研究生学位英语课文全文翻译-unit5

合集下载

研究生英语综合教程崔校平Unit5课文翻译

Text AWhat in the Air Causes Lung Cancer?空气中的什么东西导致了肺癌？Many have assumed that air pollution causes cancer, but proof was lacking. Until now.许多人都认为空气污染会导致癌症，但缺乏证据。

直到现在。

Last month (October 2013)the World Health Organization's cancer arm, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), declared that air pollution is a carcinogen. While physicians and others have long intuited a relationship between poor air quality and malignancy, few scientific organizations officially recognized the link. Proof was lacking.上个月（2013年10月），世界卫生组织的癌症部门--国际癌症研究机构（IARC）宣布，空气污染是一种致癌物。

虽然医生和其他人长期以来一直认为恶劣的空气质量与恶性肿瘤之间存在关系，但很少有科学组织正式承认这种联系。

证据是缺乏的。

The new designation rests on findings of a large analysis published in Lancet Oncology. The ESCAPE trial drew data from registries involving over 312,000 individuals in nine European countries followed for over 12 years, on average. The investigators used several models to evaluate possible associations between the sizes, types, and density of particles in air, or traffic patterns, and lung cancer cases. They checked for social and economic factors, like fruit consumed per person, age, sex, and education levels that might confound the data, and assessed smoking habits. A total of 2,095 lung cancer cases emerged within the study population. The researchers observed a clear, positive correlation between the amount of particulate matter in air sampled near a person's address and the odds of developing lung cancer. They also identified a weaker but statistically significant link between the volume of road traffic near an individual's home and the chances of a lung cancer diagnosis.这项新的指定基于发表在《柳叶刀肿瘤学》上的一项大型分析的结果。

unit5_硕士英语综合教程_课文翻译

Unit 5(Para. 1) It was a year ago that the term H1N1 entered the American consciousness. In April 2009, researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) discovered thattwo children in California had been infected with a new strain of influenza virus — originally dubbed “swine flu” but eventually and more accurately known as H1N1— even as Mexican health officials grappled with major outbreaks of a new flulike illness. Bythe end of the month, with new cases popping up in New York City, Canada and Europe, officials had come to realize they had a global emergency on their hands.正是一年前，美国人才意识到甲流这个词的内涵。

2009年4月，美国疾病控制与预防中心的研究人员发现，两名加利福尼亚儿童感染了一种新型流感病毒，起初人们称它为“猪流感”，正当墨西哥卫生官员称其为一场新型流感病毒的大爆发时，研究人员最终将其确认为甲流病毒。

截止到当月底，伴随着新增感染病例在纽约、加拿大和欧洲各国的不断涌现，政府才意识到他们所面临情况的刻不容缓。

(Para. 2) Within weeks, the H1N1 virus was spreading around the world, and by June the World Health Organization (WHO) had raised the alert level again, officially declaring an influenza pandemic.数周内，甲流病毒的阴影波及全球，到六月底，世界卫生组织已经再次提高其警戒指数，正式宣布为严重流行性感冒。

研究生英语课文翻译Unit 5 Take a Lesson from the Economists

Take a Lesson from the EconomistsEconomics is the dismal science:so say the large number of people who heap scorn on the intellectual merits of the discipline,Much of the criticism comes from “pure”or “proper”scientists-physicists,chemists and biologists.Now,economics certainly has its failings.But the general way in which economists approach and describe the world,and how they convey their message about it to others,carries lessons which pure scientists should learn from.经济学是一门忧郁的科学，很多人都嘲笑这个学科获得的智力成果。

这其中的很多批评都来自于所谓的纯科学学科或者合理的科学学科-物理，化学和生物。

当下，经济学当然是有它的不足。

但是经济学家发现和描述世界的方式，以及他们如何向别人传达与之有关的信息，其实是有很多地方值得这些纯科学家学习的。

Economics has inexactitudes and vagueness built into it.The general lack of reliable data about past events makes virtually impossible the accurate measurement of even the most basic economic variables,such as the total volume of output in a country,or the path of consumer spending,or inflation.经济学包含很多不精确性和含糊性。

研究生英语精读教程课文原文+翻译+短文unit5

这一说法既表达了对即将来临的灭顶之灾的意识，也满怀着使环境保护论带有道义紧迫感这一大的目标。

同时这种说法也表明环境保护论言过其实，这种夸大在其他任何场合都会被视为是在危言耸听或愚蠢的欺骗。

Up to a point, our environmental awareness has checked a mindless enthusiasm for unrestrained economic growth.We have sensibly curbed some of growth's harmful side effects. But environmentalism increasingly resembles a holy crusade addicted to hypeand ignorant of history.Every environmental ill is depicted as an onrushing calamity that—if not stopped will end life as we know it.就某种程度而言，我们的环境意识遏制了对自由经济增长所表现出的盲目热情。

新编研究生英语阅读-Unit5课文翻译及分析(西农适用)

Poverty, Development and Environment文章逻辑：一开始开篇点题提出观点：发展中国家地区的农村居民相当依赖自然资源来维持生计，并且随着人口在增加而资源在减少，人口和资源就产生了一种不可持续的矛盾。

而且随着人们对自然资源的开发，自然资源日益匮乏，其中就有红树林，珊瑚礁和热带雨林三个例子，然后最后再提出建议如何改善贫困地区的人们的生活，如何帮助其脱贫。

文章中关系：这里面的关系是：农业生产产值为GDP的增加贡献了最多的部分，而产业结构中农业独大，制造业工业不强，导致农业生产效率低，并且制造业不发达无法提供足够就业岗位让贫穷地区的人民去从事非农就业。

然后发展，其实就是对应的经济发展嘛，经济发展缓慢，所以农业利用效率不高，所以一方面人们很贫穷，而贫穷又没法去从事非农就业，只能从事农业，而由于农业生产过度依赖自然资源，所以又对自然资源造成极大的压力，效率又不高，农业产值在国民经济产值占比高。

然后就是这种循环，原因还是农业生产效率低，又缺少制造业产业链行业，经济发展缓慢，所以最后提出建议，要加大基础设施，卫生医疗和教育的投资，人力资本投资，解决人们对无法便捷获得贷款、交易成本贵，不能从事制造业的问题，提高制造业在国民经济中的占比，提高农业效率。

文章结构：第1段—第2段：introduction，说明了全文的背景：发展中国家地区的农村居民相当依赖自然资源维持生计，而人口增加和资源减少就产生了一种不可持续的矛盾；第3段—第7段：current situation，一开始说明发展中国家的主要生态系统包括红树林，珊瑚礁和热带雨林已经开始消亡，然后分别介绍红树林，珊瑚礁和热带雨林流域的现状及其原有的功能；第8段—第12段：suggestions，针对前面说明的现状，提出可行的两种建议，可以直接对贫困地区的人们进行补偿以避免开发，其次是针对贫困地区进行投资，聚焦长期结构性提升贫困地区的基础设施和人力资本情况；第一段：提出本文的主题：发展中国家的人口直接依赖自然资源，并且农业产值在GDP中占有相当大的比重，绝大部分劳动力也是从事农业资源型活动，但是随着人口越来越多和资源越来越少，这样产生了矛盾。

研究生学位英语课文全文翻译-unit5

Unit5 三明治人－－生存在夹缝中的一代人1九月上旬，安妮接到卡尔加伏特山医院打来的电话，要她将住院的母亲接回家去。

已经84岁高龄的老母亲易瑞尼从三月中风以来就一直住在医院，接受精心地护理。

2六个月后，易瑞尼可以自己吃饭，也能下床走动。

但记性依然不好。

看样子，在敬老院腾出床位前她是不可能回家独自生活的。

已经42岁的安妮是社会服务顾问，同丈夫同住卡尔加城，家里还有三个孩子，老大19岁，老二15岁，最小的11岁。

安妮回忆接母亲的事时说：“她非常虚弱，简直弱不禁风。

我跟医院一再解释，我们不能接她回家——我们没法接她回来。

”但福特山医院答应帮忙安排家庭护理，安妮便将母亲接回了家。

要求隐去全名的安妮说：“这真让我们惊慌失措。

从医学上讲，医院已无力回天，他们要我接回母亲也有道理。

但是，我也无法照料好自己的老母。

”3安妮就是生活在夹缝中的人员之一上要顾老，下要顾小，同时还得努力雕自己的饭碗。

据估计在女口拿大，年长的亲戚与小一辈的家庭咸员生活在一起的大家庭大约有12万家。

尽管统计数字显示这样的大家庭越来越少，但那些确实搬到了子女家并与子女同住的大家庭已经发生了巨大的变化，他们与原来的大家庭完全不一样了，一方面现在的长辈子女少些，因而分担家庭重担的人相应减少了；另一方面，现代家庭中的女孩也都出外工作。

实际上，渥太华凡妮家庭研究所行政与交流主任安兰·马瑞贝里指出现代家庭中的一对夫妻平均一周要工作65~80小时，而20世纪50年代则只有4㈠5小时。

他说：“现代人的劳动强度是过去的两倍，只有这样才能维持一定的生活水平，”而这一变化完全为人们所忽略，相反公众舆论要求有些医疗保健上的负担从政府部门转到各个家庭，这样也许各家庭的经济问题解决了，但是，“我们不能只凭假设就认为我们能得到足够的医护人员，因为现代家庭已发生了很大的变化。

’4同时，马瑞贝里也意识到要让那些特护病人顺利回家，确实“各有各的难处”。

加拿大人流动性大，有一半的家庭平均每五年会换一个地方——家庭成员也天南地北。

Unit 5研究生英语课文翻译

Unit 5 Text1Lincoln in History1．The annals of the past contain few accounts of truly good men. Historians are more used to analyzing a mixture of ingredients, good and bad intentions, success and failure, high endeavors threatened by flaws in execution, and to balance out the sums ending with a careful plus or minus.过去的那些历史，对伟人的描述不多。

历史学家习惯于综合的来分析一个人，动机的好与坏，成功或失败，他很努力了，但是在执行的过程中也会有些小错误，他通过略加酌减来综合平衡，最终得出结论。

2．Lincoln is rare in providing much for history to ponder and reflect on but little to dispute with except in the shortcomings in the execution of his policies. He is the rarer for his absolute success through four years of bitter politics and bloody warfare.He sought power, without pretending otherwise, and exercised it to the full. But he is singular, perhaps unique in history, in that he was never corrupted by power. His ambition was tied not to personal gain but to a pair of succeeding and complementary principles; to restore a nation dedicated to the proposition that “all men are created equal” and to ensure that a union so recovered was purged of the great contradiction which had lain at the heart of its constitution.林肯提供给历史来思考的地方不多，除了在他执政过程中的一些缺憾，没有让人争论的东西。

武汉大学研究生英语课文翻译Unit5

4. migration:
Para.12, the last sentence:
By contrast, women retain a…shared level of…and…and…as their roles and duties change.
他们的热情不久就消失了。
forestry projects
as…as anticipated：如(像)预期的那样…
参考译文
然而，当改进后的炉灶和造林工程没有获得预期的成功时，扶持项目的基金便逐渐紧缩了。
Para.5
1. revive. v. (使)苏醒, (使)复兴/复活, revival. n. E.g. economical revival 此段的第一句：Attention to … and its impact on …
2. play a key role in… 3. energy conservation 4. renewable energy technology
Para.11
1. Land tenure n. ① (law) (土地，资产) 拥有权，保有期 ② (大学或其他机构中教师等的)长期聘用，终身职位
norms: 标准；规范 standard normal，adj.
complicate: v. -ed, adj.
参考译文：有时候，文化和社会准则对妇女寄予额外的期望、约束和局限，使其情况进一步复杂化。
the last sentence, Para.1
In no regions of the world are … equal to …
很多人大概这样说过:人与人的紧密联系，可以带来坚固的凝聚力。
alleviation n.缓和 ,减轻， alleviate v.

研究生英语综合教程上 unit5原文翻译

Unit FiveThe term yoga comes from a Sanskrit word which mean s yoke or union. Traditionally, yoga is a method joining the individual self with the Divine, Universal Spirit, or CosmicConsciousness. Physical and mental exercises ar e designed to help achieve this goal, also called self-tran scendence or enlightenment. On the physical level yoga postures, called asanas, are designed to tone, strengthen, and align me body. These postures are performed to ma ke the spine supple and healthy and to promote blood fl ow to all the organs, glands, and tissues, keeping all the bodily systems healthy. On the mental level, yoga uses b reathing techniques (pranayama) and meditation (dydna )to quiet, clarify, and discipline the mind. However, exp erts are quick to point out that yoga is not a religion, but away of living with health and peace of mind as its aim s. “瑜伽”这个词源于梵语，意思是“结合”或“联合”传统上瑜伽是一种把个人和神，万物之灵或无穷的意识联合在一起的方法。

21世纪工程硕士研究生英语-综合教程（下册）Unit5课文翻译

21世纪工程硕士研究生英语-综合教程（下册）Unit5课文翻译UNIT 52. Workers of the world, get out your crystal balls. Just as the last decades have brought immense changes to the workplace—the influx of women, the advent of computers, the decline of organized labor, the rise of the service sector—the decades ahead will bring changes just as dramatic. Trying to make refined predictions of what work will look like decades from now is an exercise in folly, economists say, since the biggest changes will probably come from technological innovations we can only dream about. “T o try to predict technology, you really go out on a limb,” says David Bills, author of The New Modern Times, a book on the past and future of work. But what lies ahead is not completely unpredictable. Demographers can tell us much about what the work force will look like 10 or 15 years out. Charting other changes is a matter of extrapolating from existing trends while hoping not to be embarrassed.全世界的劳动者们，拿出你们占卜用的水晶球来预测下未来。

Unit 5 reading新时代研究生综合英语课文翻译

杰弗里·纳恩伯格语言学家，加州大学伯克利分校信息学院副教授
Otto von Bismarck
• Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg, Prince of Bismarck, (April 1, 1815 – July 30, 1898), was a Prussian and German statesman of the 19th century. As Minister-President of Prussia from 1862–90, he oversaw the unification of Germany. From 1867 on, he was Chancellor of the North German Confederation. When the second German Empire was formed in 1871, he served as its first Chancellor and practiced Realpolitik which gained him the nickname "Iron Chancellor". As Chancellor, Bismarck held an important role in German government and greatly influenced German and international politics both during and after his time of service.
in retrospect
• thinking back to a time in the past, especially with the advantage of knowing more now than you did then回顾；回想 • －In retrospect, I wonder if we should have done more. • －In retrospect, I made the right decision. • －What is interesting in retrospect is how wrong our assumptions were.

研究生英语综合教程上 unit5原文翻译

研究生英语精读教程课文原文+翻译+短文unit5

The End Is Not at HandThe environmental rhetoric overblown.The planet will surviveRobert J. SamuelsonWhoever coined the phrase "save the planet" is a public relation genius. It conveys the sense of impending catastrophe and high purpose that has wrapped environmentalism in an aura of moral urgency.It also typifies environmentalism's rhetorical excesses, which, in any other context, would be seen as wild exaggeration or simple dishonesty.无论是谁杜撰了"拯救地球〞这一说法,他都是一位公共关系方面的天才.这一说法既表达了对即将来临的灭顶之灾的意识,也满怀着使环境保护论带有道义紧迫感这一大的目标.同时这种说法也表明环境保护论言过其实,这种夸大在其他任何场合都会被视为是在危言耸听或愚蠢的欺骗.Up to a point, our environmental awareness has checked a mindless enthusiasm for unrestrained economic growth.We have sensibly curbed some of growth's harmful side effects. But environmentalism increasingly resembles a holy crusade addicted to hype and ignorant of history.Every environmental ill is depicted as an onrushing calamity that—if not stopped will end life as we know it.就某种程度而言,我们的环境意识遏制了对自由经济增长所表现出的盲目热情.我们已明智地抑制了增长中所出现的一些有害的副作用,但是环境保护论却越来越像一场沉缅于狂热的宣传与对历史一无所知的圣战.每一由环境问题引发的不幸都被描绘成一场势不可挡的灾难.这场灾难如不加以制止,正像我们所知晓的那样,就会摧毁生命.Take the latest scare: the greenhouse effect. We' re presented with the horrifying specter of a world that incinerates itself.Act now, or sizzle later. Food supplies will wither. Glaciers will melt. Coastal areas will flood. In fact, the probable losses from any greenhouse warming are modest: 1 to 2 percent of our economy's output by the year 2050, estimates economist William Cline.The loss seems even smaller compared with the expected growth of the economy <a doubling> over the same period.以最近出现的恐慌——温室效应——为例.展现在我们面前的是一个自我焚毁、可怕的幽灵般的世界.即刻行动,否则世界将咝咝烧焦.食品供应即将枯竭.冰川即将溶化.沿海地区即将淹没.事实上,任何温室热效应可能造成的损失都是有限的：经济学家威廉·克莱恩估计,到2050年只占我们经济产出的1%到2%.与预想的同期经济增长<翻一番>相比,这一损失更显得微不足道.No environmental problem threatens the "planet" or rates with the danger of a nuclear war.No oil spill ever caused suffering on a par with today's civil war in Yugoslavia, which isa minor episode in human misery. World WarⅡleft more than35 million dead. Cambodia's civil war resulted in 1 million to 3 million deaths.The great scourges of humanity remain what they have always been: war, natural disaster, oppressive government, crushing poverty and hate. On any scale of tragedy, environmental distress is a featherweight.没有任何环境问题威胁这颗"星球〞,任何环境问题无法用核战争所带所来的危害来衡量.任何石油溢出造成的危害也无法同今日南斯拉夫内战——它不过是人类苦难中的一段小插曲——相比拟.第二次世界大战导致 3 500 多万人死亡.柬埔寨内战导致100至300万人死亡.人类的巨大祸患一如既往：战争、自然灾害、暴虐政府、极度的贫困与仇恨.在悲剧的任何尺度上,环境问题造成的痛苦都轻如鸿毛.This is not an argument for indifference or inaction. It is an argument for perspective and balance. You can believe <as I do> that the possibility of greenhouse warming enhances an already strong case for an energy tax.A tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports, cut the budget deficit and promote energy efficient investments that make economic sense.这并非在为漠不关心或无动于衷进行辩解,这是在为前途和平衡而进行辩论.你可以相信<像我那样>,温室热效应的可能性强化了已具说服力的征缴能源税的理由.税收会抑制通常的空气污染,限制石油进口,减少预算赤字并提高具有经济意义的能效投入.But it does not follow that anyone who disagrees with me is evil or even wrong.On the greenhouse effect, for instance, there‘s ample scientific doubt over whether warming will occur and, if so, how much. Moreover, the warming would occur over decades. People and businesses could adjust. To take one example: farmers could shift to more heat-resistant seeds.但这并非意味着同我观点相悖的人就是居心叵测,或甚至是错误的.例如,就温室效应而言,热效应是否会发生,如果发生,其程度如何,对这类问题还存在大量的科学疑问.此外,热效应的发生需几十年的时间.人与行业可以进行调整.举一例：农民可改用更为耐热的种子.Unfortunately, the impulse of many environmentalists is to vilify and simplify. Critics of environmental restrictions are portrayed as selfish and ignorant creeps.Doomsday scenarios are developed to prove the seriousness of environmental dangers. Cline‘s recent greenhouse study projected warming 250 years into the future. Guess what, it increases sharply. This is anabsurd exercise akin to predicting life in 1992 at the time of the French and Indian War <1754～1763>.遗憾的是,许多环境保护论者感情用事,搞中伤和将事情简单化.环境限制法的批评者被描绘为自私自利、愚昧无知的小人.创作出了有关世界末日的电影剧本以证实环境危险的严重性.克莱恩最近对温室效应的研究展现了热效应在今后250年间的变化.猜猜吧,结果是什么?它在急剧增长.这就类似于一种在法印战争〔1754~1763〕时期预言1992的生活的无稽之谈.The rhetorical overkill is not just innocent excess. It clouds our understanding. For starters, it minimizes the great progress that has been made, especially in industrialized countries. In the United States, air and water pollution have dropped dramatically.Since 1960, particulate emissions <soot, cinders> are down by 65 percent. Lead emissions have fallen by 97 percent since 1970. Smog has declined in most cities.大谈特谈过多的伤亡并非过分的无知,它混淆人们的视听.对工业刚起步的国家来说,它低估了特别是工业化国家已取得的巨大成就.在美国,空气与水污染已得到显著缓解.自1960年以来,微颗粒物排放量〔煤灰、煤渣〕已下降65%.自1970年以来,铅排放量已降低97%.在大多数城市中,烟雾已减少.What's also lost is the awkward necessity for choices. Your environmental benefit may be my job. Not every benefit is worth having at any cost.Economists estimate that environmental regulations depress the economy's output by 2.6 to 5 percent, or about $150 billion to $290 billion. <Note: this is larger than the estimated impact of global warming.> For that cost, we've lowered health risks and improved our surroundings. But some gains are small compared with the costs. And some costs are needlessly high because regulations are rigid.同时我们也受到损失.这就是必须进行棘手的选择.你在环保方面所得到的好处也许就是我应尽的义务.并非每种利益都值得不惜任何代价而求之.经济学家估计,环境法规使经济产出下降2.6%至5%,或 1 500亿至2 900亿美元〔注：这一数字大于全球热效应的估计影响〕.我们用这一代价的确减轻了给身体所带来的危害,并且改善了我们的环境.但是,有些却得不偿失,而且由于法规的刻板僵化而使得一些代价毫无必要地上升.Balance: The worst sin of environmental excess is its bias against economic growth. The cure for the immense problems of poor countries usually lies with economic growth. A recent report from the World Bank estimates that more than 1 billion people lack healthy water supplies and sanitary facilities.Theresult is hundreds of millions of cases of diarrhea annually and the deaths of 3 million children <2 million of which the World Bank judges avoidable>. Only by becoming wealthier can countries correct these conditions.平衡：过份夸大环境作用的最大罪过是对经济增长所执的偏见.解决贫困国家所存在的大量问题通常与经济增长息息相关.世界银行最近的一份报告估计, 10亿多人缺少健康用水和卫生设施.其结果是每年成千百万人患痢疾,并导致三百万儿童死亡〔世界银行认为,其中200万人可以免于死亡〕.国家只有变得富裕起来才能改变这些状况.Similarly, wealthier societies have both the desire and the income to clean their air and water. Advanced nations have urban-air-pollution levels only a sixth that of the poorest countries. Finally, economic growth tends to reduce high birthrates, as children survive longer and women escape traditional roles.与此同理,较富庶的国家既具有愿望也具有财政收入来静化空气和用水,发达国家的城市空气污染仅为贫穷国家的六分之一.最终,经济增长将降低高的出生率,因为儿童寿命延长了,妇女也摆脱了传统的角色.Yes, we have environmental problems. Reactors in the former Soviet Union pose safety risks. Economic growth and theenvironment can be at odds. Growth generates carbon dioxide emissions and causes more waste. But these problems are not - as environmental rhetoric implies - the main obstacles to sustained development. The biggest hurdle is inept government. Inept government fostered unsafe reactors. Inept government hampers food production in poor countries by, say, preventing farmers from earning adequate returns on their crops.的确,我们存在环境问题.前苏联的反应堆给安全造成威胁.经济增长与环境会发生矛盾.增长产生二氧化碳排放物,并且造成更多的废弃物.但是这些问题并不像环境保护论者夸夸其谈的那样,是持续发展的主要障碍.最大的障碍是无能的政府.无能的政府培育出无安全保障的反应堆.在贫穷的国家,无能的政府,比如说,通过限止农民从其作物中获得适当的利润,阻碍食品生产.By now, everyone is an environmentalist. But the label is increasingly meaningless, because not all environmental problems are equally serious and even the serious ones need to be balanced against other concerns. Environmentalism should hold the hype. It should inform us more and frighten us less.到现在为止,人人都是环境保护论者,但是这种说法越来越没有意义,因为并非一切环境问题都同样严重,甚至即使那些严重的环境问题也需要同其他利害关系来均衡考虑.环境保护论应当终止那种刺激性宣传.它应当给予我们更多一些信息,更少一些恐吓.Supplementary ReadingJAKARTA - Planet Earth was battered by floods, drought and fire in 1997, a year which ended with the world's major polluters squabbling over ways to prevent further environmental disaster.The 160 nations attending a UN conference on global warming, billed as one of the most vital ever held, finally reached a consensus on cutting greenhouse gas emissions through the next decade.The climate was dominated in the latter part of the year by El Nino, an upswelling of warmer water off the South American coast which affects global weather patterns."I think for sure the most dramatic thing has been the El Nino phenomenon that has been experienced throughout the tropics," said Jeffrey Sayer, director general of the International Centre for Forestry Research <CIFOR>,at Bogor near Jakarta.El Nino, called by Peruvian fisherman after the Christ Child because of its appearance around Christmas, is being blamed for widespread floods and drought in the tropics, and has affected other areas as well.A major manifestation of the phenomenon was drought-aggravated bush fires in Indonesia that spread a choking smog across large areas of Southeast Asia before badly delayed monsoon rains started to fall in late November.Floods swept arid Somalia in East Africa, while the rain forests of Indonesia's lrian Jaya dried out and hundreds of tribes people died from starvation and disease.Apart from El Nino, eastern and central Europe suffered the worst floods in living memory in early July, with over 100 people killed in Poland and the Czech Republic, and many thousands of families displaced through the region and eastern Germany.In the ancient Japanese capital of Kyoto, a UN gathering of 159 countries finally agreed on cutting greenhouse gas emissions after 11 days of frenetic negotiations."Perhaps this day will be in the future remembered as the Day of the Atmosphere," conference chairman Raul Estrada told the conference after a treaty text was passed by consensus on December 11.The conference agreed that developed nations should cut emission of carbon dioxide and other "greenhouse" gases blamed for global warming.The United States accepted a 7 per cent cut from 1990 levels by 2008～2112, the European Union 8 per cent and Japan 6 per cent.The conference accepted scientific evidence that heating of the Earth's surface by gases trapped in the atmosphere causes more and fiercer storms, expanding deserts, melting polar ice and raising sea levels which threaten to submerge low lying islands-and some island states, such as the Maldives in the Indian Ocean.The United States wants developing countries brought under the emission control umbrella and the treaty still faces a major hurdle in its passage in Washington through a potentially hostile Republican Congress.US Vice President Al Gore called the Kyoto agreement "a vital turning point", but echoed the EU's Environment Minister Ritt Bjerregaard that more still needed to be done."This is not good enough for the future...we would like the parties to be more ambitious," Bjerregaard said.Indonesia's Environment Minister Sarwono Kusumaatmadja said it was up to the developed countries to provide the leadership to guarantee Earth's future.The Kyoto conference would at least provide a greaterawareness of environmental problems, particularly as it took place in an El Nino year."But there is always a time lag between awareness and action, and I think that the time lag can be very long..."he said.He also condemned Western criticism of the environmental and conservation policies of developing countries, saying "market forces" were responsible for many of the problems."Basically, we are facing problems with the present contemporary civilization with its consumption and production attitude...."The market is not friendly to the environment ,and we are part of the market. It is too big a problem for us to handle ...so they want to have their cake and eat it."They want to have their market and they want to have us perform as guardians of the world's environment without them having anything to do with it."The Kyoto conference also pitted big business against campaigners for the environment-although major insurance organizations did offer support to the "greens".CIFOR's Sayer told reporters that a major development in the last two or three years was the emergence of major multinational corporations in the global timber industry."This is not necessarily a bad thing because those companies also have the resources to practice sustainable forestry if they are motivated to do so."。

河海大学研究生英语unit5翻译

Unit 5 Take a Lesson from the Economists Economics is the dismal science: so say the large number of people who heap sc orn on the intellectural merits of the discipline. Much of the criticism comes from "pu re" or "proper" scientist —— physicists, chemists and biologists. Now, economics cer tainly has its failings. But the general way in which economists approach and describe the world, and how they convey their message about it to others , carries lessons whic h pure scientists should learn from.经济学是沉闷的科学:所以说,大量的人嗤之以鼻的方式的优点的纪律。

大部分的批评来自于“纯”或“适当的”科学家——物理学家、化学家和生物学家。

现在,经济学当然有其缺点。

但是一般的方式方法和描述这个世界的经济学家,以及他们如何传达他们的消息对其他人,上了一课,纯科学家应该学习。

Economics has inexactitudes and vagueness built into it. The general lack of rel iable data about past events makes virtually impossible the accurate measurement of e ven the most basic economic variables, such as the total volume of output in a country , or the path of consumer spending, or inflation.经济学是由不精确性和模糊性建成的。

研究生英语精读教程课文原文翻译短文unit5

这一说法既表达了对即将来临的灭顶之灾的意识，也满怀着使环境保护论带有道义紧迫感这一大的目标。

同时这种说法也表明环境保护论言过其实，这种夸大在其他任何场合都会被视为是在危言耸听或愚蠢的欺骗。

Up to a point, our environmental awareness has checked a mindless enthusiasm for unrestrained economic growth.We have sensibly curbed some of growth's harmful side effects. But environmentalism increasingly resembles a holy crusade addicted to hype and ignorant of history.Every environmental ill is depicted as an onrushing calamity that—if not stopped will end life as we know it.就某种程度而言，我们的环境意识遏制了对自由经济增长所表现出的盲目热情。

研究生英语课文翻译Unit 5

这其中的很多批评都来自于所谓的纯科学学科或者合理的科学学科-物理，化学和生物。

当下，经济学当然是有它的不足。

但是经济学家发现和描述世界的方式，以及他们如何向别人传达与之有关的信息，其实是有很多地方值得这些纯科学家学习的。

研究生英语系列教材下unit5原文+翻译

Unit5 An Alpine Divorce1.John Bodman was a man who was always at one extreme or the other. This probably would have mattered little had he not married a wife whose nature was an exact duplicate of his own.1约翰?伯德曼是一个常常走极端的人。

这本来应该没什么，但可惜，他妻子的性格整个儿是他的翻版。

2.Doubtless there exists in this world precisely the right woman for any given man to marry and vice versa; but when you consider that one human being has the opportunity of being acquainted with only a few hundred people, and out of the few hundred that there are but a dozen or less whom one knows intimately, and out of the dozen, one or two close friends at most, it will easily be seen, when we remember the number of millions who inhabit this world, that probably, since the Earth was created, the right man has never yet met the right woman. The mathematical chances are all against such a meeting, and this is the reason that divorce courts exist. Marriage at best is but a compromise, and if two people happen to be united who are of an uncompromising nature there is bound to be trouble.2毋庸置疑，对于任何一个男人，这世上总会有一个相当合适的女人能和他成家，反之亦然。

研究生综合英语第二版曾建彬主编课文翻译Unit5

Unit Five一个小时的故事凯特·肖班马拉德太太有心脏病，要告知她丈夫意外身亡，得格外小心才是。

她姐姐约瑟芬来亲口转告，吞吞吐吐，年遮半掩。

马拉德先生的好友理查兹也在场，就坐在马拉德太太身边。

火车事故的消息传来时，他正好在报馆，发现布伦特利马拉德先生的名字就是“遇难者”名单上的第一个。

他只来得及根据接下来的一份电报确认了一下使匆匆赶了过来，唯恐那些不那么细心体贴的人说漏了嘴，冒冒失失地把噩耗告诉马拉德夫人。

马拉德太太听到这一噩耗，并没有像大多数女人那样手足无措，无法接受这个事实，她一头栽进姐姐的怀里，号啕痛哭。

当悲伤的风暴平息之后，她独自走进房间，不让任何人进来。

房间的窗户敞开着，对面放了张舒适、宽大的沙发。

身体的疲惫令她精疲力竭这种疲惫感似乎浸透到她的灵魂处，让她一下子瘫倒进沙发里。

她看得见房前开阔的广场上大树的树梢，树梢上洋溢着初春的勃勃生机。

空气中散发着春雨的醉人气息，楼下有个小贩吆喝着，远处隐约传来阵阵歌声，屋檐下成群的麻雀叽叽喳喳地闹个不停。

窗外西边的天际，浮云相聚后重叠在一起，只露出几处依稀可辨的蓝天。

她头靠着沙发坐着，几乎一动不动，喉咙里偶尔抽泣一声，身体会随之微微颤动。

就像个哭睡着的小孩，睡梦中仍在啜泣。

她还年轻，面色白皙，显得从容自若，脸上的皱纹述说着生活的压抑，透露出生命的力量。

可是此刻，她目光呆滞，双眼直勾勾的凝望着远方的一片蓝天。

这种眼神不是沉思的眼神，而像是经过一番理性思考后，随之产生的一种忐忑不安的眼神。

有件事正在降临到她身上，她期盼着，又有点惧怕。

那是什么事呢?她不理解。

这件事情太微妙，太难以名状了，可是她能够感觉得到，它正从空中悄然而下，穿过弥漫在空气中的声音、气味和色彩降落到她身上。

此刻，她胸口剧烈起伏，开始意识到这种莫名的事情慢慢通近，慢慢将她吞噬，她挣扎着用意志力抗拒它——可她的意志力却如同她那白皙纤弱的双手一样绵软乏力。

就在她稍有懈怠之际，从微微张开的嘴唇间喃喃地蹦出一句话来。

研究生英语读写译教程第5 marriage原文翻译及课后答案

研究生英语读写译教程第5 marriage原文翻译及课后答案研究生英语读写译教程第5-marriage原文翻译及课后答案婚姻何以失败安洛芙[1]如今，以离婚告终的婚姻如此之多，我们最神圣的誓约听上去都不再真实了。

“从此永远幸福地生活着”和“直到死神将我们分开”这类话语似乎快过时了。

夫妻长相守何以变得如此困难？哪儿出了问题？我们到底怎么了，竟然有差不多半数的婚姻注定要以离婚法庭为终点？有42%的儿童将在单亲家庭中长大，我们怎么把社会弄成这样了呢？如果统计数字能测量出孤独、懊悔、痛苦、失去自信和对未来恐惧的程度，这些数字会大得惊人。

[2]虽然破裂的婚姻各有其独特的情况，但我们还是能找到致使婚姻无法维持下去的共同因素，即常见的危险。

凡婚姻都有其危机时刻，都要考验持久力、考验既能亲密相处又善应对变化的能力。

外部压力，如失业、疾病、不育、抚育孩子、赡养年迈的父母，以及生活中其他种种烦恼，都会如飓风横扫海岸那样对婚姻带来打击。

有些婚姻经受住了这些风暴，有些则不然。

但婚姻失败并不是简单地由外部天气造成的，而是由于内部气候变得过热或过冷，变得过于狂暴或过于麻木造成的。

[3]如果我们来看一下自己如何挑选出子女，看看一下在爱情最初的柔情、唯美阶段有著怎样的期盼，婚姻触礁的一些原因便显而易见了。

无意中我们都准确地选上了为和我们一起扩建我们第一个家庭的情感模式的伴侣。

婚姻心理治疗专家、威斯康星大学精神病学荣誉去职教授卡尔a威塔科尔表述说道：“从幼年起至，我们每一个人心里就对婚姻、女性气质、男性气质、为人母、为人父，以及其他各种家庭角色存有了自己的模式。

”我们每一个人都凤凰于飞具备自己父母气质的伴侣，能够协助我们在心理上重温以往生活中的快乐与苦痛的伴侣。

我们或许可以以为自己打听的男人与爸爸相同，可是到头来，就像是爸爸那样，他吸毒，或者吸食毒品，或者一次又一次失业，或者就像是爸爸那样一言不发地趴在电视机前。

男人或许可以挑选一个像是自己母亲一样不讨厌孩子的女人，或者一个像是自己母亲一样把家里的钱全都赌光的女人。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

Unit5 三明治人－－生存在夹缝中的一代人1九月上旬，安妮接到卡尔加伏特山医院打来的电话，要她将住院的母亲接回家去。

已经84岁高龄的老母亲易瑞尼从三月中风以来就一直住在医院，接受精心地护理。

2六个月后，易瑞尼可以自己吃饭，也能下床走动。

但记性依然不好。

看样子，在敬老院腾出床位前她是不可能回家独自生活的。

已经42岁的安妮是社会服务顾问，同丈夫同住卡尔加城，家里还有三个孩子，老大19岁，老二15岁，最小的11岁。

安妮回忆接母亲的事时说：“她非常虚弱，简直弱不禁风。

我跟医院一再解释，我们不能接她回家——我们没法接她回来。

”但福特山医院答应帮忙安排家庭护理，安妮便将母亲接回了家。

要求隐去全名的安妮说：“这真让我们惊慌失措。

从医学上讲，医院已无力回天，他们要我接回母亲也有道理。

但是，我也无法照料好自己的老母。

”3安妮就是生活在夹缝中的人员之一上要顾老，下要顾小，同时还得努力雕自己的饭碗。

据估计在女口拿大，年长的亲戚与小一辈的家庭咸员生活在一起的大家庭大约有12万家。

实际上，渥太华凡妮家庭研究所行政与交流主任安兰·马瑞贝里指出现代家庭中的一对夫妻平均一周要工作65~80小时，而20世纪50年代则只有4㈠5小时。

’4同时，马瑞贝里也意识到要让那些特护病人顺利回家，确实“各有各的难处”。

加拿大人流动性大，有一半的家庭平均每五年会换一个地方——家庭成员也天南地北。

当医院里那些年长的病人不再需要特殊护理而又不能独自回家时，往往在城里再也找不到一个亲戚接他们回家。

5卡尔加福特山医院副院长约翰·王说，就他们医院而言，如果病人没有任何亲戚接其回家，医院会让病人继续住院治疗直到养老院腾出床位为止。

他认为医院只能将病人送到一个“温暖而充满爱心的家里，而不能送到冷冰冰，一片骂声的家里”。

他解释说，因为医疗服务配套设施需要大量的投入，因此特护床位费用昂贵，一天就需975美元，并且还供不应求。

由于床位奇缺，“我们只能尽可能快地腾出特护床位。

”他强调，家属应该理解并给予配合。

“现在人们已开始意识到他们应该帮助大家庭的成员。

我们好像又回到了40年前尊敬老人赡养老人的年代。

”6对安妮来说，那段日子尽管短暂却让她心力交瘁。

她说：“母亲需要全天候的陪护。

但最糟糕的是母亲尿失禁，晚上只好给她用尿布，这也是实在没办法。

如果一晚上三番五次起床，我必定睡眠不足。

”安妮说自从要照顾母亲，她很少会见朋友，硕土论文也搁置一旁，大大减少了做顾问的工作，取消了去西雅图的差事，对孩子的照顾也少多了。

孩子们因此而不高兴，她也变得焦躁不堪。

这真是祸不单行。

7六个月后，养老院终干有了空床位。

安妮说：”母亲很喜欢那儿，那儿的工作人员非常好，一切比我预想的好得多。

”但照顾母亲的艰难使我和家人在思想上发生了很大变化，“我们完全被宠坏了。

我当时觉得压力大得不得了，但现实是每个人都得学会适应这一切。

”上个月，安妮家从教堂领回了一个十岁的小男孩，这个男孩同家里闹了些矛盾。

她说：”领他回来是因为自己刚刚有过的一番经历，总的来说，经过母亲的事儿之后，我们更富同情心。

”8凡妮研究所的马瑞贝里指出即使长辈独自生活，晚辈的责任也很大。

”怎么可能放下手头的活儿去看生病的母亲?”他问道，“而将母亲置之不管不顾，他们又内疚万分。

即使老人不与子女同住，子女同样面临着既处理好、照顾好老人又能让老板高兴的两难选择。

”9实际上，加拿大老年研究网络组织大学研究人员进行了一次全国范围的对5，000雇员的大调查。

该调查显示46％的员工承担着养老责任，从跑腿购物到全天候的照料。

这些接受调查的雇员中一半以上的人还得照看孩子。

根据调查，与同事相比，那些上要照顾老人，下要养育孩子的员工工作压力更大，缺勤率更高，而工作满意程度却更低。

10面对这一状况，有些公司采取了相应的措施。

早在1992年，皇家银行就办了一个老年护理活动中心，为员工出谋划策，并帮助员工及时获得当地的帮助。

温哥华分行的顾客服务部经理39岁的沙容·木瑞在母亲病情恶化时求助过这个中心。

她说：“突发事件时，你不知道该怎么办，该找谁。

你需要一定的信息，这样你才能做出正确的决定。

我和我妹妹的工作难度大，要求高。

我们不想让母亲的病给弄得惊慌失措。

”11马露·吉芬是位退了休的老教师，丈夫虽已去世，倒也无需为工作压力担忧。

可她却受内风湿折磨。

1988年，已81岁高龄的老父亲搬入她多伦多北部的家中时，她也已经54岁有余了。

老父的健康问题一下子将她拖垮了。

她说：”头三个月他一下瘦了40磅，我给吓坏了。

”由于他大小便失禁，有一次，仅一个晚上她得为父亲洗五次澡，换洗五次床单。

无论是感情上还是体力上，这真是太难了，老父也难堪不已，常常老泪纵横。

后来一位医生发现老父是牛奶过敏而导致大小使失禁，这一窘况才摆脱了。

但没过多久，他又犯了其他毛病。

“两年中他得了三到四次肺炎，我也有四次。

我休息不好，最后一次因肺炎加上胸膜炎，我又住到了医院里。

”医生告诫说：，你不能再这样下去了。

”12吉芬终于寻求了帮助——政府给她提供每周9小时的家庭护理。

“但晚上和周末是没有家庭护理的，”盲芬遗憾地说，”有一阵我累得实在挺不下去了，便决定请一个护士晚上帮忙护理一下。

”但每小时$22的高额费用让她承受不了，几个星期之后，她只得作罢。

两年后，吉芬找到了一家很满意的养老院，并把这事儿告诉了老父亲。

可老父亲却大受伤害，尽管他明白自己的女儿照顾不了他。

吉芬说：“我老觉得有一种犯罪感，我太让父亲失望了。

”她父亲在养老院呆了两年，1992年10月，他死于心脏衰竭和肺气肿。

13幸运的是许许多多有老人的家庭都还不错。

这些家庭里长辈身心健康，小辈遇到不测时能得到及时的帮助。

纽芬兰垂钓训练公司的执行总裁，现已39岁的弗朗西斯·小约翰记得自己小时候住在圣约翰以北100里的格兰斯港时，叔叔和婶婶经常帮助自己的父母。

这对老夫妻无儿无女。

1990年叔叔去世，婶婶安吉妮·鲍尔就搬到了自己家，与家人一起生活。

弗郎西斯的妻子罗斯40岁，两个孩子大的19岁，小的13岁。

14虽已经81岁高龄，鲍尔身体依然硬朗，在自己的老家，大多数的日子里她每天要步行半英里。

去年春天动了一次手术，她身体就一直较虚弱。

在离家不远的一家医院打零工的罗斯·小约翰说他一大早就得起床给鲍尔清洗伤口，调换绷带，然后打发孩子们上学并赶在上班前准备好年餐。

她非常感谢亲戚们的援助。

她说：“我一点儿也不吝啬呆在家里照顾她的时间，也不讨厌她生病时需要我跑前跑后的日子。

这是我们应该承担的责任。

我会尽力让她快点好起来。

”15弗郎西斯说鲍尔与家人相处得很好。

他说：“每当妻子与儿子发生争吵时，她就避开了。

”他认为她给孩子们带来的是好的影响，“我发现老人有老人独特的智慧，我儿子正处在青春期，处在成长的烦恼之中。

婶婶却比我更能理解儿子。

”小约翰家庭责任感很强。

他说：“我父母一直教导我要以家庭为荣，以承担家庭责任为己任。

这种感情难以用语言表达，你这么做只是因为你觉得应该这么做。

”对小约翰一家来说，“应该这么做的事”咸了家庭成员共同经历过的有宝贵意义的事儿。

但对于无数承担了很多全新责任的加拿大人而言，照顾老人意味着体力与情感上的双重付出与牺牲。

A.1. A2. B3. C4. D5. B6. A7. D8. B9. D 10. B 11. CB.1. set him up2. fit in3. is thankful for4. hold down5. built up6. gone through7. weigh heavily on8. working out9. broken away 10. let my parents downC.1. C. will rely on2. D. have3. C. for which4. B. which5. A. coupled6. A. a much greater variety7. B. find it difficult8. A. Acquiring9. C. himself 10. C. endangeredD.1. dead2. brought3. like4. expensive5. cost6. worse7. births8. paying9. aged 10. figure 11. share 12. majority 13. producers 14. poor 15. decent 16. services 17. expanding 18. same 19. burden 20. confinedKey to the Translation from English into Chinese:在不少拉丁美洲和亚洲的国家,老年化和贫困将引起许多新问题, 而这些问题对于工业化国家来说并不陌生, 但是这些国家拥有资源少得多。

在使用有限资源时所遇到伦理道德问题将更为突出,为医疗保健和养老金提供资金可能成为这些国家面临的一件棘手的事。

在许多国家,老年人的人数太少,政治上多半相当被动,以致无法成为一个能对长期政策施加有效压力来促进自身利益的团体。

但随着其数量增多,这种状况正在改变，他们知道需要集结政治力量。

到2030年将没有一个政治家大胆到敢于忽略三分之一这部份老年选民——特别老年选民一般参加投票的人数要比其他选民多。

Key to the Translation from Chinese into English:1.Generally, people have become more compassionate and quite a few families have taken in an orphan from the municipal orphanage.2.It is a demanding task for a workingwoman to look after her parents and her children while holding down a job.3. At first we were worried about their first stay in a foreign country but things there worked out much better for them.4. Today’s middle-aged people have fewer children than their parents did and the aging population problem may weigh on them in about 40 years.5.It is hoped that the current reform in education will better set students up to meet the challenges from society.6. The government intends to transfer some of the health-care burden to the individual family but family members are not alwaysavailable for the task because they cannot break away from their jobs to look after the sick elderly.7.There is an increasing demand for beds in the nursing home, and we have to try every possible means to free them up.8.With the large elderly population in this country, financing of health care and pensions could care the devil out of the government.9.The young couple has to make some sacrifice to avoid letting their old beloved father down.10.What they had gone through in looking after their sick old father made them more compassionate, and they made a donation to the nursing home。

研究生学位英语课文全文翻译-unit5

研究生英语综合教程崔校平Unit5课文翻译

unit5_硕士英语综合教程_课文翻译

研究生英语课文翻译Unit 5 Take a Lesson from the Economists

研究生英语精读教程课文原文+翻译+短文unit5

新编研究生英语阅读-Unit5课文翻译及分析(西农适用)

研究生学位英语课文全文翻译-unit5

Unit 5研究生英语课文翻译

最新研究生学术综合英语翻译unit5、unit7

武汉大学研究生英语课文翻译Unit5

研究生英语综合教程上 unit5原文翻译

21世纪工程硕士研究生英语-综合教程（下册）Unit5课文翻译

Unit 5 reading新时代研究生综合英语课文翻译

研究生英语综合教程上 unit5原文翻译

研究生英语精读教程课文原文+翻译+短文unit5

河海大学研究生英语unit5翻译

研究生英语精读教程课文原文翻译短文unit5

研究生英语课文翻译Unit 5

研究生英语系列教材下unit5原文+翻译

研究生综合英语 第二版 曾建彬主编 课文翻译Unit5

研究生英语读写译教程 第5 marriage原文翻译及课后答案

研究生综合英语第二版曾建彬主编课文翻译Unit5

研究生英语读写译教程第5 marriage原文翻译及课后答案