研究生英语阅读教程(提高级 第三版)
(完整版)研究生英语阅读教程第三版课文Lesson1
Lesson 1 Spillonomics: Underestimating Risk[1] In retrospect, the pattern seems clear. Years before the Deepwater Horizon rig blew, BP was developing a reputation as an oil company that took safety risks to save money. An explosion at a Texas refinery killed 15 workers in 2005, and federal regulators and a panel led by James A. BakerⅢ, the former secretary of state, said that cost cutting was partly to blame. The next year, a corroded pipeline in Alaska poured oil into Prudhoe Bay. None other than Joe Barton, a Republican congressman from Texas and a global-warming skeptic, upbraided BP managers for their “seeming indifference to safety and environmental issues”.[2] Much of this indifference stemmed from an obsession with profits, come what may. But there also appears to have been another factor, one more universally human, at work. The people running BP did a dreadful job of estimating the true chances of events that seemed unlikely—but that would bring enormous costs.[3] Perhaps the easiest way to see this is to consider what BP executives must be thinking today. Surely, given the expense of the clean-up and the hit to BP’s reputation, the executives wish they could go back and spend the extra money to make Deepwater Horizon safer. That they did not suggests that they figured the rig would be fine an itwas.[4]For all the criticism BP executives may deserve, they are far from the only people to struggle with such low-probability, high-cost events. Nearly everyone does. “These are precisely the kinds of events that are hard for us as humans to get our hands around and react to rationally, ”Robert N. Stavins, an environmental economist at Harvard, says. We make two basic—and opposite—types of mistakes. When an event is difficult to imagine, we tend to underestimate its likelihood. This is the proverbial black swan. Most of the people running Deepwater Horizon probably never had a rig explode on them. So they assumed it would not happen , at least not to them.[5] Similarly, Ben Bernanke and Alan Greenspan liked to argue, not so long ago, that the national real estate market was not in a bubble because it had never been in one before. Wall Street traders took the same view and built mathematical models that did not allow for the possibility that house prices would decline. And may home buyers signed up for unaffordable mortgages, believing they could refinance or sell the house once its price rose. That’s what house prices did, it seemed.[6]On the other hand, when an unlikely event is all too easy to imagine, we often go in the opposite direction and overestimate the odds. After the 9/11 attacks, Americans canceled plane trips and took to the road. There were no terrorist attacks in this country in 2002, yet theadditional driving apparently led to an increase in traffic fatalities.[7]When the stakes are high enough, it falls to government to help its citizens avoid these entirely human errors. The market, left to its own devices, often cannot do so. Yet in the case of Deepwater Horizon, government policy actually went the other way. It encouraged BP to underestimate the odds of a catastrophe.[8] In a little-noticed provision in a 1990 law passed after the Exxon Valdez spill, Congress capped a spiller’s liability over and above cleanup costs at $7500 million for a rig spill. Even if the party is on the hook for only $7500 million. (In this instance, BP has agreed to waive the cap for claims it deems legitimate. ) Michael Greenstone, an M.I.T. economist who runs the Hamilton Project in Washington, says the law fundamentally distorts a company’s decision making. Without the cap, executives would have to weigh the possible revenue from a well against the cost of drilling there and the risk of damage. With the cap, they can largely ignore the potential damage beyond cleanup costs. So they end up drilling wells even in places where the damage can be horrific, like close to a shoreline. To put it another way, human frailty helped BP’s executives underestimate the chance of a low-probability, high-cost event. Federal law helped them underestimate the costs.[9] In the wake of Deepwater Horizon, Congress and Obama administration will no doubt be tempted to pass laws meant to reducethe risks of another deep-water disaster. Certainly there are some sensible steps they can take, like lifting the liability cap and freeing regulators from the sway of industry. But it would be foolish to think that the only risks we are still underestimating are the ones that have suddenly become salient.[10]The big financial risk is no longer a housing bubble. Instead, it may be the huge deficits that the growth of Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security will cause in coming years—and the possibility that lender will eventually become nervous about extending credit to Washington. True, some economists and policy makers insist the country should not get worked up about this possibility, because lenders have never soured on the Unite States government before and show no signs of doing so now. but isn’t that reminiscent of the old Bernanke-Greenspan tune about the housing market?[11]Then, of course, there are the greenhouse gases that oil wells ( among other things) send into the atmosphere even when the wells function properly. Scientists say the buildup of these gases is already likely to warm the planet by at least three degrees over the next century and cause droughts, storms and more ice-cap melting. The researcher’s estimates have risen recently, too, and it is also possible the planet could get around 12 degree hotter. That kind of could flood major cities and cause parts of Antarctica to collapse.[12]Nothing like that has ever happened before. Even imagining it is difficult. It is much easier to hope that the odds of such an outcome are vanishingly small. In fact, it’s only natural to have this hope. But that doesn’t make it wise.。
贵州大学研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版期复习资料汇总.doc
Lesson 3A.1、It was like a parent trying to coax a lying child into admitting an obvious truth.A punishB persuadeC criticizeD release2、Zofi tended to write long and detailed e-mails,bur her boss always zapped back.terse single-word responses .A briefB forcefulC difficultD complex3、Benny Anvi scolded the dog,which become fiercer and looked nearly ready topounce.A back offB lie downC bite onD spring forward4、Working with the wrong company could potentially distort my image andultimately chip away at the faith of my fans •A strengthenB weakenC keepD lose5、The photographs takan at Belsen and other camps led to widespread and intenserevulsion towards Nazi Germany.A criticismB disgustC punishmentD attack6、It is only the paintaking people who can live a brilliant life .A optimisticB confidentC patientD diligent7、When one considers our world from such a perspective.the need for accptanceand understanding becomes glaringly apprent.A obviouslyB increasinglyC possiblyD reliably8、That is one reason why this conflict grinds remorselessly from decade to decade •A dramaticallyB silentlyC endlesslyD regretfully9> Overzealous and effective theft detection and prevention creates an atmoshere that islikely to intimidate innocent customers.A encourageB reassureC frightenD surprise10、He called the success a vindication of his party^s free-market economic policy. Ajustification B support C stimulus D projectB.In the know pay off wend one's way deliberately telling Incremental rip (sth) up dead in the water every so often in place1、Every so often Mother takes an opportunity to remind us that eating animals eventually bite us back.2> Spain and Greeece^s bears are unlikely to survive unless stict protection programs are put in place.3、we talked to agents?managers?publishers,lawyers and others in the know to come up with our estimates.4、We are seeking continuous.incremental improvements,not great breakthroughs.5、Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off6、The government has been involved in a disinformation campaign, deliberately misleading its citizens.7、She took every photograph of me that was in our house and angrily ripped it up<8、The inability to sell these very popular models doesn^t leave Toyota dealers deadin the water but it comes very .very close.9、The most telling condemnation of the system was that it failed to fulfill its function.10> Today's investors lack the patients to hang on for years as ideas wend their way from the lab to the market.Lesson 4A.1、During the lecture all the audience listened to china's first astronaut with raptadmiration.A obscureB obviousC obligedD obsessed2、Most of her colleagues didn't like her because she was adept at the fine art ofirritating people・A ambitiousB annoyingC skillfulD scornful3、In the schools today we need, more than ever, the training of deft hands.quickeyes and ears ,and above all thebroader,deeper,higher culture of gifted mind and pure hearts.A skillfulB cleverC delicateD elegant4、At last the judge decided to give the custody of the child to his fathe匚A supervisionB cateringC raisingD fostering5、Denver residents continued to dig out from what was called the worst blizzard innearly a century・A catastropheB disasterC snowstonnD landslide6、After all ,the candidate was endorsed by the governor's board and many of thelocal party members.A ignoredB rejectedC sponsoredD suDDortcd7、His expression gave temporary meaning to a set of features but it wasnondescript.A unclearB distinctiveC impliedD ambiguous8、She came home spouting off about the subjects she was taught at school andbasked in her teacher's praise.A pridedB enjoyed C. criticized D narrated9、It was evident that the administrative officials did not believe the excuse that he■ held forth for the delayed delivery.A liedB toldC emphasizedD compiled10> When frank heard that the war had started ,it didrft sink in for a long time until hisfather was drafted into the army.A be understoodB be acceptedC be takenD be illustratedB.1、Plants will lose their _____ when they are heavily trimmed.A voyageB vitalityC vogueD virgin2、It was generally conceded that the nst result of the incident was calculated to make Eisenhower mad enough to force him to ____ re-electionA run forB compete inC apply toD line up with3、Mick entered the Vocational High School,and in order to get to know her newclassmates,she ___ a party. A cast B launched C flung D threw4、Alice Moore refused to learn what they required.She couldn't see the necessity of for those that would appear in the examinations. A clapping B cramming C clashing D creeping5、The listeners were ____ by his magic eloquence and ready to stand by him in his boldest flights- A agonized B thrilled C disturbed D interfered6^ We remained until our ship was repaired,and after that,we set sail for England^our port being Londom. A doomed B denoted C despaired D destined7、 Seeds of various typles —wheat grains,beans,and nuts —form the bulk of humanfood.But not all seeds are ___ to either humans or insects 5many contain toxins. C peculiar D permanent 9、 A bill passed ___ by both houses in August requires states to set up systems forwithholding child support payments from the wages and states tax refunds of those persons. A anonymously B autonomously C unanimously D enormously10、After about an hour all the participants ____ with the regulations and each other. A wanned up B made up C mixed up D wound upLessson 6A.1、 another common use of the tag question is in small talk when the speaker istrying to ____ conversation:^sure is hot here,isn't it?'， A Illicit B elicit C solicit D explicit2、 napster says it is delaying the launch of its subscription service yetagain,after running into serious problems in its talks with other firms .so here is napster ________ : still not ready. A refrain B renown C restraint D retention3、 The path from initial lab work on a drug to final approval of the drug by thefood &drug administration is a long and _____ process. A hilarious B notorious C industrious D laborious4、 When I was a childj always refused to write thank-you notes for birthdaypresents from a faraway relative.my mother would ____ me andsayjpaul ,you must learn to be polite ； A glide B slide C abide D chide5、 A(a) ___ memory may be a good thing,but the ability to forget is the truetoken of greatness.food.But not all seeds are ___ A palatable B primitive8、Continuing violence could A hold on B hold upthe progress towards reform. Chold down D hold offA attentiveB inattentiveC retentiveD irretentive6、There's still a great deal of _____ on the weapons of mass destruction ,whichdespite what president bush and prime minister blair say,have not yet beenfound.A evidenceB skepticismC knowledgeD consensus7、Even though exercise has many positive benefits,too much can beharmful.teens who exercise ____ are at risk for both physical andpsychological problems.A comparativelyB competitivelyC comDulsivelyD comprehensively8> Some of the maids were quiet and affectionate.but others were ______ ,drivingthe young women crazy by complaining to them all the time.A auerulousB fabulousC pretentiousD conscientious9、There is nothing more fascinating than observing citizens of many differentnationalities _____ a nd exchanging greetings in an international airport.A singlingB dinglingC jinglingD mingling10> When dallas police notifed the hospital that president kennedy had been shot,atfirst,the young neurosurgeon thought it was a_________ .A blankB flankC DrankD frankB.Thumb nose at obsess with single out brust onto on the lookout forMore often than not superior to obscure disregard get along1、He picked up things that he thought people were throwing away and still had life.He was very upset that people were very quick to clisregarcl things of value. 2^ Looking for life elsewhere is a tough task.The good news is that the scientists are on the lookout for extraterrestrials signs and scientific tools to search for extraterrestrial life are advancing rapidly.3、They are not so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports.On the contrary^they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams.4、People remember only what is interesting and useful to them,what helps them make sense of the world,or helps them get along in it.5、My husband reacted with irritation because he felt the comments implied: Youre is not a real marriage, I am superior to you because my wife and I have avoided your misfortune.6、Airlines are thumbing nose at the plan to modernize Los Angeles Internstional Airport because their financial problems would make it difficult for them to pay for the renovation.7> The Green Party of Pennsylvania has the burst onto politicalvsense in 2001 with unprecedented energy and vigor and Green voter registration has more than quadrupled.8、Before he went to university,Peince William had gone off to the jungles of South America and worked on rather obscure farms in England.9> More often than not ° we tend to get stressed and disturbed by lifet endless ups and downs- You have the choice to remain the same or change it to your advantage.10、Following the terrrorist attacks,there have been reports of beating and killings ofArabs.As an African AmericanJ am outraged by the single'ing out of Arab Americans and Muslims.Lesson 7A.1、Upon hearing these critical remarks ,he was in a complete state of bewildennentand did not know what to do next.A astonishmentB frustrationC depressionD Demlexity2、For many women .the hairowing prospect of giving evidence in a rape case canbe too much to bear.A promisingB embarrassingC hauntingD upsetting3、The companydisappointing sales figures are an ominous sign of worse thing tocome.A disgracefulB disgustingC scandalousD threatening4、He said that people are too obsessed with utopian visions that nevercome.instead of thinking of the quality of life now.A promisingB unrealisticC unbelievableD unprecedented5、We eliminated the possibility that it could have been an accident because it wasso well timed.A elicitedB despisedC removedD elevated6、Things would never change if people weren't prepared to experiment with newteaching methods.A endeavorB campaignC swerveD try7、The national interest is most important than the sectional and personal interestsof individual politicians.A segregatedB factionalC inviolableD dismantled8> Despite differences in background and outlook,their partnership was based onmutual respect.trust and understanding.A unilateralB reciDrocalC obligatoryD optional9、Desirous of knowing something about the operations J stood and watched thespectacle.A desDerate forB desirable ofC detached fromD deprived of10> He spoke eloauently with the self-effacing humor that endeared him to theAmerican press.A elegantlyB persuasivelyC arrogantlyD expressivelyB.Go all out believe in boil down to trample in pursuit ofContend in the final analysis transcend justify be born of1、His arrogance is born of a conviction that he is a superior being with better education and family backgrounds.2、The investigation term promised to go all out to find out about the cause of the accident in the shortest possible time.3^ The results of the study have certainly justified the huge amout the money that was spent on this long-term project.4、Having read these touching stories,you will certainly believe in (he fundamental goodness of human nuture.5、Fortunately the acting and photography are so good that they somehow manage to transcend the limitations of the film^e plot.6、For Malcolm what matters most in his life could always be boil down to one idea:being good in business.7、What distinguishes all the species of plants and animals is, in the finalanalysis ,differences in the way carbon atoms choose to bond・8> Several people were tranwled to death when the stadium collapsed and the crowd rushed out onto the football pitch.9、The lawyer contented in court that her client had never been near the sence of the crime.10N The company has been in Dursuit of Holton for some timeout so far he has rejected all their offers.Lesson 9A.1、When she arose to speak in their assemblies ,her commanding figure anddignified manners ____ e very trifler into silence.A rushedB hushedC cashedD pushed2、In many of his paintings of towns,harbors,and rivers ,marquet showed aparticular gift for simplification that seized _____ upon the essentials in thescene before him.A unexpectedlyB unavoidablyC unerringlyD unbelievably3、The old gentleman was so much immersed in business ,that he was unable to___ much attention upon me>A bestowB bewilderC bewareD betray4、The most famous _____ w hiteface clown is felix adler,who performed in theearly and mid-20lh century・A picturesqueB uniqueC techniqueD grotesaue5、By the 1st century B.C,roman power was growing and greek influence hadbegun to _____ .A waneB waverC weaveD warp6、To starboard ,at hurghada,behind _____ r anks of coral reefs Jay the importantmarine biological station of the university of Egypt.A severeB serriedC seducedD sentimental7、At first,the downturn was confined to industries most sensitive to highinterest rates.but ______ ,the loss of income in these areas had a ripple effectthroughout the economy.A inexorablyB intensivelyC inevitablyD infinitely8、The puppet theater combines three elements:the puppets;the chanters whosing and ___ for the puppets;and the players of the three-stringedinstrument.A declineB reclaimC declaimD proclaim9、This is your daily life; to me it is like a scene from a play,over which onesighs to see the curtain fall-all _____ ,all light ,all happiness.A cnchantmcntB engagementC enlargementD endurance2、The male cricket produce his courtship song by rubbing a grooved ridge on the enderside of one of his front wings against the sharp edge of the other front wing.3、Early ballpoint pens did not write well.they tended to ship,and the slow ・drying oil-based ink smudge easily.4、 In August.the enemy's drive against the city,which had been stalled by floods in late June and July, was renewed. 5^ In an ionic substance ,the positive ion often tugs at the electrons on the negative ion.6^ The risk of a heart attack for patients with a history of heart problems goes up by 35-50 percent during the winter months ,so doctors warm heart patients stay clear of the cold.7、 Last month, protected CDs with technology designed to discourage customers form making copies on their PCs quietly slipped into stores.8、On January 21,2001,thousands of people cowded into the National Mall to be witness to the inauguration of the 43rd President George W.Bush.9、 In low visibility ,the diver never knows what he will find on any dive and may suddenly see a huge ship loom up out of the underwater fog. 10> Insidde the airport hundreds of passengers are still stranding by thesnowstorm.Lesson 12A.1、The explosion sent pieces of metal and glass ____ through the air.A walkingB flashingC huillingD struggling2^ I could make out a dark figure in the _____ . A btighness B clearance C faintness D twilight3、 Put the fish in the _____ a nd itHl only take 5 minutes. A microphone B microwave C silicon D chip4、 As you get older your bones become increasingly ____ . A brittle B brilliant C brightened D bleachable5^ It's often cheaper if you buy wallpaper _____ ，rather than having to order it. A off the shelf B out of date C custom-fitted D off-cuts 6^ A close inspection revesled minute cracks in the aircraft's _ and wings.A faceB interfaceC fuselageD fuse7^ He was interested in ____ when he was only a child,beacuse he wantedd to be an 10、 “it was really rural when we moved here,^says Stanley.^but these newcomersthe rural atmosphere/' C ratifying are A justifying B citifying D simplifyingB.Strand swoop loom up Smudge stall tug atcrowd intostay clear of cricket slipped into Sudden gestures would drive sharks away for a moment ,but they came back almost at once.If we turned our backs to them,they would swoop at our legs.1、A outskirtB circumstanceC aerospaceD suburb8、I heard a massive explosion and ground __ beneath me .A hoppedB shudderedC enduredD paralyzed9、In his twenty years working for the company Joe Pearson made a(n) / impression on it.A inexcusableB indelibleC consumableD conclusive10、_____ is a row of black lines on something you buy,that a computer reads to find the price.A BarcodeB JetlagC PostcodeD PricelistB.Keep track seek to live with back and forth come close toIn a sense be up in the air despite consolidate into worry about1、After years and years of hard work.he was finally come colse to achieving his goals.2> He consilidated his business into one large company.3^ She had understood nothing,nor had she sought to understand.4、In a sense _______ , he's right by sauing that everybody is a studen匸5^ Our plans for the summer are up in the air .Noboby is sure what is going to happen.6> He changes jobs so often—I find it hard to keep track of what is going to happen.7、She's always worrying about her son,who isn't on good terms with his playmates. 8^ Fm still pleased with the house despite all the problems we've had.9^ They discussed it back and for it hout getting very far.10、It\ a problem she's going to have to live with ,Lesson 41 、Bill Clinton was hard to miss in the autumn of 1970. He arrived at Yale Law School looking more like a Viking than a Rhodes Scholar returning from two years at Oxford.. He was tall and handsome somewhere beneath that reddish brown beard and curly mane of hai匚He also had a vitality that seemed to shoot out of his pores.1970年秋天，你想不注意比尔■克林顿也不容易。
研究生英语阅读教程(提高级 第三版)Lesson 7
5
Background Information
The march influenced the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, and King was awarded the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize. King joined the growing number of antiwar activists in 1965 and began to criticize publicly American foreign policy in Vietnam. King’s outspoken opposition to the Vietnam War (1959—1975) also angered President
of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, and King was awarded the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize. In 1968 he went to Memphis, Tennessee to support a strike by sanitation workers; there on April 4, he was assassinated.
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Warm-up Questions
1. Listen to the speech “I Have a Dream” by Martin Luther King Jr. What impressed you most?
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Warm-up Questions
2. In his speech, President Obama said that the USA now “is more fair and more free and more just than the one Dr. King addressed that day”. Do you agree with him?
贵州大学研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版课后词汇及翻译答案
贵州大学研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版课后词汇及翻译答案贵州大学研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版词汇及翻译答案Lesson 21、the story about the brothers grimm may evoke warm memoriesof story time in the comforting arms of a parent.A recallB createC releaseD collect2、one of the secrets of successful travel lies in always turningadversity to your advantage.A unfamiliarityB explorationC pleasureD difficulties3、The claws of bears may be used to climb trees, rip opennests and beehives ,or catch prey.A clearB tearC throwD dig4、The analysts are dissecting intrusions and other attacks that havebreached their computer systems.A interceptingB fightingC analyzingD discussing5、He spent whole days in his room, headphones on lest he disturbanyone.A unlessB whenC so thatD in case6、As the unemployment lines lengthened and factories closed,therewas talk of apocalypse.A emergencyB uncertaintyC disasterD reduction7、The odor of the hospital was so unforgiving that every so often shewould bring the cloud of white flowers to her nose.A unexpectedB uniqueC impressiveD terrible8、Critics argue that the lavish park itself is incongruous in a countrywhere around half the population lives below the poverty line.A inappropriateB creativeC unnecessaryD enjoyable9、Many believed optimistically the new would soothe markets ,but itseems to have had the opposite effect.A pushB misleadC calmD discourage10、 A stoical person tends to show admirable patience and endurancein the face of adversity without getting upset.A confidentB uncomplainingC unconventionalD reliable Lesson 41、During the lecture all the audience listened to china’s firstastronaut with rapt admiration.A obscureB obviousC obligedD obsessed2、Most of her c olleagues didn’t like her because she was adept atthe fine art of irritating people.A ambitiousB annoyingC skillfulD scornful3、In the schools today we need, more than ever, the trainingof defthands,quick eyes and ears ,and above all thebroader,deeper,higher culture of gifted mind and pure hearts.A skillfulB cleverC delicateD elegant4、At last the judge decided to give the custody of the child to hisfather.A supervisionB cateringC raisingD fostering5、Denver residents continued to dig out from what was called theworst blizzard in nearly a century.A catastropheB disasterC snowstormD landslide6、After all ,the candidate was endorsed by the governor’s board andmany of the local party members.A ignoredB rejectedC sponsoredD supported7、His expression gave temporary meaning to a set of features but itwas nondescript.A unclearB distinctiveC impliedD ambiguous8、She came home spouting off about the subjects she was taught atschool and basked in her teacher’s praise.A pridedB enjoyed C. criticized D narrated9、It was evident that the administrative officials did not believe theexcuse that he held forth for the delayed delivery.A liedB toldC emphasizedD compiled10、When frank heard that the war had started ,it didn’t sink in for along time until his father was drafted into the army.A be understoodB be acceptedC be takenD beillustratedLessson 61、another common use of the tag question is in small talk when thespeaker is trying to _____ conversation:”sure is hot here,isn’t it?”A IllicitB elicitC solicitD explicit2、napster says it is delaying the launch of its subscription serviceyet again,after running into serious problems in its talks with other firms .so here is napster’s _____ ：still not ready.A refrainB renownC restraintD retention3、The path from initial lab work on a drug to final approval of thedrug by the food &drug administration is a long and _____ process.A hilariousB notoriousC industriousD laborious4、When I was a child,I always refused to write thank-you notes forbirthday presents from a faraway relative.my mother would _____ me and say,”paul ,you must learn to be polite.”A glideB slideC abideD chide5、A(a) ____ memory may be a good thing,but the ability to forget isthe true token of greatness.A attentiveB inattentiveC retentiveD irretentive6、There’s still a great deal of _____ on the weapons of massdestruction ,which despite what president bush and prime minister blair say,have not yet been found.A evidenceB skepticismC knowledgeD consensus7、Even though exercise has many positive benefits,too much can beharmful.teens who exercise_____ are at risk for both physical and psychological problems.A comparativelyB competitivelyC compulsively Dcomprehensively8、Some of the maids were quiet and affectionate.but others were____,driving the young women crazy by complaining to them allthe time.A querulousB fabulousC pretentiousD conscientious9、There is nothing more fascinating than observing citizensof manydifferent nationalities _____ and exchanging greetings in an international airport.A singlingB dinglingC jinglingD mingling10、When dallas police notifed the hospital that president kennedyhad been shot,at first,the young neurosurgeon thought it was a____.A blankB flankC prankD frankLesson 71、Upon hearing these critical remarks ,he was in a complete stateof bewilderment and did not know what to do next.A astonishmentB frustrationC depressionD perplexity2、For many women ,the harrowing prospect of giving evidence in arape case can be too much to bear.A promisingB embarrassingC hauntingD upsetting3、The company’s disappointing sales figures are an ominous sign ofworse thing to come.A disgracefulB disgustingC scandalousD threatening4、He said that people are too obsessed with utopian visions thatnever come,instead of thinking of the quality of life now.A promisingB unrealisticC unbelievableD unprecedented5、We eliminated the possibility that it could have been an accidentbecause it was so well timed.A elicitedB despisedC removedD elevated6、Things would never change if people weren’t prepared toexperiment with new teaching methods.A endeavorB campaignC swerveD try7、The national interest is most important than the sectionalandpersonal interests of individual politicians.A segregatedB factionalC inviolableD dismantled8、Despite differences in background and outlook,their partnershipwas based on mutual respect,trust and understanding.A unilateralB reciprocalC obligatoryD optional9、Desirous of knowing something about the operations ,I stood andwatched the spectacle.A desperate forB desirable ofC detached fromD deprived of10、He spoke eloquently with the self-effacing humor that endearedhim to the American press.A elegantlyB persuasivelyC arrogantlyD expressively Lesson 91、When she arose to speak in their assemblies ,her commandingfigure and dignified manners _____ every trifler into silence.A rushedB hushedC cashedD pushed2、In many of his paintings of towns,harbors,and rivers ,marquetshowed a particular gift for simplification thatseized_____upon the essentials in the scene before him.A unexpectedlyB unavoidablyC unerringlyD unbelievably3、The old gentleman was so much immersed in business ,that hewas unable to ____ much attention upon me.A bestowB bewilderC bewareD betray4、The most famous _____ whiteface clown is felix adler,whoperformed in the early and mid-20th century.A picturesqueB uniqueC techniqueD grotesque5、By the 1st century B.C,roman power was growing and greekinfluence had begun to _____.A waneB waverC weaveD warp6、To starboard ,at hurghada,behind _____ ranks of coral reefs,laythe important marine biological station of the university of Egypt.A severeB serriedC seducedD sentimental7、At first,the downturn was confined to industries most sensitive tohigh interest rates.but ______,the loss of income in these areas had a ripple effect throughout the economy.A inexorablyB intensivelyC inevitablyD infinitely8、The puppet theater combines three elements:the puppets;thechanters who sing and ____ for the puppets;and the players ofthe three-stringed instrument.A declineB reclaimC declaimD proclaim9、This is your daily life; to me it is like a scene from a play,overwhich one sighs to see the curtain fall-all _____,all light ,allhappiness.A enchantmentB engagementC enlargementD endurance10、“it was really rural when we moved here,”says Stanley.”but thesenewcomers are _____ the rural atmosphere.”A justifyingB citifyingC ratifyingD simplifying Lesson 111、The supporters of GM foods say that it should be possible tomake foods that are less likely to trigger allergies.A preventB reduceC causeD transfer2、The relationship between men and their cars would terminate inthe event of irreparable mechanical breakdown(equivalent to thedeath of a spouse).A endB declineC failD proceed3、The combination of miscommunication ,ignored warnings andgeneral hubris virtually guaranteed disaster.A misunderstandingB misconductC angerD arrogance4、Despite an occasional glimmer of hope ,this campaign has notproduced any results.A proofB indicationC releaseD consequence5、These kids had been further insulated by their wealthy familiesfrom reality with the privilege that money could buy.A protectedB awokenC coveredD isolated6、I found myself constantly pondering the question:”how couldanyone do these things?”A arguingB answeringC coveredD isolated7、Interactive technology augments traditional methods with newand yet-to-be invented collaboration tools ranging from e-mail toweb logs to digital video to peer-to-peer systems.A communicationB entertainmentC cooperation Dimprovement8、For people who feel too intimidated or shy to ask questionsduring class,the internet creates a “safe environment”to speaktheir mind.online ,nobody knows who you are.A frightenedB frustratedC depressedD disappointed9、On this day after September 11 ,most planes were stillgrounded ;the skies were eerily quiet.A particularlyB unusuallyC mysteriouslyD pleasantly10、Considered by many archaeologists to be the first humancivilization ,sumer has yielded many huge stonecarvings .deciphered, they described”gods”who came anotherplanet in flying machines.A inspiredB interpretedC improvedD implanted Lesson 21 It is a cliché, as it is to talk of apocalypse and nightmare, but when something is beyond our experience, we reach for the points of reference we have.说到世界末日和噩梦又是老生常谈，但是当事情超出我们的经验时，我们总会寻找现有的东西作为参照。
贵州大学研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版期复习资料汇总.doc
贵州大学研究生英语阅读教程提高级第三版期复习资料汇总.docLesson 3A.1、It was like a parent trying to coax a lying child into admitting an obvious truth.A punishB persuadeC criticizeD release2、Zofi tended to write long and detailed e-mails,bur her boss always zapped back.terse single-word responses .A briefB forcefulC difficultD complex3、Benny Anvi scolded the dog,which become fiercer and looked nearly ready topounce.A back offB lie downC bite onD spring forward4、Working with the wrong company could potentially distort my image andultimately chip away at the faith of my fans ?A strengthenB weakenC keepD lose5、The photographs takan at Belsen and other camps led to widespread and intenserevulsion towards Nazi Germany.A criticismB disgustC punishmentD attack6、It is only the paintaking people who can live a brilliant life .A optimisticB confidentC patientD diligent7、When one considers our world from such a perspective.the need for accptanceand understanding becomes glaringly apprent.A obviouslyB increasinglyC possiblyD reliably8、That is one reason why this conflict grinds remorselessly from decade to decade ?A dramaticallyB silentlyC endlesslyD regretfully9> Overzealous and effective theft detection and prevention creates an atmoshere that islikely to intimidate innocent customers.A encourageB reassureC frightenD surprise10、He called the success a vindication of his party^s free-market economic policy. Ajustification B support C stimulus D projectB.In the know pay off wend one's way deliberately telling Incremental rip (sth) up dead in the water every so often in place1、Every so often Mother takes an opportunity to remind us that eating animals eventually bite us back.2> Spain and Greeece^s bears are unlikely to survive unless stict protection programs are put in place.3、we talked to agents?managers?publishers,lawyers and others in the know to come up with our estimates.4、We are seeking continuous.incremental improvements,not great breakthroughs.5、Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off6、The government has been involved in a disinformation campaign, deliberately misleading its citizens.7、She took every photograph of me that was in our house and angrily ripped it up<8、The inability to sell these very popular models doesn^t leave Toyota dealers deadin the water but it comes very .very close.9、The most telling condemnation of the system was that it failed to fulfill its function.10> Today's investors lack the patients to hang on for yearsas ideas wend their way from the lab to the market.Lesson 4A.1、During the lecture all the audience listened to china's first astronaut with raptadmiration.A obscureB obviousC obligedD obsessed2、Most of her colleagues didn't like her because she was adept at the fine art ofirritating people?A ambitiousB annoyingC skillfulD scornful3、In the schools today we need, more than ever, the training of deft hands.quickeyes and ears ,and above all thebroader,deeper,higher culture of gifted mind and pure hearts.A skillfulB cleverC delicateD elegant4、At last the judge decided to give the custody of the child to his fathe匚A supervisionB cateringC raisingD fostering5、Denver residents continued to dig out from what was called the worst blizzard innearly a century?A catastropheB disasterC snowstonnD landslide6、After all ,the candidate was endorsed by the governor's board and many of thelocal party members.A ignoredB rejectedC sponsoredD suDDortcd7、His expression gave temporary meaning to a set of features but it wasnondescript.A unclearB distinctiveC impliedD ambiguous8、She came home spouting off about the subjects she was taught at school andbasked in her teacher's praise.A pridedB enjoyed C. criticized D narrated9、It was evident that the administrative officials did not believe the excuse that he■ held forth for the delayed delivery.A liedB toldC emphasizedD compiled10> When frank heard that the war had started ,it didrft sink in for a long time until hisfather was drafted into the army.A be understoodB be acceptedC be takenD be illustratedB.1、Plants will lose their _____ when they are heavily trimmed.A voyageB vitalityC vogueD virgin2、It was generally conceded that the nst result of the incident was calculated to make Eisenhower mad enough to force him to ____ re-electionA run forB compete inC apply toD line up with3、Mick entered the Vocational High School,and in order to get to know her newclassmates,she ___ a party. A cast B launched C flung D threw4、Alice Moore refused to learn what they required.She couldn't see the necessity of for those that would appear in the examinations. A clapping B cramming C clashing D creeping5、The listeners were ____ by his magic eloquence and ready to stand by him in his boldest flights- A agonized B thrilled C disturbed D interfered6^ We remained until our ship was repaired,and after that,we set sail for England^our port being Londom. A doomed B denoted C despaired D destined7、 Seeds of various typles —wheat grains,beans,and nuts —form the bulk of humanfood.But not all seeds are ___ to either humans or insects 5many contain toxins. C peculiar D permanent 9、 A bill passed ___ by both houses in August requires states to set up systems forwithholding child support payments from the wages and states tax refunds of those persons. A anonymously B autonomously C unanimously D enormously10、After about an hour all the participants ____ with the regulations and each other. A wanned up B made up C mixed up D wound upLessson 6A.1、 another common use of the tag question is in small talk when the speaker istrying to ____ conversation:^sure is hot here,isn't it?'， A IllicitB elicitC solicitD explicit2、 napster says it is delaying the launch of its subscription service yetagain,after running into serious problems in its talks with other firms .so here is napster ________ : still not ready. A refrain B renown C restraint D retention3、 The path from initial lab work on a drug to final approvalof the drug by thefood &drug administration is a long and _____ process. A hilarious B notorious C industrious D laborious4、 When I was a childj always refused to write thank-you notes for birthdaypresents from a faraway relative.my mother would ____ me andsayjpaul ,you must learn to be polite ； A glide B slide C abideD chide5、 A(a) ___ memory may be a good thing,but the ability to forget is the truetoken of greatness.food.But not all seeds are ___ A palatable B primitive8、Continuing violence could A hold on B hold upthe progress towards reform. Chold down D hold offA attentiveB inattentiveC retentiveD irretentive6、There's still a great deal of _____ on the weapons of mass destruction ,whichdespite what president bush and prime minister blair say,have not yet beenfound.A evidenceB skepticismC knowledgeD consensus7、Even though exercise has many positive benefits,toomuch can beharmful.teens who exercise ____ are at risk for both physical andpsychological problems.A comparativelyB competitivelyC comDulsivelyD comprehensively8> Some of the maids were quiet and affectionate.but others were ______ ,drivingthe young women crazy by complaining to them all the time.A auerulousB fabulousC pretentiousD conscientious9、There is nothing more fascinating than observing citizens of many differentnationalities _____ a nd exchanging greetings in an international airport.A singlingB dinglingC jinglingD mingling10> When dallas police notifed the hospital that president kennedy had been shot,atfirst,the young neurosurgeon thought it was a_________ .A blankB flankC DrankD frankB.Thumb nose at obsess with single out brust onto on the lookout forMore often than not superior to obscure disregard get along1、He picked up things that he thought people were throwing away and still had life.He was very upset that people were very quick to clisregarcl things of value. 2^ Looking for life elsewhere is a tough task.The good news is that the scientists are on the lookout for extraterrestrials signs and scientific tools to search for extraterrestrial life are advancing rapidly.3、They are not so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports.On the contrary^they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams.4、People remember only what is interesting and useful to them,what helps them make sense of the world,or helps them get along in it.5、My husband reacted with irritation because he felt the comments implied: Youre is not a real marriage, I am superior to you because my wife and I have avoided your misfortune.6、Airlines are thumbing nose at the plan to modernize Los Angeles Internstional Airport because their financial problems would make it difficult for them to pay for the renovation.7> The Green Party of Pennsylvania has the burst onto politicalvsense in 2001 with unprecedented energy and vigor and Green voter registration has more than quadrupled.8、Before he went to university,Peince William had gone off to the jungles of South America and worked on rather obscure farms in England.9> More often than not ° we tend to get stressed and disturbed by lifet endless ups and downs- You have the choice toremain the same or change it to your advantage.10、Following the terrrorist attacks,there have been reports of beating and killings ofArabs.As an African AmericanJ am outraged by the single'ing out of Arab Americans and Muslims.Lesson 7A.1、Upon hearing these critical remarks ,he was in a complete state of bewildennentand did not know what to do next.A astonishmentB frustrationC depressionD Demlexity2、For many women .the hairowing prospect of giving evidence in a rape case canbe too much to bear.A promisingB embarrassingC hauntingD upsetting3、The companydisappointing sales figures are an ominous sign of worse thing tocome.A disgracefulB disgustingC scandalousD threatening4、He said that people are too obsessed with utopian visions that nevercome.instead of thinking of the quality of life now.A promisingB unrealisticC unbelievableD unprecedented5、We eliminated the possibility that it could have been an accident because it wasso well timed.A elicitedB despisedC removedD elevated6、Things would never change if people weren't prepared to experiment with newteaching methods.A endeavorB campaignC swerveD try7、The national interest is most important than the sectional and personal interestsof individual politicians.A segregatedB factionalC inviolableD dismantled8> Despite differences in background and outlook,their partnership was based onmutual respect.trust and understanding.A unilateralB reciDrocalC obligatoryD optional9、Desirous of knowing something about the operations J stood and watched thespectacle.A desDerate forB desirable ofC detached fromD deprived of10> He spoke eloauently with the self-effacing humor that endeared him to theAmerican press.A elegantlyB persuasivelyC arrogantlyD expressivelyB.Go all out believe in boil down to trample in pursuit ofContend in the final analysis transcend justify be born of1、His arrogance is born of a conviction that he is a superior being with better education and family backgrounds.2、The investigation term promised to go all out to find out about the cause of the accident in the shortest possible time.3^ The results of the study have certainly justified the huge amout the money that was spent on this long-term project.4、Having read these touching stories,you will certainly believe in (he fundamental goodness of human nuture.5、Fortunately the acting and photography are so good that they somehow manage to transcend the limitations of the film^eplot.6、For Malcolm what matters most in his life could always be boil down to one idea:being good in business.7、What distinguishes all the species of plants and animals is, in the finalanalysis ,differences in the way carbon atoms choose to bond?8> Several people were tranwled to death when the stadium collapsed and the crowd rushed out onto the football pitch.9、The lawyer contented in court that her client had never been near the sence of the crime.10N The company has been in Dursuit of Holton for some timeout so far he has rejected all their offers.Lesson 9A.1、When she arose to speak in their assemblies ,her commanding figure anddignified manners ____ e very trifler into silence.A rushedB hushedC cashedD pushed2、In many of his paintings of towns,harbors,and rivers ,marquet showed aparticular gift for simplification that seized _____ upon the essentials in thescene before him.A unexpectedlyB unavoidablyC unerringlyD unbelievably3、The old gentleman was so much immersed in business ,that he was unable to___ much attention upon me>A bestowB bewilderC bewareD betray4、The most famous _____ w hiteface clown is felix adler,who performed in theearly and mid-20lh century?A picturesqueB uniqueC techniqueD grotesaue5、By the 1st century B.C,roman power was growing and greek influence hadbegun to _____ .A waneB waverC weaveD warp6、To starboard ,at hurghada,behind _____ r anks of coral reefs Jay the importantmarine biological station of the university of Egypt.A severeB serriedC seducedD sentimental7、At first,the downturn was confined to industries most sensitive to highinterest rates.but ______ ,the loss of income in these areas had a ripple effectthroughout the economy.A inexorablyB intensivelyC inevitablyD infinitely8、The puppet theater combines three elements:the puppets;the chanters whosing and ___ for the puppets;and the players of the three-stringedinstrument.A declineB reclaimC declaimD proclaim9、This is your daily life; to me it is like a scene from a play,over which onesighs to see the curtain fall-all _____ ,all light ,all happiness.A cnchantmcntB engagementC enlargementD endurance2、The male cricket produce his courtship song by rubbinga grooved ridge on the enderside of one of his front wings against the sharp edge of the other front wing.3、Early ballpoint pens did not write well.they tended to ship,and the slow ?drying oil-based ink smudge easily.4、 In August.the enemy's drive against the city,which had been stalled by floods in late June and July, was renewed. 5^ Inan ionic substance ,the positive ion often tugs at the electrons on the negative ion.6^ The risk of a heart attack for patients with a history of heart problems goes up by 35-50 percent during the winter months ,so doctors warm heart patients stay clear of the cold.7、 Last month, protected CDs with technology designed to discourage customers form making copies on their PCs quietly slipped into stores.8、On January 21,2001,thousands of people cowded into the National Mall to be witness to the inauguration of the 43rd President George W.Bush.9、 In low visibility ,the diver never knows what he will find on any dive and may suddenly see a huge ship loom up out of the underwater fog. 10> Insidde the airport hundreds of passengers are still stranding by thesnowstorm.Lesson 12A.1、The explosion sent pieces of metal and glass ____ through the air.A walkingB flashingC huillingD struggling2^ I could make out a dark figure in the _____ . A btighness B clearance C faintness D twilight3、 Put the fish in the _____ a nd itHl only take 5 minutes. A microphone B microwave C silicon D chip4、 As you get older your bones become increasingly ____ .A brittleB brilliantC brightenedD bleachable5^ It's often cheaper if you buy wallpaper _____ ，rather than having to order it. A off the shelf B out of date C custom-fitted D off-cuts 6^ A close inspection revesled minute cracks in the aircraft's _ and wings.A faceB interfaceC fuselageD fuse7^ He was interested in ____ when he was only a child,beacuse he wantedd to be an 10、“it was really rural when we moved here,^says Stanley.^but these newcomers the rural atmosphere/' C ratifying are A justifying B citifying D simplifyingB.Strand swoop loom up Smudge stall tug atcrowd intostay clear of cricket slipped into Sudden gestures would drive sharks away for a moment ,but they came back almost at once.If we turned our backs to them,they would swoop at our legs.1、A outskirtB circumstanceC aerospaceD suburb8、I heard a massive explosion and ground __ beneath me .A hoppedB shudderedC enduredD paralyzed9、In his twenty years working for the company Joe Pearsonmade a(n) / impression on it.A inexcusableB indelibleC consumableD conclusive10、_____ is a row of black lines on something you buy,that a computer reads to find the price.A BarcodeB JetlagC PostcodeD PricelistB.Keep track seek to live with back and forth come close toIn a sense be up in the air despite consolidate into worry about1、After years and years of hard work.he was finally come colse to achieving his goals.2> He consilidated his business into one large company.3^ She had understood nothing,nor had she sought to understand.4、In a sense _______ , he's right by sauing that everybody isa studen匸5^ Our plans for the summer are up in the air .Noboby is sure what is going to happen.6> He changes jobs so often—I find it hard to keep track of what is going to happen.7、She's always worrying about her son,who isn't on good terms with his playmates. 8^ Fm still pleased with the house despite all the problems we've had.9^ They discussed it back and for it hout getting very far.10、It\ a problem she's going to have to live with ,Lesson 41 、Bill Clinton was hard to miss in the autumn of 1970. He arrived at Yale Law School looking more like a Viking than a Rhodes Scholar returning from two years at Oxford.. He was tall and handsome somewhere beneath that reddish brown beard and curly mane of hai匚He also had a vitality that seemed to shoot out of his pores.1970年秋天，你想不注意比尔■克林顿也不容易。
研究生英语阅读教程(提高级-第三版)-教学课件Lesson-10
Background Information
and used logic and reasoning to support his points. By the Way, BTW: “St.” in this context means “Saint”, a holy and virtuous person. It sometimes is used in lower case, saint, to a Christian believer. – Not to be confused in other contexts with “Street,” as in Broadway St., Broadway Street.
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Background Information
Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
English physicist, mathematician, and natural philosopher, considered one of the most important scientists of all time. He formulated laws of universal gravitation and motion— laws that explain how objects move on Earth as well as through the heavens.
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Background Information
Empedocles (490 BC?-430 BC) Greek philosopher, statesman, and poet.
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Background Information
Karl Popper ( 1902-1994 ) Austrian-born British philosopher of science, known for his theory of scientific method and criticism of historical determinism.
(完整版)研究生英语阅读教程第三版课文Lesson1
Lesson 1 Spillonomics: Underestimating Risk[1] In retrospect, the pattern seems clear. Years before the Deepwater Horizon rig blew, BP was developing a reputation as an oil company that took safety risks to save money. An explosion at a Texas refinery killed 15 workers in 2005, and federal regulators and a panel led by James A. BakerⅢ, the former secretary of state, said that cost cutting was partly to blame. The next year, a corroded pipeline in Alaska poured oil into Prudhoe Bay. None other than Joe Barton, a Republican congressman from Texas and a global-warming skeptic, upbraided BP managers for their “seeming indifference to safety and environmental issues”.[2] Much of this indifference stemmed from an obsession with profits, come what may. But there also appears to have been another factor, one more universally human, at work. The people running BP did a dreadful job of estimating the true chances of events that seemed unlikely—but that would bring enormous costs.[3] Perhaps the easiest way to see this is to consider what BP executives must be thinking today. Surely, given the expense of the clean-up and the hit to BP’s reputation, the executives wish they could go back and spend the extra money to make Deepwater Horizon safer. That they did not suggests that they figured the rig would be fine an itwas.[4]For all the criticism BP executives may deserve, they are far from the only people to struggle with such low-probability, high-cost events. Nearly everyone does. “These are precisely the kinds of events that are hard for us as humans to get our hands around and react to rationally, ”Robert N. Stavins, an environmental economist at Harvard, says. We make two basic—and opposite—types of mistakes. When an event is difficult to imagine, we tend to underestimate its likelihood. This is the proverbial black swan. Most of the people running Deepwater Horizon probably never had a rig explode on them. So they assumed it would not happen , at least not to them.[5] Similarly, Ben Bernanke and Alan Greenspan liked to argue, not so long ago, that the national real estate market was not in a bubble because it had never been in one before. Wall Street traders took the same view and built mathematical models that did not allow for the possibility that house prices would decline. And may home buyers signed up for unaffordable mortgages, believing they could refinance or sell the house once its price rose. That’s what house prices did, it seemed.[6]On the other hand, when an unlikely event is all too easy to imagine, we often go in the opposite direction and overestimate the odds. After the 9/11 attacks, Americans canceled plane trips and took to the road. There were no terrorist attacks in this country in 2002, yet theadditional driving apparently led to an increase in traffic fatalities.[7]When the stakes are high enough, it falls to government to help its citizens avoid these entirely human errors. The market, left to its own devices, often cannot do so. Yet in the case of Deepwater Horizon, government policy actually went the other way. It encouraged BP to underestimate the odds of a catastrophe.[8] In a little-noticed provision in a 1990 law passed after the Exxon Valdez spill, Congress capped a spiller’s liability over and above cleanup costs at $7500 million for a rig spill. Even if the party is on the hook for only $7500 million. (In this instance, BP has agreed to waive the cap for claims it deems legitimate. ) Michael Greenstone, an M.I.T. economist who runs the Hamilton Project in Washington, says the law fundamentally distorts a company’s decision making. Without the cap, executives would have to weigh the possible revenue from a well against the cost of drilling there and the risk of damage. With the cap, they can largely ignore the potential damage beyond cleanup costs. So they end up drilling wells even in places where the damage can be horrific, like close to a shoreline. To put it another way, human frailty helped BP’s executives underestimate the chance of a low-probability, high-cost event. Federal law helped them underestimate the costs.[9] In the wake of Deepwater Horizon, Congress and Obama administration will no doubt be tempted to pass laws meant to reducethe risks of another deep-water disaster. Certainly there are some sensible steps they can take, like lifting the liability cap and freeing regulators from the sway of industry. But it would be foolish to think that the only risks we are still underestimating are the ones that have suddenly become salient.[10]The big financial risk is no longer a housing bubble. Instead, it may be the huge deficits that the growth of Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security will cause in coming years—and the possibility that lender will eventually become nervous about extending credit to Washington. True, some economists and policy makers insist the country should not get worked up about this possibility, because lenders have never soured on the Unite States government before and show no signs of doing so now. but isn’t that reminiscent of the old Bernanke-Greenspan tune about the housing market?[11]Then, of course, there are the greenhouse gases that oil wells ( among other things) send into the atmosphere even when the wells function properly. Scientists say the buildup of these gases is already likely to warm the planet by at least three degrees over the next century and cause droughts, storms and more ice-cap melting. The researcher’s estimates have risen recently, too, and it is also possible the planet could get around 12 degree hotter. That kind of could flood major cities and cause parts of Antarctica to collapse.[12]Nothing like that has ever happened before. Even imagining it is difficult. It is much easier to hope that the odds of such an outcome are vanishingly small. In fact, it’s only natural to have this hope. But that doesn’t make it wise.。
研究生英语阅读教程（提高级-第三版）教师用书.
研究生英语阅读教程（提高级-第三版）教师用书.新编研究生英语系列教程研究生英语阅读教程（提高级/第三版）Lesson 1Spillonomics: Underestimating Risk (1)Lesson 2Humbled by Nature, Humble by Culture (9) Lesson 3How We Broke the Murdoch Scandal (14)Unit Two Reading Biographies and Personal Recollections Lesson 4 BillClinton (21)Lesson 5Steve Jobs (39)Lesson 6 A Beautiful Mind (42)Unit Three Reading EssaysLesson 7 A Christmas Sermon on Peace (57)Lesson 8Left for Dead (64)Lesson 9Spell of the Rising Moon (68)Unit Four Reading Scientific andTechnical ArticlesLesson 10OurPicture of the Universe (74)Lesson 11Mind over Machine (87)Lesson 12 2 Inches Between Life, Death (95)Unit Five Reading Short Stories andNovelsLesson 13Cat in the Rain (101)Lesson 14The Stolen Party (106)Lesson 15 A Summer’s Reading (109)课文全文参考译文 (113)Unit One Reading News ReportsLesson 1Spillonomics: Underestimating RiskKEYS TO EXERCISES. Reading ComprehensionA.1. B (Paragraph 1: Years before the Deepwater Horizon rig blew, BP was developing a reputation as an oil company that took safety risks to save money.)2. C (Paragraph 1: None other than Joe Barton, a Republican congressman from Texas and a global-warmi ng skeptic… none other than: used to emphasize the surprising identity of a person or thing 正是，恰是)3. D (Paragraph 4: For all the criticism BP executives may deserve, they are far from the only people to struggle with such low-probability, high-cost events. Nearly everyone does.)4. B (Paragraph 4: When an event is difficult to imagine, we tend to underestimate its likelihood. This is the proverbial black swan.)5. C (Paragraph 6: After the 9/11 attacks, Americans canceled plane trips and took to the road. There were no terrorist attacks in this country in 2002, yet the additional driving apparently led to an increase in traffic fatalities.)6. B (Paragraph 7: When the stakes are high enough, it falls to government to help its citizens avoid these entirely human errors. The market, left to its own devices, often cannot do so.)7. D (Paragraph 8: Federal law helped them underestimate the costs.)8. A (Paragraph 10: The big financial risk is no longer a housing bubble. Instead, it may be the huge deficits that the growth of Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security will cause in coming years—and the possibility that lenders will eventually become nervous about extending credit to Washington.)9. A (Paragraph 12: Nothing like that has ever happenedbefore. Even imagining it isdifficult. It is much easier to hope that the odds of such an outcome are vanishingly small. In fact, it’s only natural to have this hope. But that doesn’t make it wise.)10. D (The whole text.)B.Reasons BehindWrong Actions Consequences Suggested SolutionsDeepwater HorizonObsession with profits Cost cutting BP should be fully aware ofSafety could not be the potential risks and spendguaranteed more money to make theirHuman weakness Underestimating the risksfacilities safer.Congress and the Obamaadministration should takeA 1990 Congress law put a Federal law helped BPsensible steps, like liftingGovernment policy cap on spiller’s liability for executives underestimatethe liability cap and freeingcleanup cost at $75 million. the costs of damages.regulators from the sway ofindustry.. V ocabularyⅡA.1. C2. B3. C4. B5. A6. D7. D8. D9. C10. AB.1. cap2. In the wake of3. proverbial4. stem from5. odds6. given7. come what may8. Far from9. sway 10. In retrospectⅢ. Cloze1. wisdom2. tend3. shrink4. unexpected5. puzzle6. came up with7. severe 8. altered 9. Regardless of 10. necessarilyⅣ. Translation1. 就连乔·巴顿，对全球变暖持怀疑态度、来自得克萨斯州的共和党众议员，都谴责BP 管理人员“对安全和环境问题表现得漠不关心”。
研究生英语阅读教程(提高级-第三版)-教学课件Lession 6 A Beautiful Mind
Warm-up Questions
I. Listen to an interview and fill in the blanks:
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Warm-up Questions
John Nash & His Beautiful Mind
In the film version of his life, John Nash’s character played by Russell Crow, sees people who really aren’t there. The real John Nash, like most schizophrenics ( 精神分裂症患者),did not imagine people, he heard ________ voices.
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Background Information
His 27-page dissertation, Non-Cooperative Games, written in 1950 when he was 21, would be honored with the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994.
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Background Information
John Forbes Nash, Jr. (born on June 13, 1928) is an American mathematician who worked on game theory （博弈论）, differential geometry（微分几 何） , and partial differential equations（偏微分方程）. He shared the 1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Reinhard Selten and John Harsanyi.
研究生英语阅读教程第三版课文Lesson2
研究生英语阅读教程第三版课文Lesson2Lesson 2Humbled by Nature,Humeble by CultureSusanna Jones[1]The scale of the 11March Japanese earthquake and tsunami is a profound reminder of just how small we human beings are.But it also carries a message of hope about Japan’s long struggle with t he natural world.[2] News reports describe the scenes from northern Japan as being from a horror film. Watching television footage of the events and discussing it with friends, I find the same phrase comes to mind. It is a cliché, as it is to talk of apocalypse and nightmare, but when something is beyond our experience, we reach for the points of reference we have. In Britain, where such vast natural disaster is unknown, perhaps this is the only connection we can make when we see whole communities ripped away by a tsunami, helicopters hovering over raging fires that go on for miles. Warner Brothers has pulled screenings of Clint Eastwood's film Hereafter from cinemas in Japan because of its "inappropriate" tsunami scenes. The horror has become reality and it is hard to comprehend the scale of it.[3] No one could prepare for an earthquake of this magnitude, yet no one was better prepared than the Japanese. The earthquake and tsunami are crucial to understanding Japan's relationship with nature. Throughout history, the Japanese have had to work the land and sea hard to survive and enable communities to thrive.[4] It is unforgiving, mountainous country. Nature brings frequent quakes and typhoons. Lest you should ever forget thesmallness of being human, the iconic Mount Fuji, instantly recognisable yet somehow different on every viewing, is an extinct volcano.[5] This relationship with nature is not all about hardship and fear, as I discovered when I lived in the country for long periods during the Eighties and Nineties. There is celebration, too, tempered with respect. My Japanese teacher used to take out a different set of plates each season, with colours that matched the season's mood: dishes with bands of red and gold in autumn, pink flowers in spring. A mealcontained not only the flavours of a season, but its very atmosphere and the memories that it evoked. In the cities, people wait for and celebrate the cherry blossoms and autumn leaves that spring up from the earth as though to remind us that the concrete and neon are a mere overlay.[6] The Japanese have always lived with the knowledge that natural disaster can occur at any moment and, for the past couple of decades, with the knowledge that an earthquake, "the big one", was due. Small tremors, most of which are harmless, have provided frequent reminders. To be teaching a class, paying a bill at the bank, fast asleep in bed, and then brought to attention because the ground beneath you is shaking, leaves you suspended momentarily. It's a state of uncertainty, humility. Even if you never experience one that pulls the building down around you, the earthquake occupies a part of your imagination, your consciousness.[7] I was living in Japan in 1995 at the time of the Kobe earthquake. More than 6,000 people were killed in the quake and subsequent fires. Just two months later, Aum Shinrikyo, a bizarre religious cult led by Shoko Asahara, left packages containingsarin gas on the Tokyo subway. Twelve people died from the effects of the gas and many more were injured. It surprised me, over the following months that the gas attack seemed to dominate the national media coverage, whereas Kobe, after the initial weeks of horrifying footage, slipped somewhat into the background. The Japanese attitude of being stoical in adversity because shiyou ga nai ("nothing can be done", or "it can't be helped") perhaps goes some way towards explaining this.However, the sarin attack was a new, unexpected kind of terror but it was also something that could be investigated and dissected. and there were people to blame. There were names and photographs. Even though the emergency services in Kobe were criticised for being underprepared and slow to respond to the earthquake, the event itself was inevitable.[8] Kobe was a horror story that people did not want to keep reliving. In the UK we have the luxury of being able to consider, for example, the consequences of global warming through apocalyptic visions of the future in film and theatre, knowing that we'll be all right today and for the near future. In Japan the catastrophe is in the pastand the present and will be in the future. All practical considerations relating to earthquakes---quake-proof buildings, emergency drills-are handled with matter-of-fact efficiency, but the event, when it happens, is often kept at some distance.[9] It will take generations for the north-eastern communities to recover. What will be the effect on Japan as a whole? Rather than immersing ourselves in the language of horror films and the end of the world, when the time is right to try to glimpse this new territory, we might for thought reach for a book by Japan's most popular contemporary novelist. Haruki Murakami's slimcollection of short stories After the Quake, published in English in 2002, was written in response to, but not directly about, the Kobe earthquake. From the painful to the surreal to the gently touching, the anthology presents a series of psychological aftershocks.[10] In "Honey Pie", a small girl has recurring nightmares after watching the disaster footage on television and is soothed by stories from her mother's friend who, in turn, is comforted by his own story. In "Landscape with Flatiron", a man spends his time collecting driftwood for bonfires on the beach. Is this connected with the fires that burned through Kobe? We don't know, but we sense that the earthquake is somewhere underneath it all.[11] Much of the terror is explored through dreams, as though reality is too much to bear or not enough to help. The stories end with hope. It is in Murakami's nature asa writer to be upbeat, but these are plausible glimpses of optimism.[12] There is talk of panic in Tokyo now, but the news I've had from friends there - phone calls, emails, Facebook updates - paints a sombre yet calmer picture. They are worried but not hysterical. At schools around the city, classes continue and students in their final year are having their graduation ceremonies as the academic calendar comes to its end. They are aware of radiation levels from the blasts at the Fukushima nuclear plant and that so far there is no risk to health. They are going about their business, getting on with it.[13] Perhaps not everyone is so calm, why should they be? But we should resist the temptation to imagine panicking hordes buying up all the food and fleeing the capital as the next part of our horror narrative. On Friday 11 March, when the quakeshook Tokyo, a friend was hosting a reading group in her apartment for a group of Japanese women. It was mid-afternoon and, after learning that the trains were not running, she offered bedding for the night to those who had to travel far. Several hours later, nearer midnight, they telephoned to say that they were only ten minutes away from her apartment. There were still no trains, so could they possibly stay the night after all? This is typical, neighbours helping each other, quietly accepting help where it is needed, and not wanting to impose.[14] It may be a long time before we see or understand the long-term effects of these events on Japanese culture. In Japan change tends to happen not dramatically or quickly, but quietly and with small shifts. It seems incongruous that, inthe midst of this great catastrophe, the cherry blossoms will soon be out. And one can hardly begin to imagine how these events will shape the future for the survivors when recovery begins.。
研究生英语阅读教程(提高级 第三版)
课文全文参考译文第一课漏油经济：低估风险戴维伦哈特·[1] 回想起来，模式似乎很清楚。
早在“深水地平线”钻机自爆前的很多年，BP 石油公司为了省钱甘冒安全的风险就已经声名狼藉。
2005 年得克萨斯州炼油厂爆炸中有15 名工人丧生。
联邦监管机构和前国务卿詹姆斯·贝克三世领导的专门小组认为，削减成本是事故的部分原因。
第二年，阿拉斯加腐蚀的管道将石油漏入普拉德霍湾。
就连乔·巴顿，对全球变暖持怀疑态度、来自得克萨斯州的共和党众议员，都谴责BP 管理人员“对安全和环境问题表现得漠不关心”。
[2] 这种冷漠大部分源于对利润的过度追求，不管出现什么情况。
但似乎也还有另一个因素在起作用，一个更普遍的人性的因素。
BP 的管理人员在估计似乎不太可能发生但一旦发生就会带来巨大损失的事件真正会发生的可能性时，犯了一个可怕的错误。
[3] 也许理解这一点最简单的方法就是思考一下BP 高管们如今的想法。
显然，考虑到清理费用和对BP 声誉的影响，高管们真希望可以回到过去，多花些钱让“深水地平线”更安全。
他们没有增加这笔费用就表明他们认为钻机在当时的状态下不会出问题。
[4] 尽管针对BP 高管的所有批评可能都是他们应得的，但是他们绝不是唯一艰难应对这种低概率、高成本事件的人。
几乎每个人都会如此。
“这些正是我们人类处理时很难做出合理反应的一类事件，”哈佛大学环境经济学家罗伯特·斯塔文斯说。
我们经常犯两种基本且性质相反的错误。
当一件事情是很难想象的，我们往往会低估它的可能性。
这就是众所周知的黑天鹅（稀有之物）现象。
大多数在“深水地平线”工作的人可能从未经历过钻井平台爆炸。
因此他们认为这不会发生，至少不会发生在他们身上。
[5] 同样，不久以前，本·伯南克和艾伦·格林斯潘也喜欢称全国房地产市场没有泡沫，因为以前从未有过泡沫。
华尔街交易员也持同样观点，他们建立的数学模型根本不存在房价下降的可能性。
月亮升起来-研究生英语阅读教程第七课
月亮升起来研究生英语阅读教程（提高级/第三版）第七课There is a hill near my home that I often climb at night. The noise of the city is a far-off murmur. In the hush of dark I share the cheerfulness of crickets and the confidence of owls. But it is the drama of the moonrise that I come to see. For that restores in me a quiet and clarity that the city spends too freely.家的附近有座小山。
我常在夜里爬上山去。
那时候，城市的喧嚣只变成远方的低语。
在夜色的沉寂中，蟋蟀们伴我同乐，夜枭也与我交心。
然而，真正令我神往的，却是那美异如戏的月出。
因为，它归予了我内心一份被城市恣意挥霍去的清宁。
From this hill I have watched many moons rise. Each one has its own mood. There have been broad, confident harvest moons in autumn; shy, misty moons in spring; lonely, white winter moons rising into the utter silence of an ink-black sky and smoke-smudged orange moons over the dry fields of summer. Each, like fine music, excited my heart and calmed my soul.在这山上，我看过许多次月出，每次都留予我不同的感受：秋季，获月朗朗，傲然大方；春宵，月色朦胧，娇倩含羞；冬夜，孤月冷寂，皓临苍穹；夏天，月出旱田，橘色如熏。
研究生英语阅读教程(提高版)课后词汇(1、2、4、6、7、8、11、13单元)
Lesson 11、For some ______ reason, she was attracted to Paul, a narrow-minded guy.A. marginalB. inexplicable C mock D boastful2、With major life _______like losing a loved one, for instance, the mind’s first reaction is denial.A premiseB dilemmasC traumasD congregations3、Police keep track of the kidnapper using electronic _______equipment.A surveillanceB pedestrianC fixtureD squad4、They used pressure _______to force them to return, including cutting food and water supplies.A profilesB badgesC mandatesD tactics5、I was _______with longing for those innocent days of early childhood.A overwhelmedB evacuatedC revengedD ensured6、Police said they believed the attack was in _______ for the death of the bombing.A retrospectB desperationC superintendentD retaliation7、He ________hasty note to his wife.A shutteredB snakedC scrawledD strolled8、Capital punishment justifies ________by suggesting that our duty to the survivors of murder is finished when another life is taken.A retributionB bastardC backlashD misconduct9、Meanwhile, here I am in Angus for the first time and am ashamed to admit that I wanted to see some ________ visitors so that the headline for this piece could be “Angus Tourists Bitter”.A disgruntledB unescortedC overreachedD squandered10、Babies lose heat much faster than adults, and are especially _______to the cold in their first month.A spiralB vulnerableC plainclothesD insecureLesson 21、She showed great strength of character in giving up a(n) career in broadcasting to become the unpaid president.A corporateB adaptableC lucrativeD surpassing2、The President and his supporters are almost certain to read this vote as a(n) for continued economic reform.A habitatB mandateC aviationD mission3、Economies have peaks and .A leapsB deficitsC clashesD troughs4、This is not such a view, for it contains echoes of speeches by many leaders.A hereticalB skepticalC vagueD ailing5、It is illegal for public officials to gifts or money in exchange for favors.A absorbB underscoreC drainD solicit6、The newly elected governments is making an attempt to large rural areas of its territory which have become depopulated.A revitalizeB integrateC consolidateD energize7、I had no ,it was the job in cricket and I was supremely confident of making a success of it.A inertiaB proceedingsC expertiseD misgivings8、Three hundred thousand tons of cereals are needed to stocks.A replenishB launchC assembleD append9、The debt problem had resulted in economic and social unrest.A stagnationB inertiaC fractionD squeeze10、Gerald found that his wife was easily bored, and unpredictable.A roboticB capriciousC strategicD longstandingLesson 41. During the lecture all the audience listened to China’s first astronaut with rapt admiration.A obscureB obviousC obligedD obsessed2.Most of her colleagues didn’t like her because she was adept at the fine art of irritating people.A ambitiousB annoyingC skillfulD scornful3.In the schools today we need, more than ever, the training of deft hands, quick eyes and ears, and above all the broader, deeper, higher, culture of gifted minds and pure hearts.A finesseB cleverC delicateD elegant4.At last the judge decided to give the custody of the child to his father.A supervisionB cateringC raisingD fostering5.Denver residents continued to dig out from what was called the worst blizzard in nearly a century.A catastropheB disasterC snowstormD landslide6.After all, the candidate was endorsed by the governor’s board and many of the local party members.A ignoredB rejectedC sponsoredD supported7.His expression gave temporary meaning to a set of features but it was nondescript.A unclearB distinctiveC impliedD ambiguous8.She came home spouting off about the subjects she was taught at school and basked in her teacher’s praise.A pridedB enjoyedC criticizedD narrated9.It was evident that the administrative officials did not believe the excuse that he held forth the delayed deliveryA liedB toldC emphasizedD compiled10. When Frank heard that the war had started, it didn’t sink in for a long time until his father was drafted into the army.A be understoodB be acceptedC be takenD be illustrated1. Plants will lose their when they are heavily trimmed.A voyageB vitalityC vogueD virgin2.It was generally conceded that the net result of the incident was calculated to make Eisenhower mad enough to force him to re-election.A run forB compete inC apply toD line up with3. Mick entered the V ocational High School, and, in order to get to know her new classmates, she a partyA castB launchedC flungD threw4. Alice Moore refused to learn what they required. She couldn’t see the necessity of for those that would only appear in the examinations.A clappingB crammingC clashingD creeping5. The listeners were by his magic eloquence and ready to stand by him in his boldest flights.A agonizedB thrilledC disturbedD interfered6. We remained until our ship was repaired, and after that, we set sail for England, our port being London.A doomedB denotedC despairedD destined7. Seeds of various types—wheat grains, beans, and nuts—form the bulk of human food. But not all seeds are to either humans or insects; many contain toxins.A palatableB primitiveC peculiarD permanent8. Continuing violence could the progress towards reform.A hold onB hold upC hold downD hold off9. A bill passed by both houses in August requires states to set up systems for withholding child support payments from the wages and state tax refunds of those persons.A anonymouslyB autonomouslyC unanimouslyD enormously10 After about an hour all the participants with the regulations and each other.A warmed upB made upC mixed upD wound upLesson 61、Another common use of the tag question is in small talk when the speaker is trying to _________conversation:“Sure is hot here,isn’t it?”A illicitB elicitC solicitD explicit2、Napster says it is delaying the launch of its subscription service yet again, after running into serious problems in its talks with other firms. So here is Napster’s __________:Still not ready.A refrainB renownC restraintD retention3、The path from initial lab work on a drug to final approval of the drug by the Food & Drug Administration is a long and __________process.A hilariousB notoriousC `industriousD laborious4、When I was a child, I always refused to write thank-you notes for birthday presents from a faraway relative. My mother would __________me and say, “Paul, you must learn to be polite.”A glideB slideC abideD chide5、A(a)__________memory may be a good thing, but the ability to forget is the true token of greatness.A attentiveB inattentiveC retentiveD irretentive6、There’s still a great deal of ___________on the weapons of mass destruction, which despite what President Bush and Prime Minister Blair say, have not yet been found.A evidenceB skepticismC knowledgeD consensus7、Even though exercise has many positive benefits, too much can be harmful. Teens who exercise __________are at risk for both physical and psychological problems.A comparativelyB competitivelyC compulsivelyD comprehensively8、Some of the maids were quiet and affectionate. But others were _________, driving the young women crazy by complaining to them all the time.A querulousB fabulousC pretentiousD conscientious9、There is nothing more fascinating than observing citizens of many different nationalities __________and exchanging greetings in an international airport.A singlingB dinglingC jinglingD mingling10、When Dallas police notified the hospital that President Kennedy had been shot, at first, the young neurosurgeon thought it was a_____________.A blankB flankC prankD frankLesson 71.Upon hearing these critical remarks, he was in complete state of bewilderment and did not know what to do next.A astonishmentB frustrationC depressionD perplexity2.For many women, the harrowing prospect of giving evidence in a rape case can be too much to bear.A promisingB embarrassingC hauntingD upsetting3.The company’s disappointing sales figures are an ominous sign of worse thing to come.A disgracefulB disgustingC scandalousD threatening4.He said that people are too obsessed with utopian visions that will never come, instead of thinking of the quality of life now.A promisingB unrealisticC unbelievableD unprecedented5.We eliminated the possibility that it could have been an accident because it was so well timed.A elicitedB despisedC removedD elevated6.Things would never change if people weren’t prepared to experiment with new teaching methods,A endeavorB campaignC swerveD try7.The national interest is more important than the sectional and personal interests of individual politicians.A segregatedB factionalC inviolableD dismantled8.Despite differences in background and outlook, their partnership was based on mutual respect, trust and understanding.A unilateralB reciprocalC obligatoryD optional9.Desirous of knowing something about the operations, I stood and watched the spectacle with great interest.A Desperate forB Desirable ofC Detached fromD Deprived of10.He spoke eloquently with the self-effacing humor that has endeared him to the American press.A elegantlyB persuasivelyC arrogantlyD expressivelyLesson 81.He has already altered several of the proposals in his economic plan to demands of special interests.A includeB accommodateC containD lodge2.The police are still trying to trace the of the house which was destroyed by the big fire caused by the lightning last night.A customersB buildersC occupantsD arsonist3.There are calls from the public for his resignation, but there is no sign yet that he will .A complyB agreeC acceptD compile4.During the accident, one of the passengers suffered bruising and serious cuts. But he received first aid immediately.A blueB blackC nastyD severe5.There have been reports of youths taking advantage of the rampant unrest to and steal.A lootB gambleC smashD break6.She stood up for the first time since the accident and walked towards the nurse standing a few feet away.A steadilyB evenlyC haltinglyD crippled7.You will feel more and optimistic about the future than you have for a long time if you can be of some help to others.A safeB progressiveC occupiedD buoyant8.The lecturer spoke so quietly that he was barely at the back of the big hall.A audibleB progressiveC ignoredD indifferent9.Not knowing which way to take at the cross, he pulled the car over, turned on the light, examined the map carefully.A exteriorB interiorC frontD rear10.Sometimes for no apparent reason she’d run out onto the highway, waving her hands and at the traffic.A shoutedB signaledC screechedD stoppedLesson 111、I am determined never to be ___________from doing my duty by threats.A deterredB bannedC inducedD discharged2、Whisky is such a wonderful liquid. The old man ___________for it; and when he drank it he savored every drop, and afterwards he would feel his soul swimming in indescribable happiness.A yearnedB demandedC justifiedD required3、T he argument is based on such obvious shaky ground that doesn’t require aparticular ______________.A retardB refutationC reformationD retrospect4、We often _________our energies in trivial occupations.A scatterB dispendC dissipateD uplift5、He hoped that the affair could be settled without either of them having ____________to legal proceedings.A optionB recourseC alternativeD assistance6、He claimed to be a democrat, but secretly he ____________for absolute authority.A declaredB assertedC cravedD condemned7、Only when this evil political system has been _____________will it be possible to do away with poverty, unemployment and war.A establishedB innovatedC abolishedD hustled8、She didn’t know the beautiful garden behind the courthouse was ___________property for all to enjoy.A temporalB timorousC salubriousD communal9、The June night was short; but it seemed an _____to those who waited and watched.A exterminationB imbecilityC injunctionD eternity10、On his own _______he was taken part in the robbery.A confessionB pedagogyC theologyD acknowledgementLesson 131. They were brought up in the same city, and they always cherish their friendship.A longstandingB longingC standingD understanding2. Half the people questioned said they were opposed to the militaryA interviewB interventionC interrogationD interest3. The Constitution or the United States is a document.A fierceB inflammableC conservativeD monumental4.The invention of the silicon chip was a in the history of the computer.A signB stopC landmarkD roadmap5.The fact that your application was not successful this time does not the possibility of your applying again next time.A concludeB preludeC includeD exclude6.The certificate had clearly been , because it contained wrong information.A cheatedB misledC falsifiedD flawed7.How can a loving, God permit disease, war and suffering?A opponentB omnipotentC oppressiveD observable8. theory is the hypothesis that in radiation the energy of electrons is discharged not continuously but in certain fixed amounts.A QuantumB QuotientC QuantityD Quality9.For some reason , he’s decided to cancel the project.A inexpensiveB interactingC intactD inexplicable10.Despite his great commercial success he still for critical approval.A yearnsB pullsC accountsD lives。
研究生英语阅读教程(第三版)课后翻译
TranslationLesson11. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。
在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对现存的凯尔特语：爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。
2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。
研究生英语提高3习题及答案
研究生英语阅读教程课后答案Lesson 21. The story about the Brothers Grimm may evoke warm memories of story time in the comforting arms of a parent.A. recallB. createC. releaseD. collect2. One of the secrets of successful travel lies in always turning adversity to your advantage.A. unfamiliarityB. explorationC. pleasureD. difficulties3. The claws of bears may be used to climb trees, rip open nests and beehives, or catch prey.A. clearB. tearC. throwD. dig4. The analysts are dissecting intrusions and other attacks that have breached their computer systems.A. interceptingB. fightingC. analyzingD. discussing5. He spent whole days in his room, headphones on lest he disturb anyone.A. unlessB. whenC. so thatD. in case6. As the unemployment lines lengthened and factories closed, there was talk of apocalypse.A. emergencyB. uncertaintyC. disasterD. reduction7. The odor of the hospital was so unforgiving that every so often she would bring the cloud of white flowers to her nose.A. unexpectedB. uniqueC. impressiveD. terrible8. Critics argue that the lavish park itself is incongruous a country where around half the population lives below the poverty line.A. inappropriateB. creativeC. unnecessaryD. enjoyable9. Many believed optimistically the news would soothe markets, but it seems to have had the opposite effect.A. pushB. misleadC.calmD. discourage10. A stoical person tends to show admirable patience and endurance in the face of adversity without getting upset.A. confidentB. uncomplainingC. unconventionalD. reliable Lesson 4①1. During the lecture all the audience listened to China's first astronaut with rapt admiration.A. obscureB. obviousC. obligedD. obsessed2. Most of her colleagues didn't like her because she was adept at the fine art of irritating people.A. ambitiousB. annoyingC. skillfulD. scornful3. In the schools today we need, more than ever, the training of deft hands, quick eyes and ears, and above all the broader, deeper, higher culture of gifted minds and pure hearts.A. skillfulB. cleverC. delicateD. elegant4. At last the judge decided to give the custody of the child to his father.A. supervisionB. cateringC. raisingD. fostering5. Denver residents continued to dig out from what was called the worst blizzard in nearly a century.A. catastropheB. disasterC. snowstormD. landslide6. After all, the candidate was endorsed governor's board and many of the local party members.A. ignoredB. rejectedC. sponsoredD. supported7. His expression gave temporary meaning to a set of features but it was nondescript．A. unclearB. distinctiveC. impliedD. ambiguous8. She came home spouting off about the subjects she was taught at school and basked in her teacher's praise.A. pridedB. enjoyedC. criticizedD. narrated9. It was evident that the administrative officials did not believe the excuse that he held forth for the delayed delivery.A. liedB. toldC. emphasizedD. compiled10. When Frank heard that the war had started, it didn't sink in for a long time until his father was drafted into the army.A. be understoodB. be acceptedC. be takenD. be illustrated②1. Plants will lose their when they are heavily trimmed.A. voyageB. vitalityC. vogueD. virgin2. It was generally conceded that the net result of the incident was calculated to make Eisenhower mad enough to force him to re-electionA. run forB. compete inC. apply toD. line up with3. Mick entered the V ocational High School, and in order to get to know her new classmates, she ______ a partyA. castB. launchedC. flungD. threw4. Alice Moore refused to learn what they required. She couldn't see the necessity of ______ for those that would only appear in the examinations.A. clappingB. crammingC. clashingD. creeping5. The listeners were _______ by his magic eloquence and ready to stand by him in his boldest flights.A. agonizedB. thrilledC. disturbedD. interfered6. We remained until our ship was repaired, and after that, we set sail for England, our ________ port being London.A. doomedB. denotedC. despairedD. destined7. Seeds of various types-wheat grains, beans, and nuts-form the bulk of human food. But not all seeds are ______ to either humans or insects; many contain toxins.A. palatableB. primitiveC. peculiarD. permanent8. Continuing violence could ________ the progress towards reform.A. hold on B .hold up C.hold down D.hold off9. A bill passed _______ by both houses in August requires states to set up systems for withholding child support payments from the wages and state tax refunds of those persons.A.anonymously B .autonomously C.unanimously D.enormously10. After about an hour all the participants ________ with the regulations and each other.A.warmed up B .made up C.mixed up D.wound upLesson 61. Another common use of the tag question is in small talk when the speaker is trying to _____ conversation: "Sure is hot here, isn't it?"A.illicitB.elicitC.solicitD. explicit2. Napster says it is delaying the launch of its subscription service yet again, after running into serious problems in its talks with other firms. So here is Napster's ________: Still not ready.A.refrainB.renownC.restraintD.retention3. The path from initial lab work on a drug to final approval of the drug by the Food &Drug Administration is a long and ______ process.A. hilariousB. notoriousC. industriousD. laborious4.When I was a child, I always refused to write thank-you notes for birthday presents from a faraway relative. My mother would _ me and say, "Paul, you must learn to be polite."A.glideB.slideC.abideD.chide5. A(n) ________ memory may be a good thing, but the ability to forget is the true token of greatness.A. attentiveB. inattentiveC. retentiveD. irretentive6. There's still a great deal of ______ on the weapons of mass destruction, which despitewhat President Bush and Prime Minister Blair say, have not yet been found.A. evidenceB. skepticismC. knowledgeD. consensus7. Even though exercise has many positive benefits, too much can be harmful. Teens who exerciseare at risk for both physical and psychological problems. A. comparatively B. competitively C. compulsively D. comprehensively8. Some of the maids were quiet and affectionate. But others were _______, driving the young women crazy by complaining to them all the time.A. querulousB. fabulousC. pretentiousD. conscientious9. There is nothing more fascinating than observing citizens of many different nationalities_______and exchanging greetings in an international airport.A. singlingB. dinglingC. jinglingD. mingling10. When Dallas police notified the hospital that President Kennedy had been shot, at first, the young neurosurgeon thought it was a _______.A. blankB. flankC. prankD. frank Lesson 71. Upon hearing these critical remarks, he was in a complete state of bewilderment and did not know what to do next.A. astonishmentB. frustrationC. depressionD. perplexity2. For many women, the harrowing prospect of giving evidence in a rape case can be too much to bear.A. promisingB. embarrassingC. hauntingD. upsetting3. The company's disappointing sales figures are an ominous sign of worse thing to come.A. disgracefulB. disgustingC. scandalousD. threatening4. He said that people are too obsessed with utopian visions that will never come, instead of thinking of the quality of life now.A. promisingB. unrealisticC. unbelievableD. unprecedented5. We eliminated the possibility that it could have been an accident because it was so well timed.A.elicitedB.despisedC.removedD.elevated6. Things would never change if people weren't prepared to experiment with new teaching methods.A. endeavorB. campaignC. swerveD. try7. The national interest is more important than the sectional and personal interests of individual politicians.A. segregatedB. factionalC. inviolableD. dismantled8. Despite differences in background and outlook, their partnership was based on mutual respect, trust and understanding.A. unilateralB. reciprocalC. obligatoryD. optional9. Desirous of knowing something about the operations, I stood and watched the spectacle with great interest.A. Desperate forB. Desirable ofC. Detached fromD. Deprived of10. He spoke eloquently with the self-effacing humor that has endeared him to the American press.A. elegantlyB. persuasivelyC. arrogantlyD. expressivelyLesson 91. When she manners arose to speak in their assemblies, her commanding figure and dignified manners ______ every trifler into silence.A. rushedB. hushedC. cashedD. pushed2. In many of his paintings of towns, harbors, and rivers, Marquet showed a particular gift for simplification that seized ________ upon the essentials in the scene before him.A. unexpectedlyB. unavoidablyC. unerringlyD. unbelievably3. The old gentleman was so much immersed in business, that he was unable to _______ much attention upon me.A. bestowB. bewilderC. bewareD. betray4. The most famous ______ whiteface clown is Felix Adler, who performed in the early andmid-20th century.A. picturesqueB. uniqueC. techniqueD. grotesque5. By the 1st century B.C., Roman power was growing and Greek influence had begun toA. waneB. waverC. weaveD. warp6. To starboard, at Hurghada, behind ______ ranks of coral reefs, lay the important Marine Biological Station of the University of Egypt.A. severeB. serriedC. seducedD. sentimental7. At first, the downturn was confined to industries most sensitive to high interest rates. But ____, the loss of income in these areas had a ripple effect throughout the economy.A. inexorablyB. intensivelyC. inevitablyD. infinitely8. The puppet theater combines three elements: the puppets; the chanters who sing and ______for the puppets; and the players of the three-stringed instrument.A. declineB. reclaimC. declaimD. proclaim9. This is your daily life; to me it is like a scene from a play, over which one sighs to see the curtain fall-all _______, all light, all happiness.A. enchantmentB. engagementC. enlargementD. endurance10. "It was really rural when we moved here," says Stanley. "But these newcomers are _______ the rural atmosphere."A.justifyingB. citifyingC. ratifyingD. simplifyingLesson 111. The supporters of GM foods say that it should be possible to make foods that are less likely to trigger allergies.A. preventB. reduceC. causeD. transfer2. The relationship between men and their cars would terminate in the event of irreparable mechanical breakdown (equivalent to the death of a spouse) .A. endB. declineC. failD. proceed3. The combination of miscommunication, ignored warnings and general hubris is virtually guaranteed disaster.A. misunderstandingB. misconductC. angerD. arrogance4. Despite an occasional glimmer of hope, this campaign has not produced any results.A. proofB. indicationC. releaseD. consequence5. These kids had been further insulated by their wealthy families from reality with the privilege that money could buy.A. protectedB. awokenC. coveredD. isolated6. I found myself constantly pondering the question: "How could anyone do these things?"A. arguingB. answeringC. repeatingD. considering7. Interactive technology augments traditional methods with new and yet-to-be invented collaboration tools ranging from e-mail to Web109S to digital video to peer-to-peer systems.A. communicationB. entertainmentC. cooperationD. improvement8. For people who feel too intimidated or shy to ask questions during class, the Internet creates a "safe environment" to speak their mind. Online, nobody knows who you are.A. frightenedB. frustratedC. depressedD. disappointed9. On this day after September 11, most planes were still grounded; the skies were eerily quiet.A. particularlyB. unusuallyC. mysteriouslyD. pleasantly10. Considered by many archaeologists to be the first human civilization, Sumer has yielded many huge stone carvings. Deciphered, they described "gods" who came from another planet in flying machines.A. InspiredB. InterpretedC. ImprovedD. ImplantedLesson 131. In the Renaissance, fresco painting on walls and ceilings largely gave way to ______ painting in oils, but wall painting returned to popularity in the 20th century.A. eraB. easelC. earnestD. echo2. White marble busts of Shakespeare, Dickens, Hawthorne and Irving _______ through the trailing ivy from the various comers.A. glistenedB. glancedC. glaredD. glided3. As Hank ventured this last remark in a cautious manner, he scraped the _______ of the walk with one foot while he slyly noted the reception of his venture by an upward cast of his eye.A. cliffB. curbC. gravelD. glamour4. They had an air of dignity and independence in their manners, which formed a striking contrast to the _______ and servile appearance of the Slave.A. erectingB. straightC. proudD. crouching5. The sun coming down the heavens was scattering its beams full and fair against the vine clad ________and windows.A. hutB. ceilingC. eavesD. beam6. Drunkenness is temporary suicide; the happiness that it brings is merely negative, a _____ cessation of unhappiness.A. momentousB. momentaryC. momentumD. monetary7. Though he looked thin and weak, he could run _____ fast in the 1,000 meters race.A. darnedB. diligentC. deviousD. dizzy8. He was seated in the rear lobby, _______by cushions in a comfortable rocking-chair.A. took upB. propped upC. brought upD. set up9. The darkness came very early. Then the electric lights ________.A. turned onB. got onC. took onD. came on10. All of us were very surprised to find that they had completed the difficult task in ______haste.A. fatalB. perishedC.deadlyD. passed二、翻译题Lesson21、It is a cliche,as it is to take of apocalypse and nightmare, but when something is beyond our experience,we reach for the points of reference we have.说到世界末日和噩梦又是老生常谈，但是当事情超出我们的经验时，我们总会寻找现有的东西作为参照。
研究生英语阅读教程(提高级_第三版)翻译
Lesson 21、It is a cliche,as it is to take of apocalypse and nightmare, but when something is beyondour experience,we reach for the points of reference we have.说到世界末日和噩梦又是老生常谈，但是当事情超出我们的经验时，我们总会寻找现有的东西作为参照。
2、Lest you should ever forget the smallness of being human, the iconic Mount Fuji, instantly recognizable yet somehow different on every viewing is an extinct volcano.唯恐你会忘记作为人类的渺小，标志性的富士山，一眼即能认出但不知何故每次观看又呈现出不同景象，就是一座死火山。
3、It surprised me, over the following months that the gas attack seemed to dominate thenational media coverage, whereas Kobe, after the initial weeks of horrifying footage, slipped somewhat into the background.在随后的几个月里，让我吃惊的是毒气攻击似乎占据了国家媒体报道的主要内容，而神户大地震经过了最初几周骇人听闻的电视报道后，已经退居次位了。
4、Rather than immersing ourselves in the language of horror films and the end of the world,when the time is right to try to glimpse this new territory, we might for thought reach fora book by Japan’s most popular contemporary novelist.我们不能沉浸在恐怖片和世界末日的语言中，在合适的时间，如果想要了解这一新的领域，我们可以考虑看看日本最流行的现代小说家的一本书。
研究生英语阅读教程(第三版)英语课后答案
2. Any time, it seems, that we set out aggressively to get something we want, we meet up with anxiety. And it’s going to be our traveling companion, at least part of the way, into any new venture.
良药苦口，但是我想病人需要它。有时，生 活会像一块砖头击中你的脑袋，但不要失去 信心。
4. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart. 我知道，“ 记住你即将死去”是避免掉进患 得患失陷阱的最佳办法。你已经什么都没有 了,你根本没有任何理由不去听从自己的心声。
4. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most exotic of places, without guides or even advanced bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.
Lesson 2
• • • • VocabularyA. 1. C 2. D 3. A 6. C 7. B 8. A II. Cloze
研究生英语提高3习题及答案
研究生英语阅读教程课后答案Lesson 21. The story about the Brothers Grimm may evoke warm memories of story time in the comforting arms of a parent.A. recallB. createC. releaseD. collect2. One of the secrets of successful travel lies in always turning adversity to your advantage.A. unfamiliarityB. explorationC. pleasureD. difficulties3. The claws of bears may be used to climb trees, rip open nests and beehives, or catch prey.A. clearB. tearC. throwD. dig4. The analysts are dissecting intrusions and other attacks that have breached their computer systems.A. interceptingB. fightingC. analyzingD. discussing5. He spent whole days in his room, headphones on lest he disturb anyone.A. unlessB. whenC. so thatD. in case6. As the unemployment lines lengthened and factories closed, there was talk of apocalypse.A. emergencyB. uncertaintyC. disasterD. reduction7. The odor of the hospital was so unforgiving that every so often she would bring the cloud of white flowers to her nose.A. unexpectedB. uniqueC. impressiveD. terrible8. Critics argue that the lavish park itself is incongruous a country where around half the population lives below the poverty line.A. inappropriateB. creativeC. unnecessaryD. enjoyable9. Many believed optimistically the news would soothe markets, but it seems to have had the opposite effect.A. pushB. misleadC.calmD. discourage10. A stoical person tends to show admirable patience and endurance in the face of adversity without getting upset.A. confidentB. uncomplainingC. unconventionalD. reliable Lesson 4①1. During the lecture all the audience listened to China's first astronaut with rapt admiration.A. obscureB. obviousC. obligedD. obsessed2. Most of her colleagues didn't like her because she was adept at the fine art of irritating people.A. ambitiousB. annoyingC. skillfulD. scornful3. In the schools today we need, more than ever, the training of deft hands, quick eyes and ears, and above all the broader, deeper, higher culture of gifted minds and pure hearts.A. skillfulB. cleverC. delicateD. elegant4. At last the judge decided to give the custody of the child to his father.A. supervisionB. cateringC. raisingD. fostering5. Denver residents continued to dig out from what was called the worst blizzard in nearly a century.A. catastropheB. disasterC. snowstormD. landslide6. After all, the candidate was endorsed governor's board and many of the local party members.A. ignoredB. rejectedC. sponsoredD. supported7. His expression gave temporary meaning to a set of features but it was nondescript．A. unclearB. distinctiveC. impliedD. ambiguous8. She came home spouting off about the subjects she was taught at school and basked in her teacher's praise.A. pridedB. enjoyedC. criticizedD. narrated9. It was evident that the administrative officials did not believe the excuse that he held forth for the delayed delivery.A. liedB. toldC. emphasizedD. compiled10. When Frank heard that the war had started, it didn't sink in for a long time until his father was drafted into the army.A. be understoodB. be acceptedC. be takenD. be illustrated②1. Plants will lose their when they are heavily trimmed.A. voyageB. vitalityC. vogueD. virgin2. It was generally conceded that the net result of the incident was calculated to make Eisenhower mad enough to force him to re-electionA. run forB. compete inC. apply toD. line up with3. Mick entered the V ocational High School, and in order to get to know her new classmates, she ______ a partyA. castB. launchedC. flungD. threw4. Alice Moore refused to learn what they required. She couldn't see the necessity of ______ for those that would only appear in the examinations.A. clappingB. crammingC. clashingD. creeping5. The listeners were _______ by his magic eloquence and ready to stand by him in his boldest flights.A. agonizedB. thrilledC. disturbedD. interfered6. We remained until our ship was repaired, and after that, we set sail for England, our ________ port being London.A. doomedB. denotedC. despairedD. destined7. Seeds of various types-wheat grains, beans, and nuts-form the bulk of human food. But not all seeds are ______ to either humans or insects; many contain toxins.A. palatableB. primitiveC. peculiarD. permanent8. Continuing violence could ________ the progress towards reform.A. hold on B .hold up C.hold down D.hold off9. A bill passed _______ by both houses in August requires states to set up systems for withholding child support payments from the wages and state tax refunds of those persons.A.anonymously B .autonomously C.unanimously D.enormously10. After about an hour all the participants ________ with the regulations and each other.A.warmed up B .made up C.mixed up D.wound upLesson 61. Another common use of the tag question is in small talk when the speaker is trying to _____ conversation: "Sure is hot here, isn't it?"A.illicitB.elicitC.solicitD. explicit2. Napster says it is delaying the launch of its subscription service yet again, after running into serious problems in its talks with other firms. So here is Napster's ________: Still not ready.A.refrainB.renownC.restraintD.retention3. The path from initial lab work on a drug to final approval of the drug by the Food &Drug Administration is a long and ______ process.A. hilariousB. notoriousC. industriousD. laborious4.When I was a child, I always refused to write thank-you notes for birthday presents from a faraway relative. My mother would _ me and say, "Paul, you must learn to be polite."A.glideB.slideC.abideD.chide5. A(n) ________ memory may be a good thing, but the ability to forget is the true token of greatness.A. attentiveB. inattentiveC. retentiveD. irretentive6. There's still a great deal of ______ on the weapons of mass destruction, which despitewhat President Bush and Prime Minister Blair say, have not yet been found.A. evidenceB. skepticismC. knowledgeD. consensus7. Even though exercise has many positive benefits, too much can be harmful. Teens who exerciseare at risk for both physical and psychological problems. A. comparatively B. competitively C. compulsively D. comprehensively8. Some of the maids were quiet and affectionate. But others were _______, driving the young women crazy by complaining to them all the time.A. querulousB. fabulousC. pretentiousD. conscientious9. There is nothing more fascinating than observing citizens of many different nationalities_______and exchanging greetings in an international airport.A. singlingB. dinglingC. jinglingD. mingling10. When Dallas police notified the hospital that President Kennedy had been shot, at first, the young neurosurgeon thought it was a _______.A. blankB. flankC. prankD. frank Lesson 71. Upon hearing these critical remarks, he was in a complete state of bewilderment and did not know what to do next.A. astonishmentB. frustrationC. depressionD. perplexity2. For many women, the harrowing prospect of giving evidence in a rape case can be too much to bear.A. promisingB. embarrassingC. hauntingD. upsetting3. The company's disappointing sales figures are an ominous sign of worse thing to come.A. disgracefulB. disgustingC. scandalousD. threatening4. He said that people are too obsessed with utopian visions that will never come, instead of thinking of the quality of life now.A. promisingB. unrealisticC. unbelievableD. unprecedented5. We eliminated the possibility that it could have been an accident because it was so well timed.A.elicitedB.despisedC.removedD.elevated6. Things would never change if people weren't prepared to experiment with new teaching methods.A. endeavorB. campaignC. swerveD. try7. The national interest is more important than the sectional and personal interests of individual politicians.A. segregatedB. factionalC. inviolableD. dismantled8. Despite differences in background and outlook, their partnership was based on mutual respect, trust and understanding.A. unilateralB. reciprocalC. obligatoryD. optional9. Desirous of knowing something about the operations, I stood and watched the spectacle with great interest.A. Desperate forB. Desirable ofC. Detached fromD. Deprived of10. He spoke eloquently with the self-effacing humor that has endeared him to the American press.A. elegantlyB. persuasivelyC. arrogantlyD. expressivelyLesson 91. When she manners arose to speak in their assemblies, her commanding figure and dignified manners ______ every trifler into silence.A. rushedB. hushedC. cashedD. pushed2. In many of his paintings of towns, harbors, and rivers, Marquet showed a particular gift for simplification that seized ________ upon the essentials in the scene before him.A. unexpectedlyB. unavoidablyC. unerringlyD. unbelievably3. The old gentleman was so much immersed in business, that he was unable to _______ much attention upon me.A. bestowB. bewilderC. bewareD. betray4. The most famous ______ whiteface clown is Felix Adler, who performed in the early andmid-20th century.A. picturesqueB. uniqueC. techniqueD. grotesque5. By the 1st century B.C., Roman power was growing and Greek influence had begun toA. waneB. waverC. weaveD. warp6. To starboard, at Hurghada, behind ______ ranks of coral reefs, lay the important Marine Biological Station of the University of Egypt.A. severeB. serriedC. seducedD. sentimental7. At first, the downturn was confined to industries most sensitive to high interest rates. But ____, the loss of income in these areas had a ripple effect throughout the economy.A. inexorablyB. intensivelyC. inevitablyD. infinitely8. The puppet theater combines three elements: the puppets; the chanters who sing and ______for the puppets; and the players of the three-stringed instrument.A. declineB. reclaimC. declaimD. proclaim9. This is your daily life; to me it is like a scene from a play, over which one sighs to see the curtain fall-all _______, all light, all happiness.A. enchantmentB. engagementC. enlargementD. endurance10. "It was really rural when we moved here," says Stanley. "But these newcomers are _______ the rural atmosphere."A.justifyingB. citifyingC. ratifyingD. simplifyingLesson 111. The supporters of GM foods say that it should be possible to make foods that are less likely to trigger allergies.A. preventB. reduceC. causeD. transfer2. The relationship between men and their cars would terminate in the event of irreparable mechanical breakdown (equivalent to the death of a spouse) .A. endB. declineC. failD. proceed3. The combination of miscommunication, ignored warnings and general hubris is virtually guaranteed disaster.A. misunderstandingB. misconductC. angerD. arrogance4. Despite an occasional glimmer of hope, this campaign has not produced any results.A. proofB. indicationC. releaseD. consequence5. These kids had been further insulated by their wealthy families from reality with the privilege that money could buy.A. protectedB. awokenC. coveredD. isolated6. I found myself constantly pondering the question: "How could anyone do these things?"A. arguingB. answeringC. repeatingD. considering7. Interactive technology augments traditional methods with new and yet-to-be invented collaboration tools ranging from e-mail to Web109S to digital video to peer-to-peer systems.A. communicationB. entertainmentC. cooperationD. improvement8. For people who feel too intimidated or shy to ask questions during class, the Internet creates a "safe environment" to speak their mind. Online, nobody knows who you are.A. frightenedB. frustratedC. depressedD. disappointed9. On this day after September 11, most planes were still grounded; the skies were eerily quiet.A. particularlyB. unusuallyC. mysteriouslyD. pleasantly10. Considered by many archaeologists to be the first human civilization, Sumer has yielded many huge stone carvings. Deciphered, they described "gods" who came from another planet in flying machines.A. InspiredB. InterpretedC. ImprovedD. ImplantedLesson 131. In the Renaissance, fresco painting on walls and ceilings largely gave way to ______ painting in oils, but wall painting returned to popularity in the 20th century.A. eraB. easelC. earnestD. echo2. White marble busts of Shakespeare, Dickens, Hawthorne and Irving _______ through the trailing ivy from the various comers.A. glistenedB. glancedC. glaredD. glided3. As Hank ventured this last remark in a cautious manner, he scraped the _______ of the walk with one foot while he slyly noted the reception of his venture by an upward cast of his eye.A. cliffB. curbC. gravelD. glamour4. They had an air of dignity and independence in their manners, which formed a striking contrast to the _______ and servile appearance of the Slave.A. erectingB. straightC. proudD. crouching5. The sun coming down the heavens was scattering its beams full and fair against the vine clad ________and windows.A. hutB. ceilingC. eavesD. beam6. Drunkenness is temporary suicide; the happiness that it brings is merely negative, a _____ cessation of unhappiness.A. momentousB. momentaryC. momentumD. monetary7. Though he looked thin and weak, he could run _____ fast in the 1,000 meters race.A. darnedB. diligentC. deviousD. dizzy8. He was seated in the rear lobby, _______by cushions in a comfortable rocking-chair.A. took upB. propped upC. brought upD. set up9. The darkness came very early. Then the electric lights ________.A. turned onB. got onC. took onD. came on10. All of us were very surprised to find that they had completed the difficult task in ______haste.A. fatalB. perishedC.deadlyD. passed二、翻译题Lesson21、It is a cliche,as it is to take of apocalypse and nightmare, but when something is beyond our experience,we reach for the points of reference we have.说到世界末日和噩梦又是老生常谈，但是当事情超出我们的经验时，我们总会寻找现有的东西作为参照。
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课文全文参考译文第一课漏油经济：低估风险戴维伦哈特·[1] 回想起来，模式似乎很清楚。
早在“深水地平线”钻机自爆前的很多年，BP 石油公司为了省钱甘冒安全的风险就已经声名狼藉。
2005 年得克萨斯州炼油厂爆炸中有15 名工人丧生。
联邦监管机构和前国务卿詹姆斯·贝克三世领导的专门小组认为，削减成本是事故的部分原因。
第二年，阿拉斯加腐蚀的管道将石油漏入普拉德霍湾。
就连乔·巴顿，对全球变暖持怀疑态度、来自得克萨斯州的共和党众议员，都谴责BP 管理人员“对安全和环境问题表现得漠不关心”。
[2] 这种冷漠大部分源于对利润的过度追求，不管出现什么情况。
但似乎也还有另一个因素在起作用，一个更普遍的人性的因素。
BP 的管理人员在估计似乎不太可能发生但一旦发生就会带来巨大损失的事件真正会发生的可能性时，犯了一个可怕的错误。
[3] 也许理解这一点最简单的方法就是思考一下BP 高管们如今的想法。
显然，考虑到清理费用和对BP 声誉的影响，高管们真希望可以回到过去，多花些钱让“深水地平线”更安全。
他们没有增加这笔费用就表明他们认为钻机在当时的状态下不会出问题。
[4] 尽管针对BP 高管的所有批评可能都是他们应得的，但是他们绝不是唯一艰难应对这种低概率、高成本事件的人。
几乎每个人都会如此。
“这些正是我们人类处理时很难做出合理反应的一类事件，”哈佛大学环境经济学家罗伯特·斯塔文斯说。
我们经常犯两种基本且性质相反的错误。
当一件事情是很难想象的，我们往往会低估它的可能性。
这就是众所周知的黑天鹅（稀有之物）现象。
大多数在“深水地平线”工作的人可能从未经历过钻井平台爆炸。
因此他们认为这不会发生，至少不会发生在他们身上。
[5] 同样，不久以前，本·伯南克和艾伦·格林斯潘也喜欢称全国房地产市场没有泡沫，因为以前从未有过泡沫。
华尔街交易员也持同样观点，他们建立的数学模型根本不存在房价下降的可能性。
许多购房者签订了负担不起的抵押贷款，相信一旦其价格上涨，他们可以再融资或卖掉房子。
看起来房价好像是在上涨。
[6] 另一方面，当一个不太可能发生的事件是很容易想象的，我们经常会走向另一个方向，高估它的可能性。
“9 ·11”恐怖袭击后，美国人取消了飞机旅行，转而驾车上113----------------------- Page 122-----------------------研究生英语阅读教程（提高级第三版）教师用书路。
2002 年在这个国家没有发生恐怖袭击，但更多的驾车出行显然导致了交通死亡人数的增加。
[7] 当风险非常高时，应该由政府负责以帮助避免这些完全人为的错误。
如果让市场自行其是，往往做不到这一点。
然而，在“深水地平线”这件事情上，政府的政策实际上起到了相反的作用。
它助长BP 低估了灾难的可能性。
[8] 埃克森公司瓦尔迪兹漏油事件发生后，在1990 年的一个法案很少引人注意的一项条款中，美国国会将钻机泄漏清理费用的责任上限定为7 500 万美元。
即使对旅游业、渔业等造成的经济损失高达数十亿美元，责任方也仅需要支付7 500 万美元。
（在这种情况下，BP 已同意对它认为合法的索赔，放弃这一上限。
）在华盛顿负责汉密尔顿项目的麻省理工学院经济学家迈克尔·格林斯通说这一法律从根本上扭曲了公司的决策。
如果赔偿没有上限，管理人员就会权衡油井可能的收益以及钻井的成本和损害赔偿的风险。
而有了这个上限，他们就可以在很大程度上忽略清理费用之外的潜在损害赔偿。
所以在损害可能非常可怕的地方，如靠近海岸线的地方，他们也会钻井。
换句话说，人类的弱点使得BP 公司高管低估了低概率、高成本事件的可能性。
而联邦法律则使得他们低估了成本。
[9] 在“深水地平线”之后，美国国会和奥巴马政府毫无疑问希望通过相关法律以减少再次出现“深水地平线”这样的风险。
当然他们可以采取一些明智的做法，如解除责任上限，摆脱石油业对监管人员的影响。
不过，如果认为我们目前仍然低估的只是那些突然间引人注目的风险，那是非常愚蠢的。
[10] 大的金融风险已不再是房地产泡沫。
相反，它可能是医疗保险、医疗救助和社会保障的增长在未来将会导致的巨额赤字，以及贷款人可能最终不愿再向华盛顿扩大信贷。
诚然，一些经济学家和决策者坚持认为国家还不应该考虑如何应对这种可能性，因为贷款人与美国政府的关系从来没有恶化过，也没有迹象显示现在就是这样。
但这是不是让人联想到伯南克和格林斯潘对住房市场的老调呢？[11] 当然，即使油井正常运转时，油井（与其他事物一起）也会向大气中排放温室气体。
科学家们说，这些气体的积累已经可能在下个世纪将地球温度提高至少3 度，并导致干旱、风暴和更多的冰层融化。
最近，研究人员的预测又提高了，地球温度有可能上涨约12 度。
这样的气候变暖可能会在各大城市引起洪灾，并导致南极部分坍塌。
[12] 这样的事情还没有发生过。
即使想象它都是困难的。
更容易做的是希望出现这样结果的可能性微乎其微。
事实上，抱有这样的希望是自然的反应。
但是，这并不代表它是明智的。
第二课俯首于自然，造谦逊的文化苏珊娜琼斯·[1] 3 月11 日日本地震和海啸的巨大规模在深刻地提醒我们，人类是多么渺小。
但它也为日本与自然界的长期斗争传递了希望的消息。
[2] 新闻报道中描述的日本北部地区就像是恐怖片的场景。
看着这些事件的电视画面，114----------------------- Page 123-----------------------课文全文参考译文与朋友讨论时，头脑中总是出现相同的词语。
说到世界末日和噩梦又是老生常谈，但是当事情超出我们的经验时，我们总会寻找现有的东西作为参照。
在英国从未发生过这种巨大规模的自然灾害，因此当我们看到整个社区被海啸吞没、直升机在绵延数英里的大火上盘旋时，世界末日就是我们唯一能想到的与此相关的事件。
华纳兄弟公司已经从电影院撤下克林特·伊斯特伍德执导的电影《来世》，因为其“不合适”的海啸场景。
恐怖已成为现实，而且它的规模已经超出了我们的理解。
[3] 没有人可以为这种规模的地震做好准备，但没有人比日本更有准备。
此次地震和海啸对于了解日本与自然的关系至关重要。
纵观历史，日本一直在努力开垦陆地和海洋以保证生存，并使社会蓬勃发展。
[4] 日本条件恶劣，国内多山。
大自然带来了频繁的地震和台风。
而且唯恐你会忘记作为人类的渺小，标志性的富士山，一眼即能认出但不知何故每次观看又呈现出不同景象，就是一座死火山。
[5] 日本与自然的关系并非都是有关困难和恐惧。
20 世纪80 年代和90 年代我在这个国家住了很长时间，发现这里也有对自然的庆祝，伴随着对它的崇敬。
我的日语老师在每个不同的季节会拿出一套不同的盘子，盘子的颜色与季节匹配：秋季使用带有红色和金色线条的盘子，春季则使用带有粉红色花朵的盘子。
一顿饭中不仅包含了当季的风味，还包含了这个季节特有的氛围和记忆。
在城市中，人们等待和庆祝从土地中长出的盛开的樱花和秋天的红叶，仿佛在提醒我们，混凝土和霓虹灯只不过是表面的装饰物。
[6] 日本人一直接受这样的认识，即自然灾害可能会发生在任何时刻，过去几十年也一直认为地震——“大地震”——总会发生。
小的震动，大部分是无害的，总在不断地提醒人们。
上课的时候，在银行付账的时候，在床上熟睡的时候，脚下的地面开始震动，就会立刻引起你的注意，令你短暂地凝滞不动。
这是一种不确定的状态，使你时刻保持谦恭。
即使你从未经历过能把周围建筑物摧毁这样的大地震，地震都会成为你的想象、你的意识的一部分。
[7]1995 年阪神大地震时我住在日本。
在地震和随后的火灾中有6 000 多人丧生。
仅仅两个月后，麻原彰晃领导的一个奇怪的邪教奥姆真理教，在东京地铁放置了一个内装沙林毒气的背包。
12 人死于毒气，更多的人因此受伤。
在随后的几个月里，让我吃惊的是毒气攻击似乎占据了国家媒体报道的主要内容，而阪神大地震经过了最初几周骇人听闻的电视报道后，已经退居次位了。
日本在逆境中坚忍，也许“什么也做不了”这种态度能够解释这一点。
然而，沙林毒气攻击是一种新的、意料之外的恐怖事件，但它也是可以调查和分析的，也有人会得到谴责。
可以查到姓名和照片。
而阪神大地震中即使有人批评神户的急救服务准备不足、反应迟缓，地震本身却是无法避免的。
[8] 阪神大地震是一个恐怖的事件，没有人会愿意再经历一次。
在英国，我们能够享受这样的奢侈，例如，通过在影院和剧院观看未来世界末日的景象，思考全球变暖的后果，知道我们在现在和不久的将来都会安好无恙。
而在日本，灾难发生在过去、现在，还会发生在将来。
所有与地震有关的注意事项——抗震建筑、应急演练——都会以一种切合实际的效率得到处理，但当灾难发生时，人们却不愿更多提及它。
115----------------------- Page 124-----------------------研究生英语阅读教程（提高级第三版）教师用书[9] 东北地区的恢复需要几代人的时间。
这对日本整体会有什么影响呢？我们不能沉浸在恐怖片和世界末日的语言中；在合适的时间，如果想要了解这一新的领域，我们可以看看日本最流行的现代小说家的一本书。
2002 年村上春树以英文出版的短篇小说集《地震后》，虽然不是直接与地震有关，写的就是对阪神大地震的反应。
从痛苦到超现实到自然感人，小说集描绘了一系列的心理余震。
[10] 在“蜂蜜饼”中，一个小女孩看了电视上的灾难镜头后不断做噩梦，她从母亲朋友的故事中得到安慰，反过来，母亲的朋友也从他自己的故事中获得了安慰。
在“熨斗景观”中，一个人花时间收集浮木用于在沙滩上点燃篝火。
这会与烧毁神户的火灾有关吗？我们无从得知，但我们感到，所有事情里面都有地震的影子。
[11] 恐惧多是通过梦境探索的，仿佛现实难以承受或无法提供帮助。
故事结尾留下了希望。
村上作为一个作家本性是乐观的，但这种乐观是有道理的。
[12] 现在有人在谈论东京的恐慌局面，但我从朋友们那里——通过电话、电子邮件、Facebook——得到的消息描述了一个阴郁但更为平静的画面。
他们会担心，但不会歇斯底里。
在全市各地的学校，课程还在继续，按照校历本学期即将结束，最后一学年的学生们即将举行毕业典礼。
他们知道福岛核电厂爆炸后的辐射水平，也知道到目前为止还没有健康风险。
他们各自忙着自己的事情，继续生活。
[13] 也许不是每个人都那么平静，他们为什么就应该平静呢？但是，我们不应该总想着成群结队恐慌的人们抢空所有食物、逃离首都，把这些当成是恐怖故事的下一个情节。
3 月11 日星期五，地震袭击东京时，一个朋友正在她的公寓组织一些日本女性参加阅读会。
当时正值下午时分，得知列车不能运行后，她向那些远路而来的人提供晚上的住宿。