道桥专业英语(一)
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
大量使用名词化结构
名词化特点主要是指在专业文献中广泛使用能表示动作和状态的名词，或是起 名词作用的非限定动词。
In the initial stages of road design it is usual for several alternative route proposals to be considered but only outline details of road center lines and estimates of speeds and flows are available.
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？ 2、特点 2.2 语法特点
非人称的语气和客观的态度，常用It…结构
It is important, though, to design freeways, urban and rural, that provide a consistent roadway for drivers.
Highway engineering is an engineering discipline branching from civil engineering which involves the design, construction and maintenance of highway systems. Highway engineering became prominent towards the latter half of the 20th Century after World War 2. Standards of highway engineering are continuously being improved. Highway engineers must take into account future traffic flows, design of highway intersections/interchanges, geometric alignment and design, highway pavement materials and design, structural design of pavement thickness, and pavement maintenance. Most developed nations have extensive highway networks.
因此，接下来让我们看看如何使用SYNCHRO来进行信号配时和交通仿真工作。
第பைடு நூலகம்讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？
2、特点 2.2 语法特点
条件句较多
条件句多用于条件论述、理论分析和公式推导中，最常用的是If…语句。
The huge investment in the highway infrastructure will be erased quickly if proper maintenance and rehabilitation procedures are enforced and funded.
高速公路可定义为每个方向具有两条或两条以上汽车专用车道，并且进出口完全控制
的被分隔的公路设施。
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？
2、特点 2.2 语法特点
多用动词非谓语结构
In general, the design speed of freeways should be similar to the desired running speed during off peak hours, keeping in mind a reasonable and prudent speed.
Vehicle
considerations include vehicle size and dynamics that are essential for determining lane width and maximum slopes, and for the selection of design vehicles. Highway engineers design road geometry to ensure stability of vehicles when negotiating curves and grades and to provide adequate sight distances for undertaking passing maneuvers along curves on twolane, two-way roads.
The most appropriate location, alignment, and shape of a highway are selected during the design stage. Highway design involves the consideration of three major factors (human, vehicular, and roadway) and how these factors interact to provide a safe highway. Human factors include reaction time for braking and steering, visual acuity for traffic signs and signals, and car-following behavior.
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？ 2、特点 2.2 语法特点
省略句较多
为了简洁，有时省略掉句子中的一些成分，如状语从句中的主语和谓语、定语从句中的关联 词which或that, 从句中的助动词等。 If not well managed, the procedure for construction may be more expensive. 如果管理不善，这一施工方法还可能更费钱。 常见的省略（状语从句中的主语和谓语的）句型有： As already discussed As described above As explained before As indicated in Fig.1 If necessary 前已讨论 如前所述 前已解释 If possible If so 如果可能的话 倘若如此
道路与桥梁工程 专业英语
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？ 二. 为什么要学习专业英语（why）？ 三.怎么样学习专业英语（how）？
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？ 1、概念 专业英语：English for special purpose,简称ESP。
专业：针对相应专业知识，专业术语，专业常识，所 以应以专业知识理论为基础。
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？
2、特点 2.2 语法特点
多用被动结构
A freeway may be defined as a divided highway facility having two or more lanes for the exclusive use of traffic in each direction and full control of access and egress.
英语：国际语言，便于交流，包括学术交流、文献参 阅、文章撰写等。
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？
2、特点 2.1 语言特点 语言简练，表达明确，不重润饰
The shoulder width of urban and rural freeways is dependent upon the number of lanes of the facility. The right side shoulder for both urban and rural freeways shall be 10 feet. This width allows for emergency parking of vehicles on the right hand shoulder. The left side shoulder is dependent on the number of freeway lanes.
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？
2、特点 2.2 语法特点
祈使语句和公式化表达方式
在理论分析和公式推导中常采用 Assume that…，Suppose that…，Let…等祈使语气表达 方式。
So, next let us look at how to use SYNCHRO to do signal timing and simulation work.
在道路设计的初始阶段，通常有多种备选的路线方案需要考虑，但这时只有道路中线的
概要数据和车速及流量的预测值。
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？
2、特点 2.3 词汇特点
专业词汇
2.4 结构特点 每一自然段落中，总有一个语句概括出该段落的重点。 这个语句或在段落之首，或在段落之尾，较少出现在段 落中间。若干个自然段会形成一个逻辑（或结构）段落， 用以从不同角度来解说某一层面的核心内容。全篇则由 若干个逻辑段落组成，从不同层面来阐述文章标题所标 明的中心思想。实际上，专业文献中通常采用的标题、 子标题、编号等形式，就是对文章结构的逻辑划分
When necessary 必要时
如图1所示 When needed 需要时
As previously mentioned 前已述及 Where feasible 在实际可行的场合 如果必要的话 Where possible 在可能的情况下
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？
2、特点 2.2 语法特点
若合理的养护和修护计划得以资助并实施，就可迅速取消用于公路基础建设的巨大投
资。
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？
2、特点 2.2 语法特点
多用长句
One of the effects of oxidation is that the binder loses flexibility and therefore becomes harder and more susceptible to the abrasive effects of traffic; an oxidized binder is thus likely to wear away in preference to particles of coarse aggregate set in the surface, allowing the chippings to protrude from the surface and improve the skidding resistance.
vehicle dynamics –汽车的动力
lane width—车道宽度
maximum slopes—— 最大纵坡度 design vehicles——设计车辆
第一讲
一.专业英语是什么（what）？ 2、特点 2.1 语言特点
逻辑严谨，概念清晰，关系分明
Asphalt is called a bituminous material because it contains bitumen, a hydrocarbon material soluble in carbon disulfate(一个易溶于二 硫化碳烃类物质). The tar(焦油） obtained from the destructive distillation of soft coal also contains bitumen. Both petroleum asphalt and coal tar are referred to as bituminous materials.
名词化特点主要是指在专业文献中广泛使用能表示动作和状态的名词，或是起 名词作用的非限定动词。
In the initial stages of road design it is usual for several alternative route proposals to be considered but only outline details of road center lines and estimates of speeds and flows are available.
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？ 2、特点 2.2 语法特点
非人称的语气和客观的态度，常用It…结构
It is important, though, to design freeways, urban and rural, that provide a consistent roadway for drivers.
Highway engineering is an engineering discipline branching from civil engineering which involves the design, construction and maintenance of highway systems. Highway engineering became prominent towards the latter half of the 20th Century after World War 2. Standards of highway engineering are continuously being improved. Highway engineers must take into account future traffic flows, design of highway intersections/interchanges, geometric alignment and design, highway pavement materials and design, structural design of pavement thickness, and pavement maintenance. Most developed nations have extensive highway networks.
因此，接下来让我们看看如何使用SYNCHRO来进行信号配时和交通仿真工作。
第பைடு நூலகம்讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？
2、特点 2.2 语法特点
条件句较多
条件句多用于条件论述、理论分析和公式推导中，最常用的是If…语句。
The huge investment in the highway infrastructure will be erased quickly if proper maintenance and rehabilitation procedures are enforced and funded.
高速公路可定义为每个方向具有两条或两条以上汽车专用车道，并且进出口完全控制
的被分隔的公路设施。
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？
2、特点 2.2 语法特点
多用动词非谓语结构
In general, the design speed of freeways should be similar to the desired running speed during off peak hours, keeping in mind a reasonable and prudent speed.
Vehicle
considerations include vehicle size and dynamics that are essential for determining lane width and maximum slopes, and for the selection of design vehicles. Highway engineers design road geometry to ensure stability of vehicles when negotiating curves and grades and to provide adequate sight distances for undertaking passing maneuvers along curves on twolane, two-way roads.
The most appropriate location, alignment, and shape of a highway are selected during the design stage. Highway design involves the consideration of three major factors (human, vehicular, and roadway) and how these factors interact to provide a safe highway. Human factors include reaction time for braking and steering, visual acuity for traffic signs and signals, and car-following behavior.
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？ 2、特点 2.2 语法特点
省略句较多
为了简洁，有时省略掉句子中的一些成分，如状语从句中的主语和谓语、定语从句中的关联 词which或that, 从句中的助动词等。 If not well managed, the procedure for construction may be more expensive. 如果管理不善，这一施工方法还可能更费钱。 常见的省略（状语从句中的主语和谓语的）句型有： As already discussed As described above As explained before As indicated in Fig.1 If necessary 前已讨论 如前所述 前已解释 If possible If so 如果可能的话 倘若如此
道路与桥梁工程 专业英语
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？ 二. 为什么要学习专业英语（why）？ 三.怎么样学习专业英语（how）？
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？ 1、概念 专业英语：English for special purpose,简称ESP。
专业：针对相应专业知识，专业术语，专业常识，所 以应以专业知识理论为基础。
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？
2、特点 2.2 语法特点
多用被动结构
A freeway may be defined as a divided highway facility having two or more lanes for the exclusive use of traffic in each direction and full control of access and egress.
英语：国际语言，便于交流，包括学术交流、文献参 阅、文章撰写等。
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？
2、特点 2.1 语言特点 语言简练，表达明确，不重润饰
The shoulder width of urban and rural freeways is dependent upon the number of lanes of the facility. The right side shoulder for both urban and rural freeways shall be 10 feet. This width allows for emergency parking of vehicles on the right hand shoulder. The left side shoulder is dependent on the number of freeway lanes.
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？
2、特点 2.2 语法特点
祈使语句和公式化表达方式
在理论分析和公式推导中常采用 Assume that…，Suppose that…，Let…等祈使语气表达 方式。
So, next let us look at how to use SYNCHRO to do signal timing and simulation work.
在道路设计的初始阶段，通常有多种备选的路线方案需要考虑，但这时只有道路中线的
概要数据和车速及流量的预测值。
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？
2、特点 2.3 词汇特点
专业词汇
2.4 结构特点 每一自然段落中，总有一个语句概括出该段落的重点。 这个语句或在段落之首，或在段落之尾，较少出现在段 落中间。若干个自然段会形成一个逻辑（或结构）段落， 用以从不同角度来解说某一层面的核心内容。全篇则由 若干个逻辑段落组成，从不同层面来阐述文章标题所标 明的中心思想。实际上，专业文献中通常采用的标题、 子标题、编号等形式，就是对文章结构的逻辑划分
When necessary 必要时
如图1所示 When needed 需要时
As previously mentioned 前已述及 Where feasible 在实际可行的场合 如果必要的话 Where possible 在可能的情况下
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？
2、特点 2.2 语法特点
若合理的养护和修护计划得以资助并实施，就可迅速取消用于公路基础建设的巨大投
资。
第一讲 绪论
一.专业英语是什么（what）？
2、特点 2.2 语法特点
多用长句
One of the effects of oxidation is that the binder loses flexibility and therefore becomes harder and more susceptible to the abrasive effects of traffic; an oxidized binder is thus likely to wear away in preference to particles of coarse aggregate set in the surface, allowing the chippings to protrude from the surface and improve the skidding resistance.
vehicle dynamics –汽车的动力
lane width—车道宽度
maximum slopes—— 最大纵坡度 design vehicles——设计车辆
第一讲
一.专业英语是什么（what）？ 2、特点 2.1 语言特点
逻辑严谨，概念清晰，关系分明
Asphalt is called a bituminous material because it contains bitumen, a hydrocarbon material soluble in carbon disulfate(一个易溶于二 硫化碳烃类物质). The tar(焦油） obtained from the destructive distillation of soft coal also contains bitumen. Both petroleum asphalt and coal tar are referred to as bituminous materials.