经典全面中考定语从句讲解与练习(含答案)

定语从句（一）关系代词The Attributive Clause---- Relative P ronoun

一、 定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语

从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。

二、关系词

定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。关系副词在定语从句中作状语。

三、关系代词

1. that 的用法

that 既可以指人，也可以指物，指人时可与who, whom 互换，指物时有时可与which 互换。在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。

①

His father works in a factory that/which makes car. 他父亲在一家汽车制造厂工作。

作主语，指物

②The lady I want to visit taught me French at that time.

作宾语，指人

③

作宾语，指物

2. which的用法

which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略（放在介词后除外）。Which也可以指代这个主句。

①A dictionary is a book which/that gives the meaning of words. 字典就是讲解单词意思的书

作主语

②Here is the the teacher mentioned yesterday.

作宾语

③The sun heats the sun, which makes it possible for man to live.太阳给地球热量，这使得人类能够生存。

代替整个主句

3. who/whom的用法

Whom在从句中用作宾语，现在仅用于正式文体。用who代替whom在从句中做宾语，主语用于口语。如：

①The gentleman whom Rose encountered addressed her with courtesy.

罗斯遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地和她讲话。（正式文体）

②The man who I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。（非正式文体）

在口语中，who, whom, which在从句中做动词宾语时，常常省去。如：

①I don’t like people who talk much but do little. 我不喜欢光说不练的人。

作主语

②Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate你认识我们在门口遇见的那个年轻人吗

作宾语

③He didn’t become the person who his father wanted him to be.他没有成为他父亲希望的那种人。

作表语

注意：whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时，不能用who代替。

I have many friends to whom I will send postcards. 我有许多需要寄贺卡的朋友。

4. whose的用法

whose在从句中作定语，可以指人也可以指物。

①这个

指人

②We have English classes in the classroom whose door is broken.我们在那个门坏了的教室上英语课。

指物

四、限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用

逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

1.限制性定语从句：主句和从句不隔开，从句不能省略，否则就会

失掉意义不能成立。如：①He is reading a book which is too difficult for him.

②Here is the boy who damaged the glass.

2.非限制性定语从句：主句和从句用逗号隔开，从句对修饰的部分

起到进一步说明的作用，拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。如：

①The book is written by Guo Jinming, who is only 19 years old.

②Bob’s father, who was an engineer, spent 4 years in Egypt.

③Shanghai, which is developing fast, has become one of world’s trade centers.

【注意】：

非限制性定语从句不能用that引导

①She is very fond of French, which indeed she speaks quite well.

which还可以用来指代上文中的一件事情

①Their house is washed away by the floods, which made them very sad.

②He lost his job finally, which was exactly what we wanted. 五、关系代词的省略

引导限制性宾语从句的关系代词在作宾语、表语时可以省略，但作主语和引导非限制性定语从句时，关系代词不可省略。

①I have been the city twice（which/that）you just visited.你刚参观完的那座城市，我去过两次。

②After 10 years, John is not the naughty boy(who/that) he used to 年后，约翰已经不是当年那个淘气的男孩了。