other uses, see Lamb (disambiguation)Blake's illustration of "The Lamb""The Lamb" is a poem by William Blake, published in Songs of Innocence in 1789. Like many of Blake's works, the poem is about Christianity.BackgroundLike the other Songs of Innocence and Experience, The Lamb was intended to be sung; William Blake's original melody is now lost. It was made into a song by Vaughan Williams. It was also set to music by Sir John Tavener, who explained, "The Lamb came to me fully grown and was written in an afternoon and dedicated to my nephew Simon for his 3rd birthday." American poet Allen Ginsberg set the poem to music, along with several other of Blake's poems.[1]The Lamb can be compared to a more grandiose Blake poem: The Tyger in Songs of Experience. Critical analysis suggests that both poems, "The Lamb" and "The Tyger," question the Christian belief that God is good; if God is responsible for creating both the good things in life (the lamb) and the evil things (the tyger), how can God be good and moral?[original research?]The lamb in the poem may be compared to Jesus Christ, who is also known as "The Lamb of God".[2]Poetic structureThis poem has a simple rhyme scheme : AA BB CC DD AA AA EF DD FE AAThe layout is set up by two stanzas with the refrain: "Little Lamb who madethee?/Dost thou know who made thee?"In the first stanza, the speaker wonders who the lamb's creator is; the answer lies at the end of the poem. Here we find a physical description of the lamb, seen as a pure and gentle creature.In the second stanza, the lamb is compared with the infant Jesus, as well as between the lamb and the speaker's soul. In the last two lines the speaker identifies the creator: God.Holy Thursday (Songs of Innocence)Holy Thursday is a poem by William Blake, from his book of poems Songs of Innocence. (There is also a Holy Thursday poem in Songs of Experience, which contrasts this song.)The poem depicts a religious event carried on on a Holy Thursday, in which rows of clean children dressed in cheerful clothes walk into Saint Paul cathedral in a sort of procession, guided by beadles. Citizens of London town, including the aged man, sit and observe the ceremony while thousands of little boys and girls elevate their hands and a song is raised to Heaven.The poem is a criticism of the Foundling Hospital. Orphans at the hospital would be cleaned and marched annually to Saint Paul cathedral to sing. This was seen as a treat for the orphans. The bleak reality of their lives is depicted in Holy Thursday (Songs of Experience).The Chimney Sweeper is the title of two poems by William Blake, published in Songs of Innocence in 1789 and Songs of Experience in 1794.[1] In the earlier poem, a young chimney sweeper recounts a dream had by one of his fellows, in which an angel rescues the boys from coffins and takes them to a sunny meadow; in the later poem, an apparently adult speaker encounters a child chimney sweeper abandoned in the snow while his parents are at church.The PoemsSongs of InnocenceWhen my mother died I was very young,And my father sold me while yet my tongueCould scarcely cry 'weep! 'weep! 'weep! 'weep!So your chimneys I sweep, and in soot I sleep.There's little Tom Dacre, who cried when his head,That curled like a lamb's back, was shaved: so I said,"Hush, Tom! never mind it, for when your head's bare,You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair."And so he was quiet; and that very night,As Tom was a-sleeping, he had such a sight, -That thousands of sweepers, Dick, Joe, Ned, and Jack,Were all of them locked up in coffins of black.And by came an angel who had a bright key,And he opened the coffins and set them all free;Then down a green plain leaping, laughing, they run, And wash in a river, and shine in the sun.Then naked and white, all their bags left behind,They rise upon clouds and sport in the wind;And the angel told Tom, if he'd be a good boy,He'd have God for his father, and never want joy.And so Tom awoke; and we rose in the dark,And got with our bags and our brushes to work.Though the morning was cold, Tom was happy and warm; So if all do their duty they need not fear harm.经验之歌(Songs of Experience)（1）2010年01月12日星期二上午09:41IntroductionHear the voice of the Bard!Who Present, Past, & Future sees Whose ears have heard,The Holy Word,That walk'd among the ancient trees. Calling the lapsed SoulAnd weeping in the evening dew: That might control,The starry pole;And fallen fallen light renew!O Earth O Earth return!Arise from out the dewy grass; Night is worn,And the mornRises from the slumberous mass, Turn away no more:Why wilt thou turn awayThe starry floorThe watry shoreIs giv'n thee till the break of day. 经验之歌序诗听那行吟诗人的声音！他看见现在、过去和未来。
(完整)英国文学简答题
Topic questions：1.Why is the 18th century called the Age of Enlightenment？The 18th century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason.（1) The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe。
The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance in the 15th ＆ 16th centuries。
(2） Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modem philosophical and artistic ideas。
（3）English enlighteners believed in the power of reason. They considered that social problems could be solved by human intelligence.（4) The Enlighteners criticized different aspects of contemporary England， discussed social life according to a more reasonable principle。
(5）T he Enlightener celebrated reason or ration, equality, science and human beings’ ability to perfect themselves and their society. They called for a reference to order, reason and advocated universal education.（6) Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryden，Alexander pope and so on.ment on Alexander Pope and his contributions to English poetry。
Songs of Innocence and Experience
Songs of Innocence and ExperienceWilliam BlakeAnalysisBlake’s Songs of Innocence and Experience (1794) juxtapose the innocent, pastoral world of childhood against an adult world of corruption and repression; while such poems as “The Lamb” represent a meek virtue, poems like “The Tyger” exhibit opposing, darker forces. Thus the collection as a whole explores the value and limitations of two different perspectives on the world. Many of the poems fall into pairs, so that the same situation or problem is seen through the lens of innocence first and then experience. Blake does not identify himself wholly with either view; most of the poems are dramatic—that is, in the voice of a speaker other than the poet himself. Blake stands outside innocence and experience, in a distanced position from which he hopes to be able to recognize and correct the fallacies of both. In particular, he pits himself against despotic authority, restrictive morality, sexual repression, and institutionalized religion; his great insight is into the way these separate modes of control work together to squelch what is most holy in human beings.The Songs of Innocence dramatize the naive hopes and fears that inform the lives of children and trace their transformation as the child grows into adulthood. Some of the poems are written from the perspective of children, while others are about children as seen from an adult perspective. Many of the poems draw attention to the positive aspects of natural human understanding prior to the corruption and distortion of experience. Others take a more critical stance toward innocent purity: for example, while Blake draws touching portraits of the emotional power of rudimentary Christian values, he also exposes—over the heads, as it were, of the innocent—Christianity’s capacity for promoting injustice and cruelty.The Songs of Experience work via parallels and contrasts to lament the ways in which the harsh experiences of adult life destroy what is good in innocence, while also articulating the weaknesses of the innocent perspective (“The Tyger,” for example, attempts to account for real, negative forces in the universe, which innocence fails to confront). These latter poems treat sexual morality in terms of the repressive effects of jealousy, shame, and secrecy, all of which corrupt the ingenuousness of innocent love. With regard to religion, they are less concerned with the character of individual faith than with the institution of the Church, its role in politics, and its effects on society and the individual mind. Experience thus adds a layer to innocence that darkens its hopeful vision while compensating for some of its blindness.The style of the Songs of Innocence and Experience is simple and direct, but the language and the rhythms are painstakingly crafted, and the ideas they explore are often deceptively complex. Many of the poems are narrative in style; others, like “The Sick Rose” and “The Divine Image,” make their arguments through symbolism or by means of abstract concepts. Some of Blake’s favorite rhetorical techniques are personification and the reworking of Biblical symbolism and language. Blake frequently employs the familiar meters of ballads, nursery rhymes, and hymns, applying them to his own, often unorthodox conceptions. This combination of the traditional with the unfamiliar is consonant with Blake’s perpetual interest in reconsidering and reframing the assumptions of human thought and social behavior“The Lamb”SummaryThe poem begins with the question, “Little Lamb, who made thee?” The speaker, a child, asks the lamb about its origins: how it came into being, how it acquired its particular manner of feeding, its “clothing” of wool, its “tender voice.” In the next stanza, the speaker attempts a riddling answer tohis own question: the lamb was made by one who “calls himself a Lamb,” one who resembles in his gentleness both the child and the lamb. The poem ends with the child bestowing a blessing on the lamb.Form“The Lamb” has two stanzas, each containing five rhymed couplets. Repetition in the first and last couplet of each stanza makes these lines into a refrain, and helps to give the poem its song-like quality. The flowing l’s and soft vowel sounds contribute to this effect, and also suggest the bleating of a lamb or the lisping character of a child’s chant.CommentaryThe poem is a child’s song, in the form of a question and answer. The first stanza is rural and descriptive, while the second focuses on abstract spiritual matters and contains explanation and analogy. The child’s question is both naive and profound. The question (“who made thee?”) is a simple one, and yet the child is also tapping into the deep and timeless questions that all human beings have, about their own origins and the nature of creation. The poem’s apostrophic form contributes to the effect of naiveté, since the situation of a child talking to an animal is a believable one, and not simply a literary contrivance. Yet by answering his own question, the child converts it into a rhetorical one, thus counteracting the initial spontaneous sense of the poem. The answer is presented as a puzzle or riddle, and even though it is an easy one—child’s play—this also contributes to an underlying sense of ironic knowingness or artifice in the poem. The child’s answer, however, reveals his confidence in his simple Christian faith and his innocent acceptance of its teachings.The lamb of course symbolizes Jesus. The traditional image of Jesus as a lamb underscores the Christian values of gentleness, meekness, and peace. The image of the child is also associated with Jesus: in the Gospel, Jesus displays a special solicitude for chi ldren, and the Bible’s depiction of Jesus in his childhood shows him as guileless and vulnerable. These are also the characteristics from which the child-speaker approaches the ideas of nature and of God. This poem, like many of the Songs of Innocence, accepts what Blake saw as the more positive aspects of conventional Christian belief. But it does not provide a completely adequate doctrine, because it fails to account for the presence of suffering and evil in the world. The pendant (or companion) poem to this one, found in the Songs of Experience, is “The Tyger”; taken together, the two poems give a perspective on religion that includes the good and clear as well as the terrible and inscrutable. These poems complement each other to produce a fuller account than either offers independently. They offer a good instance of how Blake himself stands somewhere outside the perspectives of innocence and experience he projects.。
英国文学 William Blake
o Favorite brother Robert died and came back to William in a vision to teach him an engraving technique
o Saw visions until his death; on his deathbed, burst into song about the things he saw in Heaven
“I must create a system or be enslaved by another man’s.”
Illustrated most of his poems as well as those of other writers • Printed most of his poetry himself
o Why is there evil? o Why do evil people sometimes prosper? o Why do the innocent suffer?
Blake Bibliography
Poetical Sketches (1783) All Religions Are One (1788) There Is No Natural Religion (1788) Songs of Innocence (1789) The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790) Visions of the Daughters of Albion (1793) America, a Prophecy (1793) For Children: The Gates of Paradise (1793) Europe, a Prophecy (1794) Songs of Experience (1794) The First Book of Urizen (1794) The Song of Los (1795) The Book of Ahania (1795) The Book of Los (1795) For the Sexes: The Gates of Paradise (1820)
the echoing green格律
the echoing green格律《The Echoing Green》是一首有关于孩童玩耍的诗歌。
这首诗是威廉·布莱克在1794年写的，是很多作品中的一部分，发表在云雾之曲（The Songs of Innocence and of Experience）中的《童年之歌》（Songs of Innocence）一集。
这首诗带有浓厚的乡土气息，作者以悠扬舒缓的曲调，再现了一个宁静而快乐的世界，歌颂家庭和孩童的无忧无虑的生活。
细心一看，这首诗其实采用了ABAB格律。
例如，第一和第三行都是两个节奏条的结构，压强较轻，而第二和第四行则是三个节奏条的结构，压强较重，这样就构成了稳定而适当的韵律，从而使诗歌具有更好的听觉美感。
首先，这首诗歌探讨的主题主要是孩童的生活，以及他们在如此安宁和友善的环境中成长。
从第一段的叙述中，我们可以得知这是一个春暖花开的季节，孩子们在草坪上奔跑玩耍，唱着欢快的歌曲。
作者通过描绘这样一个场景，来表达他对孩童生活的热爱和关爱。
其次，这首诗中也描写了大人们和孩子之间和谐的互动关系。
具体到诗中，孩子们在“老人们的进退间欢呼雀跃”，这种欢快的场景往往是需要人们一起来共同营造的。
大人们在这个场景中，充当了尤为重要的角色，他们照看着孩子们，保证他们的安全；在孩子们心情愉悦的时候，也给予他们充分的鼓励和支持。
最后，这首诗歌让我们能够真正体会到一种质朴的美。
在如此和平、简单而又温馨的生活场景中，全然没有任何人工的痕迹。
威廉·布莱克这种独特的描写方式，刻画出强烈的情感共鸣，传达出一种乡村生活特有的气息。
总而言之，在“The Echoing Green” 中，作者想要表达的不仅仅是童年的应该是纯真无邪的，更是有关于家庭、孩童和乡村生活的感触。
他通过简单朴素表述的方式，来表达对于那段美好时光的留恋和怀念，给我们留下了对于这些美好回忆的深刻体验。
The Tyger英文赏析
The Tyger and The lamb:In The Tyger Blake points to the contrast between these two animals: the tiger is fierce, active, predatory, while The Lamb is meek, vulnerable and harmless. The reference to the lamb in the penultimate stanza reminds the reader that a tiger and a lamb have been created by the same God, and raises questions about the implications of this. It also invites a contrast between the perspectives of "experience" and "innocence" represented here and in the poem "The Lamb." "The Tyger" consists entirely of unanswered questions, and the poet leaves us to awe at the complexity of creation, the sheer magnitude of God's power, and the inscrutability of divine will. The perspective of experience in this poem involves a sophisticated acknowledgment of what is unexplainable in the universe, presenting evil as the prime example of something that cannot be denied, but will not withstand facile explanation, either. The open awe of "The Tyger" contrasts with the easy confidence, in "The Lamb," of a child's innocent faith in a benevolent universe.Theme:The poem is more about the creator of the tiger than it is about the tiger itself. The poet was at a loss to explain how the same God who made the lamb could make the tiger. So, the theme is : humans are incapable of fully understanding the mind of God and the mystery of his handiwork.Symbolism:Black writing his poems in plain an direct language. He presents his view in visual images rather that abstract ideas. Symbolism in wide range is a distinctive feature of his poetry. The Tyger, included in Songs of Experience, is one of Blake's best-known poems. It seemingly praises the great power of tiger, but what the tiger symbolizes remains disputable: the power of man? Or the revolutionary force? Or the evil? The poem is highly symbolic with a touch of mysticism and it is open to various interpretations. The tiger initially appears as a strikingly sensuous image. However, as the poem progresses, it takes on a symbolic character, and comes to embody the spiritual and moral problem the poem explores: perfectly beautiful and yet perfectly destructive, Blake's tiger becomes the symbolic center for an investigation into the presence of evil in the world. Since the tiger's remarkable nature exists both in physical and moral terms, the speaker's questions about its origin must also encompass both physical and moral dimensions. The poem's series of questions repeatedly ask what sort of physical creative capacity the "fearful symmetry" of the tiger bespeaks; assumedly only a very strong and powerful being could be capable of such a creation.Background:"The Tyger" just might be William Blake’s most famous poem. Published in a collection of poems :Songs of Experience in 1794, Blake wrote "The Tyger" during his more radical period. He wrote most of his major works during this time, often railing against oppressive institutions like the church or the monarchy, or any and all cultural traditions – sexist, racist, or classist – which stifled imagination or passion. The French revolution is a revolution against the feudalism, it has profound effects on the Britain. It brings the thoughts of “liberty”, “equality”, “fraternity” to the English. After the industrial revolution, the contradictions of the British social class becomes more serious. People found that theindustry and technology just brought them with pain instead of happiness. So more and more people became disappointed about the society. That’s why William Blake has changed his writing style during this time.Blake published an earlier collection of poetry: the Songs of Innocence in 1789. Once Songs of Experience came out five years later, the two were always published together. In general, Songs of Innocence contains idyllic poems, many of which deal with childhood and innocence. Idyllic poems have pretty specific qualities: they’re usually positive, sometimes extremely happy or optimistic and innocent. They also often take place in pastoral settings :think countryside; springtime; harmless, cute wildlife; sunsets; babbling brooks; wandering bards; fair maidens, and many times praise one or more of these things as subjects. William Blake published the Songs of Experience in 1794, often railing against oppressive institutions like the church or the monarchy, or any and all cultural traditions – sexist, racist, or classist – which stifled imagination or passion. The Songs of Innocence was published in 1789. In general, Songs of Innocence contains idyllic poems, many of which deal with childhood and innocence. Idyllic poems have pretty specific qualities: they’re usually positive, sometimes extremely happy or optimistic and innocent. They also often take place in pastoral settings :think countryside; springtime; harmless, cute wildlife; sunsets; babbling brooks; wandering bards; fair maidens, and many times praise one or more of these things as subjects. The themes of the two collections are extremely different.The first and last stanzas are identical except the word "could" becomes "dare" in the second iteration. Kazin says to begin to wonder about the tiger, and its nature, can only lead to a daring to wonder about it. Blake achieves great power through the use of alliteration ("frame" and "fearful") combined with imagery, (burning, fire, eyes), and he structures the poem to ring with incessant repetitive questioning, demanding of the creature, "Who made thee?". In the second stanza the focus moves from the tiger, the creation, to the creator – of whom Blakes wonders "What dread hand? & what dread feet?" . "The Tyger" is six stanzas in length, each stanza four lines long. Much of the poem follows the metrical pattern of its first line and can be scanned as trochaic tetrameter catalectic. A number of lines, however—such as line four in the first stanza—fall into iambic tetrameter.The first and last stanzas are identical except the word "could" becomes "dare" in the second iteration. Kazin says to begin to wonder about the tiger, and its nature, can only lead to a daring to wonder about it. Blake achieves great power through the use of alliteration ("frame" and "fearful") combined with imagery, (burning, fire, eyes), and he structures the poem to ring with incessant repetitive questioning, demanding of the creature, "Who made thee?". In the second stanza the focus moves from the tiger, the creation, to the creator – of whom Blakes wonders "What dread hand? & what dread feet?".[1] "The Tyger" is six stanzas in length, each stanza four lines long. Much of the poem follows the metrical pattern of its first line and can be scanned as trochaic tetrameter catalectic. A number of lines, however—such as line four in the first stanza—fall into iambic tetrameter.The Tyger" is the sister poem to "The Lamb" (from "Songs of Innocence"), areflection of similar ideas from a different perspective (Blake's concept of "contraries"),with "The Lamb" bringing attention to innocence. "The Tyger" presents a dualitybetween aesthetic beauty and primal ferocity, and Blake believes that to see one, thehand that created "The Lamb", one must also see the other, the hand that created "TheTyger”. The Songs of Experience were written as a contrary to the "Songs of Innocence" – a central tenet in Blake's philosophy, and central theme in his work The struggle ofhumanity is based on the concept of the contrary nature of things, Blake believed, andthus, to achieve truth one must see the contraries in innocence and experience.Experience is not the face of evil but rather another facet of that which created us. Kazinsays of Blake that, "Never is he more heretical than ... where he glories in the hammerand fire out of which are struck ... the Tyger".[1] Rather than believing in war betweengood and evil or heaven and hell Blake thought each man must first see and then resolvethe contraries of existence and life; in the "The Tyger" he presents a poem of"triumphant human awareness", and "a hymn to pure being", according to Kazin.。
《羔羊》和《老虎》诗评中英文对照(4篇)
此篇为本人亲手收集网络上各种资料汇总的《羔羊》和《老虎》诗评中英文对照威廉布莱克(William Blake,1757-1827)是英国十八、十九世纪的重要诗人。
《天真之歌》和《经验之歌》是布莱克最重要的两个诗作合集。
《天真之歌》象征人类初生状态的天真纯洁,《经验之歌》则描绘了经验状态下的世俗生活。
两组诗的意象多有对立之处,其中最明显也最受人关注的是羔羊与老虎的对立。
这一系列对立的形象象征看人类灵魂的两种对立状态。
在布莱克看来,世界正是在这种矛盾运动中不断地向前发展。
"天真"若不经过"经验"世界的锤炼便无法上升到更高的层次。
"天真"与"经验"之同的问题不仅困扰了布莱克的一生,也存在于几乎全都的人类历史之中,直到现在仍作为一个难以解决的问题摆放在我们面前。
现代人的痛苦正是在"天真"世界中感到压抑、彷徨和迷惑,在"经验"世界里向往单纯、和谐和美好。
如何达到一种全新的"有组织的天真状态",而不仅仅是《天真之歌》中所描绘的简单的纯洁和谐。
这也许应该是我们共同思考的问题。
William Blake (William Blake ,1757-1827) is a British eighteenth and nineteenth century poet. "Songs of Innocence" and "Songs of Experience" Black is the most important two poetry collections. "Songs of Innocence" symbol of the human newborn state of innocence, "Songs of Experience" depicts a secular life in the experience of the state. The two groups of poetic imagery and more confrontation at one of the most obvious is the paramount concern is the lamb and tiger opposition.The opposing image symbolizes this series see two opposing states of the human soul. In Blake's view, the world is in this contradictory movement continue to move forward. "Naive" if not the temper of the world after the "experience" will not be able to rise to a higher level. "Naive" and "experience" is not only plagued with the problem of Blake's life, there are also among almost all of human history, until now still be placed in front of us as a difficult problem to solve. Of modern pain it is "naive" World feel depressed, anxious and confused, longing for the simple, harmonious and beautiful world of the "experience". How to reach a new "organized the naive state", not just the "Songs of Innocence" depicts the simple pure harmony. This may be our common thinking.-------------------------------------------------------华丽的分割线----------------------------------------------------《羔羊》开篇用轻柔的韵脚对温顺的小羊羔提出询问: Little Lamb.who made thee Dost thou know who made thee作者刻意凸显小羊羔纯洁的毛色、温顺的天性和与世无争的性格。
TheChimneySweeper（songsofinnocence）
The Chimney Sweeper(William Blake, 1789)From Songs of InnocenceWhen my mother died I was very young,And my father sold me while yet my tongueCould scarcely cry ‘ 'weep! 'weep! 'weep! 'weep!’So your chimneys I sweep, and in soot I sleep.There’s litt le Tom Dacre, who cried when his head, That curl'd like a lamb’s back, was shav'd: so I said ‘Hush, Tom! never mind it, for when your head’s bare You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair.’And so he was quiet, and that very night,As Tom was a-sleeping, he had such a sight!—That thousands of sweepers, Dick, Joe, Ned, and Jack, Were all of them lock'd up in coffins of black.And by came an Angel who had a bright key,And he open'd the coffins & set them all free;Then down a green plain leaping, laughing, they run And wash in a river, and shine in the Sun.Then naked & white, all their bags left behind,They rise upon clouds, and sport in the wind;And the Angel told Tom, if he’d be a good boy,He’d have God for his father, & never want joy.And so Tom awoke; and we rose in the dark,And got with our bags & our brushes to work.Tho' the morning was cold, Tom was happy & warm;So if all do their duty, they need not fear harm.。
Analysis of The Chimney Sweeper
Analysis of The Chimney Sweeperby William Blake奚彦超二班3号20081115610034Analysis of The Chimney SweeperWilliam Blake wrote "The Chimney Sweeper" of "Songs of Innocence" in 1789. In the next to last line of the first stanza, the cry "'weep! 'weep! 'weep! 'weep!" is the child's attempt at saying "Sweep! Sweep!," which was the chimney sweeper's street cry. This poem shows that the children have a very positive outlook on life. They make the best of their lives and do not fear death.This is quite the opposite in it's companion poem in "Songs of Experience" which was written in 1794. In this poem, the child blames his parents for putting him in the position he was in. He is miserable in his situation and he also blames "God & his Priest & King". This point of view is different from that of its companion poem because the chimney sweeper has been influenced by society and has an "experienced" point of view.The poem “The Chimney Sweeper,” in both Songs of Innocence, protests the living conditions, working conditions, and the overall treatment of young chimney sweeps in the cities of England. Martin Nurmi discusses the plight of the chimney sweep extensively in his essay “Fact and Symbol in …The Chimney Sweeper.‟” In 1788, there was an attempt to pass an act to improve the treatment and working conditions of these young children. This would have made many people, including Blake, aware of the lives that these chimney sweeps would live. For instance, they slept in cellars on bags of the soot that they had swept (Nurmi 17), and they were poorly fed and clothed. They would sweep the chimneys naked so their masters would not have to replace clothing that would have been ruined in the chimneys, and they were rarely bathed. Those who were not killed by fires in chimneys usually died early anyway of either respiratory problems or cancer of the scrotum. Sweeping chimneys also left children with ankles and spines deformed and twisted kneecaps from climbing up chimneys that were about nine inches in diameter (Nurmi 16). Many people viewed them as subhuman creatures and not a part of human society.In Songs of Innocence, Blake features in “The Chimney Sweeper” innocence represented by the speaker (the slightly older chimney sweep), Tom, and all the other sweeps. This innocence is exploited and oppressed, and those who are being exploited are unaware of the oppression. The narrator is a chimney sweep whose mother died and was sold by his father at a very young age, as implied by the lines “And my father sold me while my tongue / could scarcely cry …weep weep weep weep!‟” (2-3). The phrase “in soot I sleep” (4), refers to the living conditions of the sweeps. The poem goes on to talk about Tom Dacre and his dream, an important part of the poem. He dreams of the other chimney sweepers being locked in black coffins, symbolic of the lives that the sweeps lived, being poor outcasts in society and having stained unwashed skin and often disfigured bodies. The angel opening the coffins and freeing the sweeps shows the freeing of Tom and other sweeps from the oppressive lifestyle. The reference to being white and the bags being left behind represents a complete escape from this oppression including the soot stained skin and the bags of tools and soot which they carried by day and on which they slept at night. One may also interpret this dream as the coffins representing their literal deaths, andthe chimney sweeps are not free from the oppression until the afterlife. When the angel tells Tom that “if he‟d be a good boy, / He‟d have God for his father and nev er want joy” (19-20), he gives Tom hope that if he is good and does his job, God will be his father and bless him in the next life. The poem concludes with the narrator and his firm belief that if they are obedient and do their duty, all will be well. This last idea expressed emphasizes that he is in the state of innocence and is unaware that he is a victim.For these poems, an understanding of the ideas of one poem, as well as the ideas that it lacks, illuminates the other poem. This gives the reader a different interpretation of the poem than if one of these “The Chimney Sweeper” poems would be read alone. For instance, in Songs of Innocence, the chimney sweeps are offered hope by the outcome of Tom Dacre‟s dream. The narrator offers comfort that no harm or punishment will come to those who obey. Also, Tom is used to illustrate another point. He is originally frightened but later feels “happy and warm” (23), showing that one can experience a certain degree of happiness in the even in the worst of circumstances. These ideas of hope and happiness place further emphasis on the bitterness of the chimney sweep in Songs of Experience. He understands his circumstances and sees no hope of freedom from his oppression. Instead of believing that obedience will prevent punishment, he perceives his current circumstance as a punishment for being happy with his childhood. Also, he does not seem to endorse the Christian idea of having joy in the midst of adversity; he sees little if any reason to be happy in his miserable predicament. In fact, the God that his parents praise seems as cruel as others who allow children to be mistreated in such a way. These examples illustrate how an understanding of the themes of “The Chimney Sweeper” in Songs of Innocence can further illuminate the some of the ideas in Songs of Experience.However, in Songs of Experience, many of the ideas are more realistic in some ways. The chimney sweeper understands that he has been placed in a situation where he is isolated from society and will almost certainly die young because of the hazards of his profession. He mentions established institutions such as the Church of England and the government in the same line with his mother and father, who think they have done no harm. These institutions could have used their power to improve life for the chimney sweeps, but they have made little if any effort to do so. The understanding that this particular sweep possess emphasizes the naivete of the speaker in “The Chimney Sweeper” of Innocence, who believes that e verything will be fine if he is obedient even though his obedience will eventually cost him his own life. The naive child is more accepting of his circumstances, and the narrator himself does not seem to see anyone as being at fault but whose faith in God is a constant source of hope.This example of the “Chimney Sweeper” poems in Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience illustrates William Blake‟s view that neither naive innocence nor bitter experience is completely accurate. There is a higher state of understanding that includes both innocence and experience. Both are need to complete one another to form the more accurate view. In this case, it is an expression on the poet‟s view of the political issue dealing with chimney sweeps that dominates both poems. Although the viewpoints of each poem are different, both show plight of the majority of the chimney sweepers in the cities of England, and while one endorses hope and the other bitterness, the reader must acknowledge that something needs to be done to improve life for these children."Blake's poetry has the unpleasantness of great poetry," says T.S. Eliot (who has a way ofparodying himself even while making wise observations). The truth in Eliot's remark, for me, has to do not simply with Blake's indictment of conventional churches, governments, artists but with his general, metaphysical defiance toward customary ways of understanding the universe.The "unpleasantness of great poetry," as exemplified by Blake, is rooted in a seductively beautiful process of unbalancing and disrupting. Great poetry gives us elaborately attractive constructions of architecture or music or landscape—while preventing us from settling comfortably into this new and engaging structure, cadence, or terrain. In his Songs of Innocence and Experience, shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul, Blake achieves a binary, deceptively simple version of that splendid "unpleasantness."In particular, the two poems both titled "The Chimney Sweeper" offer eloquent examples of Blake's unsettling art. (One "Chimney Sweeper" poem comes from the Songs of Innocence; the other, from the Songs of Experience.) I can think to myself that the poem in Songs of Innocence is more powerful than the one in Songs of Experience, because the Innocence characters—both the "I" who speaks and "little Tom Dacre"—provide, in their heartbreaking extremes of acceptance, the more devastating indictment of social and economic arrangements that sell and buy children, sending them to do crippling, fatal labor.By that light, the Experience poem entitled "The Chimney Sweeper," explicit and accusatory, can seem a lesser work of art. The Innocence poem is implicit and ironic. Its delusional or deceptive Angel with a bright key exposes religion as exploiting the credulous children, rather than protecting them or rescuing them. The profoundly, utterly "innocent" speaker provides a subversive drama.Does the naked, declarative quality of the Experience poem sharpen my understanding of the Innocence poem? Does the pairing hold back or forbid my understanding's tendency to become self-congratulatory or pleasantly resolved? It is in the nature of William Blake's genius to make such questions not just literary but moral.Reference"William Blake Page", The Arkansas School for Mathematics, Sciences, & the Arts /。
William_Blake_the chimney sweeper 译文及解析[优质ppt]
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Songs of Experience (1794)
A much mature work Show the sufferings of the
miserable It marks the poet’s progress in
his outlook on life. To him, experience had brought a fuller sense of the power of evil, and of the great misery and pain of the people’s life.
the chimney sweeper's street cry. Weep : cry）
Where are thy father & mother? say? “告诉我，你的父母在哪里？”
They are both gone up to the church to pray. 他们都去了教堂祷告上帝.
?becauseiwashappyupontheheath因为我喜欢在荒野上嬉戏andsmildamongthewinterssnow在冬天的大雪中也满脸笑意theyclothedmeintheclothesofdeath他们就给我穿上丧衣andtaughtmetosingthenotesofwoe
A little black thing among the snow 一个满身污垢的小小身影站在大雪里，
Crying weep, weep, in notes of woe! “扫烟囱！扫烟囱！”他的叫声悲戚！ （the child's attempt at saying "Sweep! Sweep!," which was
William_Blake
A happy and innocent world without evils and sufferings
SSweeper
The Sick Rose The Tyger Ah! Sun-Flower (at
wikisource) The Lily London A Poison Tree
Songs of Innocence(1789)
The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790): his first prophetical预言的work and most important prose work; explore the relationship of the contraries
Songs of Experience (1794): present a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone
The Chimney Sweeper
❖ The Chimney Sweeper is the title of two poems by William Blake, published in Songs of Innocence in 1789 and Songs of Experience in 1794.In the earlier poem, a young chimney sweeper recounts a dream had by one of his fellows, in which an angel rescues the boys from coffins and takes them to a sunny meadow; in the later poem, an apparently adult speaker encounters a child chimney sweeper abandoned in the snow while his parents are at church.
songs of innocence and of experience
songs of innocence and of experience 这组标题，是英国诗人威廉布莱克的、脍炙人口的诗集《gs of Innocence and of Experience》的名字。
诗歌中描绘出当时社会结构的欢乐与苦楚，人们在完成从幼稚到智慧的过渡过程时会遇到的各种困境。
这本诗集探讨了关于觉醒、社会不平等、意识形态抗争、成长和蜕变等主题。
自古以来，人们就一直梦想着将来有一天，他们可以充满智慧，并体会经历的乐趣。
但实际上，一个人能有什么智慧，是要经历挫折和挑战的。
在这样的情况下，人们从幼稚无知到智慧，也就像那个外表无瑕的心灵，从纯真、天真的感受中，逐渐体会了更多人生经历，如悲喜、失意、欢乐、忧伤等一系列情感。
如果一个人没有经历过丰富多彩的社会生活，他很可能就将永远留在尘世的幻影中，永远也不会有所成长。
由此可见，体会经历的智慧，就是从无知到智慧的这一过程，往往需要一段漫长的旅程，来实现人生的价值和价值观的真正转变。
然而，在这个过程中，总会有许多艰辛，有些人会失去自己所拥有的一切，有些人则会走上一段坎坷不平的道路，而在这期间，他们也可能渐渐地失去内心与真实感受之间的关联，变得疏离与消极。
另一方面，一些人则拥有勇气，经历过不同的磨难，最终获得了有价值的成长和精神觉醒。
因此，体会经历的智慧不仅是一种智力，也是一种精神上的状态。
故事中撩起了无尽的意义，关于从容忘却而又执着的生命，以及体会经历的智慧等，这些都是去体验生活最好的方式。
我们可以以勇气与智慧，去面对生活中的一切，从而练就更强的信念，拥有更美好的未来。
我们可以通过自我发展，让我们的思想、心理及物质上走向更高的层次。
对于每一位踏上经历之旅的人来说，智慧不仅是学习、观察、实践以及灵活思考所收获的结果，它还是一种在生命本体中生长的智慧，也是一种直接体验生活的能力，能够帮助人们深入自我体会，从而达到自然的状态。
因此，体会经历的智慧，也就是成长之路上所收获的智慧，对于我们来说，也是不可或缺的，它可以帮助我们看得更清楚，看到更多，最终找到一条能走得更远的路。
英文诗歌分析全文Lamb、tyger、rose
The lamb1 "The Lamb" is a poem by William Blake, published in Songs of Innocence in 1789. Like many of Blake's works, the poem is about Christianity. The whole collection is pervaded with a breath of simplicity and fancy.Poetic structure1rhyme scheme: AA BB CC DD AA AA EF GG FE AA“The Lamb” has two stanzas, each containing five rhymed couplets.2 The layout is set up by two stanzas with the refrain: "Little Lamb who made thee? Dost thou know who made thee?"In the first stanza, the speaker wonders who the lamb's creator is; the answer lies at the end of the poem. Here we find a physical description of the lamb, seen as a pure and gentle creature. In the second stanza, the lamb is compared with the infant Jesus, as well as between the lamb and the speaker's soul. In the last two lines the speaker identifies the creator: God.Rhetorical devices1 The poem begins with the question, “Little Lamb, who made thee?” The speaker, a child, asks the lamb about its origins: how it came into being, how it acquired its particular manner of feeding, its “clothing” of wool, its “tender voice.”2 In the next stanza, the speaker attempts a riddling answer to his own question: the lamb was made by one who “calls himself a Lamb,” one who resembles in his gentleness both the child and the lamb.Repetition in the first and last couplet of each stanza makes these lines into a refrain, and helps to give the poem its song-like quality. The flowing soft vowel sounds contribute to this effect, and also suggest th e bleating of a lamb or the lisping character of a child’s chant.Theme1 The lamb is a common metaphor for Jesus Christ, who is also called the "The Lamb of God"2 Blake in the songs of innocence，with childish life's point of view，shows a full of love and kindness, compassion and happy world. The poem has just 20 lines, but depicts the character of gentleness vividly.3 The poet’s description about the lamb’s kindness and gentleness, aims to express their feeling of life and nature, and the yearning for the universe and harmonious understanding.4 He not only sings praise of gentle lamb, but also the mystical power that can create the lamb. Here the God, Jesus and the Lamb are just the one thing.The TygerTyger! ︳Tyger! ︳burning ︳ brightIn the ︳ forests ︳of the ︳night,What im ︳mortal ︳hand or ︳eyeCould ︳frame thy ︳ fearful ︳symmetry?Analysis: In the this verse, the author compares the fierceness of a tiger to a burning presence in dark forests. He wonders what immortal power could create such a fearful beast.*Line 1 is an example of synecdoche(提喻), a literary device used when a part represents the whole or the whole represents a part. In line 1 "Tyger! Tyger! burning bright" alludes to the predator's eyes.In what ︳ distant ︳deeps or ︳skiesBurnt the ︳ fire of ︳ thine eyes?On what ︳wings dare ︳he as ︳pireWhat the ︳hand, dare ︳seize the ︳ fire?Analysis: Here the poet compares the burning eyes of the tiger to distant fire that only someone with wings could reach. The poet wonders where such a powerful fire could have comeAnd what ︳shoulder, ︳and what ︳art,Could ︳twist the ︳sinews ︳ of thy ︳ heartAnd when ︳ thy heart ︳began to ︳beat,What dread ︳hand？and ︳what dread ︳ feet?Analysis: In the third stanza we have a metaphor giving us a vision a skillful and powerful blacksmith creating the tiger's beating heart awakening a powerful beast.The phrase “...twist the sinews of thy heart" is also an allusion to a hardheartedness that a beast of prey must have towards the creatures it kills.What the︳ hammer?︳ what the ︳ chain?In what︳ furnace︳ was thy ︳ brain?What the︳ anvil?︳ what dread ︳ graspDare its ︳ deadly ︳ terrors ︳ clasp?Analysis: This verse continues the allusion to a creator, who, having made the fearsome beast, must confront with the sheer terror of a tiger's natureWhen the ︳ stars threw ︳ down their ︳ spears,And wa ︳ter’d hea ︳ven with ︳ their tears,Did he ︳smile his ︳ work to ︳see?Did he ︳ who made ︳the Lamb ︳make thee?Analysis: In the fifth stanza,the author, with beautiful rhetoric (personification),describes a marvelous creation process likening starlight to a symbolic destructive process.The author wonders whether the creator of the fierce and predatory tiger could make the docile, gentle lamb. He sees a conflict between the creation of heartless, burning predator and its potential victim, the lamb.Tyger! ︳Tyger! ︳burning ︳brightIn the ︳ forests ︳of the ︳ nightWhat im ︳mortal ︳hand or ︳eyeDare ︳ frame thy ︳fearful ︳symmetry?Analysis: The final verse is but a reprise, almost a chorus. It serves the purpose of repeating the wondrous question of the tiger's creation and gives the reader another chance to enjoy the rhetorical and already answered question, "What immortal hand or eye?"The answer lies in the reader's interpretation of creation: Did God create the fearsome along with the gentle? Why does He allow the tiger to burn in the dark forest, while the lamb gambols in the glen under the stars of that very creation? The author leaves it up to the reader to decide. The important thing is the question, not the answer.Background information: The Tyger" is a poem by the English poet William Blake. It was published as part of his collection Songs of Experience in 1794. The Cambridge Companion to William Blake (2003) calls it "the most anthologized poem in English."解析题目：His choice of "tyger" has usually been interpreted as being for effect, perhaps to render an "exotic or alien quality of the beast", or because it's not really about a "tiger" at all, but a metaphor.The Meter: trochee tetrameter. (the poem is in trochaic tetrameter)The poem is comprised of six quatrains (A quatrain is a four-line stanza) in rhymed couplets. The Rhyme Scheme：aa bb with a near rhyme(近似韵)ending the first and last stanzas, drawing attention to the tiger's "fearful symmetry."Rhetorical devices1 Repetition of "Tyger" in line 1, "dare" in lines 7 & 8, "heart" in lines 10 & 11, "what" in lines12, 13, & 15, "Did he" in lines 19-20, and several repeats in stanzas 1 &2 establish the poem's nursery rhyme like rhythm.2Alliteration in "The Tyger" abounds and helps create a sing-song rhythm. Examples include the following:"b urning b right" (1) "f rame thy f earful (4) "d istant d eeps" (5) "w hat w ings" (7) "b egan to b eat" (11) "d are its d eadly" (16) "h e wh o" (20)3 Symbolism：(1) the tiger represents the dangers of mortality; (powerful force with terror, mystery and violence eg: fearful symmetry, dread hand, obscure in symbolic meaning)(2)the fire imagery symbolizes trials(3) the forest of the night represents unknown realms or challenges;(4) the blacksmith represents the Creator;(5) the fearful symmetry symbolizes the existence of both good and evil, the knowledge that there is opposition in all things, a rather fearful symmetry indeed.* SymbolsThe Lamb: GodDistant Deeps: HellThe Tiger: Evil (or Satan)Skies: Heaven4Metaphor: Compare the tiger’s eyes to fire.5 Anaphora: Repetition of what at the beginning of sentences or clauses. (首语重复法) Example: What dread hand and what dread feet? / What the hammer? what the chain?ThemeThe poem is more about the creator of the tiger than it is about the tiger itself. The poet was at a loss to explain how the same God who made the lamb could make the tiger. So, the theme is: humans are incapable of fully understanding the mind of God and the mystery of his handiwork.COMPARISON between the lamb and the tyger1 "The Tyger" is the sister poem to “The Lamb" “Songs of Innocence”, a reflection of similar ideas from a different perspective, but it focuses more on goodness than evil.2 Both are creation poems3 Structure of the “The Lamb” is more obviously singular when compared with the complexity of “The Tiger,” whose complexity is achieved through layered questions without answers, while the Lamb poses a simple, singular question and then directly answers it.The sick roseO Rose, thou art sick. 啊玫瑰你病了The invisible worm 那看不见的虫That flies in the night 在夜里飞翔In the howling storm 在呼啸的暴风雨中Has found out thy bed 发现了你深红色Of crimson joy, 快活的床And his dark secret love 他黑色的秘恋Does thy life destroy. 摧毁了你我的生命Analysisrhyme scheme: abcb (2 quatrains or 2 stanzas)images: rose, worm, storm, bed1 Line 1: The form of address—"O rose"—is called an apostrophe. The rose here could be a metaphor for love or passion2 Line 2-3: "Invisible" might be a metaphor for the worm's quiet act of destruction.3 Line 4: The speaker mentions a "howling storm," which gives the poem a more ominous tone. "Howling" reminds us of dogs or wolves; the sounds of those animals are here a metaphor for the storm4 Line 5-6: "Bed" might refer to a plot of ground in which the rose is growing, which it's not a literal bed with pillows, but a metaphor for the plot of ground. Or bed can refer to the rose's petals, which is a place where insects rest or sleep. In addition, the worm manages to worm his way into the rose's bed, which suggests some kind of sexual act.5 Lines 7-8: The speaker describes how the worm "destroys" the rose with his "dark secret love." It is an example of personification, where human characteristics or emotions (love) are attributed to non-human things (namely the worm).The Rose The rose exists as a beautiful object that has become infected by a worm; also as aliterary rose, the conventional symbol of love. It symbolizes innocence, nature and even pre-industrial England fall under this more encompassing category. The speaker opens by apostrophizing the rose, immediately setting a tone of despair that is intensified by the epithet of “sick”. The rose resides in a “bed”, which is a pun denoting both a flower bed and a human one. The sexual undertones are elevated by the evocation of “crimson joy”, which is almost paradox as the said color is distinctly sinister, often used to describe the appearance of blood and therefore tying into the poem’s suggestions of death. A literal death is not suggested, however, but a figurative one, as the rose's life is irreparably "destroy[ed]"The Worm The worm, meanwhile, symbolizes the destruction of this unspoiled state, its appearance evoking biblical images of the serpent in Eden. Worms are usually earthbound, and symbolize death and decay, therefore suggesting that it symbolizes something more sinister than death - in this case, the fall of mankind. The “bed” into which the worm creeps denotes both the nat ural flowerbed and also the lovers’ bed. The rose is sick, and the poem implies that love is sick as well, and it can also refer to the moral corruption. The “crimson joy” and the “dark secret love” imply both sexual pleasure and shame, which Blake thought was perverted and unhealthy.。
William-Blake英
W i l l i a m B l a k eS t a t u s●Literarily Blake was a Pre-Romantic or a forerunner of the Romanticpoetry of the 19th century, showing contempt for the rule of reason,opposing the classical tradition of the 18th century, and treasuring the individual‟s imagination.●Politically Blake was a rebel, making friends with those radicals. Hestrongly criticized the capitalists‟ cruel exploitation. He cherished great expectations and enthusiasm for the French Revolution. He once said that the “dark satanic mills left men unemployed, killed children and forced prostitution”.L i f e S t o r yWilliam Blake was born in a business family in London in 1757. He educated himself through self-study. When he was 14, he was apprenticed to be an engraver and then made his living by engraving to illustrate the works for various publishers. He wrote romantic poems and supported the French Revolution. In his old age Blake gave up poetry to devote himself to painting and engraving. In 1827, Blake died in poverty and loneliness.P o e t i c a l S k e t c h e s●Blake‟s first collection of poems is named Poetical Sketches, in which he was strongly opposed to the classical tradition in poetry composing of the 18th century not only in form but also in content. Poetical Sketches is a collection of lyrical poems, which are highly musical, and some of them sound like anvil music, rhythmic, short and brief. (An anvil is a large heavy block of iron on which a smith hammers heated metal into shape. )C o l l e c t i o n s o f B l a k e’s S h o r t L y r i c sS o n g s o f I n n o c e n c e●Songs of Innocence contains poems obviously written for children, who are usuallyconsidered naive and innocent. By using the language which even little babies can learn, Blake succeeds in describing the happy condition of a child before it knows anything about the pains of existence, or we can say, before it gets any experiences of life. Here everything seems to be in harmony. However, in some of the poems, we can also find racial discrimination and suffering.S o n g s o f E x p e r i e n c eIn Songs of Experience, a piece of much more mature work, the atmosphere is no longer sunny but sad and gloomy. Evil is found everywhere in this world. The poet describes pictures of poverty and misery and shows the sufferings of the miserable. He implies the poor should save themselves through passionate rebellion, through revolution. Now he has set himself against the capitalist world.T h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n o f t h e t w o c o l l e c t i o n s●Many poems in the two collections contradict each other. They have the same title in the two books, but are opposite in meanings. The contrast is of great significance. It marks a progress in the poet‟s outlook on life.●For example, in both collections there‟re poems entitled The Chimney Sweeper, but the tone and atmosphere are entirely different.●The chimney sweeper in Songs of Innocence is really innocent. He works very hard but earns little, however, he does not pay any attention to that. He forgets his misery because he is told God will come to him and promises him that “He‟d have God for his father and never lack joy.” In Songs of Experience, the chimney sweeper is no longer innocent but experienced. He is quite conscious of his miserable living condition and the causes. Now he curses at God and priests and the king who made up a heaven of their misery.T h e C h i m n e y S w e e p e rA little black thing among the snowCrying “…weep! …weep!” in notes of woe!“Where are thy father and mother? say?”“They are both gone up to the church to pray.”Because I was happy upon the heath,And smil‟d among the winter‟s snow;They cloth‟d me in the clothes of death,And taught me to sing the notes of woe.“And because I am happy and dance and singThey think they have done me no injury,And are gone to praise God and his Priest and King,Who make up a heaven of our misery.”扫烟囱的孩子风雪里一个满身乌黑的小东西“扫呀，扫呀”在那里哭哭啼啼！“你的爹娘上哪儿去了，你讲讲？”“他们呀都去祷告了，上了教堂。
William Blake- The Chimney Sweeper(The Song of Innocence)
The Chimney Sweeper is the title of two poems by William Blake, published in Songs of Innocence in 1789 and Songs of Experience in 1794. Today, I'm here to present on the Songs of Innocence.William Blake was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. He was unrecognized during his lifetime and now he is considered as a seminal figure in the history of both the poetry and visual arts of the romantic age. His poems were full of romantic spirit, imagery symbolism and revolutionary spirit. Here are two of his quotes.The chimney sweeper was a very serious social issue in 18th century in England. They slept in cellars on bags of the soot that they had swept, and they were poorly fed and clothed. Y oung sweepers who were not killed by fires in chimneys usually died early anyway of respiratory problems. Sweeping chimneys also left children with ankles and spines deformed and twisted kneecaps. Many people viewed them as subhuman creatures and not a part of human society. William wrote the poem to protest the living conditions, working conditions, and the overall treatment of young chimney sweeps in the cities of England.The first stanza tells the narrator's life story: sold or abandoned by parents, working in dark chimney and sleeping in dark, dirty soot. And probably it's the reflection of all the little chimney sweepers' life story. In the third line, the cry "'weep! 'weep! 'weep! 'weep!" is actually the child's attempt at saying "Sweep! Sweep! Sweep!", which was the chimney sweeper's street cry. The use of the partial tone creates an ironic effect. It makes readers pity and feel that the chimney children are weeping for their living and working conditions.The poem goes on to talk about Tom Dacre, one of the narrator's fellows in the second and third stanzas. The second stanza introduces Tom Dacre, who acts as a foil to the speaker. Tom is upset about his lot in life, then the narrator comforts little Tom, shaving his curl white hair and getting bare, so that he needn't worry that his hair would get spoiled until Tom falls asleep. Here Tom's family name "Dacre" is a homophone for the word "dark". I think the author has some implication here. It indicates the darkness of chimney sweepers' working and living condition. He dreams of the other chimney sweepers being locked in black coffins, symbolic of sweepers' lives, being poor outcasts in society and having stained unwashed skin and often disfigured bodies.In next three stanzas, the poem describes Tom's dream. He dream of an angel opening the coffins and freeing the sweepers. It shows the freeing of Tom and other sweeps from the oppressive lifestyle. The reference to being white and the bags being left behind represents a complete escape from this oppression including the soot stained skin and the bags of tools and soot which they carried by day and on which they slept at night.And there's another interpretation of this dream. And I think it makes sense. Itinterpret the dream as the coffins representing their literal deaths, and the chimney sweepers can only get freed from the oppression until their afterlife.When the angel tells Tom that “if he’d be a good boy, He’d have God for his father and never want joy”, he gives Tom hope that if he is good and does his job, God will be his father and bless him in the next life.Beside the image of the Angel is quite ironic too. The bright angel with a bright key exposes religion as exploiting the credulous children, rather than protecting them or rescuing them.To conclude, in this poem, the chimney sweepers are offered hope by the outcome of Tom Dacre’s dream. The narrator offers comfort that if they are obedient and do their duty, all will be well. Also, Tom is used to illustrate another point. He is originally frightened but later feels “happy and warm”, showin g that he is in the state of innocence and is unaware that he is a victim.。
Auguries of innocence天真
The minute you think of giving up think of the reason why you hold on here.
Details decide whether you are a winner or not while attitudes decide everything
Thank you
Auguries of Innocence
——William 57-1827） William Blake was one of the great lyric poets. Blake's early work was written in a classical style. Later he used the romantic style made popular by Wordsworth and Coleridge. Blake was born in London and educated at Henry Pars Drawing School. After becoming established as a graphic designer and drawing tutor, he opened a print shop in London in 1784. He lived in Sussex from 1800 to 1803, during which time he was charged with high treason but acquitted. He returned to London and staged a rather unsuccessful show of his artistic work in 1809, after which he went into obscurity and became a mystic. As a supporter of the French Revolution, he openly criticized the social evils that he linked with the Industrial Revolution. His work is usually seen in the context of his social, political and religious beliefs. He was not really understood by his peers, but twentieth-century readers appreciate the greatness he achieved in his varied fields of interest.
The Romantic Period (真题答案)
Multiple Choices(200504)1. In his poem “Tyger, Tyger,” William Blake expresses his perception of the “fearful symmetry” of the big cat. The phrase “fearful symmetry” suggests ( )A. the tiger’s two eyes which are dazzlingly bright and symmetrically s etB. the poet’s fear of the predatorC. the analogy of the hammer and the anvilD. the harmony of the two opposite aspects of God’s creation2. “What is his name?”“Bingley.”“Is he married or single?”“Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of la rge fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!”The above dialogue must be taken from ( ).A. Jane Austen’s Pride and PrejudiceB. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering HeightsC. John Galsworthy’s The Forsyte SagaD. George Eliot’s Midd lemarch3. William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following except ( ).A. the using of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC. the humble and rustic life as subject matterD. elegant wording and inflated figures of speech4. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” is an epigrammatic line by（）.A. J. KeatsB. W. BlakeC. W. WordsworthD. P. B. Shelley5. The poems such as “The Chimney Sweeper” are found in both Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience by ( ).A. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. John KeatsD. Lord Gordon Byron(200604)6. In subject matter, William Wordsworth’s poems have two major concerns. One is about nature. The other is about ( ).A. French RevolutionB. literary theoryC. deathD. common life of ordinary people7. Through the character of Elizabeth, Jane Austen emphasizes the importance of ( ) for women.A. marriageB. physical attractivenessC. independence and self-confidenceD. submissive character8. The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is love and marriage. Which of the following is not a couple that appeared in Pride and Prejudice?A. Catherine and HeathcliffB. Lydia and WickhamC. Jane and BinleyD. Charlotte and Collins9. The sentence “three or four families in a country village are the very thing to work on” can best reflect the writer’s personal knowledge and range of writing. This writer is ( ).A. Walter ScottB. Thomas HardyC. Jane EyreD. Jane Austen(200607)10. In contrast to the Enlighteners, Romanticists regarded man as ( ).A. a social animalB. an evil creatureC. an individual with potential qualitiesD. a brutal animal11. “As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.Oh! Lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!”This part of stanza is taken from ( ).A.P.B. Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind”B.G.G. Byron’s “Song for the Luddites”C.S.T. Coleridge’s “Kubla Khan”D.W. Wordsworth’s “The Solitary Reaper”12. It is the publication of ( ) that brought George Gordon Byron fame. Byron himself once commented on it by saying “I awoke one morning and found myself famous.”A. Hours of IdlenessB. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage P193C. Don JuanD. Manfred(200704)13. It is generally regarded that Keats’ s most important and mature poems are in the form of______________.A．ode P217B．elegyC．epic D．sonnet14. Which of the following poems is a landmark in English poetry?A．Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge P175B．“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by William WordsworthC．“Remorse ”by Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD．Leaves of Grass Walt Whitman15. The literary form which is fully developed and the most flourishing during the Romantic Period is______________.A．prose B．dramaC．novel D．poetry(200707)16. Which of the following is taken from John Keats’s “Ode on a Grecian Urn”?A. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind”?B. “For Godsake hold your tongue, and let me love.”C. “Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard/Are sweeter”P220D. “The Child is father of the Man.”17. Of the following poets, which is not regarded as “Lake Poets”?A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert SoutheyC. William WordsworthD. George Gordon Byron P17518. The four great odes of John Keats include the following EXCEPT ______.A. “Ode on Melancholy”B. “Ode on a Grecian Urn”C. “Ode to a Nightingale”D. “Ode to the West Wind”(200804)19. William Blake’s central concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience is_______, which givesthe two books a strong social and historical reference.A．youthhood B．childhoodC．happiness D．sorrow20. “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good for-tune, must be in want of a wife.” The quoted part is taken from ______.A．Jane Eyre B．Wuthering HeightsC．Pride and Prejudice D．Sense and Sensibility21. Because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior, ______ has brought the English novel, as an art of form, to its maturity.A．Charlotte Brontë B．Jane AustenC．Emily Brontë D．Ann Radcliffe22. Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama ______, which is an exultant work in praise of humankind’s potential.A．Adonais B．Queen MabC．Prometheus Unbound P208D．A Defence of Poetry23. The assertion that poetry originates from “emotion recollected in tranquility” belongs to ______. A．William Wordsworth B．Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC．Robert Southey D．William Blake24. All of the following poems by William Wordsworth are masterpieces on nature EXCEPT __D____.A．“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”B．“An Evening Walk”C．“Tintern Abbey”D．“The Solitary Reaper”P17725. English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have ended in 1832 with______.A．the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament P157B．the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical BalladsC．the publication of T．S．Eliot’s The waste LandD．the passage of the Bill of Rights in the Parliament(200807)26.The major British Romantic poets Blake,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,Shelley and Keats started a rebellion a gainst the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as _____.A. the poetic romanceB. the poetic movementC. the poetic revolutionD. the poetic reformation?27. Jane Austen’s main literary concern is about ______.A. human beings in their personal relationships P223B. the love story between the rich and the poorC. maturity achieved through the loss of illusionsD. the daily country life of the upper-middle-class English28. Among the following British Romantic poets ______ is regarded as a “worshipper of nature”.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. George Gordon ByronD. John Keats29. All of the following poets are regarded as “Lake Poets” EXCEPT _D_____.A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert SoutheyC. William WordsworthD. William Blake30. The declaration that “I know that This World is a World of IMAGINATION & Vision，” and that “The Nat ure of my work is visionary or imaginative’’ belongs to ______.A. William Blake P170B. William WordsworthC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. George Gordon Byron31. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?’’ The quoted line comes from ______.A. Shelley’s“Ode to the West Wind’’B. Walt Whitman’s Leaves of GrassC. John Milton’s Paradise LostD. John Keats’“Ode on a Grecian Urn”(200904)?32. “Byronic hero” is a figure of the following traits EXCEPT ______.A. being proudB. being of humble origin P195C. being rebelliousD. being mysterious(200907)36. The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is_____.A. love and moneyB. money and social statusC. social status and marriageD. love and marriage37. Wordsworth’s_____ is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English literature.A. “To a Skylark”B. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”P177C. “An Evening Walk”D. “My Heart Leaps Up”38. William Blake’s work ______ marks his entry into maturity.A. Songs of ExperienceB. Marriage of Heaven and Hell P169C. Songs of InnocenceD. The Book of Los39. Best of all the Romantic well- known lyric pieces is Shell ey’s_____.A. “The Cloud”B. “To a Skylark”C. “Ode to a Nightingale”D. “Ode to the West Wind”P20740. English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have begun with the publication of Wordsworth and Co leridge’s_____.A. Poetical SketchesB. A Defence of PoetryC. Lyrical BalladsD. The Prelude(201004)41. Shelley’ s political lyrics ______ is not only a war cry calling upon all working people to rise up against their political oppressors, but an address to them pointing out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation.A. “Ode to Liberty”B. “Ode to Naples”C. “Ode to the West Wind”D. “Men of England”42. Jane Austen’ s practical idealism is that love should be justified by ______ and di sciplined by self-control.A. reasonB. senseC. rationalityD. sensibility（容易犯错的，不可靠的）？43. “Where intelligence was fallible, limited, the Imagination was our hope of contact with eternal forces, with the whole spiritual world.” was said by ______.A. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. John Keats44. Because of her sensitivity to universal pattens of human behavior, ______ has brought the English novel, as an art of form, to its maturity.A. Charlotte BronteB. Jane AustenC. Emily BronteD. Henry Fielding45. Poetry is defined by ______ as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility”.A. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. Percy Bysshe ShelleyD. Robert Southey(201007)46. The major theme of Jane Austen's novels is ______ toward which she holds on a practical idealism.A. love and moneyB. marriage and moneyC. love and familyD. love and marriage47. In ______ , Shelley created a Platonic symbol of the spirit of man, a force of beauty and regeneration.A. "To a Skylark"B. "The Cloud"C. "Ode to Liberty"D. Adonais48. Wordsworth's ______ is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English literature.A. "To a Skylark"B. "I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud"C. "An Evening Walk"D. "My Heart Leaps Up"49. The major representatives of the poetic revolution in English Romantic period were Samuel Taylor Coleridge and ______.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. John KeatsD. Percy Bysshe Shelley50. The declaration that "I know that This World is a World of IMAGINATION & Vision," and that "The Nature of my work is visionary or imaginative" belongs to ______.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. George Gordon Byron(201104)51. One of Shelley’ s greatest political lyrics is ________, which was later to become a rallying song of the British Communist Party.A. “Ode to Liberty”B. “Ode to Naples”C. “Sonnet: England in 1819”D. “Men of England”52. Jane Austen’ s first novel ________ tells a story about two sisters and their love affairs.A. Sense and SensibilityB. Pride and PrejudiceC. Northanger AbbeyD. Mansfield Park53. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” the quoted line comes from ________.A. Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind”B. Walt Whitman’ s Leaves of GrassC. John Milton’s Paradise LostD. John Keats’“ Ode on a Grecian Urn”54. All of the following poems by William Wordsworth are masterpieces on nature EXCEPT________.A. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”B. “An Evening Walk”C. “Tinter Abbey”D. “The Solitary Reaper”55. William Blake’s ________ marks his entry into maturity.A. Poetical SketchesB. Songs of InnocenceC. Marriage of Heaven and HellD. Songs of Experience56. The work ________ by William Blake is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy world, though not without its evils and sufferings.A. Songs of InnocenceB. Songs of ExperienceC. Poetical SketchesD. Lyrical Ballads(201107)57. Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four - act poetic drama ____________ , which is an ex- ultant work in praise of humankind’s potential.A. AdonaisB. Queen MabC. Prometheus UnboundD. Kubla Khan58. Among the Romantic poets ____________ is regarded as a “worshipper of nature”.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. George Gordon ByronD. John Keats59. The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is____________.A. love and moneyB. money and social statusC. social status and marriageD. love and marriage60. According to the subjects, William Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two gr oups, poems about____________.A. nature and human lifeB. happiness and childhoodC. symbolism and imaginationD. nature and common life？61. William Blake’s ____________ composed during the climax of the French Revolution playsthe double role both as a satire and a revolutionary prophecy.（预言，预言书）A. The Book of UrizenB. The Book of LosC. Poetical SketchesD. Marriage of Heaven and Hell P169Reading Comprehension(200704)1.“For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,they flash upon that inward eye”Questions:A．Identify the author and the title.B．What does the phrase “inward eye” mean?C．Write out the main idea of the passage in plain English.Answer:A.The title of poem is “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,” whose author is William Wordsworth.B.The phrase “inward eye” refers to human soul.C.This passage mainly expresses the poet’s love for the daffodils. The poet thinks that it is a bliss to recollectthe beauty of nature in his mind while he is in solitude.(200807)2.“The river glideth at his own sweet will：Dear God! the very houses seem asleep； And all that mighty heart is lying still!”(from William Wordsworth’s“Composed upon Westminster Bridge”)Questions：A. What figure of speech is used in the quoted lines?B. What does “that mighty heart” refer to?C. What does the poem describe? ？Answer:A.The quoted lines employ personification.B.“That mighty heart” refers to London.C.This poem describes the beauty of London in early morning seeing from the Westminster Bridge.3.“When the stars threw down their spears,And water’d heaven with their tears,Did he smile his work to see?Did he who made the Lamb make thee?”Questions：A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are takenB. Whom does the “he’’ refer to?C. What does the “Lamb” symbolize? ？Answer:A.This title of this poem is “The Tyger” written by William Blake.B.The word “he” refers to the God, the Creator.C.“Lamb” symbolizes peace and purity.4.(200904)“Wherefore feed and clothe and saveFrom the cradle to the graveThose ungrateful drones who wouldDrain your sweat- nay, drink your blood?”Questions:A. Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which the stanza is taken.B. What figure of speech is used in Line 2?C. Whom does “drones” refer to?Answer:A.The title of this poem is “A Song: Men of England” written by Percy Bysshe Shelley.B.Metonymy (转喻) is used in Line 2.C.“Drones” mean the male of the honey-bees that do not work, referring here to the parasitic class inhuman society. ？5.(200907)“Behold her, single in the field,Yon solitary Highland lass!Reaping and singing by herself;Stop here, or gently pass!Alone she cuts and binds the grain,And sings a melancholy strain;O listen! For the Vale profoundIs overflowing with the sound.”Questions:A. Identify the poet.B. What’s the rhyme scheme fo r the stanza?C. What’s the theme of the poem?Answer:A.The author of this poem is William Wordsworth.B.It is an iambic verse. The rhyme scheme for this stanza is ababccdd.C.This poem uses the rural figure – the “Highland lass” to suggest the timeless mystery of sorrowfulhumanity and its radiant beauty. ？6.(201004)“Wherefore, Bees of England, forgeMany a weapon, chain, and scourge,That these stingless drones may spoilThe forced produce of your toil?”Questions:A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the lines are taken.B. What do you know about the poem’ s writing background?C. What do you think the poet intends to say in the poem?Answer:A.It’s Percy Bysshe Shelley’s “A Song: Men of England”.B.This poem was written in 1819, the year of the Peterloo Massacre.C.The poet intends to call upon all working people of England to rise up against their political oppressors,while pointing out to them the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation. ？7.(201007)"Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay,And saw in sleep old palaces and towersQuivering within the wave's intenser day,All overgrown with azure moss and flowersSo sweet, the sense faints picturing them! ThouFor whose path the Atlantic's level powers"(From Shelley's" Ode to the West Wind")Questions:A. In what form is the poem written?B. What does the quotation" the sense faints picturing them" mean?C. What idea does Shelley express in this poem?Answer:A.The poem is written in the terza rima form, deriving from Shelley’s reading of Dante.B.It means that seeing the images so beautiful one feel faint to describe them.C.Shelley eulogized the powerful west wind and expressed his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedomfrom the reality.8.(201104)“When the stars threw down their spears,And water’ d heaven with their tears,Did he smile his work to see?Did he who made the Lamb make thee?”Questions:A. Who’s the poet of the quoted stanza, and what’s the t itle of the poem?B. Whom does the “he” refer to?C. What does the “Lamb” symbolize?Answer:D.This title of this poem is “The Tyger” written by William Blake.E.The word “he” refers to the God, the Creator.F.“Lamb” symbolizes peace and purity.9. (201107)“Never did sun more beautifully steepIn his first splendor, valley, rock or hill;Ne’er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep !The river glideth at his own sweet will:Dear God! The very houses seem asleep;And all that mighty heart is lying still!”(From Wordsworth’s sonnet Composed upon Westminster Bridge)Questions:A. What does this sonnet describe?B. What does the phrase “mighty heart” refer to?C. The sonnet follows strictly the Italian form. What is the feature of the Italian form of sonnet? Answer:A.The sonnet describes a vivid picture of a beautiful morning in London.B.“Mighty heart” refers to London.C.There is a clear division between the octave and the sestet; the rhyme scheme is abbaabba, cdcdcd.Questions and Answers1.(200604) English Romanticism is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworthand Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballad s.Why is Lyrical Ballads considered the milestone to mark the beginning of English Romanticism? Answer:A.In Lyrical Ballads,Wordsworth and Coleridge explored new theories and innovated new techniques inpoetic writing.B.The preface to the second edition of the Lyrical Ballads acts as a manifesto for the new school andWordsworth sets forth his own critical creed of poetry and poet.C.In this work, Wordsworth employs a different style from his early works, that is, simplicity in language,sympathy for the poor, and expressions of inward states of mind.2.(200807) As a leading Romanticist,Byron’s chief contribution is his creation of the “By ronic Hero”.Briefly explain the literary term “Byronic Hero’’. (See the third paragraph on Page 195 and the first paragraph on Page196).3.(200907)What’s the literary style of Shelley as a Romantic poet?Answer:A.Shelley expressed his love for freedom and his hatred toward tyranny in several of his lyrics.B.Shelley is regarded by many critics as one of the greatest of all English poets.C.See the second paragraph on page 209.4.(201004) Briefly introduce Blake’ s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.Answer:A.Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though notwithout its evils and sufferings.B.Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with amelancholy tone.C.Childhood is central to Blake’s concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.Topic Discussion1.(200504) Elizabeth Bennet, the heroine in Pride and Prejudice, is often regarded as the most successfulcharacter created by Jane Austen. M ake a brief comment on Elizabeth’s character.Answer:A. Elizabeth is clever，alert，observant．She is more observant and less charitable than Jane in recognizing the Characters of Bingley`s sisters．She recognizes Mr．Collins’ character in his letter and after meeting him turns down firmly and With dignity his patronizing proposal．She is able to match wits with Darcy several times and with Colonel Fitzwilliam，earning their respect and admiration．B．Fearless and frank，not rattled by the attack of Lady Catherine de Bourgh，she wins a notable victory, sending her Ladyship away completely routed．She is independent but not infallible in her judgment--taken in by the charm of the worthless Wickham．She cannot be blamed for misjudging Darcy．C．She shows flexibility，discernment，and honesty of mind when she reads Darcy's defense in his letter and admits the justice of mach of what he says．Thus beginning to lose her prejudice against him．She recognizes and values true worth when She encounters it in Jane，the Gardiners，and，near the end of the novel，in Darcy．She sees more clearly than her father the danger of sending Lydia to Brighton．D．She is able to control her emotions at times of stress-when she first encounters Darcy at Pemberley；when she realizes that she loves Darcy and has good reason to fear that She has lost him，She waits without repining for time to bring a solution．She is witty，fun—loving，recognizes humor in herself and in others，but ridicualing only folly，nonsense，and inconsistencies. She recognizes the follies of her own family and their shortcomings as well as their virtues．E．She is considerate of others but quite capable of asserting herself when occasion demands．She has a playful and unaffected manner，sunny disposition，natural animation，sense of fun，and sweet reasonableness．She is ready to laugh at herself and everything save "What is Wise and good．"She shows a sense of humor by telling what Darcy has said about her at the Meryton ball2.(200604) Under the influence of the leading romantic thinkers life Kant and the Post-Kantians, Romanticistsdemonstrated a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century’s Neoclassicists. Discuss, in relation to the works you know, the difference between Romanticism and Neoclassicism.Answer:A. Neo-classicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity, and thus, literary expressions should be of proporti on, unity, harmony and grace. Pope’s An Essay on Criticism advocates grace, wit, and simplicity in language; Fielding’s Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel; Gray’s Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard displays elegance in style, unified structure, serious tone and moral instruction.B. Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience, including art, and thus, literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,” and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were (Wordsworth’s “I Wandered as a Cloud,’’ or “The Solitary Reaper,” or Coleridge’s “Kubla Khan”), the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes.C. In a word, Neo-classicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individual’s mind (emotion, imagination, temporary experience…) .3.(201007) Please elaborate Wordsworth's theory of poetry, taking examples from the poems you havelearned to support your ideas.Answer:A.Wordsworth defines poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates inemotion recollected in tranquillity”. (Take “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” as an example. See PPT).B.Wordsworth also maintained that the scenes and events of everyday life and the speech of ordinary peoplewere the raw material of which poetry could and should be made. (Take “The Solitary Reaper”as an example. See page 178 & PPT).。
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William Blake’s The Songs of Innocence and Experience
The Songs of Innocence and Experience are masterpieces of English lyric poetry and William Blake's most famous work, presenting two vastly different views of the world: one beautiful and one horrific. This edition contains all of the poems (including the rare early poem, "A Divine Image") and unlike most editions, preserves Blake's idiosyncratic spelling, punctuation, and capitalization system. The poems are presented exactly as Blake intended them. To elucidate Blake's poems, 46 full-page illustrations were created by author and designer Robert Crayola. Each image is rendered in meticulous grayscale, and adds a new level of insight and clarity to the work. Also included are a commentary on the poems and an author biography, making this the definitive edition of this classic work.
William Blake subtitled his Songs of Innocence and Experience 'Shewing Two Contrary States of the Human Soul'. His overall vision of the human condition is one where good and evil exist interdependently and this is an idea reflected in Blake's coloured engravings of the poems, examples of which are included in this collection.This edition has comprehensive notes on the poems and an Approaches section offering commentary and activities on key themes and techniques, such as Blake's political beliefs and the role of imagery within his poetry.
The style of the Songs of Innocence and Experience is simple and direct, but the language and the rhythms are painstakingly crafted, and the ideas they explore are often deceptively complex. The album, William Blake's Songs Of Innocence And Of Experience, is an often seamless marriage between Blake's fluid poetry and Vertunni's arrangements.。