现在完成时讲解和练习(有答案)

现在完成时讲解和练习

1. 现在完成时的构成: have\has+过去分词(过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化)

2. 现在完成时的四个基本句型

肯定句He has finished the work.

一般疑问句Has he finished the work 回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t.

否定句He has not finished the work.

特殊疑问句What has he done

3.现在完成时的用法:

A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如：Thecarhasarrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）

Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）

B.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词howlong等。例如：Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。

Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.自从2002年Mr.Black一直住在中国。

Howlonghaveyoubeenhere你来这里多久了

4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时

(1)九词语

①already已经肯定句中或句尾.: I have already found my pen.

= I have found my pen already.

②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾.：I have not finished the work yet.

Have you bought a computer yet ③ever曾经句中

.：Have you ever seen pandas

④never从不句中

.：I have never been to Beijing.⑤just刚刚句中

.：I have just done my work.

⑥before以前句尾

.：I have never been there before.

⑦so far到目前为止

.：So far he has learnt 200 words.

⑧how long多久

.：How long have you lived here

⑨how many times多少次

.：How many times has he been to Beijing

(3)三词组

gone to去了某地表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”.：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)

been to去过某地表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”

.：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)

beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,howlong .: Mr.BrownhasbeeninBeijingforthreedays.布朗先生来北京已经有三天了

4.如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。

.：Have you lost your library book 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗

5.现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型

They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。

This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。

It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。

6.在现在完成时中，瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语连用

.：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）

因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：

①He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)

②He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)

③It’s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.

（改为固定句型It is ---since---）

④He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改为否定句）

⑤He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）

7. 还有其他瞬间动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：

①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here

：I have come here for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been here for 3 years.

②leave/go →be aw ay

.：He has left for 3 hours.（错）改为：He has been away for 3 hours.

③begin/start →be on

.：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错）改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.

④open →be open / close → be closed

.：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.

⑤die →be dead

.：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.

⑥finish/end→ be over

例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) 改为：The work has been over for 3 days

⑦join例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）

改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.

⑧buy /catch → have

.：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错）改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.

He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错）改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.

⑨borrow → keep

：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错）改为：I have kept the book for 3 years.

还有其它的归纳如下：

leave---beawayborrow---keepbuy---havedie---bedeadbegin/start---beonfinish---beoverfallill---beillgetup---beup catchacold---haveacoldputon--wear

come/become/go---beherefallasleep---beasleepgetto/arrive/reach---be(in)gettoknow---know

join----beamemberof...(成为…的一员)open---beopenclose---beclose break → be broken \ get up → be up marry → be married \ become → be \ lose → be lost \

8.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别

1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday。）

Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）

2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…

ago,lastweek/...In2008,inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday...Then(那时),thatday,oneday,once(从前)

一、写出以下常用瞬间动词的相应延续性动词：

1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at…

2. have come/gone back/returned → ____________

3. have come/gone out →___________

4. have become →________________________ / opened→_____________________

6. have got up →________________________ ；

7. have died →________________________；