中考英语 非谓语动词的应用 冀教版

非谓语动词的应用冀教版

一、教学内容：

暑假专版（二）非谓语动词专练

【具体教学内容】

非谓语动词也叫动词的非限定形式，包括动词不定式，v-ing和过去分词。

（一）动词不定式的用法：

1. 作主语：

To learn English well is important.

To eat vegetables can help us keep healthy.

△动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换。

Learning English is important.

Eating vegetables can help us keep healthy.

△动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。

It’s important to learn English.

It can help us keep healthy to eat vegetables.

2. 作表语：

My job is to teach English.

His hobby is to collect stamps.

3. 作宾语：

动词不定式常用作及物动词的宾语，这些动词有：want, begin/start, like/love, forget/remember, learn/teach, decide, wish, hope, agree, plan等。

He wants to go home at once.

I began to play the piano when I was four.

4. 作定语：

I have much work to do.

Do you have anything to say?

Would you like sth. to eat?

It’s a good place to have fun.

△这种不定式与它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果这个不定式是不及物动词，它后面就要有必要的介词。

There is nothing to worry about.

He has no room to live in.

The dog is easy to take care of.

I’d like some paper to write on.

5. 作状语：

I came here to see you. （目的）

I’m sorry to hear that. （原因）

Tom is too young to go to school. （结果）

To get to work, he takes No.7 bus every day. （目的）

6. 作宾语补足语：

宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语是什么或怎么样。带宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。

Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.

Mother told me not to come home late.

I’d like you to meet my family.

△在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词see, hear, watch等动词后的宾语补足语，其不定式的to要省略。而help 后的不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。

Could you please help me (to) do some housework?

I hear him sing every night.

We saw her play the piano last night.

It made me feel sad.

Let him go, please.

7. “疑问词+不定式”结构：

疑问词who, what, when, where, how, which等后接不定式，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语，宾语，表语等。

Where to live is a problem. （主语）

Do you know when to start? （宾语）

The problem is how to use the machine. （表语）

I don’t know to do it. （宾语）

A. what

B. how

（二）v-ing包括动名词和现在分词两种类型。

一）动名词的用法：

1. 作主语：⎪

⎩

⎪

⎨

⎧Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

Watching T V too m uch is bad for your eyes.

P laying w ith fire(火) is dangerous.

2. 作表语：Her favorite is reading.

3. 作宾语：⎪

⎩

⎪

⎨

⎧B efore having breakfast, I had a show er.（介宾结构）

I like shopping. （动宾结构）

T hanks for inviting m e. （介宾结构）

4. 作定语：It’s a reading room.

△running star, living room, eating habit, English-speaking country, Tree-planting Day

5. 有些动词后只能跟动名词而不能跟不定式，这些动词有：

①enjoy, ②stop sb. from doing sth. （阻止某人做某事）

③feel like doing sth. 想要做某事④go doing 去做……

⑤spend…(in) doing 花费……做某事⑥Thanks for doing sth. 因某事感谢某人

⑦have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很有趣/高兴

⑧practice doing sth. 练习做某事⑨finish doing sth. 完成做某事

⑩mind doing sth. 介意做某事(11) be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事

(12) give up doing sth. 放弃做某事(13) can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事

(14) have trouble/problem/a hard time doing sth. 做某事有困难

(15) put off doing sth. 推迟做某事

(16) prefer doing to (介词) doing… 比起……更喜欢……