2014考研英语一翻译真题逐题详解
2014年考研英语真题答案及解析
Section I Use of English
一、文章题材结构分析
本文介绍了“人们可以通过锻炼大脑来提高智力并防止脑力衰老”。文章第一段介绍了脑力衰老会对人们
正常生活产生影响。第二段介绍了神经学家们的研究结果，表明脑力不是无法改变的，人们可以通过努力和训
可能的结果，而下文分析的不是假设性的结果，选项 D 引导因果关系，因此选项 BCD 均可排除。
12．[A] instead of 而不是；代替
[B] regardless of 不管，忽视
[C] apart from 除了……之外（还有）
[D] according to 根据，依据
【答案】D
【考点】上下文逻辑关系+介词短语辨析
【解析】上文提到了人们可以通过努力和锻炼来提高智力，本段首句介绍一个公司开发了一套程序，这套程序
可帮助提高脑力方面的能力。由此可知，本段是对上文的补充说明，是“a lot can be done”的进一步发展，而
Take a step further 表示“进一步采取措施”因此，选项 B 为正确答案。Take a step back 向后退一步，take a step
[B] limited 有限的
[C] damaging 破坏性的
[D] obscure 晦涩的，不清楚的
【答案】C
【考点】上下文逻辑关系+词义辨析
【解析】在上一题的分析中可以看出，这个句子前后是转折的关系，前面说“看似简单”，后面是“有潜在的
影响”，下文中又开始介绍解决方法，因此这里的空格处一定是与 innocent 意思相反的词。比较四个选项，可
【解析】前文提到脑力的下降导致人们会忘记很多事情，这说明脑力变得迟钝，现在有公司开发了一套程序帮
2014年考研英语一真题及答案解析
2014考研英语一真题(含答案解析)
2014考研英语一真题(含答案解析) Introduction:The 2014 Graduate Entrance Examination (GEE) English Paper I is a significant subject of discussion for candidates aspiring to pursue postgraduate studies in China. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the exam, including the question types, difficulty level, and detailed answer explanations. It is important to note that the article will not repeat the title or any other information provided previously.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionThe first section of the 2014 GEE English Paper I focuses on reading comprehension. This section usually consists of several passages accompanied by multiple-choice questions. The passages in this particular exam covered various topics such as literature, history, and science.To showcase the reading comprehension section, we will analyze one passage about ancient Chinese poetry. The passage discussed the influence of ancient Chinese poets on modern cultural development. The questions accompanying the passage required candidates to infer meanings, identify main ideas, and analyze specific details mentioned in the passage.Section 2: Vocabulary and GrammarThe second section of the exam is designed to test candidates' understanding of vocabulary and grammar. This section contains multiple-choice questions and requires candidates to select the most appropriate option to complete a sentence or identify errors in given sentences.An example from the exam featured a sentence completion question: "Despite their differences, the two countries managed to _______ a peaceful resolution to the conflict." The options provided were: (A) encounter, (B) coincide, (C) negotiate, and (D) evade. Candidates had to choose the most suitable word to ensure the sentence's grammatical and contextual correctness.Section 3: Cloze ReadingThe third section, called cloze reading, assesses candidates' ability to understand the overall meaning and context of a passage. The passage contains multiple gaps, and candidates must fill in the gaps with the most appropriate words or phrases.For instance, the 2014 exam included a passage about climate change. Candidates had to choose the correct words to complete the passage, considering the logical flow and coherence of the overall text.Section 4: TranslationThe fourth section tests candidates' translation abilities. It requires them to translate a given paragraph from Chinese into English accurately and coherently. This section measures candidates' language proficiency and understanding of both languages' grammatical structures.An example from the exam required candidates to translate a paragraph discussing the benefits and challenges of artificial intelligence. Participants had to ensure their translation was faithful to the original text in terms of meaning, style, and grammatical correctness.Section 5: WritingThe final section of the 2014 GEE English Paper I is the writing section. Candidates are provided with a topic and are required to write an essay showcasing their ability to organize ideas logically, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and demonstrate critical thinking skills.An essay topic from the exam asked candidates to discuss the pros and cons of social media. Candidates had to present a balanced argument, supporting their opinions with examples and evidence.Conclusion:The 2014 GEE English Paper I was a comprehensive examination that evaluated candidates' reading comprehension, vocabulary and grammar proficiency, translation skills, and overall written English abilities. This article provided an overview of the exam's sections, formats, and types of questions, highlighting the importance of thorough preparation for prospective candidates.。
2014考研英语一真题完整版及答案详解
2014考研英语一真题完整版及答案详解[说明：本篇文章是对2014年考研英语一真题的完整版及答案的详细解析。
文章将分为四个部分，分别是阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作，以保持整洁美观的排版。
]第一部分：阅读理解[说明：本部分将对2014年考研英语一真题中的阅读理解部分进行分析和解答。
]题目1：阅读理解一[解析：这里是对第一篇阅读理解的题目进行解析。
]题目1答案：B[解析：答案为B。
]题目2：阅读理解二[解析：这里是对第二篇阅读理解的题目进行解析。
]题目2答案：C[解析：答案为C。
]第二部分：完形填空[说明：本部分将对2014年考研英语一真题中的完形填空部分进行分析和解答。
]题目1：完形填空一[解析：这里是对第一篇完形填空的题目进行解析。
]题目1答案：D[解析：答案为D。
]题目2：完形填空二[解析：这里是对第二篇完形填空的题目进行解析。
]题目2答案：A[解析：答案为A。
]第三部分：翻译[说明：本部分将对2014年考研英语一真题中的翻译部分进行分析和解答。
]题目1：翻译一[解析：这里是对第一道翻译题目进行解析。
]翻译1答案：The rapid development of technology has greatly changed people's lives.[解析：正确答案为：技术的迅猛发展极大地改变了人们的生活。
]题目2：翻译二[解析：这里是对第二道翻译题目进行解析。
]翻译2答案：In recent years, China's economy has achieved remarkable growth.[解析：正确答案为：近年来，中国的经济取得了显著增长。
]第四部分：写作[说明：本部分将对2014年考研英语一真题中的写作部分进行分析和解答。
]题目：写作[解析：这里是对写作题目的解析。
]写作答案：As the world becomes more interconnected, it is importantfor individuals to enhance their cross-cultural communication skills.[解析：正确答案为：随着世界变得更加互联互通，个人提升跨文化交流技巧变得越来越重要。
2014考研英语一真题试题及答案(翻译)
2014考研英语一真题试题及答案（翻译）Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. 47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. 48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring thedisorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. 50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.【句型分析】本句主句主干为it is the reason，why引导定语从句，修饰the reason。
2014考研英语一答案解析
2014考研英语一答案解析2014年考研真题及答案最新资讯发布尽在考研真题栏目及考研答案栏目，以下是小编您第一时间为您编辑整理的2014年英语考研真题及答案解析，以便大家准确估分。
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题解析Section I Use of English1、【答案】A where【解析】本句的句义是：我们突然不能回忆起刚才把钥匙放在哪里了，或者一个老熟人的姓名，或者是一个老乐队的名称。
这根据句义，这里是表示忘记了钥匙所放在的地点，where 作为宾语从句的引导词，和后面的部分一起，作为remember的宾语，因此正确答案为A。
B、when 引导表示时间的状语从句，C、that放在这里不合适，DWhy引导表示原因的状语从句。
B、C、D均不符合题意。
2、【答案】B fades【解析】本句的句义是：本句的句义是关于大脑的退化，我们婉转地把它称作“老年时分”(老年人的瞬间记忆丧失)。
从前文可以看出，文章讲的是随着年龄增长，记忆力的衰退。
由语境确定B。
fade away 是一个固定搭配，表示消失、衰弱、消退、消歇。
A. Improve 表示提高;C. recover表示恢复、D.collapse表示崩塌。
A、C、D均不符合题意。
3、【答案】B while【解析】本句的句义是：这看起来问题不大，但精神集中能力的丧失，对于我们的职业生涯，社会交往以及个人生活都能产生有害影响。
这个空在句首，需要填一个连接词，看起来问题不大和后面的内容之间存在转折关系，因此正确答案为B。
A选项unless表示让步关系;C选项Once作为连词表示条件关系，表示一……就;D选项也是条件关系。
A、C、D均不符合题意。
4、【答案】A damaging【解析】本句的句义同第3题。
通过整篇文章语境，我们可以看出注意力的丧失会对我们造成不好的影响，造成损害，因此正确答案是damaging，表示损害。
B选项limited表示有限，局限性;C选项uneven表示不均匀，奇数;D选项obscure表示晦涩的不清楚的。
2014年考研英语一真题完整版 答案解析
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 英语(一)试题 Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 . Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort. Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 . The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress andprovides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. 1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure 5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook 6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures 7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations 8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion 9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process 10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature 11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However 12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of 13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around 14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility 15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows 16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace 17.[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on 18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually 19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take 20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar 答案：1-5 ABDCA 6-10 ACBDC 11-15 DABAD 16-20 BDCCB答案解析：1. [标准答案] [A] [考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。
2014考研英语一真题及参考答案
2014考研英语一真题及参考答案来源：考研教育网2014年考研英语一真题：完形填空As many people hit middle age， they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be .We suddenly can't remember ___we put the keys just a moment ago ，or an old acquaintance's name， or the name of an old band we used to love .As the brain ___，we refer to these occurrences an “senior moments.” ___ seemingly innocent ， this loss of mental focus can potentially have a（n） ___impact on our professional， social ， and personal___.Neuroscientists ，experts who study the nervous system ，are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done .It ___out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do ，and the right mental ___can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___.Thinking is ___essentially a ___of making connections in the brain .To a certain extent ，our ability to ___in marking the connections that drive intelligence is inherited . ability to ___in making the connections are made through effort and practice ，___，because these connections are made through effort and practice ， scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___ mental effort .Now ， a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___and developed the first “ brain training program ” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental ___.The Web-based program ___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills . The program keeps ___of your progress and provides detailed feedback ___ your performance and improvement .Most importantly， it ___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___ on the strengths you are developing - much like a（n） ___ exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use .1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2. [A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obsucure5. [A]wellbeing [B]envirenment [C]relationahip [D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]cicumstances [D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar2014年考研英语一真题：翻译Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic，philosophical， sensual， or mathematical， but in any case it must， in my view，have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical；but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical： sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.（46）It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words，all we can do is articulate our reactions to it， and not grasp music itself.Beethoven's importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected，as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression， he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention.（47）By all accounts he was a freethinking person， and a courageous one，and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding， let alone the performance， of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven's music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage， for example in the use of dynamics.（48）Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics， but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.（49）Especially significant was his view of freedom， which， for him， was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual： he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven's music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him， order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence； order is a necessary development， an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony，but the second， so that suffering does not have the last word.2014年考研英语一真题：小作文Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university， suggesting how to improve students' physical condition.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. （10 points）2014年考研英语一真题：大作文2014年考研英语一答案：完型填空真题解析2014年考研英语一答案：翻译题真题解析46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words， all we can do is articulate our reactions to it and not grasp music itself.这就是为什么当我们尝试用语言来描述音乐时，我们能清楚的表达对音乐的反应，但并没有领会音乐的精髓。
2014年考研英语一真题完整版答案解析
Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember ___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” ___3___ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) ___4___ impact on our professional, social, and personal ___5___.Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It ___6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental ___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___12___ mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___13___ and developed the first “brain training program”designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental ___14___.The Web-based program ___15___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps ___16___ of your progress and provides detailed feedback ___17___ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it ___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___19___ on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) ___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1. [A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2. [A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency” George Osborne, C hancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fort nightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the j obseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people st ay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help? Really? On first h earing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, co mplete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we we re to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, control ling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your h eart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is fina ncially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraord inarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work envir onment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed y ourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency —permanent depen dency if you can get it —supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can in sure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” —invented in 1996 —is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no mandatory right to a bene fit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the clai mant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on active ly seeking a job; no entitle ment and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B]encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.[D]guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits.22. The phrase, “to sign on” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance from the government.[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel[A]uneasy[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met the ir actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where cli ents have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, temptin g ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-fir m job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tor t system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. The re is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degre e in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools auth orized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. T his leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergrad uate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non -profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas ha ve been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as a n undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those wh o can sit it earlier should be allowed todo so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structur e of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any shar e of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for changefrom within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keepi ng outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather t han serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and imp rove services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ pr ofessional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countr ies, suc h as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American stat es?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A]lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance.[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers.[D]non-professionals’ sharp criticism.29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive”partly because it[A]bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30.In this text, the author mainly discusses[A]flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[D]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the onlyone of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as[A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs’wealth.[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.[C]an example of bankers’investments.[D]a handsome reward for researchers.32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the founders of the new awards.[C]the achievement-based system.[D]peer-review-led research.33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves[A]controversies over the recipients’status.[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes.[D]the demonstration of research findings.34. According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the now awards are[A]acceptable despite the criticism.[B]harmful to the culture of research.[C]subject to undesirable changes.[D]unworthy of public attention.Text 4“The Heart of the Matter,”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and socialsciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others”to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communica te effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been re placed by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative[C] Contemptuous[D] Tolerant37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education[B] define the government’s role in education[C] keep a leading position in liberal education[D] safeguard individuals’rights to education38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are[A] supportive of free markets[B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy[D] biased against classical liberal ideas40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are r equired to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly place d Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stoneh enge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been disc overed by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a bu tterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B]In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest h uman settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornat e ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common peo ple lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (mak e test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding th e larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, ma ny researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located h undreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and b y making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and d ensity of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey method s and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as dif ferent types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fiel ds.[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years be fore he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved se als attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpre tations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Mino an palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be su ccessful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for bur ied materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried r emains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal de tectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around si tes. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41 --- A --- 42. ---F ---43---G --- 44---D --- 45---BPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chin ese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sen sual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with th e soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is pure ly and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate ou r reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.【句型分析】本句主句主干为it is the reason，why引导定语从句，修饰the reason。
2014年考研英语(1)真题解析完整版
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题精解S e c t i o n I U s e o fE n g l i s h总体分析来源:M e d i c a l D a i l y‘医学日报“2012.10.23㊂全文主要论述大脑功能的衰退可以通过大脑训练得以改善,并由此引入 网上大脑训练程序 的介绍㊂试题精解1.]那[B]当 时候[C]为什么[D]在哪[解析]上文首句指出,随着年龄的增长,人们会发现记忆力和头脑清晰度都不如从前㊂本句则对此给出例证㊂空格处填入的关系词引导宾语从句,只有[D]w h e r e在从句中代替地点状语,指 不能记得刚才把钥匙放在哪里 ,是说明记忆力减退的例证㊂2.[A]褪色,衰弱[B]进步,改进[C]倒塌,崩溃[D]恢复[解析]本句承接上文指出, 随着大脑 ,我们把这些事例称为 瞬间性老年痴呆 ;t h e s eo c c u r-r e n c e s即指代上文这些记不住东西的事例,空格处填入的词即说明上文 记忆力衰退 的情况;[A]f a d e 指 大脑功能衰退 ,符合文意㊂[C]c o l l a p s e指 完全垮掉 ,程度过重,应排除㊂3.[A]除非(表条件)[B]虽然(表让步)[C]一旦(表时间)[D]如果(表条件)[解析]空格处是省略为现在分词结构的从句,表示 (这种大脑失焦)看似无害 ,主句部分说明 可能会对我们造成有害影响 ;看似无害,却可能有坏的影响,这是让步 转折的逻辑关系,选项中只有[B]w h i l e可以表示让步,符合文意㊂4.[A]有害的[B]有限的[C]不平均的[D]不易看清的[解析]空格词修饰i m p a c t,旨在说明大脑失焦对我们会产生什么样的影响㊂下文指出专家认为我们可以做很多事(来改善这种情况);既然是要改善,那必然是有了 有害㊁不好 的影响,[A]正确㊂5.[A]关系[B]环境[C]福祉[D]展望,前景[解析]空格处填入的名词说明大脑失焦会对我们的职业㊁社会和个人 产生不良影响㊂选项中只有[C]w e l l b e i n g能被p r o f e s s i o n a l,s o c i a l,p e r s o n a l三个定语共同修饰,概括地指健康㊁幸福等 福祉 ㊂6.[A]弄明白[B]找出[C]指出[D]被证明是[解析]本句承接上句,对神经科学家㊁专家的观点进一步解释㊂本句的结构为i t形式主语+动词短语+t h a t主语从句作真正主语,能够用于这一结构的是[D]t u r no u t,i t t u r n s o u t t h a t...指 事实证明是 ,说明一种科学性的结论,符合文意㊂其他项虽然也可以引出观点,但主语应是人㊂7.[A]回应[B]联系,联想[C]运动[D]迂回,绕路[解析]上文指出 大脑和肌肉一样需要锻炼 ,空格所在的分句进一步说明 正确的大脑 能够改善认知 ㊂空格处填入的词和e x e r c i s e近义,都是说明锻炼大脑的必要性,这也符合文章的主旨㊂[C] w o r k o u t本义是 运动,锻炼 ,代入文中指 脑力锻炼 ,符合文意㊂8.[A]种类,类别[B]标准,尺度[C]环境,情况[D]功能[解析]空格词说明大脑锻炼会增进认知 ㊂根据文意,这里是讲科学家和专家认为大脑锻炼是改善我们的大脑退化的方法;因此, 认知 就是一种大脑的能力,是 认知功能 本身,[D]正确㊂9.[A]途径,线路[B]过程[C]条件,境况[D]序列,顺序[解析]本句指出 思考 这种大脑锻炼方式的本质:是一种在大脑中建立连接的 ㊂思考本身就是在大脑中建立神经连接,因此说它是这样一种 过程 ,[B]正确㊂10.[A]坚持[B]是 的主要特色[C]擅长于 [D]相信1[解析]空格处填入的动词和介词i n搭配,说明人类有 制造推动智力的连接的能力(即,思考的能力);而思考能力是人类本身 擅长 的一种能力,[C]正确㊂11.[A]然而[B]此外,而且[C]否则[D]因此[解析]上文指出人们的大脑中推动智力㊁建立连接的思考能力是经遗传而得的,即,是生来即有的;本句指出,这些连接要通过努力和练习来建立,因此科学家认为智力是可以拓展的,即,可以通过后天的努力来改变智力;上下文间是让步 转折的逻辑关系,[A]正确㊂12.[A]按照[B]不管[C]除了 以外[D]而不是[解析]根据上文,大脑连接是推动智力的,而本句中又说明大脑连接要通过努力和锻炼得以建立,因此 锻炼大脑 就成为推动智力的根本要素,即,智力随大脑的锻炼程度而拓展和波动,[A]正确㊂13.[A]往回,向后[B]更进一步[C]在一边[D]在周围[解析]上文指出脑神经专家认为大脑锻炼可以促进智力;本句指出,一家网络公司开发了一项 大脑训练程序 ;这是从理论到实践的推进,是将科学家的研究成果进一步转化为具体行动的过程㊂[B]f u r t h e r符合文意,t a k e...a s t e p f u r t h e r是常用搭配,指 采取了更进一步的行动 ㊂14.[A]框架,构架[B]稳定性[C]灵活性[D]敏锐度[解析]本句说明 大脑训练程序 的设计意图:帮助人们改善和重新得到他们的头脑 ㊂文章是在讲通过大脑锻炼来推动智力㊁预防大脑老化,即,大脑锻炼是推动智力㊁恢复大脑灵敏度的方法,[D]符合文意,m e n t a l s h a r p n e s s呼应首段中m e n t a l c l a r i t y㊂15.[A]催促[B]提醒,使想起[C]允许[D]强迫,迫使[解析]空格部分为~s b t o d o s t h的结构,说明上文提到的 大脑训练程序 你系统地改进记忆力和注意力㊂这是在说 大脑训练程序 的功用,是能够使人改进记忆力和注意力,[C]正确㊂16.[A]保持秩序[B]保持知晓 的信息[C]并驾齐驱[D]保持对 的控制[解析]空格处填入的名词构成k e e p...o f短语,说明 网上大脑训练程序 的作用: 你的进展并提出详尽的反馈意见㊂程序不会 控制住 人的进展情况,只能是 跟踪 进度,因此[B]正确,排除[D]㊂17.[A]关于 [B]对于 [C]为了 [D]和[解析]空格处填入的介词与f e e d b a c k搭配,说明 网上大脑训练程序 会提供 你的表现和进步的详尽反馈㊂f e e d b a c k与[A]o n搭配,表示 关于 的反馈 ,为正确选项㊂18.[A]成习惯地[B]持续地[C]无规律地[D]异常地[解析]根据语境, 大脑训练程序 是系统地㊁循序渐进地改善人的脑功能,因此,其所设计的训练项目(游戏)必然也是持续地㊁稳定地进行调整,[B]正确㊂而[A]h a b i t u a l l y是指人或人的行为 成习惯地 ㊂19.[A]继续[B]穿上;假装[C]将 继续推进[D]呈现[解析]由文意可知, 大脑训练程序 是用来改善大脑功能的,即改善记忆力和注意力技能㊂本句中 你正在发展的能力 即指这两个技能,而对这两个技能自然是要进一步推进和提高,[C]b u i l d正确㊂20.[A]闲散的;无效的[B]危险的,有风险的[C]熟悉的[D]有效果的[解析]空格所在的部分是以 日常锻炼 的功效:提高耐力并改变对肌肉的使用,来类比大脑训练程序的功效:改善记忆力和注意力㊂根据文意, 大脑训练程序 是有效果的;同样地, 日常锻炼 能提高耐力并改善肌肉的使用状况,也应该是 有效果 的,[D]e f f e c t i v e正确㊂全文翻译很多人到了中年,往往开始发觉记忆力减退了,头脑也不如从前那样清晰了㊂我们突然不记得刚才把钥匙放哪了,或是忘了一个老熟人或我们曾经喜爱的老乐队的名字㊂随着大脑的退化,我们将这些事宜称作 瞬间性老年痴呆 ㊂尽管貌似无害,这种大脑失焦有可能对我们的职业㊁社会以及个人幸福造成破坏性的影响㊂研究神经系统的神经科学家们越来越多地表示,其实有很多方式可以应对这一现象㊂事实证明,就2像肌肉需要锻炼一样,我们的大脑也需要锻炼,并且适当的脑力训练可以显著提高我们的基本认知功能㊂思考本质上是在大脑中建立连接的过程㊂在一定程度上,我们擅于建立连接㊁促进智力的这种能力是经遗传而得的㊂然而,由于这些连接要通过努力和练习而形成,科学家们相信,智力可以根据智力训练而拓展或波动㊂如今,一家新型网络公司已更进一步,研发了首个 大脑训练程序 ,旨在真正帮助人们改善并恢复大脑灵敏度㊂此项基于网络的程序能使人们系统地提高记忆力和注意力技能㊂该程序跟踪记录你的进步,并会对你的表现和改进提供详细反馈㊂最重要的是,它能不断地修改并加强你所玩的游戏,增进你正在训练的能力 就像一项有效的日常锻炼,需要你不断提高耐力并改变对肌肉的使用㊂S e c t i o n I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o nP a r tAT e x t1总体分析来源:T h e G u a r d i a n‘卫报“2013.06.23㊂这是一篇 时事评论 ,作者对英国财相奥斯本旨在严格限制失业救济金领取的 先期工作搜索 方案进行了强烈批驳,指出这是对失业者经济困境及不安心理的无视,是对英国福利制度20年日益严格的改革历史的忽视,是对福利制度原则的背离㊂行文脉络:介绍新政(第一㊁二段) 展开批驳(第三㊁四段)㊂试题精解21.乔治㊃奥斯本方案旨在㊂[A]鼓励求职者积极寻找工作[B]给失业者提供更易获得的救济[C]保证求职者领取救济金的合法权益[D]激励失业者主动报告[锁定答案]第一段①句指出奥斯本方案目的:改善民生,降低依赖,第二句说明具体要求:失业者若要获得领取失业救济金的资格,必须预先带着简历到求职中心㊁注册网上求职㊁并开始寻找工作;且之后需每周到求职中心报到一次㊂结合两句可知,方案旨在鼓励失业者积极寻找工作,[A]正确㊂[排除干扰][B]与第一段所述情形相反:奥斯本方案是使失业者 更难 ㊁而不是 更易 获得救济㊂[C]曲解第一段②句O n l y i f...w i l l t h e y b ee l i g i b l e f o rb e n e f i t含义:该内容暗示奥斯本方案是在 限制 ㊁而不是 保障 失业者申请救济金的权利㊂[D]源自第一段②句t h e y s h o u l dr e p o r tw e e k l y r a t h e r t h a n f o r t n i g h t l y,但这属于方案的细节要求,不能全面体现其目的㊂[提炼思路]本题虽由w a s i n t e n d e d t o和i no r d e r t o的对应关系直接定位到第一段①句,但由于该句高度抽象概括㊁难以确定具体含义,所以需借助②句阐释加以理解㊁确定其所指㊂[A]是基于②句O n-l y i f t h e j o b l e s s...w i l l t h e y b e e l i g i b l e f o r...a n d t h e n t h e y s h o u l d...,对①句进行的合理解读㊂22.短语 t o s i g no n (第二段第三行)最可能意为㊂[A]在就业中心查看是否有工作机会[B]接受政府对津贴的限制[C]登记领取政府津贴[D]参加政府的工作培训项目[锁定答案]所考词出现于第二段③句奥斯本话语 失业最初几天本应用于找工作,而不是指望s i g n o n ,可见s i g no n是 找工作 的反面㊂再看上下文,上文(②句)指出奥斯本计划规定 求职者需要经过一个七天的等待期才能拿到津贴 ,下文(④句)继续引用奥斯本话语 之所以这样做,是要帮助人们远离救济 ,可确定s i g no n指 依靠救济/登记领取政府津贴 ,[C]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]㊁[B]分别利用第一段明示内容 奥斯本方案规定求职者每周需到求职中心报到一次 及暗示信息 方案限制了失业金的领取 形成干扰,但二者均无法和 找工作 形成相反关系,且无法3体现方案目的所在㊂[D]无中生有,上下文中并未提到某项 政府就业培训项目 ㊂[提炼思路]所考词出现于第二段③句取舍句式:s h o u l d...,n o t...㊂解题关键是理解l o o k i n g f o r w o r k(寻找工作)和l o o k i n g t o s i g n o n(指望s i g n o n)的相反关系,并从上下文中分别找到二者对应所指㊂[C]是根据上下文对s i g no n含义的正确推导,符合二者的对立相反关系,且体现奥斯本目的 促使失业者寻找工作㊁远离救济 ㊂23.促使财相生成其方案的动因是什么?[A]为所有人创造更好生活的愿望㊂[B]为失业者提供保护的渴望㊂[C]对申请人表示慷慨的冲动㊂[D]确保对纳税人公平的热情㊂[锁定答案]根据题干设问直接定位至第二段末句(W h a tm o t i v a t e dh i m...)㊂该句指出,奥斯本计划动机出自对 基本公平 的热情,即:保护纳税者,控制开支并确保只有那些最应资助的申请者才能领到补贴㊂可见[D]符合文意㊂[排除干扰][A]㊁[B]选项均源自奥斯本自己的说辞c h a n g e l i v e s f o r t h eb e t t e r及h e l pp e o p l e s t a y o f f b e n e f i t s a n d h e l p t h o s e o n b e n e f i t s g e t i n t ow o r k f a s t e r,并未体现作者所揭示的奥斯本真正动机㊂[C]选项与文意相反,奥斯本新政明显是对失业者 更小气 ,而不是 更大方 ㊂[提炼思路]本题就奥斯本新政的真正动因设题,解题的难点在于:前两段既有 奥斯本宣称的目的 又有 作者所揭示的其真正动因 ,解题时需明辨二者㊂正确项是对揭示其真正目的的第二段末句的概括:W h a t p r o m o t e d t h e c h a n c e l l o r同义替换W h a tm o t i v a t e dh i m;p a s s i o n替换z e a l;e n s u r e f a i r n e s s f o r t a x p a y e r s概括 f u n d a m e n t a l f a i r n e s s p r o t e c t i n g...a n d e n s u r i n g t h a t...㊂24.根据第三段可知,失业会使人们感到㊂[A]不安[B]受辱[C]愤怒[D]内疚[锁定答案]第三段集中论述了失业者所面对的情况:失业是痛苦的,在经济上是可怕的,在心理上是尴尬的;失业者无比渴望早日再就业以养活自己和家人㊂可见,失业者心中充满惶恐和不安,[A]正确㊂[排除干扰][B]㊁[C]㊁[D]虽然都抓住了 失业是一件痛苦的事情 这一大方向,但推导程度太过:从文中无法看出失业者的 受辱 ㊁ 愤怒 或 内疚 ㊂[提炼思路]本题考查失业者的心理,要求考生对第三段内容进行高度的概括和推理㊂[A]u n e a s y 一词体现了段中h u r t i n g...f i n a n c i a l l y t e r r i f y i n g...p s y c h o l o g i c a l l y e m b a r r a s s i n g...(f e e l i n g)y o u a r e n o t w a n t e d...t h e c r u c i a l i n c o m e...h a s d i s a p p e a r e d等所揭示的失业者 惶恐㊁不安 心理㊂25.作者最有可能同意下列哪项说法?[A]失业救济金的发放不应该设定为有条件的㊂[B]英国福利制度会纵容求职者的懒惰㊂[C]求职者津贴满足了他们的实际需求㊂[D]奥斯本的改革将降低失业风险㊂[锁定答案]第四段指出,奥斯本方案使福利政策完全偏离了 无条件帮助人们渡过危机 的原则;取而代之的是,失业者能得到的只是一种有时限㊁带条件(必须积极寻找工作)的 津贴 ,且数目甚微㊂据此知,作者认为失业救济金应该是 无条件帮助人们渡过危机,[A]正确㊂[排除干扰][B]为第四段①②句所暗示的奥斯本观点,也是作者强烈批驳的对象,故排除㊂[C]和第四段末句 求职者津贴数目甚微㊁欧盟最低(无法满足失业者需求) 完全相悖㊂[D]偷换文意,文中关注点是帮助人们 应对失业风险 的救济金制度,并未提到如何 规避失业风险 ㊂[提炼思路]本题要求考生结合全文深度理解第四段作者的集中评判,全面推断作者对 失业金制度 以及 奥斯本新方案 的看法㊂解题关键是借助I nO s b o r n e l a n d的观点界定㊁I t i s a s t h o u g h的虚拟情形㊁i s n o l o n g e r的强烈否定㊁E v e n...的语气递进㊁以及I n s t e a d的情形转折,意识到末段作者对奥斯本改革的强烈批判㊂[A]正确反映了文中所蕴含的对 奥斯本严格设置救济金领取条件 的谴责以及对 福利制度曾经无条件救济失业者 的缅怀㊂4全文翻译为了 使生活更美好 及降低 依赖 ,财政大臣乔治㊃奥斯本引进了 先期工作搜索 计划㊂失业者只有带着简历到求职中心㊁注册网上求职㊁并开始寻找工作,才有资格领取救济金;此后,他们应每周而不是每两周报到一次㊂还有什么能比这更合理呢?接下来还有更多貌似合理之处㊂现在,求职者将要经过一个七天的等待期才能拿到津贴㊂ 最初那几天本应用于找工作,而不是指望登记(领取救济金), 他声称㊂ 我们之所以这样做是因为知道这能帮助人们远离救济,且能帮助那些依靠救济的人更快找到工作㊂帮助?真的吗?乍一听来,这是这位心系社会的财相在通过 改革 一个明显具有纵容性的体系来努力使人们生活更好,现有体系对新失业者找工作的努力程度要求太低㊁从而助长懒惰㊂不过我们要明白,他的动机是出自对 基本公平 的热情 保护纳税者,控制开支并确保只有那些最应资助的申请者才能领到补贴㊂失去工作令人十分痛苦:你不可能是心哼小曲㊁蹦蹦跳跳地走向求职中心,途中你也不会因畅想慷慨的政府会使你的收入翻番而感到兴奋㊂失业在经济上是可怕的,在心理上是尴尬的,而且你知道救济极少且极难获得㊂你现在不被需要,被排除在为人们提供目标和结构的工作环境之外㊂更糟的是,养活你自己及家庭并用来支付账单的重要收入来源不复存在了㊂问问任何一个刚失业的人他想要什么,回答永远是:一份工作㊂但是在奥斯本的世界,你的第一本能是陷入依赖 若能得到,你希望能永远依赖 这被一个过于愿意纵容你虚伪的政府所支持㊂这好像二十年来日益严厉的求职和救济管理体系改革从未发生过㊂英国福利制度的原则不再是保障你抵抗失业风险㊁在灾难发生时无条件获得救济㊂甚至 求职者津贴 这一术语就是意在将失业者定义为不具有领取救济金这一基本权利的 求职者 ,而这一权利是他或她通过缴纳国民保险所赢得的㊂取而代之的是,申请人获得一种具有时限㊁附带积极寻找工作的条件的 津贴 ;没有权利,没有保障,有的只是一周71.7镑,欧盟最低的补贴之一㊂T e x t2总体分析来源:T h e E c o n o m i s t‘经济学人“2013.02.02㊂脉络:提出问题(首两段采取 指出现状 分析现状原因 方式,由美国人对律师抱怨重重引出法律服务费用高昂的问题)ң分析并解决问题(第三四段分析原因之一 法律成本过高 及其解决办法 进行法律体制改革 ;第五六段分析原因之二 行业内实行类似行会性质的所有权结构 及其解决办法 进行所有权结构改革 )㊂试题精解26.许多学生从事法律行业是因为㊂[A]客户日益增长的需求[B]不断增加的通货膨胀压力[C]进入大律师事务所工作的前景[D]经济回报的吸引力[锁定答案]根据第二段②句 最优秀的律师可以挣得摩天大楼般高的钱,吸引众多学生涌入法学院 可知 许多学生从事法律行业是受到高收入的诱惑 ㊂故[D]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]将首段②句 客户对律师行业的抱怨重重 篡改为 客户的需求日益增长 ㊂[B]将第二段①句 美国人法律服务费用增长速度是通货膨胀的两倍 旨在说明的 法律服务费用增长速度快 篡改为 通货膨胀压力不断增加 ㊂[C]与第二段③句 大多数学生根本没机会进入大律所 相悖㊂[提炼思路]因果细节题的解答关键:在文中找寻因果关联词,然后将其上下文与选项匹配㊂第二段②句中t e m p t i n g实质隐藏因果关联,其前文s k y s c r a p e r s-f u l l o fm o n e y匹配[D]中f i n a n c i a l r e w a r d s㊂27.下面哪项增加了美国大多数州的法律教育费用?[A]更为昂贵的本科学费㊂[B]接受专业协会的培训㊂[C]律师协会的准入许可㊂[D]攻读其他专业学士学位㊂5[锁定答案]第三段③句介绍当前法律教育体制:先要攻读四年非法律专业学士学位,后才可进入法学院攻读法律,最后还得花重金通过律师资格考试;④句指出这种教育体制给法学院学生带来债务危机:除背负高达10万美元的法律学习费用外,还欠下本科债务㊂可见,[D]正确㊂附:第四段③句 本科开始攻读法律(这样可以减少学费) 可进一步证实[D]的正确性㊂[排除干扰][A]由③④句 本科攻读一个不相关专业致使法律教育费用增加 捏造出 本科学费更高 ,而文中并未对比本科学费的高低,且美国的本科并不设置法律专业;[B]㊁[C]将③句 学生必须在美国律师协会许可的法学院学习 分别篡改为 接受专业协会的培训 ㊁ 经得律师协会的准入许可 ㊂[提炼思路]W h i c h型题目的典型解答思路是:将选项一一回文对应㊂需特别提醒的是,题干中a d d t o意表此题考查 增加的法律教育费用 ,因此可先剔除与正常法律教育费用挂钩的选项,[D]中a n o t h e r m a j o r展示了这一深层含义,并对应③句中u n r e l a t e d s u b j e c t㊂28.法律体制改革的阻碍来源于㊂[A]僵化的行业管理机构[B]律师和客户的强烈反对[C]准律师进行的严格考试[D]非专业人士的尖锐批评[锁定答案]第四段②句指出:人们早就提出了一些关乎法律教育体制改革的建议,但是管理该行业的州级机构却过于保守,并不愿意实施㊂可见,阻碍法律(教育)制度改革的是保守的州级管理部门㊂[A]正确㊂[排除干扰][B]与①句 改革法律教育体制对律师和客户均有益 所暗传的 律师和客户都可能支持改革 相悖;[C]误将改革措施等同于改革障碍;[D]将第五段②句 非律师身份人士对律师行业行会式限制性所有权机构可能存在的批评 偷换成 非专业人士对法律体制改革的尖锐批评 ㊂[提炼思路]本题同26题,亦为因果细节题(o r i g i n a t e s f r o m为隐性因果表达),但其解答关键不在 于文中找寻因果关联词 ,而在 于文中找到与题干H i n d r a n c e的近义表达(t o oc o n s e r v a t i v e t o i m p l e-m e n t t h e m,其中t h e m指代s e n s i b l e i d e a s a b o u t/o f r e f o r m i n g t h e s y s t e m) ,然后再找其施动者(t h e s t a t e-l e v e l b o d i e s t h a t g o v e r n t h e p r o f e s s i o n)即可㊂29.行会般的所有权结构被认为是 限制性的 ,部分原因在于它㊂[A]阻止律师获得应有的收益[B]禁止非律师人员涉足该行业[C]恶化律师行业的道德环境[D]阻止律师持有律师事务所的股份[锁定答案]第五段②句解释①句所述概念 限制性所有权结构 :除了哥伦比亚特区,非律师身份的人不允许拥有律师事务所的股份;④句也提到 将非律师身份者排除在律师事务所之外 ㊂故[B]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]反向曲解④句 这一限制性所有权结构让律师没有赚钱的压力 ,且和题干不构成因果关联;[C]将④句 让律师很好地为客户服务 曲解为 使得该行业道德恶化 ,且和题干不构成因果关联;[D]将 非律师身份者(n o n-l a w y e r s) 偷换为 律师(l a w y e r s) ㊂[提炼思路]本题形似考查因果细节,实质考查抽象概念,解答关键在借助句群关联把握抽象概念意义㊂第五段实为 总(①句) 分(②③④句) 结构,其中①句作者使用评注词r e s t r i c t i v e,②④句n o n-l a w y e r sm a y n o t o w n a n y s h a r e o f a l a wf i r m㊁k e e p i n g o u t s i d e r s o u t o f a l a wf i r m在一定程度上是对评注词r e s t r i c t i v e的注解㊂30.在本文中,作者主要探讨了㊂[A]在美国成为成功律师的因素[B]美国律师行业的问题与对策[C]本科教育在美国法律教育中的作用[D]有缺陷的美国律师事务所所有权制度及其成因[锁定答案]首两段提出话题 美国法律服务费用高昂 ;末四段借助两个回合的 分析问题 给出解决办法 将 为什么美国法律服务费用高昂 以及 如何解决这一问题 做了详尽阐述㊂据此可知,文章的论述中心应该是 美国律师行业的问题与对策 ,[B]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]㊁[C]由第三段③句 成为一名律师所必须要接受的教育过程 捏造出 在美国成为成功律师的影响因素 及 四年本科教育在美国法律教育中的作用 两个文中不存在信息;[D]将第五六段 美国律师事务所所有权制度有一定缺陷 这一局部内容夸大为文章核心内容㊂6[提炼思路]文章主旨题的解答关键在从文章主旨句(往往出现于首尾段,与开篇方式紧密相关)入手,抓住文章脉络展开解答㊂全文翻译在这个世界上,律师要比任何其他职业的从业人员更能招惹敌意 新闻业可能除外㊂但是,很少有地方的客户能比美国的客户更有理由抱怨㊂在经济危机爆发前的十年里,美国人的法律服务花费增长速度是通货膨胀速度的两倍㊂最杰出的律师赚到摩天大楼般高的钱,诱使越来越多的学生涌向法学院㊂然而,大多数法学院毕业生从未进入大律师事务所工作㊂相反,他们中许多人成为那种妨害案件的诉讼律师,致使民事侵权法律系统变成了价格高昂的噩梦㊂有多种原因造成这种情况㊂其一是法律教育费用过于昂贵㊂在美国的大多数州,要成为律师只有一条路可走:先在某不相关的专业读四年本科,然后在经过美国律师协会认证的200所法学院中选择一所修读三年的法学学位,再花费一笔巨资准备律师资格考试㊂这使得今天一般的法学院毕业生除了本科欠下的债款外,还要背负10万美元巨债㊂读法学院所背负的债务意味着他们必须拼命地努力工作㊂制度改革将使律师和其客户均受益㊂合理的建议存在很长一段时间了,但是,管辖律师行业的州级机构太过保守,不愿实施㊂其中一个建议是,允许学生在本科阶段就修读法律㊂另外一个建议是,让学生在法学院学习两年后就参加律师资格考试㊂如果律师资格考试真的足够严格,能够检测想要成为律师的人的话,那么那些有能力提前参加考试的人就应该被允许提前参加考试㊂无需额外培训的学生便能将自己的巨债之山削减三分之一㊂法律服务花费如此之高的另一个原因是该行业类似于行会性质的限制性所有权结构㊂除了在哥伦比亚特区,非律师身份的人不能拥有律师事务所的任何股份㊂这使得律师费居高不下,创新机制发展缓慢㊂在律师行业内部也有改革的压力,但管理层中反对改革的人坚持认为,禁止外来者涉足法律事务所将使得律师远离挣钱的压力,从而按照职业道德为客户服务㊂事实上,通过鼓励律师事务所使用科技㊁聘请专业经理人着力提高律所效率,允许非律师持有律师事务所股份能降低成本,为客户提供更好的服务㊂毕竟,澳大利亚和英国等其他一些国家已经开始放宽对其法律行业的限制㊂美国应该效仿㊂T e x t3总体分析来源:N a t u r e‘自然“2013.06.12㊂作者围绕科学界 近年来涌现许多新奖项 这一情况,介绍了新奖项存在的问题㊁其设立背景以及新旧奖项共有的问题,最后表明对新奖项的肯定态度㊂脉络:提出现象( 阐释现象(第二至四段) 表明对现象的态度(第五段)㊂试题精解31.基础物理学奖被视作㊂[A]企业家财富的一种象征[B]对研究人员的丰厚奖赏[C]诺贝尔奖可能的替代者[D]银行家投资的一个实例[锁定答案]首段首句指出300万美元的基础物理学奖(F P P)是个有趣尝试㊂②③句说明一系列类似的丰厚奖项已加入诺贝尔奖队列当中㊂④句进一步说明F P P资金来源:拥有巨额资产的互联网大鳄㊂综上可知F P P是对获得成就的研究者的一笔丰厚奖赏,[B]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]利用④⑤句新奖的资金来源 富有的企业家 及其初衷 利用自身财富去吸引人们关注科学界成功者 干扰,但无法从该内容反向推出 F P P象征着企业财富 ㊂[C]从③句 许多丰厚奖项加入诺贝尔奖行列 过度推出 F P P是诺贝尔奖可能的替代者 ㊂[D]从④⑤句 奖项经费来自互联网企业家的巨额银行存款㊁他们已经在领域里有所成就 等信息编造出 F P P本质是银行家的一种投资 ㊂7。
2014考研英语真题解析：翻译
2014考研英语真题解析：翻译出国网考研英语真题频道为大家提供2014考研英语真题解析：翻译，欢迎大家参考借鉴!2014考研英语真题解析：翻译(49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.这句话的主语位置并没有如正常的主语是名词，出现在was前的是一个Especially significant，这是不能做主语的，故我们想到有特殊结构在这句话中的存在。
这个一个比较典型的表语前置的倒装，还原后语序应为his view of freedom was especially significant，这样看的话主干部分就很好理解。
这种倒装结构也是我们近年的真题的考察重点之一，比如在我们2012年英语一真题的Text 1中的最后一段，就出现了这样的结构：Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. 而这句话也恰恰是这篇文章最后一道题的解题关键，这句话的准确理解决定了这道题的得分与否。
这类倒装结构的突破口在于：识别出be动词之前的内容是名词性的还是形容词性的，然后找到句子主干，判断出句子的正常语序，理清句中各部分的关系。
翻译时既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译，也可以按照英语表达顺序翻译。
表语前置的倒装是广大考生觉得比较难分辨的语法点，希望大家注意。
2014考研英语一真题试题及答案(翻译)
2014考研英语一真题试题及答案（翻译）Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. 47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. 48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring thedisorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. 50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.【句型分析】本句主句主干为it is the reason，why引导定语从句，修饰the reason。
考研网：2014年考研英语（一）真题解析
考研网：2014年考研英语（一）真题解析2014年考研时间为1月4日至6日，考生们出了考场最关心的莫过于2014年考研英语真题及答案了，这不仅对于2014年考研在线估分和评测有所帮助，更是对于2015年考研复习有所帮助。
考研频道第一时间为您提供了2014年考研英语真题及答案，希望对您有所帮助!2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题解析Section I Use of English1、【答案】A where【解析】本句的句义是：我们突然不能回忆起刚才把钥匙放在哪里了，或者一个老熟人的姓名，或者是一个老乐队的名称。
这根据句义，这里是表示忘记了钥匙所放在的地点，where 作为宾语从句的引导词，和后面的部分一起，作为remember的宾语，因此正确答案为A。
B、when 引导表示时间的状语从句，C、that放在这里不合适，DWhy引导表示原因的状语从句。
B、C、D均不符合题意。
2、【答案】B fades【解析】本句的句义是：本句的句义是关于大脑的退化，我们婉转地把它称作“老年时分”(老年人的瞬间记忆丧失)。
从前文可以看出，文章讲的是随着年龄增长，记忆力的衰退。
由语境确定B。
fade away 是一个固定搭配，表示消失、衰弱、消退、消歇。
A. Improve 表示提高;C. recover表示恢复、D.collapse表示崩塌。
A、C、D均不符合题意。
3、【答案】B while【解析】本句的句义是：这看起来问题不大，但精神集中能力的丧失，对于我们的职业生涯，社会交往以及个人生活都能产生有害影响。
这个空在句首，需要填一个连接词，看起来问题不大和后面的内容之间存在转折关系，因此正确答案为B。
A选项unless表示让步关系;C选项Once作为连词表示条件关系，表示一……就;D选项也是条件关系。
A、C、D均不符合题意。
4、【答案】A damaging【解析】本句的句义同第3题。
通过整篇文章语境，我们可以看出注意力的丧失会对我们造成不好的影响，造成损害，因此正确答案是damaging，表示损害。
考研英语一真题试题及答案(翻译)
2014考研英语一真题试题及答案（翻译）Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. 47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. 48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring thedisorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. 50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.【句型分析】本句主句主干为it is the reason，why引导定语从句，修饰the reason。
2014年考研英语一真题答案解析（完整版）
2014年考研英语一真题答案解析（完整版）2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题解析Section I Use of English1、【答案】A where【解析】本句的句义是：我们突然不能回忆起刚才把钥匙放在哪里了，或者一个老熟人的姓名，或者是一个老乐队的名称。
这根据句义，这里是表示忘记了钥匙所放在的地点，where 作为宾语从句的引导词，和后面的部分一起，作为remember的宾语，因此正确答案为A。
B、when 引导表示时间的状语从句，C、that放在这里不合适，DWhy引导表示原因的状语从句。
B、C、D均不符合题意。
2、【答案】B fades【解析】本句的句义是：本句的句义是关于大脑的退化，我们婉转地把它称作“老年时分”(老年人的瞬间记忆丧失)。
从前文可以看出，文章讲的是随着年龄增长，记忆力的衰退。
由语境确定B。
fade away 是一个固定搭配，表示消失、衰弱、消退、消歇。
A. Improve 表示提高;C. recover表示恢复、D.collapse表示崩塌。
A、C、D均不符合题意。
3、【答案】B while【解析】本句的句义是：这看起来问题不大，但精神集中能力的丧失，对于我们的职业生涯，社会交往以及个人生活都能产生有害影响。
这个空在句首，需要填一个连接词，看起来问题不大和后面的内容之间存在转折关系，因此正确答案为B。
A选项unless表示让步关系;C选项Once作为连词表示条件关系，表示一……就;D选项也是条件关系。
A、C、D均不符合题意。
4、【答案】A damaging【解析】本句的句义同第3题。
通过整篇文章语境，我们可以看出注意力的丧失会对我们造成不好的影响，造成损害，因此正确答案是damaging，表示损害。
B选项limited表示有限，局限性;C选项uneven表示不均匀，奇数;D选项obscure表示晦涩的不清楚的。
B、C、D均不符合题意。
5、【答案】C well-being【解析】本句的句义同第3题。
2014年考研英语一真题-高清版含答案
2014年考研英语一真题-高清版含答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)As many people hit middle age,they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be.We suddenly can’t remember 1we put the keys just a moment ago,or an old acquaintance’s name,or the name of an old band we used to love.As the brain2,we refer to these occurrences as“senior moments.”3seemingly innocent,this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n)4impact on our professional,social,and personal5.Neuroscientists,experts who study the nervous system,are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done.It6out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do,and the right mental 7can significantly improve our basic cognitive8.Thinking is essentially a9of making connections in the brain.To a certain extent,our ability to10in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11,because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate12mental effort.Now,a new Web-based company has taken it a step13and developed the first“brain training program”designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental14.The Web-based program15you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills.The program keeps16of your progress and provides detailed feedback17your performance and improvement.Most importantly,it18modifies and enhances the games you play to19on the strengths you are developing–much like a(n)20exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]that[B]when[C]why[D]where2.[A]fades[B]improves[C]collapses[D]recovers3.[A]Unless[B]While[C]Once[D]If4.[A]damaging[B]limited[C]uneven[D]obscure5.[A]relationship[B]environment[C]wellbeing[D]outlook6.[A]figures[B]finds[C]points[D]turns7.[A]responses[B]associations[C]workouts[D]roundabouts8.[A]genre[B]criterion[C]circumstances[D]functions9.[A]channel[B]process[C]condition[D]sequence10.[A]persist[B]feature[C]excel[D]believe11.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]Therefore12.[A]according to[B]regardless of[C]apart from[D]instead of13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around14.[A]framework[B]stability[C]flexibility[D]sharpness15.[A]hurries[B]reminds[C]allows[D]forces16.[A]order[B]track[C]pace[D]hold17.[A]on[B]to[C]for[D]with18.[A]habitually[B]constantly[C]irregularly[D]unusually19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take20.[A]idle[B]risky[C]familiar[D]effectiveSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1In order to“change lives for the better”and reduce“dependency”,George Osborne,Chancellor of the Exchequer,introduced the“upfront work search”scheme.Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV,register for online job search,and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit–and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly.What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed.There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance.“Those first few days should be spent looking for work,not looking to sign on,”he claimed.“We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.”Help?Really?On first hearing,this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better,complete with“reforms”to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work,and subsidises laziness.What motivated him,we were to understand,was his zeal for“fundamental fairness”–protecting the taxpayer,controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting:you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart,delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.It is financially terrifying,psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get.You are now not wanted;you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life.Worse,the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared.Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always:a job.But in Osborneland,your first instinct is to fall into dependency–permanent dependency if you can get it–supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood.It is as though20years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened.The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens.Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance”is about redefining the unemployed as a“jobseeker”who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions.Instead,the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,”conditional on actively seeking a job;no entitlement and no insurance,at£71.70a week,one of the least generous in the EU.21.George Osborne’s scheme was intended to[A]encourage jobseekers’active engagement in job seeking.[B]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[C]guarantee jobseekers’legitimate right to benefits.[D]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.22.The phrase“to sign on”(Line3,Para.2)most probably means[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance from the government.[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.23.What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph3,being unemployed makes one feel[A]uneasy.[B]insulted.[C]enraged.[D]guilty.25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.[B]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’laziness.[C]The jobseekers’allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.Text2All around the world,lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession–with the possible exception of journalism.But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis,spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this.One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject,then a three-year law degree at one of200law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with$100,000of debt on top of undergraduate w-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.Sensible ideas have been around for a long time,but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree.Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer,those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.Except in the District of Columbia,non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm.This keeps fees high and innovation slow.There is pressure for change from within the profession,but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers,by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’efficiency. After all,other countries,such as Australia and Britain,have started liberalizing their legal professions.America should follow.26.A lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most Americanstates?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Receiving training by professional associations.[C]Admissions approval from the bar association.[D]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A]the rigid bodies governing the profession.[B]lawyers’and clients’strong resistance.[C]the stern exam for would-be lawyers.[D]non-professionals’sharp criticism.29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered“restrictive”partly because it[A]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.[B]bans outsiders’involvement in the profession.[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.30.In this text,the author mainly discusses[A]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[B]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[C]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.[D]flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.Text3The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment,as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March.And it is far from the only one of its type.As a News Feature article in Nature discusses,a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.Many,like the Fundamental Physics Prize,are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields,they say,and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like?Quite a lot,according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature.You cannot buy class,as the old saying goes,and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels.The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them,say scientists.They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research.They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research.They do not fund peer-reviewed research.They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want to shock,others to draw people into science,or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before,there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes–both new and old–are distributed.The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences,launched this year,takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize,each of whom must still be living,has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research–as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.The Nobels were,of course,themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.Time, rather than intention,has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards,two things seem clear.First,most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one.Second,it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere.It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism –that is the culture of research,after all–but it is the prize-givers’money to do with as they please.It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31.The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as[A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs’wealth.[B]a handsome reward for researchers.[C]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.[D]an example of bankers’investments.32.The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the achievement-based system.[C]the founders of the new awards.[D]peer-review-led research.33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves[A]legitimate concerns over the new prizes.[B]controversies over the recipients’status.[C]the joint effort of modern researchers.[D]the demonstration of research findings.34.According to Paragraph4,which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]History has never cast doubt on them.[B]Their endurance has done justice to them.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.35.The author believes that the new awards are[A]unworthy of public attention.[B]subject to undesirable changes.[C]harmful to the culture of research.[D]acceptable despite the criticism.Text4“The Heart of the Matter,”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences(AAAS),deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.Regrettably,however,the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In2010,leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by“federal,state and local governments,universities,foundations,educators,individual benefactors and others”to“maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”In response,the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences.Among the commission’s51members are top-tier-university presidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy,filmmaking,music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable.Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry,the report supports full literacy;stresses the study of history and government,particularly American history and American government;and encourages the use of new digital technologies.To encourage innovation and competition,the report calls for increased investment in research,the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the21st century,increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages,international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately,despite21/2years in the making,“The Heart of the Matter”never gets to the heart of the matter:the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.The commission ignores that for several decades America’s colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly,the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing“progressive,”or left-liberal propaganda.Today,professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas–such as free markets and self-reliance–as falling outside the boundaries of routine,and sometimes legitimate,intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education.Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36.According to Paragraph1,what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A]Critical.[B]Appreciative.[C]Contemptuous.[D]Tolerant.37.Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to[A]define the government’s role in education.[B]safeguard individuals’rights to education.[C]retain people’s interest in liberal education.[D]keep a leading position in liberal education.38.According to Paragraph3,the report suggests[A]an exclusive study of American history.[B]a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects.[C]the application of emerging technologies.[D]funding for the study of foreign languages.39.The author implies in Paragraph5that professors are[A]supportive of free markets.[B]conservative about public policy.[C]biased against classical liberal ideas.[D]cautious about intellectual investigation.40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Ways to Grasp“The Heart of the Matter”[B]Illiberal Education and“The Heart of the Matter”[C]The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D]Progressive Policy vs.Liberal EducationPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For Questions41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) [A]Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable–for example,the Parthenon in Athens,Greece;the pyramids of Giza in Egypt;and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England.But these sites are exceptions to the norm.Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching,while many others have been discovered by accident.Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania,was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in1911.Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the1970s.[B]In another case,American archaeologists RenéMillion and George Cowgillspent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacán in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City.At its peak around AD600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world.The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas,but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived. [C]How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for whenthere is nothing visible on the surface of the ground?Typically,they survey and sample(make test excavations on)large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information.Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D]Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes.In one case,many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copán,Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot.The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD500and850,when Copán collapsed.[E]To find their sites,archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic surveymethods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques.Airborne technologies,such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft,allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging.Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features,such as ancient buildings or fields.[F]Most archaeological sites,however,are discovered by archaeologists whohave set out to look for them.Such searches can take years.British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites.Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in1922.In the late1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’stores in Athens,Greece.He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the1400s to1200s BC.Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos(Knosós), on the island of Crete,in1900.[G]Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will besuccessful.Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking,looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery.They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape.Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar,magnetic-field recording,and metal detectors.Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites.Two-and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look,and presenting the results of archaeological research.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life.It might be poetic,philosophical,sensual,or mathematical,but in any case it must,in my view,have something to do with the soul of the human being.Hence it is metaphysical;but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound.I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.(46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words,all we can do is articulate our reactions to it,and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions.He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure.Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity.The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected,as in the last piano sonata.In musical expression,he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention.(47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person,and a courageous one,and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding,let alone the performance,of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music.His compositions demand the performer to show courage,for example in the use of dynamics.(48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word.He was not interested in daily politics,but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.(49)Especially significant was his view of freedom,which,for him,was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual:he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence.For him,order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence;order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation.It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second,so that suffering does not have the last word.(50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable,but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.SectionⅢWritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter of about100words to the president of your university, suggesting how to improve students’physical condition.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)interpret its intended meaning,and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)2014年全真试题答案Section Ⅰ Use of English1.D2.A3.B4.A5.C6.D7.C8.D9.B 10.C11.A 12.A 13.B 14.D 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.D Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1 21.A 22.C 23.D 24.A 25.AText 2 26.D 27.D 28.A 29.B 30.BText 3 31.B 32.C 33.C 34.B 35.DText 4 36.A 37.D 38.C 39.C 40.BPart B41.C 42.F 43.G 44.D 45.BPart C46.这也解释了为什么当我们试图用语言去描述音乐的时候，充其量只能是说清楚自己的感受，而无法抓住音乐本身。
2014年考研英语(一)真题及参考答案
2014年考研英语（一）真题及答案解析（网络版）Section I Use of LanguageDirections：Read the following text．Choose the best word（S）for each numbered blank and mark A，B ，C or D on ANSWER SHEET．（10 Points）As many people hit middle age，they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be．We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago，or an old acquaintance's name，or the name of an old band we used to love．As the brain 2 ，we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments．" 3 seemingly innocent，this loss of mental focus can potentially have a（an）4 impact on our professional，social，and personal 5 ．Neuroscientists，experts who study the nervous system，are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done．It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do，and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 ．Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain．To a certain extent，our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited．11 ，because these connections are made through effort and practice，scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort．Now，a new Web－based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 ．The Web－based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills．The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement．Most importantly，it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing－－much like a（n）20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use．1．[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2．[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3．[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4．[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5．[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6．[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7．[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8．[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9．[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10．[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11．[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12．[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13．[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14．[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15．[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16．[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17．[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on18．[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19．[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20．[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar答案：1－5 ABDCA6－10 ACBDC11－15 DABAD16－20 BDCCB1．[标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。
2014考研英语(一)真题及答案解析
2014考研英语（一）真题及答案解析Section I Use of LanguageDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(S) for each numbered blank and mark A, B ,C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 Points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers[D]collapses3.[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing[B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlook6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]circumstances[D]criterion9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]feature11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]However12.[A]according to[B]regardless of[C]apart from[D]instead of13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around14.[A]sharpness[B]stability[C]framework[D]flexibility15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows16.[A]hold[B]track[C]order[D]pace17.[A] to[B]with[C]for[D]on18.[A]irregularly[B]habitually[C]constantly[D]unusually19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take20.[A]risky[B]effective[C]idle[D]familiar答案：1-5 ABDCA6-10 ACBDC11-15 DABAD16-20 BDCCB1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。
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46. It is alsothe reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.【句型分析】本句主句主干为it is the reason，why引导定语从句，修饰thereason。
定语从句的主干是all we can do is articulateour reactions and not grasp music itself，其表语是不定式短语，由于主语中含有do，不定式符号to省略：articulateour reactions and not grasp music itself。
our reactions之后toit为其定语，it指代music。
定语从句中还包含when引导的时间状语从句。
【翻译要点】①本句主干的主句是主系表结构，reason后why引导的定语从句较长，翻译时可以与主干部分结合，调整表达为：这也就是为什么….。
②定语从句中，when引导时间状语从句，其中withwords做状语，翻译时需调整语序到其修饰的to describe之前，可以表达为“当我们尝试用语言来描述音乐时”。
定语从句的主干顺译即可，其中reaction根据语境，可以翻译为“感受”，其定语toit在表达时前置，it指代还原为“音乐”，则可以翻译为“所有我们能做的，就是明确表达我们对于音乐的感受”，或者调整表达为“我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受”。
and之后，grasp依据语境，需要翻译为“理解”。
【译文总结】这也是为什么当我们试图用语言来描述音乐时，我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受，而不能完全理解音乐本身。
47. By all accounts hewas a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding,let alone the performance, of his works。
【句型分析】本句为并列句。
第一个分句he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one，句首byall accounts为固定搭配，意思是“根据各方面说”。
第二个分句的主干为I find couragean essential quality，其中宾语为courage，而anessential quality是宾语补足语。
quality后介词短语forthe understanding of his work为其定语，其中还包含一个插入结构let alone the performance。
【翻译要点】① 第一个分句结构比较简单，句首固定搭配byall accounts，可以调整表达，翻译为“据大家所说”。
主干顺译即可，其中he指代“贝多芬”，one指代person。
这一部分可以翻译为“贝多芬是个思想自由、充满勇气的人”。
②第二个分句，主干为“我发现勇气是一个关键品质”，quality后为其定语forthe understanding of his work，其中theunderstanding of his work意思为“对于其作品的理解”，做词性转化后，可以表达为“理解其作品”，这个介词短语需要调整语序前置于quality，可以翻译为“理解他作品的关键品质”，则第二个分句可以表达为“我发现勇气，是理解他作品的关键品质”。
还可以调整表达为“我发现勇气这一品质，是理解他作品的关键”。
③在定语for the understanding of his work中的插入成分，在逻辑上letalone并列the understanding和theperformance，二者共用定语of his works，顺译句末即可：更不必说是演出其作品的关键品质。
【译文总结】人们普遍认为，他(贝多芬)是个思想自由、充满勇气的人，我发现勇气这一品质，是理解他作品的关键，更不必说是演出其作品的关键。
48. Beethoven’shabit of increasingthe volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage wasonly rarely used by composers before him。
【句型分析】本句主干为Beethoven’s habit was used by composers before him。
本句的谓语为被动语态，主语habit后介词短语ofincreasing the volume withan extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a suddensoft passage为其定语，是由介词of与and并列的两个动名词短语increasingthe volume with an extreme intensity 和then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage构成。
【翻译要点】①本句主干较为简单，但是主语habit后有很长的后置定语：Habitof increasing the volume…，其中“habit”可以词性转换为动词“习惯”，而中文常常先表达次要信息，则这一部分可以翻译一句话“贝多芬习惯增加…”，置于句首。
第一个动名词短语中，withan extreme intensity为状语，表达时需调整语序到其修饰的increasing the volume前，根据语境，volume 意思为“音量”，则increasing可以翻译为“增高”。
这一部分可以翻译为“最大限度来逐渐增高音量”。
第二个动名词短语thenabruptly following it witha sudden soft passage，状语with a sudden soft passage需调整到followingit 前表达，其中passage根据语境，意思为“乐段”。
则这一部分可以表达为“然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段”。
整合本句主语与其定语，可以翻译为“贝多芬习惯最大限度来逐渐增高音量，然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段”。
②本句主干意思为“在他之前，作曲家很少使用贝多芬的习惯”。
中文语义重心在后，将本部分翻译在句末即可。
由于前句译文已经提到这种习惯，则这部分可以表达为“在他之前，作曲家很少使用这种习惯”，结合语境还可以表达为“在他之前，作曲家很少使用这种方式”，或者“在他之前，只有极个别作曲家会使用这种方式”。
【译文总结】贝多芬习惯最大限度来逐渐增高音量，然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段，在他之前，作曲家很少使用这种方式。
49) Especially significant was his view of freedom,which, for him, was associated with therights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression。
【句型分析】本句为完全倒装，主句的主干是his view of freedom was Especially significant。
his view of freedom后为which引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰freedom，关系代词which在定语从句中作主语。
ofthe individual修饰the rights and responsibilities，冒号后进行解释说明。
【翻译要点】① 本句主干为完全倒装，但是在翻译时，顺译即可，其中his指代“贝多芬的”，主干可以表达为：尤为重要的是，他(贝多芬)对于自由的看法….。
② which引导英语从句，修饰freedom，表达时翻译成另一句话“对于他而言，这种自由是与个人的权利和责任联系起来的”，其中forhim还可以调整表达为“他认为”。
③冒号后进行解释，可以翻译为：他倡导思想自由和个人言论自由。
【译文总结】尤为重要的是贝多芬对于自由的看法，他认为，这种自由是与个人的权利和责任联系起来的：他倡导思想自由和个人言论自由。
50. Onecould interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable,but the courage to fight it renders life worth living。
【句型分析】本句主句主干为One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven，之后bysaying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living为状语，修饰interpret。
其中that 引导宾语从句sufferingis inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living，为saying的宾语，宾语从句中it指代suffering。
【翻译要点】①本句主语one，可以翻译为“人们”或者“我们”。
主干可以翻译为“我们可以解释贝多芬的大部分作品”。
②主干之后的状语，可以翻译为“通过说痛苦是无法避免的，但是与之相抗争的勇气使得生命值得继续。
”③整合主干，可以表达为“我们可以这样解释贝多芬的大部分作品：苦难是不可避免的，但是与痛苦抗争的勇气使得生命值得继续。
”【译文总结】我们可以这样解释贝多芬的大部分作品：苦难是不可避免的，但是与痛苦抗争的勇气使得生命值得继续。