上外翻译I笔记(第十二讲)

第十二讲语序长句
●导入译例
Rural America 美国农村
Interior China 中国内地
Official Washington 华盛顿官方
Corporate giant 大公司
Consumer durables 耐用消费品
Love triangle 三角恋
Model wonna-bes 想成为模特的女孩子们
There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.
我访问了一些地方，遇到不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可多着呢
James Brindley of Staffordshire started his self-made career in 1733 by working at mill wheels, at the age of 17, having been born in a poor village.
斯坦福郡的James Brindley，出身于一个贫苦的农村家庭。

1773年，他17岁，就着手改良磨坊的车轮，从而开始了他那自我奋斗的生涯
●英汉语序对比之一：前后有别（时间顺序不同）
He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.
天快黑了，有人给了他一把椅子，请他坐下等一会儿。

忽然电灯全亮了，照出整座大桥的轮廓
It would have been difficult to find a happier child than I was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me, and for the first time longed for a new day to come.
在这个意义重大的日子即将结束的时候，我躺在自己的小床上回顾一天的快乐，第一次，渴望着新一天的到来。

恐怕再也找不到比我更幸福的小孩子了
●英汉语序对比之一：前后有别（逻辑顺序不同）
He was daring and resourceful besides being a fine shot.
他不权枪法好，而且有勇有谋
Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult.
动物，一旦他们的后代能够自己照顾自己，它们就不管了；但是人，由于抚养子女的时间长，是难以做到这一点的
The feeling of shame at what might be called “running after” him was smothered by the dread that he might not be there, that she might not see him at all, and by that dogged resolve—somehow, she did not know—to win him back.
她深怕他也许不在场，深怕见不到他，同时下定了决心要把他夺回来，想法子夺回来，至于怎样夺法，她也不知道；有这些缘故，所以纵使有人说她“追他”，她也不觉得难为情
To his surprise, his date did not turn up at all.
使他惊讶的是，他的约会对象根本没有露面
他的约会对象根本没有露面，这使他很惊讶（汉语先交待客观事实，再给出主观看法）
I welcome the opportunities created for Hong Kong by the election of Mr. Tung Chee-hua as chief executive of the Hong Kong SAR.
董建华先生当选香港特别行政区行政长官，为香港发展创造了机遇，对此我谨表示欢迎The college student caught cheating does not even blush. He shrugs his shoulders and comments:”Everybody does it, and besides, I can’t see that it really hurts anybody.”
大学生考试作弊被发现，连脸都不红，而只是耸耸肩，振振有词地说“大家都这么干，再者，我看这实在不会损害任何人”（否定转移）
At any rate, she cannot grow many degrees worse, without authorizing us to lock her up for the rest of her life.
不管怎么说，她要是变得更坏的话，那我们以后就把她一辈子关在家里（双重否定表达肯定）
●英汉语序对比之一：灵活度有别
He had returned the previous evening from a tour of the countryside and wanted to go through the papers that had accumulated in his absence before visiting hours.
他去乡间旅行，头一天晚上刚回来。

这期间积下了许多公文，他打算在会客时间开始之前先处理一下（英语靠时态来区分前后关系，汉语靠语序）
I shall remember always the mysterious, beautiful sensation of well-being I felt, when I was small, to hear my grandmother to talk of the supers she used to eat at boarding school.
幼年时，我常听到到祖母讲她在寄宿学校吃的是什么晚餐，我永远不会忘记听到她的回忆时我内心油然而生的那种莫名其妙的幸福感（先客观后主观）
In his two visits to the United States, Jamaica’s Prime Minister, in response to the World Bank’s repeated urges, suggested the message to the US policy makers for good of both countries, particularly in the matter of bilateral monetary affairs.
在世界银行的多次敦促下，为了牙买加和美国的共同利益，特别是双边金融事务方面的共同利益，牙买加总理在最近两次访美时向美国决策者表述了上述意见（先原因后结果）
I was on my way home from tramping about the streets, my drawings under my arm, when I found myself in front of the gallery.
我夹着画稿，在街上兜了一圈，回家的路上，无意中发现自己逛到了画廊门口
In Africa I met a boy, who was crying as if his heart would break and said, when I spoke to him, that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.
在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他很饿，两天没有吃饭了There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me.
这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的可能性不大
有什么吃什么
I’d like to eat whatever you have
吃什么有什么
I have whatever you’d like to eat
改革步伐加快
The reformation process has been sped up.
加快改革步伐
The reformation process must be sped up.
●句子翻译六步
句子为什么长？1）后置修饰语多；2）联合成分多；3）句法结构复杂，层次迭出
句子翻译六步：紧缩主干（找出SV、SVO等；识别谓语形态，确定时态语态语气）
辨析词义（搭配、语法关系、语境、背景等
区分主次（修饰语被修饰语、主句从句等）
捋清层次（句子思维逻辑发展形式及重心）
调整搭配（按汉语习惯形成主谓宾相互配列及各式搭配）
润饰词语（炼词、炼句；考虑文体的适应性，作出相应调整）
●翻译六步举例
To a generation that believed a massive military-industrial complex was brutalizing the American dream, jeans symbolized a return to the friendlier, simpler values of the frontier, where each man (goes the wistful legend) had control over his own life, and where people cooperated to survive.
在这一代人看来，军工联合企业的兴盛，摧毁了美国的梦想，而牛仔裤则是回到西部开拓时期那种纯朴友善的价值观念的象征：那时，人人都像在令人神往的传说中那样能主宰自己的命运，并为生存而风雨同舟
●长句翻译六法之一----包孕
This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party.
这不是一场阶级之间的战争，而是一场不分种族、不分信仰、不分党派、整个大英帝国及英联邦全体成员国无不参加的战争（将后置修饰语前置翻译，使结构紧凑、增强语势）Congress has made laws requiring all the groups to give information about how much they spend and how they spend it, the amount and sources of funds, membership, and names and salaries of their representatives.
国会已制定相关法律，要求各集团呈报他们花费了多少钱、怎样花的，以及款项的总额和来源、成员人数、代表的姓名和薪金等情况
●长句翻译六法之二----分切
Now out of that bright white snow ball of Christmas gone comes the stocking, the stocking of stockings, that hung at the foot of the bed with the arm of a golliwog dangling over the top and small bells ringing in the toes.
就在那渐渐消融的晶莹雪白的圣诞雪球中，迎来了那只圣诞老人给孩子们装礼物的长统袜。

啊，那只最漂亮最漂亮的袜子，就挂在我的床头，袜筒里装着的小木偶还露出一只胳膊在外边荡来荡去，袜尖的小铃铛在叮当作响（化整为零）
A substantial minority of each party in strong opposition to the other party is sometimes the key factor in the party’s policy making.
每一政党中坚决反对另一政党的有实力的少数派，往往成为这一政党在决策时的关键因素（主谓连续处断开）
The Security Council shall hold periodic meetings at which each of its members may, if it so desires, be represented by a member of the government or by some other specially designated representative.
安理会应定期举行会议。

每一理事国认为合宜时，得派政府官员或者特别指定之代表出席（在定语从句、状语从句前断开）
The statement declared that the international economic order must be changed or the gap between the developed and developing countries would continue to widen.
声明宣称国际经济秩序必须改变，否则发达国家和发展中国家之间的差距将继续加大（在并
列或者转折连接处分切）
●长句翻译六法之三----拆离
The number of the young people in the United States who can not read is incredible—about one in four.
大约有四分之一的美国青年人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信（将某些不太好处理的句子成分，如单词、短语或分句从主干拆开，单独翻译）
The burglar tried in vain to unlock the safe.
这个窃贼想方设法要打开这个保险箱，结果都是白费力气
All the wisdom of the past ages is cheaply and conveniently available within the covers of a book. 人类历代积累的智慧都可以在书中找到，既廉价又便捷
●长句翻译六法之四----插入
There is in fact a strong likelihood that the Administration will preside over a $100-billion-plus budget deficit in the current fiscal year, putting its promise to balance the budget by fiscal 2006—which begins in only twenty months—firmly out of reach.
政府将要在本财政年度应付1000亿美元以上的预算赤字，这样就使其诺言—平衡2006财政年年度（距今只有20个月）的预算—根本无法实现。

这是极有可能的事（利用破折号、前后逗号，将难处理的句子成分插入译句中）
政府将要在本财政年度应付1000亿美元以上的预算赤字，这样就使其要在距今只有20个月的2006财政年度实现预算平衡的诺言极有可能无法实现（包孕法）
●长句翻译六法之五----倒置
The principal of a great Philadelphia high school is driven to cry for help in combating the notion that it is undemocratic to run a special program of studies for outstanding boys and girls.
费城的一所名牌中学为一些出类拔萃的男女学生开设一套特别课程，有人认为这种做法不民主，结果校长不得不大声疾呼求助人们同这种观念作斗争（按照意群进行倒置）
A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the Unite States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties.
五十年代后期的美国出现了一个任何人都不可能视而不见的现象，穷知识分子以“垮掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现成为美国典型的穷人；正是在这个时候，大批大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子贫民窟（将背景放到句首）
Such is a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
许多人常常愿意牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情●长句翻译六法之六----重组
It would take me an entire book to list all of the people I have known in my life who spent the majority of their lives as single people, but who were the undisputed focus of a large group of friends—usually serving as problem-shooters, and widely respected and loved.
我毕生认识了许多人，他们一生中大部分时间都是单身，但在朋友群中却无可非议地是个核心人物。

他们经常帮人解决问题，广受尊敬，广受爱戴。

要把这些人的姓名一一列出的话，恐怕得写一本书了
●巩固练习
She had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart of her own.
她心地厚道，为人乐观，性情温柔，待人和蔼，气量又大
The fact that the average Englishman’s home has become his workshop is partly because he is keen on working with his hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or another that he must do for himself many household jobs for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help.
普通英国人的家已经成了自家的工场，一方面是因为他热衷于自己动手干，另一方面则是因为出于某种原因，他觉得许多家务活必须自己干，而这些活在几年前他会雇专人来干（分切）In order to retain Chinese managers, joint ventures also must devise human resource policies that are sensitive to the ways in which Chinese employees differ from those in the West.
为了留住中国本地管理人员，合资企业还必须制定适应中国雇员与西方雇员之间种种差异的人力资源政策（包孕）
An outsider’s success could even curiously help the two parties to get the agreement they want.
说来奇怪，一个局外人取得的成功竟然能够促成双方达成一项他们希望取得的协议（分拆）The snow falls on every wood and field, and no crevice is forgotten; by the river and the pond, on the hill and in the valley.
雪，四处飘落着。

雪花撒在树上，撒在田野里；撒在河边、湖畔、山上、谷底—没有一条岩缝墙隙里不飘满雪花（用破折号表示思维或概念的归结）
雪花撒落在树上，撒落在田野里；撒落在河边、湖畔；撒落在山峦和山谷中。

大雪纷飞，连小小的岩缝中都飘进了雪花
He had flown in just the day before from Georgia, where he had spent his vacation after the completion of the construction job he had been engaged in the South.
他本来在南方从事一项建筑工程，任务完成之后，他就上佐治亚去度假，前天才坐飞机回来It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.
他站住，转过身来，定睛一看，是个年迈妇女，个子很高，依然一副好身材，虽然受岁月折磨而显得憔悴。