阅读理解--主旨大意

阅读理解精读与泛读一题型分类阅读理解的题型千变万化；但同样也源于最初——即文章本身。

所以在这里可以负责任的说，所有题目的答案全部来自于这约350字的文章中。

不论这篇文章关于什么领域，不需要你有任何的背景知识，就能答对（事实上，很多时候背景知识反而成为你的作祟鬼）。

就像游戏“找你妹”一样，目标明明就在那里，睁开你的钛合金狗眼锁定目标——选中，过关！把浩瀚的英语知识海洋比作无极，把高考英语比作太极，那么我们就可以把阅读理解的题型分出两仪——主旨题与细节题。

而这两仪又可分四象——大主旨题、小主旨题、文章细节题、词汇细节题。

对于这千万种的题型，本文选择从四象开始讲。

◆大主旨题◆小主旨题◆文章细节题◆词汇细节题常见的提问方式主旨大意类命题趋势主旨题只要是考察学生对文章中心思想、文章要点的归纳与概括能力。

要求学生分析文章篇章结构，抓住文章开头或者结尾的主题句、结论句。

从近几年高考来看，主旨题的考察比较稳定，全国各地高考卷，每年平均有2道主旨题的考察。

常见的提问方式1)The main idea (The general idea) of the passage is ____.文章的大概意思是什么2)The conclusion we can get from the story is____.我们能从本故事得到的结论是什么3)The main purpose of the story is to tell us ____.本故事的主要目的是为了告诉我们什么4)The passage is mainly concerned about ____.文章主要是关心什么5)What is the main point made in the passage?文章的主要观点是什么6)Which of the following best states the main idea/the theme of the passage?下面哪一个最好的陈述了文章的主题7)The passage suggests that ____.文章表明了什么8)In this passage the author discusses primarily____.作者在文中主要讨论什么9)Which of the following is the best title?以下哪一个是最好的标题10)The headline for the passage is most likely____.文章的标题最像是哪个11)The passage can be entitled____.文章可被命名为什么12)The passage is focused on____.本文着重讲什么13)The writer wants to tell us that____.作者想告诉我们什么解题思路解主旨题关键之处当然在于找到文章的主旨，而高考文章的一大特点就是，在所节选的文段里，通常有一个主旨句能概括全文的中心思想（注：这些文章不是由出题人写的，而是在某些报刊读物上节选的）。

OK，那么找到这个主旨句便是至关重要的大事。

解题时，必须先做两个准备步骤方可做题：第一步是粗读文章明大意；第二步是找主旨。

在这里为了讲解方便，先讲找主旨再讲粗读文章明大意。

➢找主旨怎么找？告诉大家，所有考题的主旨只存在两种情况，如下：◆常见情况：主旨句位置分布1.首段首句2.首段末句（最常见）3.次段首句，如果本句对上文转折4.次段次句，如果本句对上文转折5.末段末句（常见）6.自行总结（记叙文常见）➢粗读文章明大意找到文章的主旨句，未必就能准确的理解文章的意思。

正所谓一个好汉三个帮，一个主旨句，也需要他的帮手。

因此需要结合必要的补充信息方能理解文章主旨。

不过也不用太担心，在找主旨的路上，阅读量并不大。

以下是粗读文章明大意的必读信息：1.首段首末句2.中间段首句（当段落太多太短时，可实当省略）3.末段首末句经典例题一2019重庆BIn ancient Egypt，a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment. Modern businesses have been following his lead，with more tactics（策略）.One tactic involves where to display the goods. For example，stores place fruits and vegetables in the first section.They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food（垃圾食品）later in their trip. In department stores，section is generally next to the women’s cosmetics(化妆品) section：while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe，bored customers are likely to wander over cosmetics they mightwant to try later.Besides，businesses seek to appeal to customers’ senses. Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping，they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout the day. Music sells goods，too. Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played，sales of French wine went up.When it comes to the selling of houses，businesses also use highly rewarding tactics. They find that customers make decision in the first few second upon walking in the door，and turn it into a business opportunity. A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly. When entering the house，the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows，and then the pollthrough an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant view of water on both levels helped sell these $10 million houses.43. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain how businesses turn people into their customers.B. To introduces how businesses have grown from the past.C. To report researches on customer behavior.D. To show dishonest business practices.【解析】1.分析文章结构，总-分。

第一段：现代商人吸引顾客的策略。

第二段：策略一，如何展示商品。

第三段：策略二，吸引顾客的感觉。

第四段：策略三，如何卖房子。

既然是总分结构，文章的中心主旨自然在第一段。

根据后面极端的每一句话分析，文章主旨应该是最后一句话。

首段的结构是进行前后对比的结构，采用对比是为了强调后者，因此中心应该是最后一句。

2. 长难句分析：In ancient Egypt，a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers tohis shop simply by making changes to its environment.3.选项分析：三个其他选项明显在文中没有提及，与文章主旨句无任何关系。

这种题目难度较小，利用排除法可以快速做题。

经典例题三When her five daughters were young，Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结). To show this，she held up one chopstick，representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next，she tied several chopsticks together，representing a family. Sheshowed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks.This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However，when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975，they didn't have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother，Diana，who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards，Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However，Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves，but one by one，the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other，they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains，"Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity，and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family，there is no business."Their expanding business became a large corporation in 2019，with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant，they had big dreams，and they worked together. Now they area big success.63. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. How to Run a CorporationB. Strength Comes from PeaceC. How to Achieve a Big DreamD. Family Unity Builds Success【解析】1.分析文章结构，时间顺序。