2013英语四级阅读真题长难句解析
2013年6月英语四级考试阅读真题及解析
2013年6月英语四级考试阅读真题及解析2013年上半年的四级考试已结束，以下是对四级阅读的解析及指导，希望能对即将参加四级考试的考生有所帮助。
这次四级仔细阅读考试出题上依旧遵循之前的基本原则：依照原文自然顺序出题、多以考察细节信息的理解为主、喜欢考察转折等重要逻辑现象处的信息、正确选项基本都是原文有明显来源的改写或是替换后的说法、错误选项迷惑性不强。
文章选自《洛杉矶时报》等欧美主流网站，话题与我们日常生活还是比较接近、不难看懂。
文字难度与近两年四级基本相近，但可以看出对考生的单词掌握和阅读长句的能力要求较高。
不过若是之前系统准备近些年四级阅读的同学，对这次四级阅读考试的文章应不会感觉特别吃力。
下面我们对这次四级考试的几篇典型的仔细阅读进行简单的解析，供大家参考和体会。
PassageOneJunk food is everywhere. We’re eating waytoo much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway。
So here's a suggestion offered by tworesearchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol controlpolicies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?"Many policy measures to controlobesity (肥胖症)assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and howmuch they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access tohealthier foods," note the two researchers。
2013年12月英语四级真题及答案 (3)
2013年12月英语四级真题及答案阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节1. A. 考点：文章第一段提到：波多黎各遭受的破坏震撼了整个地区。
因此，根据后面提供的信息，可以推断出这次飓风对整个加勒比地区造成了广泛的破坏。
B选项只提到了波多黎各遭受的破坏，没有涉及整个加勒比地区。
2. D. 考点：文章第二段末尾提到“We love getting movie recommendations”. 因此，可以推断出他们喜欢得到关于电影的建议。
3. B. 考点：根据第一段“When it comes to the growth of cities, the 21st century is largely a story of the developing world”我们可以推断出，发展中国家的城市增长更快。
4. C. 考点：根据第二段“Those who live in cities complain of traffic jams and crowded subway cars”可以推断出，城市居民经常抱怨交通拥堵和拥挤的地铁。
5. D. 考点：根据文章第三段“In city after city, the urban population today is much larger than it has ever been in history”可以推断出城市人口比历史上任何时候都要多。
6. A. 考点：根据文章第四段“Bu this does not mean that there is no way to slow the growth of cities”可以推断出，存在减缓城市增长的方法。
7. B. 考点：根据文章最后一段“For all the challenges cities fac e, they remain attractive places to live”可以推断出，尽管城市面临很多挑战，但人们仍然愿意居住在城市。
2013年12月大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案详解(全套)
2013年12月大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案（全套）幸福就好我亦安2013年12月大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题(一)【阅读】Sectio n CDirectio ns : There are 2 passages in this sect ion. Each passage is followed by some questi ons or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 2 with a sin gle line through the cen tre.Passage OneQuesti ons 56 to 60 are based on the follow ing passage.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food in take are in flue need by a large nu mber of factors besides our biological n eed forenergy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have show n, for in sta nee, that eati ng in front of the TV (or a similardistract ion) can in crease both hun ger and the amount of food con sumed. Even simplevisual cues, like plate size and light ing, have bee n show n to affect portion size and con sumpti on.A new study suggested that our short-term memoryalso mayplay a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they ' d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them —in other words, how much they remembered eati ng.This disparity (盖弃) suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger in flue nee on our appetite tha n the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brun strom, a professor of experime ntal psychology at the Uni versity of Bristol."Hun ger isn't con trolled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. Wehave identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says."This shows that the relati on ship betwee n hun ger and food in take is more complex than we thought."These findings echo earlier research that suggests our percepti on of food can sometimes trick our body' s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instanee, people who drank the same3S0-calorie (卡路里)milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones (荷尔蒙),depending on whetherthe shake' s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eat ing habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eati ng less, the new findings do highlight the ben efits offocus ing on our food and avoidi ng TV and multitask ing while eat ing.The so-called min dful-eat ing strategies can fight distract ions and help us con trol our appetite, Brun strom says.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2013年6月英语四级试题解析【卷三】
2013年6月英语四级试题解析（3卷）Part I WritingScience creates the futurePart II Reading comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. “violent fight” is different from domestic violence in that .[B] the former is two-sided while the latter is one-sided2. From what singer Kanye West said, we know that .[D] he forgave Chris Brown’s deed3. The author suggests that in most domestic-abuse cases, women return home after the abuse because .[B] they are too scared of men’s power to leave4. What can be described as an accident or a mistake according to the author?[B] Taking the gas for the brake killing a cat.5. What do we know for sure about Chris Brown and Rihanna according to the first paragraph?[C] Rihanna has accused Chris Brown of abusing her.6. What does the author suggest we do when teaching children about domestic violence?[A] Spend some time to expose some myths.7. According to the passage, when discussing about domestic violence, we should .[D] avoid referring to it as being provoked8. What makes those abused stay with their abusive partners is the horrible cycle of emotional dependence, shame and fear .9. Women would criticize their own behavior when explaining why they are abused by their lovers.10. According to experts, in domestic violence, abusers’attacks tend to be intensifying . Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A11. [C] She would like to know about that problem.12. [B] It is very interesting.13. [A] Taking a train.14. [C] The man should practice using the vocabulary.15. [A] Choose other time.16. [D] It will probably be cold.17. [A] The woman bought too many skirts.18. [B] In a hotel.19. [C] It’s the easiest way to communicate with other users.20. [A] It may not be of a high level of security.21. [B] IE and Windows.22. [D] Try to get a free E-mail account.23. [D] Refrigerator and kitchen stuff.24. [B] Advertise them on the university notice boards.25. [A] It may not pay well.Section BPassage One26. [C] Delighted.27. [B] Tell him the truth.28. [C] Remember a couple of names first.Passage Two29. [A] Cycling around a lake.30. [D] It needs water and electricity to keep its courses green.31. [C] It uses fewer resources.32. [B] To encourage people to go in for green sports.Passage Three33. [B] 334. [D] To get to know how to ask for financial aid.35. [B] To make JohnsonReview popular.Section C36. solo37. distances38. undertaking39. continent40. stranger41. puzzled42. afford43. estimated44. rapid economic growth has fuelled an explosive expansion in car ownership45. one of his aims was to promote cycling as safe, sustainable and environmentally friendly means of getting about46. with some estimates saying the number of people cycling to work has almost doubled in the last five yearsPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section A47. What’s the main idea of the passage?[D] People in different cultures have different concepts of space.48. The Arabs and the Japanese differ in that .[A] the Japanese keep their closeness within limits while the Arabs don’t49. According to Dr. Edward Hall, .[B] space doesn’t mean emptiness in the eyes of the Japanese50. When an Arab wants to be alone, he .[B] may still stay with his companion51. It can be inferred from the passage that .[C] even impolite bodily contact is acceptable by the ArabsSection BPassage One52. What do we learn about African elephants from the passage?[A] It is difficult for people to tame them.53. Thailand was once called “Land of the White Elephant” because .[D] white elephant was a national symbol until the 1920s54. According to the passage, why is the Thai elephant “out of work”?[C] The elephants are no longer useful to their owners.55. What is said about Thailand’s elephant population at various times?[B] Today the elephant population is estimated at 5,150.56. The passage is most probably from .[C] a research reportPassage Two57. Picasso quoted the example of the English language to maintain that .[D] the intricacy of the surrealist art should not be blamed on the artists58. Which of the following artists pioneered Cubist art?[B] Picasso.59. The author most probably thinks that Picasso’s art is .[A] unprecedented60. What do people tend to think of Picasso’s paintings?[B] They are enjoyable amusements.61. Which of the following is the true description of the surrealist world?[C] It had never been explored by anyone before Picasso.Part V Cloze62. mystery63. sounds64. upon66. down67. or68. associations69. filled70. longer71. recall72. roughly73. controls74. communication.75 greatest76 aspects73 expeeted74 modeling75 assumed77. development78. defects79. diseases80. capability81. surroundings82. experiences83. Life is a journey,one that is much better traveled with a companion by our side(我们最好结伴同行).84. While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they be attacked by wild animals(被野生动物袭击).85. He was proud of being chosen to participate in the game(为被选定参加比赛而自豪) and he assured us that he would try as hard as possible.86. My father seems to be in no mood(似乎没心情) to look at my school report.。
2013年大学英语四级阅读：难句解析
2013年大学英语四级阅读：难句解析1.“Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. (2006年12月)【分析】本句为复合句。
句子主干为“Wellness” may be viewed not as a state, but as an ideal。
not…but…意为“不是……而是……”。
两个that 都引导定语从句，分别修饰a state 和an ideal。
view…as 意为“把…看作”。
【译文】我们最好不要把健康看成是一种人们可以达到的状态，而应将其视为一种人们可以努力追求的理想。
2.If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die.（2007年6月）【分析】本句为复合句。
主句为the thought will die，从句为If引导的条件状语从句。
在从句中，包含一个由while引导的时间状语从句while you are trying to capture a fleeting thought。
从句中还包括一个listen to sb. do sth.（listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar）结构。
【译文】在你尽力想要捕捉稍纵即逝的灵感的同时，还要聆听一个五年级的英语老师纠正你的语法，那么，你的灵感就会消失地无影无踪。
3.Regardless of how it’s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity. (2006年12月)【分析】本句为复合句。
2013年12月第1套真题 深度解析
2013年12月四级真题第1套深度解析Part III阅读理解Section A15选10完形填空试题分析：词汇难度不如新视野教材课后的15选10，但是文章的难度远大于后者。
本篇文章比第3套的15选10略难，形容词、动词、名词三类词的数量都至少在3个以上，而且demand、graduates、view都兼有名词和动词两种词性。
所以根据语法搭配来排除选项方法并不适合这道题。
必须在备好单词的基础上，结合上下文逻辑衔接以及语法搭配才能把题做对。
Additional和excessive是选项与干扰项的关系，属于传统的词汇辨析，这样的词在查字典的时候注意其英文释义，additional是在原有的基础上“额外的，添加的，补充的”，excessive是指数量本身“过多的”。
另外，applied和specialized这两个词有两种可能性：第一，有可能是谓语动词的过去式，分别表示“申请，运用”“专门研究、专门从事”；第二，applied和specialized有可能是过去分词形式的形容词，在句子中做定语或者表语，分别为“应用的”“专业化的”，比如applied psychology应用心理学，highly specialized equipment高度专业化的设备。
Section B阅读新题型快速阅读做题顺序与策略：第一步，1分钟，扫描46-55的10个选项（关键词组短语下划线，加深印象，可以对原文内容有个总体的把握，并且在阅读原文的过程中往往会跟先前扫描过的10个选项联系起来）。
第二步，看一段，做一题或两题（因为有的段落对应的不只是一道题）。
具体来说，看完A段，然后去后面46-55搜索可能跟A段有关的选项。
然后看B段，去后面46-55找可能去B段有关的选项。
以此类推。
（因为46-55的选项的顺序是打乱的，并不符合阅读材料的行文顺序，所以适合很多一般阅读的“选项找关键词+原文定位+然后比对做题”的顺序根本不适应这道题，因为问题46-55的顺序是打乱的，每一道题的每一次定位都得看一遍全文，重复劳动的时间太多了！）注意提高阅读速度，不要过于纠结于个别难词和小细节。
2013年6月四级真题仔细阅读部分(真题+翻译+解析)
2013年6月四级真题仔细阅读部分(真题+翻译+解析)2013年6月四级真题仔细阅读部分Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the 47 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get 48 benefitfrom walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important 49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50 bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week, 51 recovery days between sessions.Finally, flexibility and balance training are 52 important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can 54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated(润滑). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55 is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to 56 stretch it in an opposite position.A) allowing F) helping K) preventSection BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why nottake a lesson from alcohol control policies and a pply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?“Many policy measures to control obesity （肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.“In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance —like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them: Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers butare allotted（分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places t hat aren’t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much.B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D) Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,” that explanation doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film —and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last severaldecades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.Passage One到处都是垃圾食品。
2013.12大学英语四级长篇阅读解析
窗体顶端注意不是多选题Is College a Worthy Investment?A) Why are we spending so much money on college? And why are we so unhappy about it? We all seem to agree that a college education is wonderful, and yet strangely we worry when we see families investing so much in this supposedly essential good. Maybe it's time to ask a question that seems almost sacrilegious (大不敬的): is all this investment in college education really worth it?B) The answer, I fear, is no. For an increasing number of kids, the extra time and money spent pursuing a college diploma will leave them worse off than they were before they set foot on campus.C) For my entire adult life, a good education has been the most important thing for middle-class households. My parents spent more educating my sister and me than they spent on their house, and they're not the only ones... and, of course, for an increasing number of families, most of the cost of their house is actually the cost of living in a good school district. Questioning the value of a college education seems a bit like questioning the value of happiness, or fun.D) The average price of all goods and services has risen about 50 percent. But the price of a college education has nearly doubled in that time. Is the education that today's students are getting twice as good? Are new workers twice as smart? Have they become somehow massively more expensive to educate?E) Perhaps a bit. Richard Vedder, an Ohio University economics professor, says, "I look at the data, and I see college costs rising faster than inflation up to the mid-1980s by 1 percent a year.Now I see them rising 3 to 4 percent a year over inflation. What has happened? The federal government has started dropping money out of airplanes. " Aid has increased, subsidized(补贴的) loans have become available, and "the universities have gotten the money." Economist Bryan Caplan, who is writing a book about education, agrees: "It's a giant waste of resources that will continue as long as the subsidies continue."F) Promotional literature for colleges and student loans often speaks of debt as an "investment in yourself." But an investment is supposed to generate income to pay off the loans. More than half of all recent graduates are unemployed or in jobs that do not require a degree, and the amount of student-loan debt carried by households has increased more than five times since 1999. These graduates were told that a diploma was all they needed to succeed, but it won't even get them out of the spare bedroom at Mom and Dad's. For many, the most visible result of their four years is the loan payments, which now average hundreds of dollars a month on loan balances in the tens of thousands.G) It's true about the money-sort of. College graduates now make 80 percent more than people who have only a high-school diploma, and though there are no precise estimates, the wage premium (高出的部分) for an outstanding school seems to be even higher. But that's not true of every student. It's very easy to spend four years majoring in English literature and come out no more employable than you were before you went in. Conversely, chemical engineers straight out of school can easily make almost four times the wages of an entry-level high-school graduate. H) James Heckman, the Nobel Prize-winning economist, has examined how the returns on education break down for individuals with different backgrounds and levels of ability. "Even with these high prices, you're still finding a high return for individuals who are bright and motivated," he says. On the other hand, "if you're not college ready, then the answer is no, it's not worth i t." Experts tend to agree that for the average student, college is still worth it today, but they also agree that the rapid increase in price is eating up more and more of the potential return. For borderlinestudents, tuition(学费) rise can push those returns into negative territory.I) Everyone seems to agree that the government, and parents, should be rethinking how we invest in higher education and that employers need to rethink the increasing use of college degrees as crude screening tools for jobs that don't really require college skills. "Employers seeing a surplus of college graduates and looking to fill jobs are just adding that requirement." says Vedder. "In fact, a college degree becomes a job requirement for becoming a bar-tender."J) We have started to see some change on the finance side. A law passed in 2007 allows many students to cap their loan payment at 10 percent of their income a nd forgives any balance after 25 years. But of course, that doesn't control the cost of education! it just shifts it to taxpayers. It also encourages graduates to choose lower-paying careers, which reduces the financial return to education still further. "You're subsidizing people to become priests and poets and so forth," says Heckman. "You may think that's a good thing, or you may not." Either way it will be expensive for the government.K) What might be a lot cheaper is putting more kids to work. Caplan notes that work also builds valuable skills- probably more valuable for kids who don't naturally love sitting in a classroom. Heckman agrees wholeheartedly: "People are different, and those abilities can be shaped. That's what we've learned, and public policy should recognize that."L) Heckman would like to see more apprenticeship-style(学徒式) programs, wher e kids can learn in the workplace-learn not just specific job skills, but the kind of "soft skills," like getting to work on time and getting along with a team- that are crucial for career success. "It's about having mentors(指导者) and having workplace-based education," he says. "Time and again I've seen examples of this kind of program working."M) Ah, but how do we get there from here? With better public policy, hopefully, but also by making better individual decisions. "Historically markets have been able to handle these things," says Vedder. "and I think eventually markets will handle this one. If it doesn't improve soon,people are going to wake up and ask, 'Why am I going to college?'"46. Caplan suggests that kids who don't love school go to work. K47. An increasing number of families spend more money on houses in a good school district. C48. Subsidized loans to college students are a huge waste of money, according to one economist. E49. More and more kids find they fare worse with a college diploma. B50. For those who are not prepared for higher education, going to college is not worth i t. H51. Over the years the cost of a college education has increased almost by 100%. D52. A law passed recently allows many students to pay no more than one tenth of their income for their college loans. J53. Middle-class Americans have highly valued a good education. C54. More kid s should be encouraged to participate in programs where they can learn not only job skills but also social skills. L55. Over fifty percent of recent college graduates remain unemployed or unable to find a suitable job. F。
2013年英语专业四级真题及答案详解(含阅读理解).docx
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2013)—GRADE FOUR—TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART 1 DICTATION 15 MINListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times: During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.PART 2 LITENING COMPREHENSION 20 MINSECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section, you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.1.According to the conversation, an example of“Christmas trimmings”could beA. presents.B. fruitsC. sauceD. meat2.A Christmas lunch would include all the following EXCECTA. roast turkeyB. sweet potatoesC. meatD. carrots3.Why did Helen come to Rob?s house?A. She wanted to talk to Bob.B. She had come to help Bob.C. She had been invited to lunch.D. She was interested in cooking.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.4.Why did the woman phone the club?A. She wanted to know more about it.B. She was a new comer and felt lonely.C. She wanted to learn a new language.D. She was interested in social activities.5.We learn from the conversation that the clubA. mainly organize language activities.B. accepts members from local students.C. has been set up for a long time.D. is increasing its membership.6.According to the conversation, the woman might come to practice German onA. Wednesday.B. Tuesday.C. Monday.D. Friday.7.What is the man going to do after the conversation?A. Call up the woman for her address.B. Wait for the woman to call him again.C. Mail the woman some information.D. Wait for the woman to pick up a form.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.8.According to the woman, what actually makes her job difficult?A. Difficult questions from interviewees.B. Embarrassing requests from interviewees.C. Lack of professional background.D. Lack of interviewing skills.9.The woman uses all the following adjectives when talking about attending job fairs EXCEPTA. prospective.B. useful.C. important.D. tiring.10. We learn from the conversation that the womanA. works better at job fairs.B. prefers honest people.C. often works on her own.D. is experienced in her work.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages.Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.11. According to today?s weather forecast, which part of Europe has dry weather?A. Scandinavian mountain.B. Northwestern Europe.C. Northern Europe.D. Southern Europe.12. In which part of Europe does the weather stay both fine and cool?A. Southern Europe.B. Northern Europe.C. Eastern Europe.D. Northwestern Europe.13. In which region will the weather change tomorrow?A. Northern parts of the Mediterranean.B. Eastern parts of the Mediterranean.C. Central parts of the Mediterranean.D. Southern parts of the Mediterranean.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.14.According to the passage, what benefit can technology bring to people?A. Closer contact with modern devices.B. Greater changes in social organization.C. Better understanding of mass media.D. More useful information to better their life.15.The speaker questions about everybody?s access to technological advances. The main reason is16.According to the UN plan, all the following will be achieved within ten yearsEXCEPT A. giving everyone a radio or TV.B. starting to carry out the scheme in ten years.C. offering internet service to more people.D. providing more job opportunities.17.What could be topic of the passage?A. Growth in telecommunications.B. Technology and the developing world.C. Education and medical care.D. Building an information society.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.18. People in Latin America wear something ______ to express their hopes for wealth in the New Year.A. newB. redC. whiteD. yellow 19. Which of the following NewYear?s traditions signals friendship? A. Throwing old dishes. B.Wearing something red. C. Wearing something white. D. Eatinground fruits.20. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one?s own New Year?s tradition?A. Watching TV at home.B. Going to bed early.C. Visiting friends.D. Running and shouting outside.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to the passages carefully and then answerthe questions that follow.Questions 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.21.What is happening to the schools in Fairfax County this school year?A. 15 schools have started social studies.B. 15 schools have used digital textbooks.C. Students are ready to use electronic resources.D. Digital textbooks are used for social studies.22. With digital textbooks, schools have saved about ______ million dollars.A.1B.2C.3D.4Questions 23 to 24 are based on the following news. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.23. Who found the suspicious item at the airport?A. TSA agents.B. FBI agents.C. The police.D. Passengers.24.Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?A. The terminal was closed temporarily afterwards.B.There was a thorough search inside the airport.C. Passengers at the airport were safe and sound.D.The security authorities identified the explosives.Questions 25 to 26 are based on the following news. At the end of each news item, you will be given10 seconds to answer the questions.25. According to the news item, doctors use art therapy to treat the following problems EXCEPTA. alcohol abuse.B. smoking.C. depression.D. schizophrenia.26. Why did doctors introduce art therapy in the first place?A. To prevent patients from smoking.B. To better understand patients.C. To get patients occupied.D. To teach patients some skills.Questions 27 to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of each news item, you will be given10 seconds to answer the questions.27.What is the main purpose of the new rules?A. To reduce the number of pilots on duty.B. To prevent pilots from working overtime.C. To ensure an adequate amount of sleep.D. To fix the amount of work for each pilot.28.The Independent Pilots Association was unhappy about the new rules becausethey A. had only covered cargo plane pilots.B. had failed to cover all the pilots.C. would be put into effect in two years.D. would be too costly if implemented.Questions 29 to 30 are based on the following news. At the end of each news item, you will be given10 seconds to answer the questions.29.Why is increase in livestock production necessary?30.What does the word“challenge”mean in the news item?A. Balance between human survival and ecology.B. Conflict between less land and more production.C. Difference between present and future needs.D. Calls by environmental critics to consume less meat.PART 3 CLOZE 15 MINDecide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the correspondi ng blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two.Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: without it, it (31) _____ not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us; (32) _____ the workers in government offices who (33) _____ our health, our food, our water, and all the other things that we cannot do for ourselves. (34) _____ taxation, we pay for things that we need just (35) _____ we need somewhere to live and something to eat. But (36) _____ ever yone knows that taxation is necessary, different people have different ideas about (37)____ taxation should be arranged.In most countries, a direct tax on (38) _____, which is called income tax, (39) _____. It is arranged in such (40)______ that the poorest people pay nothing, and the percentage of tax grows (41) ____ as the taxpayer's inco me grows. In some countries, for example, the tax on the richest people (42)______ as high as ninety-five per c ent! (43) _____ countries with taxation nearly (44) _____ have indirect taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or“ duties. Of” course, it is the men and women who buy these imported thing s in the shops (45)______ really have to pay the duties, in the (46) ______ of higher prices. In some countries, (47) _____, there is a tax on things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is (48) ____ but the poor people suffer most. If unnecessary things (49)___ jewels and fur coats are taxed, less m oney is obtained but the tax is (50) ______as the rich pay it.Probably this last kind of indirect tax, together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and highf or the rich, is the best arrangement.PART 4 GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY15 MINThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Tw o.51.Facing the board of directors, hedidn?t deny ________ breaking theagreement. A. himB. itC. hisD. its52.Xinchun returned from aboard a different man. The italicized part functions as a (n) ______.A. appositive (同位语 )B. objectC.adverbialD. complement.53.Which of the following is a compound word (复合词 )? ______.A. Nonsmoker.B. Deadline.C. Meanness.D. Misfit.54.Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood? ______.A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5o?clock?B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.C.Walk straight ahead, and don't turn till the second traffic lights. D.Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.55.The following determiners(限定词 ) can be used with both plural and uncountablenouns EXCEPT ______.A. moreB.enough.C.many.D.such.56.Which of the italicized parts indicates CONTRAST? ______.A. She opened the door and quietly went in.B. Victoria likes music and Sam is fond of sports.C. Think it over again and you? ll get an answer.D. He is somewhat arrogant, and I don't like this.57.Which of the following CANNOT be used as a nominal substitute(名词替代词 )? ______.A. Much.B.Neither.C.One.D.Quarter.58.All the following sentences definitely indicate future time EXCEPT ______.A.Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four.B.The President is coming to the UN next week.C.The school pupils will be home by now.D.He is going to email me the necessary information.59.Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT? ______.A. Politics are the art or science of government.60.Which of in the following phrases indicates a subject-predicate relationship? ______.A. The arrival of the touristsB. The law of NewtonC. The occupation of the islandD. The plays of Oscar Wilde61.Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive? ______.62.Which of the following is NOT an imperative sentence? ______.A. Let me drive you home, shall I?B. You will mind your own business!C. Come and have dinner with us.D.I wish you could stay behind. ,63.If it ______ tomorrow, the match would be put off.64.Which of the following sentences expresses a fact? ______.A. Mary and her son must be home by now.B.Careless reading must give poor results.C. It?s getting late, and I must leave now.D.He must be working late at the office.65.The following are all dynamic verbs(动态动词 ) EXCEPT ______.A. remain.B. turn.C.write. D.knock.66.____ to school life was less difficult than the pupil had expected.A.AdheringB.AdoptingC.AdjustingD.Acquainting67.He is fed up with the same old dreary routine, and wants to quit his job. The underlined part means _________.A. dullB.boring C.long D.hard68.At last night?s party Larry said something that I though was beyond me. Theunderlined part means ________.A. I was unable to doC. I was unable to stopB. I couldn?t understandD. I couldn?t tolerate69. The couple ______their old house and sold it for a vast profit.A. did forB. did inC.did withD. did up70. Sally contributed a lot to the project, but she never once accepted all the ____ for herself.A.creditB.attentionC.focusD.award71.The child nodded, apparently content with his mother?s promise. The underlinedpart means _________.A. as far as one has learntB.as far as one is concerned C.as far as one can seeD. as far as one is told72.The ________ that sport builds character is well accepted by people nowadays.A.issueB.argumentC.pointD.sentence73.Everyone in the office knows that Melinda takes infinite care over her work.The underlined part means ________.A. limitedB. unnecessaryC. overdueD. much74.The new measure will reduce the chance of serious injury in the event of an accident.The underlined part means _________.A. if an accident happensB. if an accident can be preventedC. before an accidentD. during an accident75.Traditionally, local midwives would ________ all the babies in the area.A. handleB. produceC. deliverD. help76.No food or drink is allowed on the premises. The underlined part means ________.A. propositionB. advertisementC. buildingD. street77.The court would not accept his appeal unless ________ evidence is provided.A.conclusiveB.definiteC.eventualD.concluding78.As soon as he opened the door, a ________ of cold air swept through the house.A. flowB. movementC. rushD. blast79.She really wanted to say something at the meeting, but eventually ________ from it.A. preventedB. refrainedC. limitedD.restricted80.The couple told the decorator that they wanted their bedroom gaily painted. The underlined part means ___ ______. A.brightlyB. light-heartedlyC. cheerfullyD. lightlyPART V READING COMPREHENSION25 MINIn this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four sug gested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.TEXT AThe art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over 2,000 years ago. Now, twitter, instant messaging, e-mail, blogs and chat forums offer rival approaches to communication - but none can replace the role of a greatspee ch.The spoken word can handle various vital functions: persuading or inspiring, informing, paying tribute, enterta ining, or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something. Over the past year, the human voice has helped guide us over the ups and downs of what was certainly a stormy time.Persuasion is used in dealing with or reconciling different points of view. When the leaders met in Copenhagenin December 2009, persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves to fir mer action. Inspirational speeches confront the emotions. They focus on topics and matters that are close to pe ople's hearts. During wars, generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us. The information must be clear, a ccurate, and expressed in a meaningful and interesting way. （流行病） announced, the idea of“swineflu ” many people. Informative speeches from World Health Organization officials helped people to keep their panic under control so they could take sensible precautions.Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting. Madonna's speech about Michael Jackson,after his death, highlighted the fact that he will continue to live on through his music.It's not only in world forums where public speaking plays an important role. It can also be surprisingly helpful in the course of our own lives.If you?re taking part in a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness ofyour argument. In sports, athletes know the importance of a pep talk （鼓舞士气的讲话） before a match to inspire teammates. You yourself may be asked to do a presentation at college or work t o inform the others about an area of vital importance.On a more personal level, a friend may be upset and need comforting. Or you might beasked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding, where your language will be needed to move people or make them laugh.Great speaking ability is not something we're born with. Even Barack Obama works hardto perfect every speech. For a brilliant speech, there are rules that you can put to good use. To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.81.The author thinks the spoken word is still irreplaceable because ______.A. it has always been used to inspire or persuade people.B. it has a big role to play in the entertainment business.C. it plays important roles in human communication.D. it is of great use in everyday-life context.82.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the role of public speaking? _____A. Speeches at world forums can lead to effective solutions to world problems.B. Speeches from medical authorities can calm people down in times of pandemics.C. The morale of soldiers before a battle can be boosted by senior officers' speeches.D. Speeches paying tribute to the dead can comfort the mourners.83. Public speaking can play all the following roles EXCEPT______.A. to convince people in a debate.B. to inform people at a presentation.C. to advise people at work.D. to entertain people at a wedding.84. According to the passage, which of the following best explains the author's view on ______“great speaking ability”?85.What is the main idea of the passage? ______.A. Public speaking in international forums.B. The many uses of public speaking.C. Public speaking in daily life context.D. The rules of public speaking.TEXT BEvery business needs two things, says Skullcandy CEO Rick Alden: inspiration and desperation. In 2001, Alden had both. He'd sold two snowboarding businesses, and he was desperately bored. But he had an idea: He wan ted to make a new kind of headphone. I kept seeing people missing their cell phone calls because they were list ening to music,” he explains. Then I'm in a chairlift, I've got my headphones on, and I realize my phone is rin ging. As 1 take my gloves off and reach for my phone, I think, “ It can't be that tough to make headphones with two plugs, one for music and one for your cell phone”. Alden described what he wanted to a designer, perfe cted a prototype, and outsourced（外包） manufacturing overseas.Alden then started designing headphones into helmets, backpacks - anywhere that would make it easy to listen to music while snowboarding. “Selling into board and skate shops wasn't a big research effort,” he explains. “Those were the only guys I knew!”Alden didn?t want to be a manufacturer. And by outsourcing, he'd hoped he could get thebusiness off the ground without debt. But he was wrong. So he asked his wife,“Can I puta （抵押贷款） on the house? She said, What is the worst thing that can happen? Welose the house, we sell our cars, and we start all over again?I. definitely married the rightwoman!”For the next two years, Alden juggled mortgage payments and payments to his manufacturers“.Factories won 't ship your product till they get paid,”he says.“But it takes four or five months to get a mortgage company so upset that they knock on your door. So we paid the factory first”.Gradually, non-snowboarders began to notice the colorful headphones. In 2006, the company started selling the m in 1,400 FYE (For Your Entertainment) stores.“ We knew that nine out often people walking into that store would be learning about Skullcandy for the first time. Why would they look at brands they knew and take hom e a new brand instead? We had agreed to buy back anything we didn?t sell, but we were dealing with huge num bers. It?d kill us to take back all the productsAlden?s fears faded as Skullcandy became the No. 1 headphone seller in those stores andtripled its revenue to $120 million in one year. His key insight was that headphones weren?tgadgets; they were a fashion accessory“. In the beginning,” he says,“ that little white wire that said youha d an iPod ---that was cool. But now wearing the white bud means you?re just like everyone else. Headphones occupy this critical piece of cranial real estate and are highly visible”.Today, Skullcandy is America's second-largest headphone supplier, after Sony. With 79 employees, the compan y is bigger than Alden ever imagined.86.Alden came up with the idea of a new kind of headphone because he ______.A. was no longer in snowboarding business.B. had no other business opportunities.C. was very fond of modern music.D. saw an inconvenience among mobile users.87.The new headphone was originally designed for ______.A. snowboarders.B. motorcyclists.C.mountain hikers. D.marathon runners.88.Did Alden solve the money problem? ______.A. He sold his house and his cars.B. Factories could ship products before being paid.C. He borrowed money from a mortgage company.D. He borrowed money from his wife's family.89.What did Alden do to promote sales in FYE stores? ______.A. He spent more money on product advertising.B. He promised to buy back products not sold.C. He agreed to sell products at a discount.D. He improved the colour design of the product.90.Alden sees headphones as ______.A. a sign of self-confidence.B. a symbol of status.C. part of fashion.D. a kind of device.TEXT CI was standing in my kitchen wondering what to have for lunch when my friend Taj called.“ Sit down, ” she said. I thought she was going to tell me she had just gotten the haircut from hell. Ilaughed and said,“It can't be that bad”.But it was. Before the phone call, I had 30 years of retirement saving in a“safe” fund witha brilliant financial guru （金融大亨） .When I put down the phone, my savings weregone. I felt as if I had died and, for some unknown reason, was still breathing. SinceBernie Madoff?s arrest on charges of running a $65 million Ponzi scheme, I'veread many articles about how we investors should have known what was going on. I wishI could say I had reservations about Madoff before“the Call” , but I did not.On New Year's Eve, three weeks after we lost our savings, six of us Madoff people gathered atTaj's house for dinner. As we were sitting around the table, someone asked,“If you could haveyour money back right now, but it would mean giving up what you have learned by losing it,would you take the money or would you take what losing the money has given you?”My husband was still in financial shock. He said, “ I just want the money back.” I wasn't certain where I sto od. I knew that losing our money had cracked me wide open.?dI been walking around like what the Buddhists call a hungry ghost: always focused on the bite that was yet to come, not the one in my mouth. No matter how much I ate or had or experienced, it didn?t satisfy me, because I wasn?t really taking it in, wasn't absorbing it. Now I was forced to pay attention. Still, I couldn't honestly say that if someone had offered me the money bac k, I would turn it down.But the other four all said that what they were seeing about themselves was incalculable, andthey didn?t think it would have become apparent without the ground of financial stability beingripped out from underneath them.My friend Michael said,I ?d started to get complacent. It?s as if the muscles of my heart started to atrophy（萎缩） . Now they?re awake, alive— and I don?t want to go back.”Theseweren?tjust empty words. Michael and his wife needed to take in boarders to meet their expenses. Taj was so broke tha t she was moving into someone?s garage apartment in three weeks. Three friends had declared bankruptcy andweren't sure where or how they were going to live.91.What did the author learn from Taj?s call?A. had got an awful haircut.B. They had lost their retirement savings.C. Taj had just retired from work.D. They were going to meet for lunch.92.How did the author feel in the following weeks?A. Angry.B.Disappointed.C.Indifferent.D.Desperate.93.According to the passage, to which was she“ forced to pay attention”?A. Her friends.B. Her husband.C.Her lost savings. D.Her experience.94.Which of the following statements is CORRECT about her friends?A. Her friends valued their experience more.B. Her friends felt the same as she did.C. Her friends were in a better financial situation.D Her friends were more optimistic than she.95.What is the message of the passage?A. Desire for money is human nature.B. One has to be decisive during crises.C. Understanding gained is more important than money lost.D. It is natural to see varied responses to financial crises.TEXT DIn the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There are all these torrents of passion flowing through you. Your job, as captain of your soul, is to erect dams to keep these passions in check. Your jo b is to just say no to laziness, lust, greed, drug use and the other sins.These days that model is out of fashion. You usually can?t change your behaviour by simply resolving to doso mething. Knowing what to do is not the same as being able to do it.Your willpower is not like a dam that can block the torrent of self-indulgence. It's more like a muscle, which ti res easily. Moreover, you're a social being. If everybody around you is overeating, you?ll probably do so, too. The 19th-century character model was based on an understanding of free will. Today, weknow that free will is bounded. People can change their lives, but ordering change is notsimple because many things, even within ourselves, are beyond our direct control.Much of our behaviour, for example, is guided by unconscious habits. Researchers atDuke University calculated that more than 40 percent of the actions we take are governed byhabit, not actual decisions. Researchers have also come to understand the structure of habits—cue, routine, reward.You can change your own personal habits. If you leave running shorts on the floor atnight, that'll be a cue to go running in the morning. Don?t try to ignore your afternoon snackcraving. Every time you feel the cue for a snack, insert another routine. Take a walk.Their research thus implies a different character model, which is supposed to manipulate。
2013年英语四级考试阅读习题及答案解析
2013年英语四级考试阅读习题及答案解析(1)Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader an d the text. The reader putsquestions, as it were, to the text and gets answers.In the light of these he puts __1__ questions, andso on.For most of the time this “conversation”goeson below the level of consciousness. At times,however, we become __2__ of it. This is usu allywhen we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between __3__ and meaning.When successful matching is being experienc ed, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level.Different people __4__ with the text differently. Some stay very clos e to the words on thepage, others take off imaginatively from the w ords, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing andexamining. The former repr esents a kind of comprehension which is __5__ in the text. Thelatter represents __6__ levels of comprehension. The balance between theseis important,especially for advanced readers.There is another conversation which from our point of view is __7__ important, and that isto do not with what is read but with how i t is read. We call this a “process”conversation as__8__ to a “c ontent”conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the__9__ we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well__10__. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation.A)opposed B)converse C)equally D)writtenE)developed F)strategies G)compared H)awakeI)higher J)expectations K)deal L)absolutelyM)aware N)better O)further参考答案及解析:1. 选O )。
2013年12月英语四级真题答案及解析完整版
作文部分：范文一： The modern technology has greatly altered the mode of communication among people. With the help of the Internet, people can easily contact each other anytime anywhere. However, the side effect is that many people have become over-dependent on the Internet and neglected face-to-face communication.As far as I'm concerned, electronic communication cannot fully replace the direct contact among people. Although it seems to bring everyone together, it actually estranges people and decreases the effectiveness of communication. A typical example is that, traditionally, people working in the same office simply walk to others and talk. Today, however, co-workers tend to send e-mails or instant messages through the Internet even when they are sitting next to each other. As words can never convey the full message, it usually takes much more time and rounds of conversation than face-to-face communication, in which people can discuss more directly with less loss of information.To conclude, the Internet enables more effective communication in some situations, but over-dependence on it actually pulls people apart.范文二：It is frequently observed that many people keep looking down at their mobile phones whatever they are doing. It is true that mobile phones have brought great convenience to us as we can send short messages, check e-mails, surf the Internet, or watch videos almost anywhere. However, the overuse of mobile phones also leads to some serious problems.The over-dependence on mobile phones can harm the relationship among friends and family. With mobile phones, people do not talk as much as before. For example, sometimes at dinner tables, instead of chatting and laughing with each other, many people choose to chat with other friends online. In other words, mobile phones help people contacting friends far away more easily at the expense of reducing the communication with those who are sitting right next to them.In conclusion, mobile phone can be a useful tool in modern life, but overusing it damages interpersonal relationship. There is no point to lose our intimacy with friends and family to modern technology.范文三：The impact of the Internet on learningExplain why education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain informationIn the age of knowledge explosion, the Internet opens a magical portal for leaners to get access to seemingly incessant information. But is information equal to knowledge? “Once I learn how to use google, isn't that all the education I really need?” This question fully embodies the prejudiced opinion that as long as people acquire abundant information, they will get proper education.The rea son why education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information is that education is not limited to the hard facts or theories students can learn from their textbooks or the Internet. It relates to a wider scope ranging from the obtainment of practical skills to the development of characters, which are hard for students to learn simply by googling. Consequently, comprehensive learning in schools that includes learning knowledge, conducting experiments and communicating with peers is what true education is.In a word, the Internet does provide valuable information for learners, but people should be fully conscious of the essence of education and learn to tell the right from the wrong.听力部分：1. C. Consult a travel agent.2. A. They are on a long trip by car.3. C. He is unwilling to speak in public.4. B. Purse further education.5. A. He would not be available to start the job in time.6. B. Mechanic.7. D. Ask Laura to put off the cleaning until another week.8. A. A problem caused by the construction.9. C. To place an order for some products.10. A. The person in charge is not in the office.11. B. 0734, 21653 extension 51.12. B. Since he took to heavy smoking.13. A. He is getting too fat.14. D. They dislike doing physical exercise.15. C. To find a girlfriend.16-19音频无。
2013年12月大学英语四级阅读理解(附答案解析)
2014年6月大学英语四级阅读理解新题型匹配练习题练习1Part ⅢReading Comprehension （40 minutes)Section B（原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。
篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。
每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落.)Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it。
Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs。
Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter。
Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How to Make Peace with Your Workload[A] Swamped (忙碌的）,under the gun， just struggling to stay above water...; whatever office cliche you employ to depict it，we”ve all been in that situation where we feel like we might be swallowed up by our workload. Nonetheless many a way may be used to manage your to—do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed。
四级真题英语阅读长难句分析(9)
四级真题英语阅读长难句分析（9）难度：困难作者：沪江英语原创来源：沪江英语评论：1小编前言：阅读是四级英语中重要的得分点和难点，对长难句的分析则决定了对阅读的彻底理解，也是学习语法，积累高级词汇、句型不可或缺的来源。
而四级英语真题阅读部分均选自Times、Telegraph等著名外文报纸及杂志，其行文和词汇原汁原味，值得考生细细品味和灵活借鉴。
准备2013年12月英语四级的同学们，还等什么？赶快学起来吧！同时，欢迎各位考生针对例句的翻译及分析给出自己的理解哦！1. Although April did not bring us the rains we all hoped for, and although the Central Valley doesn't generally experience the atmospheric sound and lightning that can accompany those rains, it's still important for parents to be able to answer the youthful questions about thunder and lightning. (1994. 阅读. Text 4)【译文】尽管四月份没有带来我们期盼已久的雨水，尽管中央山谷下雨时很少伴有雷声和闪电，但对于父母来说，能够回答孩子们关于打雷和闪电的问题仍然十分重要。
【析句】多重复合句，主句it's still important for parents to be able to..., it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，再看从句，and连接两个although引导让步状语从句，第二个让步状语从句中又包含从句，that can accompany those rains作定语从句修饰the atmospheric sound and ligntning.2. For example, did you know that the lightning we see flashing down to the earth from a cloud is actually flashing up to a cloud from the earth? (1994. 阅读. Text 4)【译文】例如，你是否知道我们看到闪电从天上落到地面，实际过程却是从地面闪进云里。
2013年6月英语四级真题及答案详解(第1套)
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案详解Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题1) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题2) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)11. A) The woman is the manager's secretary. B) The man found himself in a wrong place.C) The man is the manager's business associate.D) The woman was putting up a sign on the wall.12. A) He needs more time for the report. B) He needs help to interpret the data.C) He is sorry not to have helped the woman. D) He does not have sufficient data to go on.13. A) A friend from New York. B) A message from Tony.C) A postal delivery. D) A change in the weather.14. A) She is not available until the end of next week. B) She is not a reliable source of information.C) She does not like taking exams. D) She does not like psychology.15. A) He will help the woman carry the suitcase. B) The woman's watch is twenty minutes fast.C) The woman shouldn't make such a big fuss. D) There is no need for the woman to be in a hurry.16. A) Mary is not so easygoing as her. B) Mary and she have a lot in common.C) She finds it hard to get along with Mary. D) She does not believe what her neighbors said.17. A) At an information service. B) At a car wash point.C) At a repair shop. D) At a dry cleaner's.18. A) The woman came to the concert at the man's request.B) The man is already fed up with playing the piano.C) The piece of music the man played is very popular.D) The man's unique talents are the envy of many people.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) He has taught Spanish for a couple of years at a local school.B) He worked at the Brownstone Company for several years.C) He owned a small retail business in Michigan years ago.D) He has been working part-time in a school near Detroit.20. A) He prefers a full-time job with more responsibility.B) He is eager to find a job with an increased salary.C) He likes to work in a company close to home.D) He would rather get a less demanding job.21. A) Sports. B) Travel. C) Foreign languages. D) Computer games22. A) When he is supposed to start work.B) What responsibilities he would have.C) When he will be informed about his application.D) What career opportunities her company can offer.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) She is pregnant. B) She is over 50.C) She has just finished her project. D) She is a good saleswoman.24. A) He takes good care of Lisa. B) He is the CEO of a giant company.C) He is good at business management. D) He works as a sales manager.25. A) It is in urgent need of further development.B) It produces goods popular among local people.C) It has been losing market share in recent years.D) It is well positioned to compete with the giants.Section B Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the conversation you have just heard.26. A) It is lined with tall trees. C) It has high buildings on both sides.B) It was widened recently. D) It used to be dirty and disorderly.27. A) They repaved it with rocks. C) They beautified it with plants.B) They built public restrooms on it. D) They set up cooking facilities near it.28. A) What makes life enjoyable. C) What a community means.B) How to work with tools. D) How to improve health.29. A) They were obliged to fulfill the signed contract.B) They were encouraged by the city officials' praise.C) They wanted to prove they were as capable as boys.D) They derived happiness from the constructive work.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) The majority of them think it less important than computers.B) Many of them consider it boring and old-fashioned.C) The majority of them find it interesting.D) Few of them read more than ten books a year.31. A) Novels and stories. C) History and science books.B) Mysteries and detective stories. D) Books on culture and tradition.32. A) Watching TV. C) Reading magazines.B) Listening to music. D) Playing computer games.Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) Advice on the purchase of cars.B) Information about the new green-fuel vehicles.C) Trends for the development of the motor car.D) Solutions to global fuel shortage.34. A) Limited driving range. C) The short life of batteries.B) Huge recharging expenses. D) The unaffordable high price.35. A) They need to be further improved.B) They can easily switch to natural gas.C) They are more cost-effective than vehicles powered by solar energy.D) They can match conventional motor cars in performance and safety.Section CMy favorite T.V. show? "The Twilight Zone." I (36) ______ like the episode called "The Printer's Devil." It's about a newspaper editor who's being (37) ______ out of business by a big newspaper syndicate - you know, a group of papers (38) ______ by the same people.He's about to (39) ______ suicide when he's interrupted by an old man who says his name is Smith. The editor is not only offered $5000 to pay off his newspaper's (40) ______, but this Smith character also offers his (41) ______ for free. It turns out that the guy (42) ______ the printing machine with amazing speed, and soon he's turning out newspapers with (43) ______ headlines. The small paper is successful again. The editor is amazed at how quickly Smith gets his stories only minutes after they happen - but soon he's presented with a contract to sign. Mr. Smith, it seems, is really the devil! (44) ______________________________________, so he agrees to sign. But soon Smith is reporting the news even before it happens - and it's all terrible one disaster after another. (45) ____________________________________________. I really like these old episodes of "The Twilight Zone" because the stories are fascinating. (46) _________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section AQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the 47 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get 48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important 49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50 bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week, 51 recovery days between sessions.Finally, flexibility and balance training are 52 important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can 54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55 is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to 56 stretch it in an opposite position.Section BPassage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?“Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.“In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted （分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most pla ces you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to theback of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much. B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist. D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively. B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions. D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few peop le are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D) Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.60. What is the purpose of California’s rule a bout alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas. D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribu te Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,” that explanation doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 —but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win apermanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden. B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why do es the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself. B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to com pete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden. B) A mirror. C) A joke. D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography. B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics. D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.Part VI Translation (5 minutes)87. Although only in her teens, my sister is looking forward to _________________（独自去海外学习).88. It’s true that we are not always going to succeed in our ventures, _______（即使我们投入时间和金钱).89. The old couple hoped that their son ________________（将不辜负他们的期望).90. So badly _________________(他在车祸中受伤)that he had to stay in the hospital for a whole year.91. Nowadays, some people still have trouble ________________（从网上获取信息).2013年6月英语四级答案详解Part III Listening Comprehension Section A11.W: What are you doing in here, Sir? Didn't you see the private sign over there?M: I'm sorry. I didn't notice it when I came in. I'm looking for the manager's office.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?12.W: Mike, what's the problem? You've known from month the report is due today.M: I know, but I'm afraid I need another few days. The data is hard to interpret than I expected.Q: What does the man mean?13.W: Excuse me, Tony. Has my parcel from New York arrived?M: Unfortunately, it's been delayed due to the bad weather.Q: What is the woman waiting for?14.W: Pam said we won't have the psychology test until the end of next week.M: Ellen, you should know better than to take Pam's words for anything.Q: What does the man imply about Pam?15W: Tom, would you please watch my suitcase for a minute? I need to go make a quick phone call.M: Yeah, sure. Take your time. Our train doesn’t leave for another twenty minutes.Q: What does the man mean?16M: Frankly, Mary is not what I'd called easy-going.W: I see. People in our neighborhood find it hard to believe she's my twin sister.Q: What does the woman imply?17 M: How soon do you think this can be cleaned?W: We have same day service, sir. You can pick up your suit after five o'clock.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?18W: I really enjoy that piece you just play on the piano. I bet you get a lot of requests for it.M: You said it. People just can't get enough of it.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?长对话1Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I am Teresa Chen, and I’ll be interviewing you. How are you today?M: I am fine, thank you. And you, Miss Chen?W: Good, Thanks. Can you tell me something about your experience in this kind of work?M: Well, for several years, I managed a department for the Brownstone Company in Detroit, Michigan. Now I work part time because I also go to school at night. I’m getting a business degree.W: Oh, how interesting. Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job?M: I’ll finish school in a few months, and I’d like a full-time position with more responsibility.W: And why would you like to work for our company?M: Because I know your company’s work and I like it.W: Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests?M: Of course, I’m good at computers and I can speak Spanish. I used to take classes in Spanish at the local college. And I like travelling a lot.W: Can you give me any references?M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. Macaw, my boss, at the Brownstone Company. I could also give you the names and numbers of several of my teachers.W: All right, Mr. Jones, and would you like to ask me any questions?M: Yes, I wonder when I’ll be infor med about my application for the job.W: Well, we’ll let you know as soon as possible. Let’s stay in touch. Thank you very much for coming this afternoon.M: Thank you.Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What does the man say about his working experience?20. Why does the man want to leave his present job?21. What is the man interested in?22. What question did the man ask the woman?【总评】一篇以面试为场景的听力对话。
2013年英语四级阅读真题及答案解析(12月)
2013年英语四级阅读真题及答案解析（12月）作文请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试作文一：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essaybased on the picture below.You should start your essay with a briefaccount of the impact of the Internet on the way people communicate and thenexplain whether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact.Youshould write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.“Dear Andy-How are you? Your mother and I are fine.We both miss youand hope you are doing well.We look forward to seeing you again the nest timeyour computer crashes and you come down-stairs for something to eat,Love,Momand Dad.”作文二：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essaybased on the picture below.You should start your essay with a briefaccount of the impact of the Internet on learning and then explain whydoesn’t simply mean learning to obtaininformation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.“Once I learn how to use Google,isn’t thatall the education I really need?”作文三：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essaybased on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of theincreasin,use of the mobile phone in people’s life and explain theConsequence of overusing it. You should write at least 120 words butno more than 180 words.People are crossing the street looking at their cell phones andusing walking sticks in order to see.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear 8short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of eachconversation,one or more questionswill be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each questionthere will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices markedA),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer,Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2013专四真题解析
文艺复兴建筑（Renaissance architecture），是欧洲建筑史上继哥特式 建筑之后出现的一种建筑风格。十五世纪产生于意大利，后传播到欧洲 其它地区，形成带了有各自特点的各国文艺复兴建筑。意大利文艺复兴 建筑在文艺复兴建筑中占有最重要的位置。
文艺复兴建筑是15－19世纪流行于欧洲的建筑风格，有时也包括巴洛克 建筑和古典主义建筑．起源于意大利佛罗伦萨。在理论上以文艺复兴思 潮为基础；在造型上排斥象征神权至上的哥特建筑风格，提倡复兴古罗 马时期的建筑形式，特别是古典柱式比例，半圆形拱券，以穹隆为中心 的建筑形体等。例如，意大利佛罗伦萨美第奇府邸，维琴察圆厅别墅等
傲慢（Pride）
谦逊（humbleness）
be used to 习惯于 be used to do 被用来做 used to be过去曾是
used to do过去常做而现在不做 resolve vt. / vi 决定；使分解；决心要做； 溶解
n. 坚决；决定要做的事 resolve to do sth.
inspire - inspiration despair - desperation desperately get off the ground
Text C
reserve -reservation保留;预约;定座 calculate - calculable -incalculable 不可估量的 complacent 得意的，踌躇满志的 resolve 解决;解析;分解;决定 resolve to do sth.
相对于七宗罪，天主教列出了七美德。
罪行
美德
色欲（Lust） 贪食（Gluttony）
贞洁（purity） 节制（self-restraint）
2013年12月第3套真题 深度解析
2013年12月四级真题第三套深度解析Part III阅读理解Section A15选10完形填空试题分析：词汇难度不如新视野教材课后的15选10，但是文章的难度远大于后者。
做题的关键点：第一词汇。
单词备好是前提。
第二，运用语法和词性搭配来缩小筛选的范围，有时候在不能完全看懂句子的情况下仍然可以把词正确的填上。
词汇：1device设备，器具，装置devise v.发明，设计2launch v.发射，发起，发动，（使轮船）下水，（使飞机）起飞3figure out算出，解决4advertiser广告商，advertisement广告，advertise v.做广告5fraction分数，小部分6consumer消费者，consume v消费time-consuming耗时的，energy-consuming 耗能的energy consumption能源消耗7be expected to do sth.预计...8option n.选择opt v.选择，optional可选的，选修的近义词：choice，alternative （二中选一，供替代的选择）9target audience目标观众，受众10 regional manager区域经理，大区经理11marketing营销，销售，行销12access通路，进入，使用权；进入，使用，读取13amount v.总计，合计，数量为n.数量，总额14ignore忽略，忽视15vital重要的≈crucial，decisive，significant，critical。
16.Violate v.违反，侵犯Section B阅读新题型快速阅读做题顺序：看一段，做一题。
具体来说，看完A段，然后去后面46-55搜索可能跟A段有关的选项。
然后看B段，去后面46-55找可能去B段有关的选项。
以此类推。
（因为46-55的选项的顺序是打乱的，并不符合阅读材料的行文顺序，所以适合很多阅读的“选项找关键词+原文定位+然后比对做题”的顺序根本不适应这道题，切记。
2013年英语专业四级阅读理解真题及答案
2013年英语专业四级阅读理解真题及答案PART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN] In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.TEXT AThe art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over 2,000 years ago. Now, twitter, instant messaging, e-mail, blogs and chat forums offer rival approaches to communication—but none can replace the role of a great speech.The spoken word can handle various vital functions: persuading or inspiring, informing, paying tribute, entertaining, or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something.Over the past year, the human voice has helped guide us over the ups and downs of what was certainly a stormy time.Persuasion is used in dealing with or reconciling different points of view. When the leaders met in Copenhagen in December 2009,persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer action.Inspirational speeches confront the emotions. They focus on topics and matters that are close to people''s hearts. During wars, generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us. The information must be clear, accurate, and expressed in a meaningful and interesting way. When the H1N1 pandemic(流行病)was announced, the idea of “swine flu”(猪流感)scared many people. Informative speeches from World Health Organization officials helped people to keep their panic under control so they could take sensible precautions.Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting. Madonna''s speech about Michael Jackson, after his death, highlighted the fact that he will continue to live on through his music.It''s not only in world forums where public speaking plays an important role. It can also be surprisingly helpful in the course of our own lives.If you‟re taking part in a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness of your argument. In sports, athletes know the importance of a pep talk(鼓舞士气的讲话)before a match to inspire teammates. You yourself may be asked to do a presentation at college or work to inform the others about an area of vital importance.On a more personal level, a friend may be upset and need comforting. Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding, where your language will be needed to move people or make them laugh.Great speaking ability is not something we''re born with. Even Barack Obama works hard to perfect every speech. For a brilliant speech, there are rules that you can put to good use. To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.81. The author thinks the spoken word is still irreplaceable becauseA. it has always been used to inspire or persuade people.B. it has a big role to play in the entertainment business.C. it plays important roles in human communication.D. it is of great use in everyday-life context.82. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the role of public speaking?A. Speeches at world forums can lead to effective solutions to world problems.B. Speeches from medical authorities can calm people down in times of pandemics.C. The morale of soldiers before a battle can be boosted by senior officers'' speeches.D. Speeches paying tribute to the dead can comfort the mourners.83. Public speaking can play all the following roles EXCEPTA. to convince people in a debate.B. to inform people at a presentation.C. to advise people at work.D. to entertain people at a wedding.84. According to the passage, which of the following best explains the author''s view on “great speaking ability”?A. It comes from observing rules.B. It can be perfected with easy effort.C. It can be acquired from birth.D. It comes from learning and practice.85. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Public speaking in international forums.B. The many uses of public speaking.C. Public speaking in daily life context.D. The rules of public speaking.TEXT BEvery business needs two things, says Skullcandy CEO Rick Alden: inspiration and desperation. In 2001, Alden had both. He''d sold two snowboarding businesses, and he was desperately bored. But he had an idea: He wanted to make a new kind of headphone.“I kept see ing people missing their cell phone calls because they were listening to music,” he explains. Then I''m in a chairlift(索道), I''ve got my headphones on, and I realize my phone is ringing. As 1 take my gloves off and reach for my phone, I think, “It can''t b e that tough to make headphones with two plugs, one for music and one for your cell phone.”Alden described what he wanted to a designer, perfected a prototype, and outsourced(外包)manufacturing overseas.Alden then started designing headphones into helmets, backpacks - anywhere that would make it easy to listen to music while snowboarding. “Selling into board and skate shops wasn''t a big research effort,” he explains. “Those were the only guys I knew!”Alden didn‟t want to be a manufacturer. And by outs ourcing, he''d hoped he could get the business off the ground without debt. But he was wrong. So he asked his wife, “Can I put a mortgage(抵押贷款) on the house? She said, …What is the worst thing that can happen? We lose the house, we sell our cars, and we st art all over again.‟ I definitely married the right woman!”For the next two years, Alden juggled mortgage payments and payments to his manufacturers. “Factories won''t ship your product till they get paid,” he says. “But it takes four or five months to get a mortgage company so upset that they knock on your door. So we paid the factory first.”Gradually, non-snowboarders began to notice the colorful headphones. In 2006, the company started selling them in 1,400 FYE (For Your Entertainment) stores. “We knew that nine out often people walkinginto that store would be learning about Skullcandy for the first time. Why would they look at brands they knew and take home a new brand instead? We had agreed to buy back anything we didn‟t sell, but we were dealing with huge numbers. It‟d kill us to take back all the products.”Alden‟s fears faded as Skullcandy became the No. 1 headphone seller in those stores and tripled its revenue to $120 million in one year. His key insight was that headphones weren‟t gadgets; they were a fashion accessory. “In the beginning,” he says, “tha t little white wire that said you had an iPod—that was cool. But now wearing the white bud meansyou‟re just like everyone else. Headphones occupy this critical piece of cranial real estate and are highly visible.”Today, Skullcandy is America''s second-largest headphone supplier, after Sony. With 79 employees, the company is bigger than Alden ever imagined.86. Alden came up with the idea of a new kind of headphone because heA. was no longer in snowboarding business.B. had no other business opportunities.C. was very fond of modern music.D. saw an inconvenience among mobile users.87. The new headphone was originally designed forA. snowboarders.B. motorcyclists.C. mountain hikers.D. marathon runners.88. Did Alden solve the money problem?A. He sold his house and his cars.B. Factories could ship products before being paid.C. He borrowed money from a mortgage company.D. He borrowed money from his wife''s family.89. What did Alden do to promote sales in FYE stores?A. He spent more money on product advertising.B. He promised to buy back products not sold.C. He agreed to sell products at a discount.D. He improved the colour design of the product.90. Alden sees headphones asA. a sign of self-confidence.B. a symbol of status.C. part of fashion.D. a kind of device.TEXT CI was standing in my kitchen wondering what to have for lunch when my friend Taj called.“Sit down,” she said.I thought she was going to tell me she had just gotten the haircut from hell. I laughed and said, “It can''t be that bad.”But it was. Before the phone call, I had 30 years of retirement saving in a “safe” fund with a brilliant financial guru(金融大亨).When I put down the phone, my savings were gone. I felt as if I had died and, for some unknown reason, was still breathing.Since Bernie Madoff‟s arrest on charges of running a $65 million Ponzi scheme, I‟ve read many articles about how we investors should have known what was going on. I wish I could say I had reservations about Madoff before “the Call”, but I did not.On New Year‟s Eve, three weeks after we lost our savings, six of us Madoff people gathered at Taj''s house for dinner. As we were sitting around the table, someone asked, “If you could have your mone y back right now, but it would mean giving up what you have learned by losing it, would you take the money or would you take what losing the money has given you?”My husband was still in financial shock. He said, “I just want the money back.” I wasn''t c ertain where I stood. I knew that losing our money had cracked me wide open. I‟d been walking around like what the Buddhists call a hungry ghost: always focused on the bite that was yet to come, not the one in my mouth. No matter how much I ate or had ore xperienced, it didn‟t satisfy me, because I wasn‟t really taking it in, wasn''t absorbing it. Now I was forced to pay attention. Still, I couldn''t honestly say that if someone had offered me the money back, I would turn it down.But the other four all said that what they were seeing about themselves was incalculable, and they didn‟t think it would have becomeapparent without the ground of financial stability being ripped out from underneath them.My friend Michael said, “I‟d started to get complacent.It‟s as if the muscles of my heart started to atrophy(萎缩). Now they‟re awake, alive—and I don‟t want to go back.”These weren‟t just empty words. Michael and his wife needed to take in boarders to meet their expenses. Taj was so broke that she was movin g into someone‟s garage apartment in three weeks. Three friends had declared bankruptcy and weren''t sure where or how they were going to live.91. What did the author learn from Taj‟s call?A. had got an awful haircut.B. They had lost their retirement savings.C. Taj had just retired from work.D. They were going to meet for lunch.92. How did the author feel in the following weeks?A. Angry.B. Disappointed.C. Indifferent.D. Desperate.93. According to the passage, to which was sh e “forced to pay attention”?A. Her friends.B. Her husband.C. Her lost savings.D. Her experience.94. Which of the following statements is CORRECT about her friends?A. Her friends valued their experience more.B. Her friends felt the same as she did.C. Her friends were in a better financial situation.D Her friends were more optimistic than she.95. What is the message of the passage?A. Desire for money is human nature.B. One has to be decisive during crises.C. Understanding gained is more important than money lost.D. It is natural to see varied responses to financial crises.TEXT DIn the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There are all these torrents of passion flowing through you. Your job, as captain of your soul, is to erect dams to keep these passions in check. Your job is to just say no to laziness, lust, greed, drug use and the other sins.These days that model is out of fashion. You usually can‟t change your behaviour by simply resolving to do something. Knowing what to do is not the same as being able to do it. Your willpower is not like a dam that can block the torrent of self-indulgence. It''s more like a muscle, which tires easily. Moreover, you''re a social being. If everybody around you is overeating, you‟ll probably do so, too.The 19th-century character model was based on an understanding of free will. Today, we know that free will is bounded. People can change their lives, but ordering change is not simple because many things, even within ourselves, are beyond our direct control.Much of our behaviour, for example, is guided by unconscious habits. Researchers at Duke University calculated that more than 40 percent of the actions we take are governed by habit, not actual decisions. Researchers have also come to understand the structure of habits—cue, routine, reward.You can change your own personal habits. If you leave running shorts on the floor at night, that''ll be a cue to go running in the morning. Don‟t try to ignore your afternoon snack craving. Every time you feel the cue for a snack, insert another routine. Take a walk.Their research thus implies a different character model, which is supposed to manipulate the neural(神经系统的)networks inside.To be an effective person, under this model, you are supposed to coolly examine your own unconscious habits, and the habits of those under your care. You are supposed to devise strategies to alter the cues and routines. Every relationship becomes slightly manipulative, including your relationship with yourself. You''re trying to arouse certain responses by implanting certain cues.This is a bit disturbing, because the important habitual neural networks are not formed by mere routine, nor can they be reversed byclever cues. They are burned in by emotion and strengthened by strong yearnings, like the yearnings for admiration and righteousness.If you think you can change your life in a clever way, the way an advertiser can get you to buy an air freshener, you‟re proba bly wrong. As the Victorians understood, if you want to change your life, don‟t just look for a clever cue. Commit to some larger global belief.96. Which of the following is a key element in the 19th-century character model?A. Passion.B. Action.C. Capability.D. Determination.97. The 19th-century model supposedly does not work becauseA. there were many other factors beyond one''s control.B. it has worked unsatisfactorily most of the time.C. the comparison of free will to a dam is groundless.D. what one wishes to do should be considered carefully.98. What is the main implication of the research at Duke University?A. Habit is key to one''s behaviour.B. One‟s behaviour is difficult to change.C. Both habit and will power are important.D. Habit has an unidentified structure.99. According to the new character model, personal behaviour could be altered throughA. cues to stop all the former unconscious habits.B. cues to manipulate the habitual neural responses.C. techniques to devise different physical cues.D. techniques to supplement old routines.100. We learn from the passage that the new character modelA. stresses the neural and psychological aspects of habit change.B. can bring about changes in one''s life like what advertisers do.C. has been used to change behaviour successfully.D. deals better with emotional aspects of behaviour.2013年专四阅读理解答案PART V READING COMPREHENTION81—85 CACDB 86—90 DACBC 91—95 BDDAC 96—100 DAACA。
2013年12月大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案详解（全套）
2013年12月大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案详解（全套）2013年12月大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案（全套）——幸福就好我亦安2013年12月大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题（一）【阅读】Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people's hunger levels were pre dicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them—in other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol."Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says."This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
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洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌
21. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and —without major technological breakthroughs —we can’t do much about it. (2008年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主干为the real truth is that…。
that从句为is的表语，在该表语从句有两个由and连接的简单句we don’t know…warming和we can’t do much about it。
两个破折号之间的内容是对we can’t do much about it的原因解释。
【译文】但真相是，我们对缓解全球变暖知道的还不够多，并且——没有较大的技术突破——我们仍将束手无策。
22. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards. (2008年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主句为We need economic growth，从句为unless引导的条件状语从句。
在从句中，we有两个由and连接的谓宾：condemn…poverty 和freeze…standards。
【译文】我们需要经济增长，除非我们迫使世界上的穷人继续穷困潦倒，不提高他们的生活水平。
23. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. (2008年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主干为The trouble…is that…。
that引导的表语从句that it has become…one作is的表语，该表语从句中又包括一个由when引导的时间状语从句when it’s really an engineering one。
【译文】全球变暖的争论很伤脑筋的地方在于，全球变暖其实是一个技术问题，但在现在的争论中已经变成了一个道德问题。
24. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen —the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked. (2008年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主句主干为they will see you，从句为Whoever引导的让步状语从句Whoever it is。
in a way为see you的方式状语。
you never intended to be seen为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰的是way。
破折号在这里起解释说明的作用，解释前面的句子。
【译文】无论是谁，他们都会以一种你所不愿意被看到的方式来看你——21世纪就好像是一个被人裸视的时代。
25. Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. (2008年6月)
【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Psychologists tell us…。
us后接了两个宾语从句，第一个宾语从句为boundaries are healthy，省略了引导词that；第二个宾语从句为that引导的that it’s…times。
按照规则，若动词后跟两个由that引导的宾语从句，第一个宾语从句可省略引导词，但第二个宾语从句的引导词必须出现，不能省略。
【译文】心理学家告诉我们，隐私界线是健康的，在某些阶段，某个合适的时间，向朋友、家人和爱人展现你自己很重要。
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