成都信息工程大学科技英语翻译期末复习

Chapter 1

Part 1 Features of English for Science &Technology

EST大多采用较正式的文体，着眼于准确、客观地传达信息，因此大量使用比较正式的科技术语(terminology)、非限定动词(non-finite verb)、名词化结构(nominalizaiton)、被动语态(passive voice)、长复句(long sentences, complex sentences andcompound sentences)等。

Part 2 General Introduction to Contrastive Studies of English and Chinese

形合(Hypotactic/ hypotaxis)

意合(Paratactic/ parataxis)

end weight VS end focus

句末重心（end-weight）

In grammar, end-weight is the principle by which longer structures tend to occur later in a sentence than shorter structures.

For example:

(a) We'll have to put the next meeting of the General Assembly off.

(b) We'll have to put off the next meeting of the General Assembly.

The order of (b) is clearly much more acceptable than that of (a).

句末焦点（end focus）

In English grammar, end-focus is the principle that the most important information in a clause or sentence is placed at the end.

For example:

---Someone parked a large furniture van last night right outside our front door.

---It was parked right outside our front door last night, a large furniture van.

中西语言文化差异：

★英语形合(Hypotactic)，汉语意合(Paratactic)

形合：词语或分句之间用语言形式手段（如关联词）连接起来，表达语法意义和逻辑关系。→语言形式严谨preciseness

意合：词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接，其中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的含义表达。→语言形式简洁conciseness

★西方文化直线型(straight line)VS.中国文化螺旋型(circular line)

★英语重形式接应(formal cohesion), 汉语重意念连贯(semantic coherence)

Part 3 Techniques of EST Translation

1. 直译(Literal translation)：

2. 意译(Free translation/paraphrase)：

Chapter 2 Conversion词类转换法

Finding 1：静态(static)VS.动态(dynamic)

static noun -- adjective

dynamic verb -- adverb

Finding 2: 名词优势（Nominalizaiton(名词化结构)

名词化(nominalization)：把动词或动词短语转换为含有动作含义的名词或是名词短语。

Chapter Four Passive Voice 被动语态

Finding 1：被动（passive）VS. 主动(active)

Finding 2: 非人称主语VS. 人称主语（物称(impersonal)VS.人称(personal)）Chapter Five The Translation of Attributive Clause 定语从句的译法

先行词(antecedent)

逻辑顺序：演绎(deduction) VS. 归纳(induction)

分译法（division）：改变原文结构，把原文的某个成分分离出来，译成一个独立的成分、从句或并列分句。英译汉常用分译法。

合译法(combination)：将不同的句子成分组合在一起，用一个单句来表达。汉译英常用合译法。

1. Follow the Original Order（顺序译法）

2. Invert the Original Order/ to go against the sentence order（逆序译法）

3.Split a Long Sentence into Shorter Parts or Sentences（分译法/拆译法）

4. Change the Original Order（变序译法）

Chapter Six Translation of Adverbial Clause 状语从句的译法

顺译法to keep the original sentence order

倒译法to go against the sentence order

变序法to change the original order

分译法/拆译法to split a long sentence into shorter parts or sentences

Chapter Seven Division and Combination in Translation分译法和合译法

英语往往是一般在前、具体在后（演绎）deduction

汉语则是由先到后、由具体到一般（归纳）induction