上外翻译I笔记(第十二讲)

第十二讲语序长句●导入译例Rural America 美国农村Interior China 中国内地Official Washington 华盛顿官方Corporate giant 大公司Consumer durables 耐用消费品Love triangle 三角恋Model wonna-bes 想成为模特的女孩子们There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.我访问了一些地方，遇到不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可多着呢James Brindley of Staffordshire started his self-made career in 1733 by working at mill wheels, at the age of 17, having been born in a poor village.斯坦福郡的James Brindley，出身于一个贫苦的农村家庭。

1773年，他17岁，就着手改良磨坊的车轮，从而开始了他那自我奋斗的生涯●英汉语序对比之一：前后有别（时间顺序不同）He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.天快黑了，有人给了他一把椅子，请他坐下等一会儿。

忽然电灯全亮了，照出整座大桥的轮廓It would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me, and for the first time longed for a new day to come.在这个意义重大的日子即将结束的时候，我躺在自己的小床上回顾一天的快乐，第一次，渴望着新一天的到来。

恐怕再也找不到比我更幸福的小孩子了●英汉语序对比之一：前后有别（逻辑顺序不同）He was daring and resourceful besides being a fine shot.他不权枪法好，而且有勇有谋Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult.动物，一旦他们的后代能够自己照顾自己，它们就不管了；但是人，由于抚养子女的时间长，是难以做到这一点的The feeling of shame at what might be called “running after” him was smothered by the dread that he might not be there, that she might not see him at all, and by that dogged resolve—somehow, she did not know—to win him back.她深怕他也许不在场，深怕见不到他，同时下定了决心要把他夺回来，想法子夺回来，至于怎样夺法，她也不知道；有这些缘故，所以纵使有人说她“追他”，她也不觉得难为情To his surprise, his date did not turn up at all.使他惊讶的是，他的约会对象根本没有露面他的约会对象根本没有露面，这使他很惊讶（汉语先交待客观事实，再给出主观看法）I welcome the opportunities created for Hong Kong by the election of Mr. Tung Chee-hua as chief executive of the Hong Kong SAR.董建华先生当选香港特别行政区行政长官，为香港发展创造了机遇，对此我谨表示欢迎The college student caught cheating does not even blush. He shrugs his shoulders and comments:”Everybody does it, and besides, I can’t see that it really hurts anybody.”大学生考试作弊被发现，连脸都不红，而只是耸耸肩，振振有词地说“大家都这么干，再者，我看这实在不会损害任何人”（否定转移）At any rate, she cannot grow many degrees worse, without authorizing us to lock her up for the rest of her life.不管怎么说，她要是变得更坏的话，那我们以后就把她一辈子关在家里（双重否定表达肯定）●英汉语序对比之一：灵活度有别He had returned the previous evening from a tour of the countryside and wanted to go through the papers that had accumulated in his absence before visiting hours.他去乡间旅行，头一天晚上刚回来。

这期间积下了许多公文，他打算在会客时间开始之前先处理一下（英语靠时态来区分前后关系，汉语靠语序）I shall remember always the mysterious, beautiful sensation of well-being I felt, when I was small, to hear my grandmother to talk of the supers she used to eat at boarding school.幼年时，我常听到到祖母讲她在寄宿学校吃的是什么晚餐，我永远不会忘记听到她的回忆时我内心油然而生的那种莫名其妙的幸福感（先客观后主观）In his two visits to the United States, Jamaica’s Prime Minister, in response to the World Bank’s repeated urges, suggested the message to the US policy makers for good of both countries, particularly in the matter of bilateral monetary affairs.在世界银行的多次敦促下，为了牙买加和美国的共同利益，特别是双边金融事务方面的共同利益，牙买加总理在最近两次访美时向美国决策者表述了上述意见（先原因后结果）I was on my way home from tramping about the streets, my drawings under my arm, when I found myself in front of the gallery.我夹着画稿，在街上兜了一圈，回家的路上，无意中发现自己逛到了画廊门口In Africa I met a boy, who was crying as if his heart would break and said, when I spoke to him, that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他很饿，两天没有吃饭了There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me.这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的可能性不大有什么吃什么I’d like to eat whatever you have吃什么有什么I have whatever you’d like to eat改革步伐加快The reformation process has been sped up.加快改革步伐The reformation process must be sped up.●句子翻译六步句子为什么长？1）后置修饰语多；2）联合成分多；3）句法结构复杂，层次迭出句子翻译六步：紧缩主干（找出SV、SVO等；识别谓语形态，确定时态语态语气）辨析词义（搭配、语法关系、语境、背景等区分主次（修饰语被修饰语、主句从句等）捋清层次（句子思维逻辑发展形式及重心）调整搭配（按汉语习惯形成主谓宾相互配列及各式搭配）润饰词语（炼词、炼句；考虑文体的适应性，作出相应调整）●翻译六步举例To a generation that believed a massive military-industrial complex was brutalizing the American dream, jeans symbolized a return to the friendlier, simpler values of the frontier, where each man (goes the wistful legend) had control over his own life, and where people cooperated to survive.在这一代人看来，军工联合企业的兴盛，摧毁了美国的梦想，而牛仔裤则是回到西部开拓时期那种纯朴友善的价值观念的象征：那时，人人都像在令人神往的传说中那样能主宰自己的命运，并为生存而风雨同舟●长句翻译六法之一----包孕This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party.这不是一场阶级之间的战争，而是一场不分种族、不分信仰、不分党派、整个大英帝国及英联邦全体成员国无不参加的战争（将后置修饰语前置翻译，使结构紧凑、增强语势）Congress has made laws requiring all the groups to give information about how much they spend and how they spend it, the amount and sources of funds, membership, and names and salaries of their representatives.国会已制定相关法律，要求各集团呈报他们花费了多少钱、怎样花的，以及款项的总额和来源、成员人数、代表的姓名和薪金等情况●长句翻译六法之二----分切Now out of that bright white snow ball of Christmas gone comes the stocking, the stocking of stockings, that hung at the foot of the bed with the arm of a golliwog dangling over the top and small bells ringing in the toes.就在那渐渐消融的晶莹雪白的圣诞雪球中，迎来了那只圣诞老人给孩子们装礼物的长统袜。