被动语态、感叹句、宾语从句

根据汉语提示完成句子
1）This kind of pants well. 这种裤子卖得好。 2）That story interesting. 那个故事听起来有趣。 3）That novel is worth . 那本小说值得读一读。 4）My watch needs . 我的手表需要修理。 5）This shop is at 8:00 in the morning. 这家商店早上8点开业。 答案：sells sounds reading repairing open
4. – good time we had during our stay in Hainan last year! –Yes, fun we had playing some water sports there! A What a; what B How; how C What; how D How a; what
被动语态
被动语态的基本结构：be+done
各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构：
一般现在时：do/does → am/is/are+done
一般过去时：did → was/were done
现在进行时：am/is/are doing →am/is/are being done 现在完成时：have/has done →have/has been done 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to do →
3. On June 11th, 2013, Shenzhou-10 carrying three astronauts into space from the space center in Jiuquan. All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch. A sent up B are sent up C was sent up
5. – the earthquakeБайду номын сангаасin Yushu is! –Yes, we should try our best to help them. A What terrible B How terrible C How terribly D What terribly A B
宾语从句
引导词
主动语态变为被动语态
主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词的主动形式+动作承受者 被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词的被动形式+动作执行者 如：We asked him to sing an English song. → He was asked to sing an English song by us. 带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 She gave me a book. → I was given a book by her. A book was given to me by her.
He makes the girl stay at home. →
The girl is made to stay at home by him.
主动结构表被动意义
1) open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive等词 作vi且表示事物的自然属性的时候，用主动语态表被动意 义。如： This kind of pen writes very smoothly. This kind of shirt sells well here. 2) look, sound, taste, smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。 如：Uniforms look ugly on us. Moon cakes taste delicious. 3) be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。如： This book is worth reading. 4) ―want/need/require+doing‖=―want/need/require+to be done‖。 如： My bike needs repairing. =My bike needs to be repaired.
不用被动语态的情况
1）主动句的宾语是each other或是反身代词时，不能用被 动语态。如： The man introduced himself as Mr. White. They help each other study English. 2）当主动句的谓语动词是表示状态的及物动词时，不能用 于被动语态。如： We will have a meeting. 3）主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不能作被动语态中 的主语。如： My brother enjoys watching TV. He asked to have a try.
时态
1）如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进 行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情 况而定。如： I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow. 2)如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行 时),那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态。如： He told me that he would join in the high jump. 3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去 时，从句也用一般现在时。如： He told me that the earth is round.
3) 需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如： 世界上越来越多的人说汉语。（强调汉语的使用广泛） Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
被动语态和系表结构的区别
1）被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，而系表结构则表示 主语的特点或所处的状态。如： The shop was closed by the police. (动作） The shop is closed today. (状态） 2）系表结构中的过去分词常有固定的介词搭配，被动语态 结构中常为by短语。如： Miss Wang is satisfied with us. (系表结构） 3）系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语 态结构则可用于多种时态。
带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 I heard Jane playing the piano in her room. →
Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.
不带to的不定式作宾补变被动语态后要加上to
感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等，使役动词 let, make, have等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时， 应还原to。如：
4. I’m sure that stricter rules to control cigarette smoking very soon. A made B will make C were made D will be made B C C D
感叹句
What 引导的感叹句
1.What +a/an +adj.+单数n.+主语+谓语！如： What a beautiful girl she is! 2.What +adj.+复数n.+主语+谓语！如： What important jobs they have done! 3.What +adj.+不可数n.+主语+谓语！如： What sweet water it is! How引导的感叹句 1.How +adj./adv.+主语+谓语！如： How interesting the dog is! 2.How +adj.+a/an+单数n.+主语+谓语！如： How useful a subject they are learning! 3. How+主语+谓语！如： How time flies!
动词短语变为被动语态
许多由vi 和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于vt，可以 有宾语，也可以有被动语态。但是动词短语是一个不可分割 的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词 或副词。如： We should speak to old men politely. → Old men should be spoken to politely. (to 不可省略）
will/shall/be going to be done 过去进行时：was/were doing → was/were being done 过去完成时：had done → had been done 过去将来时：would/should/be going to do →
would/should/be going to be done
含有情态动词：can/may/must do→ can/may/must be done
被动语态的用法
1）不知道动作的执行者是是谁。如： 这块手表是中国制造的。 This watch was made in China.
2) 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如： 每年都应该种更多的树。 More trees must be planted every year.
1. Look at our new school. It last year. A built B was built C is built D will be built
2. In order to make our city more beautiful, more trees and flowers every year. A will plant B should plant C should be planted
1.– Do you know the book One Hundred Years of Solitude (《百 年孤独》）has been printed again? –It is expected to be. unusual novel it is! A. What B. What a C. How D. What an 2. –I hear that China is building an aircraft carrier (航空母舰）. – great news it is! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 3. – good news it is! The pandas are found alive after the earthquake. – It’s so . A. How a; excited B. What; exciting C. What a; excited D. How; exciting D A B
一些特殊形式
1.在陈述句、祈使句或疑问句句尾加感叹号变成感叹句，表 示某种强烈的感情。如： He runs so fast! Do read it carefully! 2. 感叹句也可以是表示强烈感情的一个词或词组。如： Wonderful! Look out! Great! 3. 以there, here等副词开头的感叹句。如： There she is! There goes the bell! 如何判断用what还是用how来引导感叹句 方法一：凡是有a, an开头的，多用what； 方法二：凡是形容词直接加名词的，多用what； 方法三：其他一般用how。
时态
语序
陈述句的引导词： that 本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略 如：He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. 一般疑问句引导词：if/whether ―是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略 如：He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher. 特殊疑问句引导词：特殊疑问词what, which, who, whose, whom, when, where, why, how 在从句中作一定成分，如主语、宾语、状语 如：He asked me whose the book was. Can you tell me where you are from?