食品专业英语试题

一、list 5 Acronyms and write down their full name 。（下述词根的汉语意思并尽可能多地写出以其开始或结尾的词汇）

1、Bi——（双）bicycle; bilateral;bilingual;binary;bialy.

2、Tri——（三）tricycle;triangle;triple;tripod;trial.

3、Tetra——（四）tetracycline;tetracarp;tetrarch;tetrat;tetrads.

4、Mon—（单一）monomer;monotonous;monopolize;monopoly;monocle.

5、Pent——（五）pentagon;pentose;pentulose;penter;pentala.

6、Hex（a）—（六）hexagon;hexose;hexylene;hexal;hexyl.

7、Octo——（八）octopus;October;octoate;octoon;octol.

8、Exo——（外）exoantigen;exogenous;exometer;exocrine;exon.

9、Endo—（内）endogenous;endogenesis;endocelluar;endocrine;endorse.

10、Oligo ——（少）oligopeptide;oligonucleotide.

Oligo ——（少）oligotrophy;oligoria;oligopoly.

11、Poly—（多的）polypeptide;polysaccharide;

Poly—（多的）polyacetylene;polyester;polygon.

12、Bio——（生物）biological;biofuel;biohistory;bioactivity;biog.

13、Acro——（高）acrobat;acrophobia;acronym;acrobatics.across.

14、Trans——（转移）transform;transport;transferase;transact;transcend.

15、Semi——（半）semioval;semisphere;semis;seminar;semiconservative.

16、Hydro—（水）hydrolyze;hydrophilic;hydrophobic;hydroxy;hydrogen.

17、Inter——（相互）internet;interreaction;intercyclus;international;intern.

18、—ase—（酶）lipase;celluase;asepsis;case;base.

19、—ose—（糖）glucose;fructose;xylose;oses;rose.

20、Anti——（反抗）antigen;antifading;antibacterial;antibody;antic.

21、Sept——（七）septwolves;September;septicaemia;septum;septa.

二、金属与微量元素（Englishi name)

Ca 钙(Calcium) ; Mg镁(Magnesuim) ; P 磷(Phosphorus) ;

K钾(Potassium); Zn锌(Zinc); Fe铁(ferrum);

Pb铅(lead); Cr铬(chromium); Cu铜（Copper）

Se硒(Selenium); I碘(Iodine) .Cd镉（cadmium）

三、Acronym 部分（汉语名称及英语全名）

IFOAM （国际有机农业运动联合会）International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements。

rBST （重组牛生长激素）Bovine growth hormone recombinant。

PCR （聚合酶链式反应）polymerase chain reaction。

ISO （国际标准化组织）International Standardization Organization 。

HACCP（危害分析与关键控制点）Hazard analysis and critical

control point。

GMP （良好操作规范）good manufacturing practices。

FAO （联合国粮农组织）Food and Agriculture Organization。

UNESCO(联合国教科文组织)United Nations Educational Scientific and Culture Organization。

FDA(食品药品监督管理局)Food and Drug Administration。

WHO（世界卫生组织）World Health Organization。

PAGE（聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳）polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis。

四、Translation (英汉互译）

1.SDS-PAGE是对蛋白质进行量化，比较及特性鉴定的一种经济、

快捷、而且可重复的方法。（汉译英5分）

SDS-PAGE is an economic, quick, and repeatable method in comparing , qualifying and identifying to proteins。

2.SDS can disrupt hydrophobic areas and coat proteins with many

negative charges which overwhelms any positive charges the protein had due to positively charged R-groups。(汉译英8分)

SDS 破坏蛋白质的疏水区域，并使蛋白表面带有大量的负电荷，其数量大大超过蛋白质自身带正电荷的R基团所带的正电荷。

3.The resulting protein has been denatured by SDS (reduced to its

primary structure) and as a result has been linearized。(英译汉5分) 蛋白质在SDS的作用下变性并还原成一级结构，最终被线性化了。4．Although cloning has been immensely useful in molecular biology ，the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a more convenient , quicker and easier method for generating unlimited copies of any fragment of DNA。PCR was invented by Kary Mullis and his colleagues in the 1980s, in its short life PCR has transformed the life sciences utterly. PCR takes analysis of tiny amounts of genetic material-even damaged genetic material-to a new level of precision and reliability. (英译汉5分)

虽然克隆在分子生物学中是非常有用的，聚合酶链反应（PCR）是一

种更方便，快捷和容易产生的对于基因的任何片段的无限复制的方法。是由Kary Mullis博士和他的同事在上世纪80年代发明的，在短短的时间里PCR已经完全改变了生命科学。PCR需要分析微量的遗传物质甚至损坏的遗传材料，PCR分析结果的精确性和可靠性已经达到了一个新的水平。

5.1993年美国FDA允许在奶牛中使用重组牛生长激素(recombinant bovine somatotropin,简称rBST),以提高牛奶产量。牛生长激素（即BST）是动物脑垂体分泌的内源性激素，八十年代末，美国开始用生物法体外合成这类激素，以用于奶牛的生长及产奶过程。（汉译英10分）

In 1993, the Food and Drug Administration in American permit to use the recombinant bovine somatotropin(重组牛生长激素) to improve the production of milk 。The bovine growth hormone is a endogenous hormone generated by the cow’s pituitary gland。In the late 1980s, American use the biological method in vitro synthesis of this kind of hormone。

6.给哺乳动物（主要是指牛、山羊）选择性地接种一些能够引起人或动物疾病的细菌、病毒、毒素或其他一些外来抗原，刺激机体产生免疫应答，分泌特异性抗体（Antiobody）-免疫球蛋白（Immunoglobulin）进入乳中，这种含有特异性抗体的乳称为免疫乳。（汉译英15分）Vaccinating the mammals with some bacterium, bacterial toxins or some antigen in vitro selectively that can cause disease in humans and animals in order to stimulate the body reduce immune response, secrete specific antibody(抗体) and put the immunoglobuline（免疫球蛋白）in to the milk。This milk is called immune milk attaining specific antibody。

7.An antigen may be a foreign substance from the environment such as chemicals ，bacteria , viruses , or pollen 。（英译汉）

抗原也可能是一种来自于环境中的外源物质，例如化学品，细菌，病

毒或花粉等。

An antigen may also be formed within the body ，as with bacteria toxins or tissue cells 。（英译汉10分）

抗原也可能形成于机体内，就和细菌毒素或组织细胞一样。

8.After puberty , the amount of immune and growth factors present in our bodies begins to decline 。we become more vulnerable to disease , our energy level and enthusiasm lessens ，our skin loses its elasticity , and we gain unwanted weight and lose muscle tone 。we also live in a toxic environment , with pollutants and allergens all around us 。(汉译英12分) 青春期过后，呈现在我们机体内的大量的免疫和生长因子开始下降。我们变得更加容易感染疾病，我们的能量和热情减少，我们的皮肤失去了弹性，我们增加了不想要的体重并且肌肉失去了张力。我们还生活在一个有毒的环境中，污染物和过敏原遍布在我们的周围。