ISSUE写作 自整理提纲素材 61-80
issue提纲
26.现代生活的奢华和便利,让人们无法成为真正强大、独立的个体。(木有老提纲参考)
1.的确,生活条件好,人们不会再像our fathers 那样勇敢的开拓新土地,捍卫自己的领土;也不会再想《飘》里的斯嘉丽在南北战争之后用双手重建家园,再没有帮助的情况下;不会像圣地亚哥那样为了证明人可以被毁灭但不可以被达到与一群群鲨鱼搏斗。
1 是这样的 国家领导人每天处理那么多问题,分门别类,什么问题都有,但都是有一个共同的目标:为了人民更好的生活。奥巴马总统的一天行程安排:早上在白宫对全国发表剿灭本拉登的讲话,中午到伊拉克看望驻守士兵,傍晚时分可能又在国会与共和党人就提高政府负债上限展开辩论,这一切看似无关,无法给出一个标准化的tips逐一判断,但让我们看看他的竞选承诺,原来这都是为了降低就业率,保卫人民的安全,for well-being of the U.S. citizens
关键是建立一个标准、准确的评价体制,怎么样才能算是更好的利用,谁说了算,怎么算
历史建筑的重要性:讲述一段故事,起到教育的作用;承载一段历史,具有很高的研究价值;有其具体的使用价值不随时间变化,比如都江堰(这个太搓了)
147.The effectiveness of a country's leaders is best measured by examining the wellbeing of that country's citizens.人民的安好最能体现一个国家领导人水平的高低
2.然而,生活的奢华和便利是生产力进步的产物,是自然的,生活在某些方面比如餐桌上食物不再只有南瓜和火鸡,聪明的家用电器可以让你不再为洗碗、拖地而烦恼,但这只是为人们提供了更好的生活环境,与人们是否能成为强大、独立的个体无关
ISSUE大全[224篇](提纲+翻译)
1、"We can usually learn much more from peopl e whose vi ews we share than from people whose views contradi ct our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit l earni ng." 1.我们通常从和我们意见统一的人那里学到的东西比从和我们意见相悖的人那里学到的东西多的多;意见分歧阻碍了学习。
Although we can learn knowledge from people whose vi ews we share, the knowledge i s limited, si nce the sphere of knowledge of the people who share the same opinion are confined to same level of cogni tion with us.It will be quite di fferent if we communi cate with people whose views contradi ct to ours.Admitted that, it i s little harder or even bitter to accept opposite views for us due to our self-assertion i s impai red caused by other‟s challenge.2、"Competition i s ul timately more benefi ci al than detrimental to society." 2.竞争对社会的好处大于坏处。
Through competing, the one who i s most eligible i s put on the right place, and then will produce much more val ues than those who are not competent as he or she.While, on the other hand, i f a competi tion is fraught wi th adulterati on and illegality, it will bring deteriorati on to the society rather than progress. A case in point i s related to market economi cs.3."It i s more i mportant to allocate money for immediate, exi sting social problems than to spend it on l ong-term research that might help future generations." 3.我们应该把更多的钱用在当前的问题上,而不是用在可能有助于我们后代的长期的研究项目上。
GREIssue作文模板整理
GREIssue作文模板整理GRE作文最让广大同学头疼的难题之一就是时间不够用,如果能有一个好的写作模板,将为广大考生在考场上省下构思的时间,就有更多的时间来进行论证段的写作。
本文将从GRE issue开头和结尾段的写作手法为同学们提供写作模板,希望考生们可以从例子中找到写作灵感,总结出适合自己的GRE写作模板。
GREIssue作文模板整理开头段首先,开头方式可以采取四种:直接陈述观点+概述理由;比较双方观点,阐明自己观点;背景开头+立场;提问+立场。
下面我们逐一来看一下四种方式的具体例子。
第一种:直接陈述观点+概述理由I agreewith the speaker's broad assertion that money spent on research is generallywell invested. However, the speaker unnecessarily extends this broad assertionto embrace research whose results are "controversial," while ignoringcertain compelling reasons why some types of research might be unjustifiable.My points of contention with the speaker involve the fundamental objectives andnature of research, as discussed below.例文中先支持原文观点:把钱话在研究上是很好的投资;然后转折:结果有争议的研究可以不包含在投资范围的;最后,引出下文要论述的理由。
第二种:比较双方观点,阐明自己观点There ismuch debate over the universal issues whether or not tradition andmodernization are incompatible. Some people may claim that they necessarilyconflict with each other, while others argue that the two are not mutuallyexclusive. Insofar as I can think, the best way is to coordinate them and exerttheir ownadvantages for contemporary society.第一句改写题目,第二句比较两种立场,第三句提出自己的观点。
Issue化骨龙写作提纲
1、部分同意1、意见相同的人有共同关心的问题,容易交流,可以学到In addition, their views reveal the importance and the core of our work and their positive suggestions could provide us a more insightful understanding of the topic and more thoughts for further work. However, all the help described above can only promise our success in completeness of our own ideas about the topic. Breakthrough will be hardly achieved because it requires a distinct vision never created before to lead people. Without different opinions, it is difficult to jump out from our own myopic thinking.2、如果背景相同,意见不一的人交流比相同的人交流学到更多Before the Wave-Particle duality in quantum physics has been found, two groups of people always dispute with each other. Some scientists conducted the experiment showing that particles in microworld have wave properties while some found they possess properties of particles. The contradiction pushed them into further study resulting in the overturned discovery of Wave-Particle duality which compromises both of contradicted views to fully describe the physical property of the particles in microworld.3、当然,和背景知识不同因而意见disagree on fundamental assumptions不同的人交流也会阻碍学习a student of paleontology learns little about the revolution of an animal species by debating with an individual who do not believe in evolution;2、同意,防止不良竞争1、经济领域,竞争可以提高产品质量,促进创新更好的质量、服务、创新的动力,消费者受益2、政治领域,竞争可以选出最有能力的领导者,人民受益竞争中,领导者承诺福利,个人能力;防止无能政府3、不良竞争对社会带来问题,如压力,不正当竞争学生成绩竞争;工作岗位竞争;immoral竞争,slag off behind the back3、近期问题长远研究都要重视1、诚然,我们应当把钱用在当前的社会问题上,如:发展经济,解决失业、犯罪poverty, disease, war等,因为这些社会问题可能严重危害人们的生命、财产安全;vaccinate the children in poor African coutries where hygiene conditions are unqualified2、然而,我们同时也应当将钱用于长期的研究很多问题不能马上解决,用于长期研究才能根治,如环境问题,需要植树造林为未来长远规划,环境才能从根本上得以改善;如科学研究不是一朝一夕的事long-term research devotes to resolving or preventing social problems that might occur to our descendants; preserve the environment from deterioration is easier than resolving those already emerged enironmental problems which jeopardize the ecosystem 3、如果只顾眼前,不顾未来,对后代生活造成严重影响不搞节能研究,能源问题4、学科之间有相互联系,发展需要结合其他学科的内容1、在学科发展尚不成熟时期,不引进外界的知识也可以发展Galileo velocity and weight; Newton's laws of motion2、许多学科之间有联系,现代学科发展到一定程度后,这种联系发现与强化对每个学科的发展具有重要作用education and computer technology; instructional technology, more efficient teaching methods integrated with the usage of computeranthropologist's knowledge about an ancient civiliztion is enhanced by biochemists, geologists, linguists, historians3、对于一些学科来说,如果只从学科本身去研究,无视相关学科,会限制该学科发展,无法解决某些问题psychology and statictics, analyze the psychological problems through statistical methods, find the similarities and differences; without not able to find the psychological principles, unable to solve complex problems, e.g. to understand the relationship between physical apperance and first impression5、国家课程和地方课程都需要1、国家课程可以确保学生在学科学习水平上有统一标准和要求,为大学学习打好基础language, mathematics, science, history, computer, form the same education backgroundfundamental skills and knowledge, children grow up as informed and productive members of society. easier for college to build curriculua suitable for all freshmen2、完全统一的国家课程在制定上有问题谁来决定课程,regulators quirky notions of what should be taughtprovinces;communities;schools;parents对教育的看法不同,不会完全同意国家课程2、实施主要国家课程的同时还需要设置地方性课程,符合地方需求,keep local culture business courses suitable for children live in metropolitan, unsuitable for those live in hinterland; course on farminglocal culture,language,tradition,arts learn literature, works related with local life easier to understand, to preserve local culture and language6、文化是一个广义的综合的概念,人、事、物都可以一定程度上反映当代的文化1、青少年是社会的重要组成部分,其潮流一定程度上反映当代的文化例如:青少年爱吃fast food,反映社会节奏的加快;青少年爱好internet,反映现代网络文化的发展和globalization,stars in entertainment and sports2、但是还有其他的途径了解当代文化,通过成年人和老年人了解文化;通过节日和传统可以了解到当代文化;通过重大事件也可以了解到当代文化;此外,通过人口的组成也可以了解到当代文化。
GRE考试:issue写作指导(提纲 模板)
GRE考试:issue作文重点题目和提纲gre issue 提纲“It is dangerous to trust only intelligence.”只相信智力是危险的。
【分析题目】拿到一个题目后,我们不要忙于去写,一定要先对题目进行详细的分析。
通过题目我们知道主要论证的是intelligence的作用,因此,智力是这个题目最关键的突破点。
【提纲1】A. 无可否认的,智力因素在各个领域都很重要,无论是自然科学还是社会科学。
(论据1)Undoubtedly, intelligence plays an important role in many realms, including the natural science and the social sciences.B.要想成功光靠智力是远远不够的,还有很多其他的因素如勤奋、勇敢等。
(论据2)Intelligence by itself is not enough for one to succeed; many other factors such as diligence and courage must be taken into consideration.C.应该在此二者之间寻求平衡,即将两者结合起来。
We should strive for a balance between intelligence and emotion, that is, combine them with each other.【提纲2】Position: Intelligence is sufficient in some cases but not in any case.1、In scientific studies regarding the physical world, we should depend only on intelligence for discovering and testing truths.2、However, in the realm of human affairs, we have to use both our intelligence and our hearts for solving problems.3、Sometimes our intuition can give us valuable assistance in making a judgment.GRE考试:issue字数gre issue 字数要求是怎样的?很多考生担心考试时issue 字数上不去。
gre作文issue学习提纲完整版
学习类1(1). "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."通常,我们从与我们意见相同的人身上学到的要比从那些与我们意见相悖的人身上学的东西要多得多;(因为)意见不统一会带来压力并且阻碍学习。
(与我们)持相同意见者和持不同意见者对学习的作用Topic:虽然从某种程度上来讲,不同意见会给我们带来压力,但这不是理由,我们从与我们意见相同的人身上学到的要比从那些与我们意见相悖的人身上学的东西要多得多;1)我们很难从观点与我们相同或相似的人那儿获得新知识和受到启发。
2)相反,我们能从与我们观点相悖的人身上获取新视野,从而找到解决问题的方法eg 与此同时,我们能从与我们观点相悖的人身上发现自身的不足eg3)历史告诉我们,无论是对个人还是社会,主要是通过不同意见的争论来获取进步,向前发展的。
4)诚然,不同意见会给我们带来压力,但正是这种压力才更好的促使我们去思考。
.2(4). "No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."在任何一个研究领域当中,除非有该领域之外的人引进他们的知识和经验,否则该领域就很难获得巨大的发展。
Outsider: a person does not belong to a particular group闭门造车,旁观者清Topic:同意,知识领域的重大进展依赖于各学科的知识和经验,甚至能创造出一个新的学科。
issue提纲
2.(1)工作还是兴趣4正反分,(circumstances; compelling reason; possible consequence)XX可能会认为/工作确实重要:对个人:Having a job is a prerequisite for high personal accomplishment.对家庭:To nurturing a student, a family mush spend much money and effort. If a youngster of a family have trouble finding a job, the whole family might get into financial trouble.对社会:Normally, a field where a host of jobs are available is where social need is pressing. sunset industryNevertheless, availability of jobs should not be the only criterion for choosing the field of study; personal interests should not be neglected.选择不好找工作的专业不意味着找不到工作,如果自己有兴趣并且努力一样可以出人头地Materials that are unpleasant and not interesting tend to be repressed by people while materials that are interesting tend to be digested more readily and thoroughly. With greater interests, students will be more motivated, more diligent, and more likely to succeed in their fields. Besides, students will be happier if they can work in the fields of interests.难找工作的专业不意味着对社会贡献就低。
GRE作文ISSUE提纲
ISSUE 作文提纲-By William1.As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, theability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.1)Machines are superior to human in some aspects, can facilitateworking efficiency, and free us from repetitive works. Computer, assembling line.2)Machines rely on human mind to function. Thus, we human stillhave to think and instruct properly so that our purpose will be satiated.3)Relying excessively on technology appears together with indolent.It is controversial what causes what.2.To understand the most important characteristics of a society, onemust study its major cities.1)Cities do have some major cultural essence and can represent thesociety to certain extend. Like Beijing and Athens.2)Most cities are multi-cultural, and the traditional thing may besubstituted by influx of fresh culture. New York, Shanghai, and Tokyo.3)To fully understand a society, a more holistic view must be taken.Study both the cities and the rural areas.cational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade studentsfrom pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.1)It is educational institutions’ responsibility to enable students tobe qualified for future competition and help they form a comprehensive view about themselves as well as the field they want to enter.2)Whether it is likely to succeed involves various factors. Such astalent, interest, and perseverance.3)It is the students themselves to make the decision what to do inthe future.4.Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems inways that no speaker or reformer ever could.1)Scandals do reveal some drawbacks of entertainment celebritiesand political leaders. In this sense, scandals help inform the public.2)Motivated by profitability, small or even famous presses fabricatescandals in order to promote sales. If this is the case, scandal will confuse the public and defame those celebrities with thing they have never done.3)People should distinguish defaming from debunking beforedrawing any conclusion about whether scandals are useful or not.5.Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive thefinancial support they need in order to thrive.Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation’s cultural traditions are preserved and generated.1)Major cities do need financial support in order to incite theeconomic development rather than preserve the traditions.2)It is equally possible that traditional essence will be found in ruralarea. People there are more pristine and preserve the custom better.3)Culture is representation of most of people in a society, so thefund should be invested to places where most people reside.Judge by city or rural area is a false standard.6.A nation should require all of its students to study the samenational curriculum until they enter college.1)It is true that certain courses are essential if the students want tofurther their education. For example, math, physics and computer.2)All the same curriculum would somehow suppress the students’interests and make them less motivated to learn.3)School should provide a combination of compulsory courses withselective courses.7.Some people believe that government funding of the arts isnecessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.1)Art is never supposed to be accessible to all people because of itsintrinsic nature of spiritual product.2)Money should be used for more important issue as hunger andaccess to clean water.3)Government itself is not a proper entity to support art since artwill be restrict and utilized for political purpose and lose its purity of aesthesis.8.Claim: in any field-business, education, politics, government-thosein power should step down after five years.Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.1)Rotating-presidency is an efficient way to prevent corruption andincite competition among the potential leader which in turn ends up more productive.2)However rotating would impair the consistency within agovernment or company, and this will undermine the policy durability and no long-term consideration will be available.3)It would be a favorable choice to make an eclectic choice.Implementing a strict supervision mechanism and evaluation system that guarantee that company function properly and suitable for creative ideas.9.In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significantcontribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.1)It is necessary to master the previous knowledge about a certainfield in order to further its study and make significant contribution to that field. Like Newton, Bill Gates.2)However it is the preoccupied ideas that restrain our creativethinking and limit our innovation ability. Literature and design.3)There are some fields that pre-knowledge never ranks first on thepriority list. Singing-talent’s role may appear more prominent. 10.N ations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wildernessareas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.1)Human should bear some responsibility to preserve some of thenature habitat for wilderness. Conservatives for panda and Yellow Rock National Park.2)Extinction of wilderness areas and species could be explain awayby Darwin’s Selection Theory that it is normal to have species disappear from this planet and people should not try to protect them in sacrifice of everything.3)Conservation and economic gain never mutually contradict eachother. Establish Nature Park to stimulate tourism that benefits both nature and human.11.P eople’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their ownmaking.1)Motivation. People could be motivated by numerous stimulationsfrom human natural desire to moral and ethical sense.2)Regulation. Not all our will are legitimate and we have to obey therule as long as we are in this society. Want to do but cannot do.3)Obligation. Required to sate the responsibility and be a strong linkin the social circle. Do not want to do but have to do.12.G overnment should offer a free university education to any studentwho has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.1)It would be a favorable suggestion that students can obtaineducation without worry about the money they have to pay.2)Certain drawbacks are clear. How to define that who is qualifiedto acquire the support and those in power may have the chance to manipulate the money so that those in need do not have the money.3)Money should be given to solve more crucial issue such as hungerand access to clean water.13.U niversities should require every student to take a variety ofcourses outside the student’s field of study.1)Having various knowledge about several subjects is conducivethat inter-subject knowledge will help to broaden the horizon and improve working efficiency.2)Prepare them better for future careers since no career issingle-related and a broad view will help them stand out.3)Whether or not to choose a variety of courses should be studentsown choice and it is university’s responsibility to provide them with diverse courses rather than command them to go.14.A nation should require all of its students to study the samenational curriculum until they enter college.See 6.15.E ducational institutions should actively encourage students tochoose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.1)It is reasonable to take earning ability into account when choosingthe field of study. Family support, social status.2)Happiness is more important than money.3)Educational institution should focus more on enabling students tobe qualified for future competition and inculcating them knowledge rather than suggesting them what to do and what to be in the future.16.S ome people believe that in order to be effective, political leadersmust yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives.1)Political leaders should remain on some of their judgment andimplement the policy consistently. They know the information that cannot be exposed to public, so their decision is more likely to be farsighted.2)Yielding to public opinion may lead to decrease in workingefficiency, because there will always be endless controversies.3)It is part of the leader’s role to serve the public. In this sense,leaders should take public opinion into consideration.17.F ormal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather thanset them free.1)Formal education is necessary because it enables most of theordinary people to have access to knowledge. University education.2)Creative mind and innovation instinct will voluntarily makesomeone to acquire knowledge wherever possible. From mass media, from daily life.3)Formal education does not restrain us, but on the contrary, itestablishes a sound foundation for further creation.18.T he well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its peoplequestion authority.1)Being reasonably skeptic is conducive in helping society todevelop. Because it provide different ideas from the orthodox andmight incite creative thinking.2)Over-skeptic will impede the productivity and impair the trustamong a society. Inter-individual relationship is undermined and upset the stability of society.3)Excessive skepticism may even contribute to commotion andupheaval which are devastating to a society and civilization.People will be eager to subvert the government and establish an alleged more equal and more democratic one.19.G overnments should focus on solving the immediate problems oftoday rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.1)Immediate problem ask for action for its exigent nature. Caraccidents, wars, and earthquakes.2)Long term problems are also crucial to be taken care of. Globalwarming and soil erosion.3)Government should value the significance of the problem ratherthan when or where does it happen. Solving immediate problems and anticipated problems are not mutually contradictory.20.S ome people believe that college students should consider onlytheir own talents and interests when choosing a field of study.Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.1)Interest and talent are significant because they are the bestmotivation that can make a student persistent about the field he chooses to enter. Bill Gates dropped out from university to develop Microsoft.2)Availability of jobs is also important because one has to beresponsible to support the family, maintain the social net work.That all need money which will be paid from the job.3)Choosing field of study is far more than considering solely oneaspect. It is indeed a multi-factor issue. Access to that field, prospective development.21.L aws should be flexible enough to take account of variouscircumstances, times, and places.1)Laws are not supposed to be omnipotent when dealing withdifferent cases. Laws are just a reference for judges.2)If laws are flexible which means the material and idea are morelikely to be substituted or revised, laws will lose their consistency and authority. Even worse, they will be easily interfered by power.3)It is reasonable to require justice rather than laws to be moreflexible and consider the motivation and circumstances under which the incident occurred.22.C laim: the best way to understand the character of a society is toexamine the character of the men and women that the societychooses as its heroes or its role models.Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society’s highest ideals.1)Heroes are the highest ideals of a society and it represents partlythe society. They stand for the best characteristic and ideal model of the society. Yao Ming, excellent but not average.2)Heroes and ideal models are always disguised when facing thepublic, so what people see might not be true. Good at some aspects but not omnipotent.3)Impossible to be someone like a national hero, so the hero in turndoes not represent the general public’s characteristic.23.G overnment should place few, if any, restrictions on scientificresearch and development.1)Scientific research is supposed to be disinterested and aiming atbenefit all mankind. In this sense, government not only should not restrict but also encourage and provide support for scientific research. Medical research.2)In the actual world, some researches are designed to devastateand disrupt others’ basic human rights. Weapons.3)Even if the initial purpose is beneficent, it might turn out to beundesirable after some other applications have been discovered.Nuclear power.24.T he best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignorenegative ones.1)Praising positive actions indeed will encourage conducting thisdeed again, and thus cultivating a favorable habit.2)Praising too often will make one feel proud or even supercilious.So it is a desirable way to teach that help one form a habit of committing positive actions.3)On the other hand, ignoring negative action may lead to severeconsequence. If one is not punished for having done bad things, he will take it for granted that it is reasonable doing such deed.Bullying-abuse-murder.25.G overnments should offer college and university education free ofcharge to all students.1)Free of charge education is undoubtedly a favorable solution tosolve the undesirable drop-out and will enhance the basic human rights as receiving education.2)Supporting education to the degree like free education is not anappropriate choice under certain circumstance where money could have been used to solve more crucial problems. Hunger, access to clean water.3)Government can support education without upsetting otherimportant issues that ask for money simply by providing tuition loan rather than free education.26.T he luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent peoplefrom developing into truly strong and independent individuals.1)It is how we define independent and strong that matter in thisissue. Conveniences of contemporary life indeed impede some of our abilities such as strength and speed. We no longer need to hunter or fight against each other on the battle using sword and spear. In this sense, we do retrograde some of our ability.2)Being inter-dependent is a more productive way for a society andthat benefits all the members living in it. People are more professional at what they do and with the help of technology. This state of a society is much more stable and solid.3)Now we are mentally strong and are capable of tasks that used tobe impossible even for ancient people. We can now observe galaxy and supernova under the help of telescope.27.I n any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert tomake important contribution.1)It is true that beginners are more likely to be innovative andcreative because they are less restricted by the pre-known knowledge. It is easier for them to think out of the box.2)Beginners have their drawbacks in making significantcontributions. Without knowing basic rules about a certain field, the laity’s voice may be as ridiculous as suggesting sending a manto the sun.3)Experts with certain traits are far more likely to makecontributions. Such as perseverance, innovation and talent.28.T he surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by theachievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.1)General welfare in by all means a significant indicator of thewell-being of a nation.2)Taking an insightful perspective, welfare of the general is merelythe side effect of the upper level’s contribution. Technology and regulation.3)The rulers, artists, or scientists not only made prominentcontribution to the society in the past, they will also determine where the society will go. Environmentalists predicting the global warming, physicists determine the prospective possible energy source.29.T he best way to teach –whether as an educator, employer, orparent-is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.See 2430.T eachers’ salaries should be based on their students’ academicperformance.1)Academic performance is a crucial exponent when evaluating aschool’s achievement and assessing a teacher’s capability. Noble laureate alumni are always mentioned to attract more and better prospective enrollment for a university.2)It could be unfair for certain teachers teaching certain courseswhich are extremely hard to learn. In these classes students are not likely to acquire high scores as do in other classes, and such a relatively low academic performance is due to the subject itself, not the teacher’s ability to teach. For example quantum physics and topology.3)Relating academic performance to salaries may be misleading andcounterproductive to improving the education quality. Teachers will deliberately give higher scores to students in order to earn more money.31.S ociety should make efforts to save endangered species only ifpotential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.1)There are some species extinctions are attributed to humanactivities. We have deteriorated their natural habitat, disturbed the food chain and caused global warming.2)Undeniably is that there are extinctions which are not results ofhuman activities. According to Darwin’s Natural Selection Theory, it is normal to have animals extinct.3)We save the endanger species not because we are the cause oftheir extinction, but by accomplishing such action, we are able to maintain the diversity of nature, which in turn benefit human ourselves.32.C ollege students should base their choice of a field of study on theavailability of jobs in that field.See 2033.A s we acquire more knowledge, things do not become morecomprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.1)By acquiring more knowledge, the accumulation casts light uponnumbers of problems. Physics enable us to master construction and biology makes vaccine or even organ transplantation possible.2)While being able to solve more problems, it is indisputable thatwe come up with more questions asking for answers. Where is the edge, if exist, of the universe? Where is worm hole? Can we travel through time? Is superluminal possible?3)Things are complicated as their innate characters. Whataccumulating knowledge enabled us is not making things more elusive and impenetrable, but to equip us with the ability to find more questions that we seldom notice before.34.I n any situation, progress requires discussion among people whohave contrasting point of view.1)People share the same view will work efficiently with each other,and the group will be harmonious. Clubs summons people with the same interest and same ambition to be together, so they will work towards the same target like families.2)Different voices are valuable in groups. Because they are morelikely to be creative and innovative, and such characteristics are increasingly valuable in modern society.3)However on the other hand, being too stubborn to cooperatealways impede the development and far from being conducive. So on learn to tolerate the different view and cooperate for the maximum benefit.35.E ducational institutions should dissuade students from pursuingfields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.See 336.G overnment should not fund any scientific research whoseconsequences are unclear.1)Few researches can be anticipated before being carried out, andwhether the consequences are clear or not is not a favorable standard.2)Even the consequences are unclear or negative, researches stillworth funding for, because the valuable experience will benefit the coming generation and direct later researches. Noble’sresearch about safer explosive.3)Though some researches may bear clear and accessible fruit,funding for them categorically is still open to doubt.Clone-antihuman, nuclear weapon-devastating.37.S ociety should identify those children who have special talents andprovide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.1)Undeniable is that special training will make it easier for childrenwith talents to succeed. It is a waste to leave those talents dormant forever.2)Distinguishing talented children from ordinary children may be adiscriminating action. This action will have negative impact on both the talented and ordinary. The talented are more likely to be pompous and never take pains to do something, while the ordinary just feel abandoned.3)There are much more than talent to be taken into considerationthan talent, such as moral sense, social skill, and correct values. 38.I t is primarily through our identification with social groups that wedefine ourselves.1)It is our intrinsic nature to be part of a group in which we sharethe same trait with others. Boys like to hang out with boys and keep away with girls since primary school, and people love to join the interest clubs and fraternities.2)People share within the same social group help each other andstimulate each other to become better. Top students in high schools like to form study groups in which they have the approximate academic performance, and in these groups, students are inspired by each other to work hard.3)As we grow up and accumulate more experience, we are morelikely to be distinguished by characteristics other than interests and gender, which divide us into different social groups. We are more likely to be self-independent and define ourselves by the occupation, family background, and personality.39.C ollege students should be encouraged to pursue subjects thatinterest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.See 2040.C laim: When planning courses, educators should take into accountthe interests and suggestions of their students.Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.1)Students are less likely to voluntarily sign up for difficult courses ifnot required to. However, these courses may be important.Physics, math and computer programming.2)Students’interests do count when arranging the curriculum.Motivation is indeed a significant role in stimulating a student to be persistent and fanatic. Bill Gates is crazy for computer programming and that devotion for numbers and structures in turn helped him build Microsoft.3)Being too extreme about either of the options, absoluteinterest-based or absolute experienced-based, is not a desirable choice. Educators should arrange some compulsory courses together with some selective courses which satiate the students’interests.4)Such suggestion helps professors to improve their teaching skillsand being up to date. Subsequently, the overall benefits or university and students will be satiated.41.T he greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who liveafter them, not by their contemporaries.1)Some great ideas are so advanced that cannot fit in thecontemporary society. Because the theory or idea is based on principle that are not pervasively acknowledged. Albert Einstain.He established a theory of relativity, which expended the frontier of physics tremendously. But such a theory was not comprehensively understood by more than ten people at that time.2)Some reasonable and conducive ideas are repudiated becausethey contradict the basic benefit of the ruling class. Copernicus’s theory about solar-centered universe instead of the pervasive earth-centered universe was more approximate to the truth, if not correct. Nevertheless, it offended the interests of the ruling class, the pontiff in this case.3)Undeniable is that there do exist some ideas that are appreciatedby the contemporaries. Bill Gates’s contribution to personal computer and Larry Page’s to internet searching engine.42.S tudents should always question what they are taught instead ofaccepting it passively.1)Skepticism is what enhances the acquired knowledge. Byquestioning the established theory, we scrutinize the equations and descriptions again and again.2)Help to establish new theories, and help form critical creativethinking. Copernicus’s heliocentrism.3)However, being too fascinated about skepticism will end up withcounterproductive result. Skepticism should be based on relatively reasonable questioning rather than innocent disturbance. America suspected the existence of weapons of mass destruction, so they invade Iraq without finding any such weapons.43.T he increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems thanit solves.1)Rapid pace of life is a hallmark of industrialization and issomehow inevitable. And such a development really improved certain aspects about our lives. We are capable of accomplishing things that were impossible and we significantly promoted the productivity and precision of our work.2)Serious problems that come with the advancement of society alsoappear prominent. Working pressure lead to headache or even suicide. In this sense, such a shift adds to the instable factors of society and upset our tranquil lives.3)Dealing with such a development and shift in lifestyle is more asubjective issue than a objective one. We should adjust our mental condition and adapt ourselves to this very rapid pace. 44.C laim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living manor woman as a hero.Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.1)It is reasonable to claim that media has negative impact on thereputation of heroes. Medias are so dedicated to scrutinize every drawback of celebrities and heroes.2)Sometimes, media also plays a positive role in promoting a heroespecially when stability of society is at stake. After 911,earthquake.3)People are more reasonable and well-educated today, so theyunderstand that even heroes are ordinary people executed certain marvelous deed. The peccadillo does not really impair their reputations.45.C ompetition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learningat all levels of education.1)It does have positive impact on students. Since dedicated to gethigh scores in exam, students will work harder and improve their efficiency voluntarily. This competition will enhance their mastery of basic principles and rules of science and art.2)The fanatic pursuit of high score will post much pressure onstudents which in turn end up with serious mental disease.Solitary, amnesia, or even delirium.3)Purely devotion for high score will impede other developmentsuch as communication skills and health. Thus, a highly respected mastery of knowledge cannot be applied to reality. Meaning that this competition will not improve the productivity, if not hamper, of science and society.46.U niversities should require every student to take a variety ofcourses outside the student’s field of study.1)A significant separation between art literature and science has。
issue整理+提纲+分类+例子
当务之急与百年大计227、36、244、11、24、170、101、222、191、173、224、98、44个体和整体(少数和多数、局部和整体)230、234、52、239、42、183、232、147、88、233、198、243、2、3、8、9、25、140、145、182、28、40、41、47、51、57、59、73、136、142、116、159、210、85、93、141、165、120、125、150、151、155、179、161、188、77、103、194、203、209、4、23、149、192、211、5、62、63、204、132、158、33技术进步对人类的影响231、18、130、135、217、240、146、176、99、10、104、38、117、46、49、68、87、131、163、185、195、199、213、94、95、109、115、129、139理性与感性236、71、90、92、162、27、114、106、107、137、164、172、196、13、89、186不同领域的交流228、118、30、134、43、61、74、111、112、138、156、157、177、180、21、200、201、223、54、37、97、184、154、160、19统一与分歧(竞争)225、226、229、241、242、15、17、26、32、39、45、48、58、72、75、22、76、102、121、122、152、123、124、126、133、143、148、174、175、178、181、189、193、205、207、208、214、215、218、219、220、235、237、91、96、65、81、12、35、80现实和理想238、53、166、60、31、66、70、14、79、86、110、128、144、171、190、202、212、216 新与旧6、7、34、50、55、64、67、78、82、83、100、105、108、84、127、153、56、167、168、169、187、197、206、113、119、38、221◆当务之急与百年大计●227、当务之急和百年大计(现在和将来)P1Humanity should take into account both long-term interests and short-term interests when making budgets1、当代问题Naturally, each generation is most concerned about solving problems that immediately confront them such as the development of economy, the problems of losing jobs, crimes, poverty, disease and war because these social problems threaten the process of our lives and safety of our assets. 失业问题As a result, government carries out a policy to ensure every child in poor African countries can be vaccinated with the hygiene conditions are unqualified.2、长远计划造福后人(环境的问题太土了吧;探索外太空)While at the same time, we should invest some money into some long-term researches. As we all know, a lot of problems cannot be settled immediately instead of long-term research, just like the environment problem, which needs a long-term plan as a fundamental solution. Long-term research devotes to resolving or preventing social problems that might occur to our descendants 后代; preserve the environment from deterioration恶化is easier than resolving those already emerged environmental problems which threaten the ecosystem.3、我们受益,还要造福后人(例子)Therefore, as beneficiaries受益人of previous先前的generations, each generation should make its own contribution for the well-being of future generations. Those who only emphasis thetemporary life and ignore the future will make a serious effect on the future generations. Faced with the problem of energy, how can our children operate the planes, automobiles even televisions without the research of energy conservation?●36、P36只不过多了政府:1、To win the favor of the general public, governments throughout the world tend to focus on solving the immediate problems of today.改成政府组织解决问题2、However, a government’s failing to prepare for future challenges will cause disasters to its country in the long run.环境问题3、Furthermore, a government should always take into consideration the possible future effects of the actions it takes today.●244、P2顺序颠倒写1、No one would deny the fact that it is in the young generation that lies the future of our society. 孩子决定未来,投资教育(周恩来:为中华的崛起而读书stage its economic take-off实现经济起飞)2、However, this does not mean that we can ignore the interests of adults, who make up the major work force of our society avoiding no one can take well care of the young generation. 如果忽视了对成人的服务,可能间接会影响到孩子。
Issue题库分类及写作提纲
GRE写作Issue问题题库分析与提纲第一类社会2. "Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society." 归根结底,竞争对于社会是利多弊少。
Generally speaking, competition contributes to progress in society.Generally speaking, competition contributes to progress in society.In democratic countries, when parties and candidates compete for power, the public benefits. Admittedly, when competition gets out of the control of mores and laws, society will suffer.竞争对于社会的优点和缺点------------------------------3. "It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."与其花钱进行可能有助于后代的长期性研究,还不如把钱花在迫在眉睫,已经存在的社会问题上。
Humanity should take into account both long-term interests and short-term interests when making budgets. Naturally, each generation is most concerned about solving problems that immediately confront them. However, what differentiates human beings from other animals is that humans have a sense of future and are morally responsible for the well-being of theirdescendents.Therefore, as beneficiaries of previous generations, each generation should make its own contribution for thewell-being of future generations.当务之急和百年大计的关系------------------------------9. "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."近些年来,学科已经细化到了相当的程度以至于学者们的理念只影响小范围的人群。
gre作文issue文化提纲完整版
文化类1(6). "The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the t rends of its youth."了解当代文化最有效的途径就是去分析当代年轻人的潮流。
文明潮流和年轻人潮流的关系。
Topic:了解当代文化的途径之一是了解年轻人的潮流,但它并不是最有效的途径,还有许多其它的途径。
只考虑其中一方面是不够的。
其中最有效的途径是媒体。
In order to understand contemporary culture, It’s better to consider the youth idea combined with the other people's idea. Just take only one part of the population's opinion is insufficiently, and the youth is not a critical factor in the contemporary culture trend. The most important factor in deciding the current culture is the media1)年轻人的潮流是多变的,那只代表了一种时尚,是文化最前沿的东西,而不是文化的全部。
年轻人的特点就是喜欢新奇的事物,最新的folk music film 都是他们的最爱;同是他们的兴趣也是多变的,每一季的时装发布会之后,他们所追随的东西就发生了变化,这种多边性决定了这不是文化的全部和主流,因为文化是一个相对稳定的东西;当然年轻人的这种潮流为文化注入了新鲜与活力。
2)中年和老年人的文化在整个社会文化中也占据了很大的比列。
when it comes to the classics and other stable form of human mind, such as philosophy, classic art, it is primarily through the analysis of the old form we achieve our goal.3)Form my point of view,最有效的途径是了解一个社会的媒体。
Issue 提纲整理
130“How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learnt how to raise children who can bring about a better society.”1●How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Common senses: Children are the future of one nation. Any society, be it modernization or tradition, for sustainable development sake, should endeavor to refine the education system to meet the demands of the currents. Otherwise, it may bring the destructive consequence to itself.Culture revolutionJapan grows up after ww2 (depends on science and education)●Unfortunately, we have not yet learn how to raise children who canbring about a better society.①Deficiency of our current educational systemAntisocial behaviorJuvenile delinquency, street crime, adolescent abortion, group sex, guns& alcohol abusive, addiction to drugs and virtual games mainly concerned about violence and sex.②Admittedly,以上是少数但是大多数受教育的学生处于迷茫状态,如何学习?学习什么?Example:*学校决定课程-student control over curriculum●In order to ameliorate the current situation, what should we do?*学校决定课程-focus of education*思考传统48"The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."2●Admittedly, in some degree, those significant events in history havemuch to do with the groups of people.1)When it comes to the greatest architecture in the world, such as the Tai Mahal, the Great Wall, the Pyramid, and so forth, it seems that the mass groups have done the hardest job instead of the famous few, however, just consider if there is no such famous few, be they monarchs or architects, who else want to devote his whole life just for a gratuitous architecture?2)历史上events:Martin Luther King Jr.( campaign for civil rights)Mahatam Gandhi (nonviolence campaign)●However, it is the famous few that inspire and guide us to to the,美国就不能recovery from depression*Abraham Lincoln, exerted himself in the civil war for the freedom of the black.2)In the realm of science& technology*没有Wright Brother的努力,人类飞天的梦想,就永远不会实现*Newton, detected and found the universal gravitation*Thomas Edison, exerted himself day and night assiduously just for the brightness of human*Herry Ford, invented first car for ordinary people●Place emphasis on individuals is the most efficient way to studyhistory.history overemphasize on individual是因为资料的比较容易得到,而若要记下common people involved 不现实impossible,famous few的written records, photos, samples are easily collected. 因为当时人们会pay more attention on them。
gre作文issue社会提纲完整版
社会类1(2). "Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."归根结底,竞争对于社会是利多弊少。
竞争对于社会的优点和缺点Topic:同意,"Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."1)“物竞天择,适者生存”是自然界的普遍规律。
达尔文在研究了自然界发展的规律后,得出了一个基本规律,万物都是在竞争中,在适应环境变化的过程中才能生存,弱肉强食,自然界的变化是如此,人类社会的变化也是如此。
因此,竞争是不可避免的客观规律。
2)竞争是促进社会发展的根本动力。
1,社会要前进,必须有创新,必须不断发展先进淘汰落后,优胜劣汰的过程是竞争中才得以实现的,2,人类的发展历史已经证明了这一点。
从奴隶社会发展到封建社会,再发展到资本主义社会,表面上看是人的改朝换代,实际上一是反映的是科学技术的不断进步,是科学技术竞争的结果。
青铜器淘汰了石器,铁器淘汰了青铜器;蒸汽机淘汰了原始的刀耕火种等等,落后的生产力不断被淘汰;二是反映人的民主意识的不断进步,是人为获得自身民主权利不断斗争的过程,从任受宰割的奴隶到自由独立的公民,反映了人生依附关系的不断松懈,人权的不断落实,落后的生产关系不断被淘汰。
3,如果没有竞争,人们就会甘于落后,甘于停滞不前,社会的发展就会缺少前进的动力,就如中国50-60年代的计划经济时代。
3)社会竞争的“弊”不能掩盖社会竞争带来的“利”。
任何事物都有两面性,竞争也会产生一些副作用,比如:会在社会上产生一些不正当的手段,竞争会使一部分缺乏竞争能力的人受到伤害,导致两极分化的出现,导致失业人口的增加等等,但是这些与竞争所带来的社会进步相比,是次要的,而且是可以通过不断完善法制,不断完善社会保障加以解决的。
gre作文issue行为提纲完整版
行为类1(12). "People's attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by any internal characteristic."人们的态度更多的是由临时的情况或者环境所决定,而非人们自身的特点。
.心理问题之冲动和可预测------------------------------2(18). "Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea."只有通过排除异议和对照其他的观点来捍卫一个理念,人们才能真正的发现该理念的价值所在。
------------------------------3(21). "Reform is seldom brought about by people who are concerned with their own reputation and social standing. Those who are really in earnest about reforming a government, an educational system, or any other institution must be willing to be viewed with disdain by the rest of the world."改革几乎从来都不是由那些关心自己声誉和社会地位的人发起的。
那些真正热衷于政府改革、教育改革和其他机构改革的人们一定都是甘于被他人轻视的。
我的194道issue提纲 包含新G大部分题目
一、政治类(一)政府与人民的意见97It is unfortunate but true that political decisions and activities affect all aspects of people's lives.尽管很不幸,但这是一个事实,政治决策和活动影响着人们生活的方方面面。
开头:①政治确实影响着人们。
从历史上看,美国废除了奴隶制,彻底给了黑人自由,实现了人权平等。
两次世界大战,北欧小国瑞士都始终保持政治上的中立,免除战火,而让其国民始终过着幸福②这种影响不一定是unfortunate。
如国家加强法制建设,惩治犯罪就会带来全社会的安全。
保证人们的安全,正常的学习,生活,工作。
国家加强文化建设、对教育的关注,资金的注入,就会提高教育质量,降低教育收费,促进全民的教育,让每个人都在年轻的时候学好,为自己将来工作、服务社会打下基础。
③因此领导者在做出决定的时候应当小心,他的某一个小小的决定将影响许多人,所以,领导着应当时刻有着敏锐的政治眼光,善于听取下属,人们的意见作出最大利益的决定。
善于随着环境、经济条件的变化对原来的政治决策制度作出新的修改。
比如近代中国邓小平觉察到计划经济的不足,迅速发起经济改革,引起市场经济,让中国经济实现了巨大的进步。
结尾:45/79Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carrying out the will of the people whom they serve.政府官员应该有自己的判断力,而不应该盲目地依从人民的意愿。
(这两题有点相似,第3段有少许区别)开头:①政治官员是杰出的个人,他们通常有着较高的学识,敏锐的判断力,长远的目光,所以他们的决定一般都是正确的。
//比如,近代中国邓小平觉察到计划经济的不足,迅速发起经济改革,引起市场经济,让中国经济实现了巨大的进步。
ISSUE提纲
1. In some countries, television and radio programs are carefully censored for offensive language and behavior. In other countries, there is little or no censorship.In your view, to what extent should government or any other group be able to censor television or radio programs? Explain, giving relevant reasons and/or examples to support your position.agree1Television and radio programs with offensive language and behavior can adversely affect individual's mood.2Imitation of the offensive language and behavior including obscenity and violence can do harm to the society as a whole.3Some one may argue that to censor the television and radio programs is a violation of the right of free speech. However, these people misunderstand the essence of freedom including the right of free speech. No one can get any freedom, if everyone can do whatever they want regardless of the impact on others.2. “It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. International leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the world‟s energy resources for future generations.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.1To conserve the energy is a world-wide project. No individual country is able to do it independently.2It is unfair to let individual nations to make sacrifices while the others do not.3The best and the most efficient way is the whole wolrd conserve the energy simultaneously and collectively.3. “Corporations and other businesses should try to eliminate the many ranks and salary grades that classify employees according to their exper ience and expertise. A…flat‟ organizational structure is more likely to encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.disagree1Hierarchical organizational structure can make an organization work more efficient.2Salary grades can inspire the members of an organization or employees of a company try their best to make contribution to the organization or the company.3TO help eliminate the aggressive attitude among members of an organization of employees of a company. A fair and open evalutaion system should be carefull designed. What is more, it is imprudent to say a flat organizational structure can encourage cooperation an collegiality. It is more likely to have conflicts without solution when no one has the authority to make the final judgement.4. “Of all the manifestations* of power, restraint in the use of that power impresses people most.”* manifestations: apparent signs or indicatorsExplain what you think this quotation means and discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with it. Develop your position with reasons and/or specific examples drawn from history, current events, or your own experience, observations, or reading.1Admittedly, it is not always good to use the power to the utmost. There is no need for manager to fire an employee who have committed a minus violation of the coompany rule. There is no use for the head of a state to lauch a war when there is only a political disagreement with another country, and so on so forth.2likewise, to restrain the use of power is not always good.3In fact, we are more likely to be impressed by a flexible use of power.5. “All groups and organizations should function as teams in which everyone makes decisions and shares responsibilities and duties. Giving one person central authority and responsibility for a project or task is not an effective way to ge t work done.”To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above? Support your views with reasons and/or specific examples drawn from your own work or school experiences, your observations, or your reading.1For groups and organizations that are stable, it is reasonable to have a flat organizational structure.2For groups and organizations that are always confronted with emergencies, it is always better to give one certain person central authority and responsibility.3It is hard to say that one structure is necessarily better than the other. They all have advantages and disadvantages. And it is a case-by-case discussion.6. “There is only one definition of success —to be able to spend your life in your own way.”To what extent do you agree or disagree with this definition of success? Support your position by using reasons and examples from your reading, your own experience, or your observation of others.1I agree with the author to the extent that success has no universal criteria, every has its own way to success.2However, on one's way to his or her own success, one should not violate the law and the ethics. 3To improve the quotation, a better definition of success can be --- to be able to enjoy one's life and do some contribution to the society as a whole.7. “The best way to give advice to other people is to find out what they want and then advise them how to attain it.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.1I agree the first half of author's opinion. There is no use to give advice to people, when you evendon't what they want or what their problems are.2However, it is better to help them find their own way to attain what they want.3Admittedly, some times it is impossible to instruct the people step by step cause it is time-consuming to do so. And, in contrast, directly tell them how to attain is much esier.8. “For hund reds of years, the monetary system of most countries has been based on the exchange of metal coins and printed pieces of paper. However, because of recent developments in technology, the international community should consider replacing the entire system of coins and paper with a system of electronic accounts of credits and debits.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.1Intangible currencies are more convenient than its predecessor.2Tangible currencies are safer than its counterparts.3It is too extreme to let the electronic system replace the tangible system entirely. We can let they two coexist.9. “Employees should keep their private lives and personal activities as separate as possible from the workplace.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.1Personal activities should not be brought to one's workplace since they can reduce one's efficiency. Thinking about one's private life can distract one from his or her work.2Talking about private life and doing personal activities can disturb other fellow workers.3It is inevitable for a person to think about his or her private life and to do some personal activities at the workplace. But an employee should do his or her best to focus on the work when at workplace.10. “In any enterprise, the process of making or doing something is ultimately more important than the final product.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.1The ultimate aim for an enterprise is to gain the maximum profit. The final product instead of the process of making or doing something can bring the enterprise profit.2To make the final profit more acceptable to the consumers, special attention should be put on the process of making the product.3I prefer to say that the process of making and doing something is extremely important in any enterprise because it directly affect the quality of the final product.11. “When someone achieves greatness in any field —such as the arts, science, politics, or business —that person‟s achievements are more important than any of his or her personal faults.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support yourviews with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.1Every one has faults. We can not ignore one's achievement only because he or she has made some faults. Likewise, we can not neglect one's error when he or she achieves greatness in the field.2When it comes to which one is more important, the greatness or the faults, the final judgement should be based on the situation of the certain person. In fact, as far as I am concerned, it makes no sense to make such a judgement.3We should give a person fair and reasonable evalluation. It is imprudent to say that the greatness one achieves in one field is necessarily more important than the faults he or she makes.12“Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the keys to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.”In your opinion, how accurate is the view expressed above? Explain, using reasons and examples based on your own experience, observations, or reading.“教育已经成为我们的社会里个人机会的主要提供者。
ISSUE高频提纲整理
1======================Issue 51======================【题目】”Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student.‖【翻译】只有针对每个学生的需要和兴趣,教育才真正的有意义。
【题纲】Position: There is no doubt that education should pay more attention on the needs and interests of students, but it is possible for education to satisfy every student.1、从教育的目的上讨论,兴趣对教育的重要性;对个人,爱因斯坦有句至理名言:―兴趣是最好的老师‖;对社会,教育的目的就是为社会培养各种人才,如果不注重学生兴趣,那么他们到社会不可能尽其所能。
有时候可能埋没人才。
比如一味的强调分数,那么对发明有兴趣的学生可能会失去动力,eg.哥白尼以前学医,爱因斯坦小时候学习并不好(这个例子是以前看到别人用的,我没有想到很好的例子)2、学校必须努力发现并培养学生的兴趣。
因为有些学生没有意识到自己的兴趣,因此学校要在这方面作引导。
例如学校可以通过开设对终选修课,增加各类奖学金等方法来鼓励学生培养自己的兴趣;3、但是,鼓励兴趣的培养不等于学校必须根据每个学生的兴趣来进行教育,这既无意义也不现实;一方面老师是有限的,而学生的兴趣是各种各样的。
另一方面,学生没有足够的判断力来决定自己该学什么,比如数学,有些学生不喜欢学,但是能够去掉吗?过分强调学生兴趣势必会造成教学的紊乱,而且学生的兴趣不同阶段可能发生改变;4、总结2=================Issue 144=================【题目】"It is the artist, not the critic, who gives society something of lasting value."【翻译】是艺术家而不是批评家,给了社会一些永久的价值。
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61. People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered itsconsequences.1.正:a、考虑风险选择是否行动;an old saying goes: More haste, less speed. 例如,爱因斯坦曾经提醒美国总统研发核武器并将其用于战争。
美国经过考虑,衡量了核武器的危险性与好处,研发了核武器。
在二战时,就应用了核武器,加速了胜利。
b、根据可能的结果修正行为。
例如,例如航空航天,太空垃圾,现在尽量少丢垃圾。
2.反:a、情况紧急无法考虑,例如蜀国攻打秦国;b、结果非常复杂无法考虑,例如工业革命时,如果总是考虑带来的环境污染或者人们的快节奏生活带来的压力,那么就会阻碍工业化发展;c、推测结果可能错误。
但后果考虑得太多容易错过机会或因压力导致失败。
想得太多,最后不敢冒险;太计较结果,给自己压力3.交汇:并不矛盾:a、适当考虑同时勇于尝试(dare to challenge, adventurous);b、复杂情况分段,考虑中间结果4.结论:是风险(hazard)和结果的关系还需讨论,简单说必须充分考虑是不明智和不全面的(incomplete)。
只有正确认识,才能令两方共存并相互获利。
62. Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.1.正:a、外部需要使人成为leader。
例如,毛泽东。
喜欢孙子兵法the art of war,抗日战争。
如果他生活在和平年代,那么就不一定成为一个领导者。
;b、领导者重要目的是实现被领导者需求;2.反:a、领导者自身意志,如邓小平,改革开放the reform and opening-up policy b、妥协结果,不完全代表任何一方3.交汇:情况多样:a、两者结合,又如Hitler;b、缺乏标准,不能区分自身意志和外部需求;c、不同时代不一,如封建时代(feudal times)君主(sovereign,monarch)和民主时代(democratic times)4.结论:尽管领导地位(leadership)和需求的关系still remains largely unknown,简单说需求起决定作用(play a decisive role and lead to the creation of leaders)是不明智的。
要全面看待,才能更准确。
64. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools ofhuman minds.1.机器是由人类控制的。
人类按照自己的意愿,用自己的智慧制造机器;人类使用机器;机器为人类活动服务。
尽管机器好,但不过是类科技的产物,它不会思考。
2.人类智能优于机器智能。
虽然有机器具有很强的智能。
深蓝(dark blue),但是建立在机械计算基础上的,人可以综合各种因素判断,inspiration;机器没有主观独立思想,被人类控制,没有情感,不能创造music novel comment;机器的智能都是人类输入的,例如编程。
机器的思考只是特定步骤的重复。
例如,深蓝的胜利是由于其内部存储的billion 的chess games。
其结果不一定正确3.机器比人强:但是计算机在某些方面已经超过了人类,比如高速计算,比如数据分析,人类不可能达到。
机器的运算能力,机器的感觉能力,机器的控制能力65. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resistunjust laws.1.正:a、法律有局限,某些不合理;b、反抗不合理推动法律发展2.反:a、每个人对法律的公正与否都有自己的想法,任何一条法律都有可能对一部分人公正而对另一部分人不公正。
非要东巴文化普通话为官方语言,对东巴人不公平;而另本来说普通话的地区以普通话为官方语言,就公平。
与文化习俗有关。
Culture and customsb、正义与否各人不同,如果有人遵守有人不遵守,就会破坏法律的威严dignity。
3.交汇:法律一直在发展:a、确实有不合理,但要结合制定出发点;b、总体要遵守,是否合理广泛讨论研究4.结论:尽管对于法律是否合理还需讨论,基于个人来判断是否合理及如何对待是草率的(cursory)。
要在守法的情况下推进法律适应时代。
66. People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the most critical of it.1.正:a、坚定的人关注更多;b、不完善,需要改进,如追求自由平等2.反:a、坚定者主要支持;b、最激烈反对者别有用心3.交汇:情况不同,慎重看待:a、批判目的不易判断,不宜定论;b、批判赞扬都可坚定;c、沉默者也可坚定4.结论:尽管对意见的态度因人因时而异,简单说批判者最坚定是不明智的。
要全面考虑,才能认识更准确。
69. Some people believe it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withholdinformation from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed.1.正:a、,政府准备到某个state 进行人们生活质量考察,之前就很有必要不告诉大家,因为如果告诉了the public,那个state 的领导可能会做一些工作,考察到的就不是真实情况了;b、涉及国家安全,国家机密state secrets;如国防national defense,抓捕犯人culprit 等c、信息造成社会恐慌(social panic),公开工作复杂,花费时间精力。
2.反:a、政府向民众隐瞒信息是不明智的,因为只有保持信息的交流才能做出正确的科学决策。
经常地从人民大众那儿进行信息沟通的领导者容易得到大众的理解和支持。
例如中国的非典,初期没有通知群众,从而使得浪费最佳时机。
通知以后,得到了人们的大力支持,克服了非典。
b、过度的隐瞒信息会使得政府难以和群众取得沟通,向群众隐瞒容易引起不信任distrust,进而失去威信prestige。
并可能最终破坏民主3.交汇:所以,在涉及到人民生活与利益方面,政府应该办公透明化。
A)利于社会稳定,公众了解了政府才能信任政府B)利于领导者与公众的交流,听取民众的意见和建议使政府接受监督,防止腐败a、国家利益重要并最终造福人民;b、政治透明度不断提高是趋势4.结论:尽管国家如何开放和开放哪些信息仍需讨论,full informed是不明智的。
由于优点和缺点已被部分知道,要采取合适手段,才能削弱弊端并最大获益。
73. College and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they research.1.正:a、教学是学校重要任务,学生可以进一步明确所学内容在社会生活与工作中如何发挥作用,明确学习目标和方法。
数字电子技术digital electronic technic的老师教给最经济的解决问题的方法。
b、让应用学科的人参与实际工作,首先,能够激发motivate研究人员的兴趣,并扩宽他们的视野,了解到最前沿的发展趋势development trend。
促进科学应用到生活。
c、缓解科研人员压力2.反:a、首先这样会使教员分心,有可能面外的工作占用很多精力,而忽略了教学任务,这样反而会降低教学质量。
比如,现在计算机行业computer industry很热门,有很多计算机系的老师在外面的公司兼职做项目,导致上课质量下降,很多只是应付任务。
;b、有些学科,比如基础研究学科fundamental disciplines数学、物理的发展是需要在实验室里的,这些老师不需要必须花时间去外面工作。
3.交汇:因情况而异:a、对于研究为主院系要不放松研究;b、学校增加教师;c、吸引学生加入科研4.结论:尽管科研和教学的关系还需讨论,简单说学校要求都从事教学是不明智的。
要合理分析和采取措施,并不矛盾可以共存互惠。
74. Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.1.正:a、有一些新兴领域很难根据历史知识做决策;b、就算经验正确也不能适应现代复杂情况;2.反:a、历史上的经验教训帮助我们避免犯错,做出正确决策; 如果没有前人对不平等社会制度的挑战,我们就不可能生活在目前的公平和谐的社会中,这些经验同时帮助我们决定如何进一步完善社会制度;如果在没有前人做的大量实验和数据,现代科研工作者就不得不重复繁杂的工作,这些东西帮助他们确定研究方向。
b、历史可以起到警示作用,这让我们做决定的时候更加谨慎。
比如一战和二战的爆发给人们带来了无尽的灾难,人民饱受苦难,社会的进步被slow down,了解这段历史帮助政府在以后处理国际事务的时候本着和平的原则;伦敦烟雾的启示。
3.交汇:总体有参考价值,但灵活看待:a、尊重基本方法,并推动发展;b、参考历史同时分析现状;c、客观记录历史为后人造福4.结论:尽管参考历史的影响尚需讨论,简单说没有价值是草率和不明智的。
如果正确采用,弊端会被削弱且优点outweigh缺点并造福人类。
77. The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of itsyouth.1.正:a、青少年是社会的重要组成部分,其潮流一定程度上反映当代的文化。
年轻人在家庭教育、学校教育和社会教育的环境下长大,他们的思想和行为方式在一定程度上也是一个国家文化的体现。
年轻人更容易接受新事物,同时更张扬,更易形成社会潮流。
例如:青少年爱吃fast food,反映社会节奏的加快;青少年爱好Internet,反映现代网络文化的发展和globalization,比如中国的年轻人较之与美国的年轻人,比较含蓄和保守,这正式受中国文化的影响。