河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示,特殊单词有注释)Unit 6 How to Read Body Language

All of us communicate with one another nonverbally, as well as with words. Most of the time we' re not aware that we're doing it . We gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else's eyes and look away, shift positions in a chair. These actions we assume are random and incidental. But researchers have discovered in recent years that there is a system to them almost as consistent a nd comprehensible as language. 我们所有人都会通过非语言的方式同其他人交流。虽然很多时候我们并没有觉察到这一点。我们通过手势和眉毛的变化来做敬礼的姿势，与其他人目光相遇再移开，在椅子上变换位置。这些行为在我们看来都是随机无意的。但研究者近年来发现这些肢体动作与语言一样，是一个连续一致且可以理解的系统。

Every culture has its own body language, and children absorb its nuances along with spoken lang uage . A Frenchman talks and moves in French. The way an Englishman crosses his legs is nothing like the way a male American does it. In talking, Americans are apt to end a statement with a dro op of the head or hand, a lowering of the eyelids. They wind up a question with a lift of the hand, a tilt of the chin, or a widening of the eyes. With a future - tense verb they often gesture with a f orward movement. 每种文化都有其独特的肢体语言，法国人以法语的方式来说话和行动。同样是两腿交叉，英国人与美国男人表达的意义完全不同。说话的时候，美国人喜欢低头低手，或者降低眼睑来结束一句话.他们喜欢以抬手、翘下巴或者睁大眼睛的方式来结束一个问题。当说到表示将来时态的动词时，他们也有一个向前的动作。

There are regional idioms, too: an expert can sometimes pick out a native of Wisconsin just by th e way he uses his eyebrows during conversation. Your sex, ethnic background, social class, and pe rsonal style all influence your body language. Nevertheless, you move and gesture within the Am erican idiom. 肢体语言亦具有区域文化特色，语言学家有时甚至可以通过说话时眉毛的变化来认出威斯康辛州的土著、你的性别、背景、社会阶层以及个人风格都影响你的肢体语言。无论如何，你的行为举止都离不开美国文化习俗的影响。

The person who is truly bilingual is also bilingual in body language. New York's famous mayor, Fio rello La Guardia, politicked in English, Italian, and Yiddish. When films of his speeches are run wit hout sound, it's not too difficult to identify from his gestures the language he was speaking. One of the reasons English - dubbed foreign films often seem flat is that the gestures don't match the language.会两种语言的人通常在肢体语言上也表现为两面性。纽约市的著名市长，菲奥雷洛拉瓜迪亚，会用英语、意大利语以及依地语进行演讲。当他演讲的影片以无声的形式播放时候，就很难辨别出他在用何种语言进行演讲。英语译制片之所以都非常生硬平淡，其中一个原因就是语言和肢体动作不匹配。

Usually the wordless communication acts to qualify the words. What the nonverbal elements ex press very often, and very efficiently, is the emotional side of the message. When a person feels li ked or disliked, often it's a case of "not what he said but the way he said it." Psychologist Albert Mehrabian has devised this formula: total impact of a message = 7 percent verbal + 38 percent vo cal + 55 percent facial. The importance of the voice can be seen when you consider that even the words "I hate you" can be made to sound sexy. 通常说话越少的交流越有效。感性的一面通常可以通过非口头表达的形式有效传递。一个人喜欢或者厌恶，通常表现为“他不想说但必须说”。心理学家Albert发明了一个公式：一条信息的影响力=7%的口头语言+38%的声调+55%的面部表情。当你觉得“我恨你”都可以让一个人说得如此性感的时候，声音的重要性由此可见一斑。

Experts in kinesics - the study of communication through body movement - are not prepared to s pell out a precise vocabulary of gestures. When an American rubs his nose, it may mean he isdisa