英语从句的翻译
英语定语从句的翻译(学生)
英语定语从句的翻译一、定语从句的翻译（一）前置法1）Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切的问题。
2）A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.没有年纪相仿的玩伴陪伴的儿童最好就是去幼儿园。
（二）后置法A．重复关系代词所代替的先行词1）They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为理想而奋斗，这个理想关系到每个中国人的心。
过去，许多中国人为之而牺牲。
2）Each team plays ten or eleven games each season which begins in September and ends in November.每队每个季节玩10~11个游戏，游戏从9月开始，11月结束。
B．省略关系代词，把定语从句译成并列谓语3）It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.4）Some of the energy is converted into heat, which helps to maintain our body temperature at about 37℃.C．把关系代词译成人称代词5）We have seen many chemical changes, from which physical changes are different.6）It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.D．当关系代词指整个主句时，应把关系代词译成指示代词“这”7）The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted.8）Salt is crystalized from sea water, which is known to be a physical change.（三）融合法1）There is somebody waiting for you who I think might be one of your friends from your native town.有个人在外面等你，我想这个人可能是你家乡的一位朋友。
三大从句的翻译与特殊句型
By Yolanda
三大从句的翻译方法
• 名词性从句， • 形容词性从句 • 状语从句
名词性从句
• what, how, whether, that, where, when, 引导的名词性从 句,用来做主语，宾语，表语，介 词宾语或者同位语
状语从句
３．Though引导 Though引导的从句可放在主句前，也 可放在主句后面。 翻译不同：在前翻译为“虽然…“、”尽 管．．．”； 在后翻译为“可是”，“不过”，“然而”
状语从句
Thought the task was difficult, they managed to accomplish it in time. 虽然任务艰巨，他们还是设法及时完成了。 He was old and poor, though he was happy 他又老又穷，但过得却快活。
状语从句
• 特殊状语从句 1.That引导 2.Before引导 3.Though引导 4.Because引导 5.Until 引导
状语从句
1.That引导 1）“the+形容词或副词比较级 +that从句” 表示原因。 the act was the bolder that he stood utterly alone.
常翻译为独立的分句，或独立从句
名词性从句与形容词性定语从句
从成分来看： • 名词性从句，做主语，宾语，表语，介词宾 语或者同位语； • 形容词性定语从句，在句子中作定语； 从结构来看： • 名词性从句，前面没有要修饰的名词； • 形容词性定语从句，前面有要修饰的名词。
That名词性从句与that引导的形容词性 定语从句 eg: that you have done such a stupid thing was incredible. eg: I saw the cat 【that caught the rat】 【that ate the grain】 【 that in the house】 【that jack built】.
英语语法：五类状语从句的翻译讲解
英语语法：五类状语从句的翻译讲解一、时间状语从句1. 译成相对应的时间状语1) 与原文顺序一致While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时，泪水直流。
2) 后置改前置Please turn off the light when you leave the room.离屋时请关灯。
2. 译成“刚（一）……就……”的句式When I reached the beach, I collapsed.我一游到海滩，就昏倒了。
3. 译成并列的分句1) 译文前置They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.他还没有交赎金，他们就把他释放了。
2) 后置不变I was about to speak when Mr. Smith cut in.我正想讲，史密斯先生就插嘴了。
二、原因状语从句1. 译成表“因”的分句1) “因”在“果”之前The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱，作物歉收。
2) “果”在“因”之前She could get away with anything, because she looked such a baby.她能渡过任何风险，因为她看上去简直还像娃娃模样。
2. 译成因果偏正复句中的主句Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft.纯铁太软，所以不用在工业上。
Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.他深信这件事准确可靠，所以坚持己见。
3. 译成无关联词的因果关系并列分句Where there is sound, there must be sound waves.哪里有声音，哪里就必有声波。
英语八大从句类型例句
英语八大从句类型例句含翻译1. 名词性从句（Noun Clause）:- Example 1: What she said surprised everyone.Translation: 她说的话让每个人都感到惊讶。
- Example 2: Whether they will come is uncertain.Translation: 他们是否会来是不确定的。
2. 形容词性从句（Adjective Clause）:- Example 1: The girl who is sitting next to me is my sister.Translation: 那个坐在我旁边的女孩是我妹妹。
- Example 2: I like the book that you recommended.Translation: 我喜欢你推荐的那本书。
3. 副词性从句（Adverbial Clause）:- Example 1: I will go to the party if I finish my work.Translation: 如果我完成工作，我将去参加聚会。
- Example 2: She sings well when she is happy.Translation: 她在开心时唱得很好。
4. 定语从句（Relative Clause）:- Example 1: The person who called you is waiting outside.Translation: 给你打电话的人正在外面等着。
- Example 2: The house that we visited yesterday is beautiful.Translation: 我们昨天参观的房子很漂亮。
5. 时间状语从句（Time Adverbial Clause）:- Example 1: We will start as soon as the rain stops.Translation: 一旦雨停，我们就会开始。
英语定语从句翻译
英语定语从句翻译英语定语从句翻译近代史开始时，世界拥有的每一项重大成就，已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。
以下内容是店铺为您精心整理的英语定语从句翻译，欢迎参考！英语定语从句翻译一一主二仆式定语从句是指一个先行词带有两个或两个以上定语从句的情况。
该结构中的定语从句比较规范，均修饰一个先行词，在翻译时，虽然也遵循一般定语从句的翻译技巧和方法，但还有其独特的地方。
归纳起来，有如下几种情况：1）译成定语可以把两个定语从句译成并列的定语，也可译成分开的定语修饰先地词，或分别修饰重复的先行词。
and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power古老的谋生之道正受到新的农业技术、新的贸易、新的行业的挑战；这种新贸易是与世界上一向无人知晓的地区进行的贸易，而种种新行业则是使用一些无需传统的人力畜力驱动、可节省劳动力的奇特机遇。
（并列的定语）Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.近代史开始时，世界拥有的每一项重大成就，已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。
（分开的定语）And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the WesternEuropeans.英语定语从句翻译二定语从句是由一些关系代词或者关系副词引导的从句组成，用来修饰名词中心词。
从句的译法
名词从句的译法英语名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。
翻译这类从句时，大多数可按原文的句序译成对应的汉语，但也还有一些其他处理方法。
一、主语从句（一）以what、whatever、whoever 等代词引导的主语从句翻译时一般可按原文顺序翻译。
1）What he told me was only half-truth.他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。
2）Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave a very deep impression.他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。
二、宾语从句（一）用that, what, how 等引起的宾语从句汉译时一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。
1）I also told him how appealing I found the offer.我也告诉他，这提供的机会对我有多么大的吸引力。
有时可加“说”字，再接下去译原文宾语从句的内容。
1）He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.他再三提醒大家说，决定这件事的不只是他一个人，还有其他许多人。
三、表语从句英语表语从句和宾语从句一样，一般可按原文顺序翻译。
1）What he emphasized over and over again was that no matter how difficult it might be, they should never retreat even for an inch.他所再三强调的是，不管多么困难，他们决不应该后退寸步。
2) That was how a small nation won the victory over a big power.就这样，小国战胜了大国。
英语从句的翻译
(4)The Seller ensure that all the equipment listed in Appendix One to the Contract are brand-new products whose performance shall be in conformity with the Contract and which are manufactured according to current Chinese National Standards or Manufacture’s Standard. 卖方保证本合同附件一所列全部设备都是新 产品，是根据现行的中国国家标准，或生产 厂的标准制造的，其性能符合合同规定。
2、分译法 (1)A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能燃烧并放出 热量。 (2)A healthy diet includes enough but too many kinds of foods that provide the body with the nutrients that it needs to function properly. 健康的饮食包括的食物应该充足但不过多。这 些食物提供身体正常活动所必需的营养。
4thesellerensurelistedinappendixonetothecontractarebrandnewproductsshallbeinconformitywiththecontractandwhicharemanufacturedaccordingcurrentchinesenationalstandardsormanufacturesstandardthatalltheequipmentwhoseperformanceto卖方保证本合同附件一所列全部设备都是新产品是根据现行的中国国家标准或生产厂的标准制造的其性能符合合同规定
英语状语从句的翻译
众多家庭搬出安定的社区，离开交往多年 的朋友，远离大家庭的其他成员, 日常信息 来源就此切断。
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2 原因状语从句的翻译
Since the electrical inventions which Edison had given us were very important, we could not live without them—not for one minute. 爱迪生为我们发明的各种电器太重要了， 我们的生活离不开它们——一刻也离不开。
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要是下雨，咱们就不能步行上那儿去了。
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16.3 条件状语从句的翻译
If I could relive my life, I would lead quite a different life, leaving less regrets. 如果我可以重新过日子, 我会生活得截然不 同，不会留下这么多遗憾。
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3 条件状语从句的翻译
3.1 译成相对应的表条件的分句 If the epidemic cannot be controlled effectively, the whole country will come into chaos. 如果这种流行传染病得不到有效控制, 整个 国家将会陷入一片混乱之中。 We won’t be able to go there on foot in case it rains.
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1 时间状语从句的翻译
One must sow before one can reap. 只有播种，才能有收获。(译成汉语的必要 条件复句的正句。也可根据汉语表达习惯, 译为：一份耕耘，一份收获。) Before manned spacecraft could be sent to space, the problem of getting the spacecraft safely back to earth had to be solved. 为了把载人的宇宙飞船送到太空上去，就 必须解决使飞船安全返回地面的问题。(译 成汉语单句的目的状语)
定语从句翻译
定语从句1.前置合译法（前滚翻）：若定语从句较短，较简单，与先行词（名词）的关系紧密（一般来说，紧密的，为限定性从句；不紧密的，为非限定性从句），限定性定语从句及少部分非限定性从句（较短且有描述性的非限定），一般将从句提在先行词之前，译成“…的” 1）The action it takes at any moment can,t be predicted,and people find that disturbing.分析：后一个that引导宾语从句，指代前面的事情。
翻译：它在任何一个时刻采取的行动都无法预见，这件事使人们感到不安。
2）I was, to borrow from John Le Carre（插入语）,the spy（间谍）who was to stay out in the cold.分析：插入语，作状语，译成汉语时，放在句首翻译：借用约翰.李.卡雷的话来说，我是一名被打入冷宫的间谍。
3）There will come a day when people all over the world will live a happy life.分析：定语从句中含有定语从句，主句是when引导的定语从句，修饰a day 翻译：全世界人民过上幸福生活的那一天（终究）是会到来的。
4）The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.翻译：在他手下干活的员工怕他怕得要死。
5）We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious ill were quite aware of its potential outcome.翻译：给我们留下极深印象的是（同位语的翻译）即使那些没有被告知严重病情的病人，对其疾病的潜在后果也是非常清楚的。
从句的翻译
五ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ定语从句的译法
• 英语定语从句的译法主要涉及到限制性 定语从句的译法和非限制性定语从句的 译法。此外，有些英语定语从句和主句 间还存在着状语关系，对这种定语从句 也值得探讨。
（一）限制性定语从句
• 限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行词起限 制作用，与先行词关系密切，不用逗号 分开。翻译这类句子时往往可以用：
从句的翻译
• 英语中有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从 句、定语从句（含同位语从句）、状语 从句等。
一.主语从句
• （一）以what, whatever, whoever 等代词引导 的主语从句一般按原文语序翻译。 • 1) What he told me really surprised me. • 他所告诉我的着实让我吃惊。 • 2)Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression. • 他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻印象。 • 3) Whoever has traveled in that region must remember the waterfalls. • 凡是到过那个地区的人是一定记得那些瀑布 的
• 3) We have to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. • 我们不得不正视这样一个事实：我们的 前景并不乐观。 • 4) There was the chance that a small electrical spark might lead to a big fire. • 有这样的可能——一 一个小小的电火花 可能引起一场大火。
（二）用it作假宾语的句子， 汉译时that 引起的宾语从句一 般按原文顺序；it不译 。
英语从句翻译方法
英语从句翻译方法-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1英语从句翻译方法英语多从句，汉语多分句：就句子类型而言，英语句子不仅可以在简单句中使用很长的修饰语使句子变长，同时也可以用从句使句子变复杂，而这些从句往往通过从句引导词与主句或其它从句连接，整个句子尽管表面上看错综复杂却是一个整体。
汉语本来就喜欢用短句，加上表达结构相对松散，因此，英译汉时需要将各种英语从句进行处理，可以译成一个汉语单句，也可译成多个汉语分句。
并按照汉语的表达习惯对英语复合句的关联部分（从句引导词）加以逻辑梳理，既分而叙之，又上关下联，承接转换，犹如整容。
一名词性从句的译法名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
下面我们便逐一论述这些名词性从句的翻译方法。
1. 主语从句1) 由what, whatever, whoever等代词引导的主语从句汉译时一般可按原文顺序翻译。
例如：What he said is true.译文：他说的一切都是真的。
Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.译文：谁违犯了纪律，谁就应该受到批评。
2) 由it作形式主语引导的主语从句，翻译时视情况可以提前，也可以不提前。
例如：It doesn't make much difference whether you come yourself or send a substitute.译文：你是自己来还是派代理人来，都无关紧要。
（提前）It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.译文：驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后竟然还活着，这看来是不可想象的。
（提前）It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.译文：这奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。
英语从句的翻译
One cannot read a book without learning something.
开卷有益
2. 定语从句的翻译
• 英语的定语从句，有时起修饰、限制作 用，有时起补充说明的作用，在逻辑上则 可以表示原因、条件、目的、结果等意义。 • 汉语的定语通常放在修饰的名词之前， 而且不宜过长。因此，与汉语相比，英语 的定语从句结构相对复杂，其译法也多种 多样。
• （1）这个方案有创造性， 而且别出心裁，又有 魄力，所以深得他们的喜欢。(原因状语) • There was something original, independent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.
• （2）我们必须给机器的可动部件加油，以 便大大减少摩擦。（目的状语） • We have to oil the moving parts of the machine , the friction of which may be greatly reduced.
• （2）中国有浅海、滩涂总面积约1,333万公顷， 按现在的科学水平， 可进行人工养殖的水面有 260万公顷。(并列分句) • 浅海shallow seas • 滩涂tidelands • 公顷ha • 水产品aquatic products • The shallow seas and tidelands have a total area of 13.33 million ha, of which 2.6 million ha of water surface are suitable for the raising of aquatic products in terms of the current scientific level.
如何翻译从句
如何翻译从句(总8页) -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除名词性从句的翻译英语的名词性从句包括主语从名、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。
翻译的时候，大多数可以按照原文的句子顺序翻译成相应的汉语译文。
但是，有时候，可以采用其他翻译方法来灵活处理。
一、主语从句（一）以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句，在翻译的时候，一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。
What he told me was only half-truth.他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。
Whatever is worth doing should be done well.任何值得做的事情都应该做好。
Whether he comes or not makes no difference.他来不来都没有关系。
When we can begin the expedition is still a question.我们何时才能开始这次考察仍然是悬而未决。
How he is going to do it is a mystery.他准备怎么做这个事情是个迷。
（二）用it作形式主语的主语从句，可以把主语从句放到汉语句子最前面去翻译。
为了强调起见，it一般可以译出来；如果不需要强调，it也可以不译出来。
It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.他参加不参加会议没有多大关系。
（It没有翻译）It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后，竟然还能活着，这看来是不可想象的。
英语中从句翻译法则
1)定语从句翻译法：A)合译法:把定语从句放在被修饰的词语之前，从而将英语复合句翻译成汉语单句。
如:Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that receive U.S. aid.国会公布了关于接受美国援助的105个国家的人权情况调查报告。
B)分译法:根据定语从句的不同情况，我们可以将其翻译成并列分句、其它从句或独立句等。
如:The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats.罢工会使远洋航船不能靠岸，因为他们需要拖船的帮助。
（翻译成原因状语从句）A geological prospecting engineer who had made a spectral analysis of ores discovered a new open-cut coalmine.一位地质勘探工程师对光谱进行了分析之后,发现了新的露天煤矿。
（翻译为时间状语结构）The delivery of public services has tended to be an area where we decorate an obsolete process with technology.公共服务的提供方式已趋陈旧，这正是我们必须采用技术加以装备的领域。
（翻译为并列分句）2)主语从句翻译法A)以that, what, who, where, whatever等代词引导的主语从句，可以将从句翻译成“的”字结构。
如:Whoever breaks the law will be punished.凡是犯法的人都要受到法律的制裁。
（主语从句与主句合译成简单句，按顺序译出）B)也可以译成“主-谓-宾”结构,从句本身做句子的主语，其余部分按原文顺序译出。
从句的翻译
桂林旅游高等专科学校教案第十六讲从句翻译Lecture 16 Clauses一、名词从句的译法(Noun Clause)（一）主语从句(Subject Clause)（引导词that, what, whether, who, when, where, why, how, which, whose, whatever…）（先译主句还是先译从句？whatever等引导的，先译从句；it作形式主语的，视情况而定）1.It is strange that we should meet here.我们能在这里见面，这真是想不到。
（逆译法：先译从句，后译主句）2. It is essential that every child should have the same opportunity to have education.每个儿童都应当有同样的受教育的机会，这一点是非常重要的。
（逆译法：先译从句，后译主句）3. It is a common misconception that English is extraordinarily difficult for foreigners to learn.英语对外国人来说特别难学，这是一种普遍的误解。
（逆译法：先译从句，后译主句）4. It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.物体在水中比在空气中轻，这是一种大家共有的经验。
（逆译法：先译从句，后译主句）5. It's really a mystery why all our attempts have been unsuccessful．为什么我们的一切尝试都失败了，这真是个谜。
（逆译法：先译从句，后译主句）6．It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. (An abstract from Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen)a)凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条公认的真理。
英语定语从句的翻译(学生)
英语定语从句的翻译一、定语从句的翻译（一）前置法1）Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切的问题。
2）A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.（二）后置法A．重复关系代词所代替的先行词1）They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.2）Each team plays ten or eleven games each season which begins in September and ends in November.B．省略关系代词，把定语从句译成并列谓语3）It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.4）Some of the energy is converted into heat, which helps to maintain our body temperature at about 37℃.C．把关系代词译成人称代词5）We have seen many chemical changes, from which physical changes are different.6）It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.D．当关系代词指整个主句时，应把关系代词译成指示代词“这”7）The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted.8）Salt is crystalized from sea water, which is known to be a physical change.（三）融合法1）There is somebody waiting for you who I think might be one of your friends from your native town.有个人在外面等你，我想这个人可能是你家乡的一位朋友。
英语定语从句的翻译
“We are a nation that must beg to stay alive, ” said a foreign economist. 一位外国经济学家说道， “我们这个 国家一天不讨饭就活不下去。”
Part IV 译成状语从句
Our teacher, who is getting old, will soon retire. (cause) 我们的老师， 越来越老， 不久就要退休 了。 Envoys were sent who should strengthen our international position. (purpose) 派了使节， 以便加强我们的国际地位。
Part V 由关系代词as引导的定语从句的汉 译方法
It is absolutely wrong to think foreign languages useless, as quite a few people did before. 认为外语无用是绝对错误的， 而不少人过 去确有这种想法。 Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. 蜘蛛不是昆虫， 尽管许多人认为它是昆虫， 它甚至与昆虫几乎没有联系。
定语从句翻译学习网站 英语定语从句的汉译方法
英语翻译法则之从句翻译法
Westminster Abbey, which is one of the oldest churches in Great Britain, contains the graves of many famous Englishmen. Westminster教堂， 大不列颠最古老的 教堂之一， 里面有许多知名英国人士 的坟墓。
初三定语从句及翻译
初三定语从句及翻译英语中，定语从句分成限制性从句与非限制性从句两种。
如下是精心为你挑选的初三定语从句及翻译，欢迎大家踊跃阅读！初三定语从句及翻译一、前置法：把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。
既然定语从句的意义是作定语修饰语，所以在翻译的时候，通常把较短的定语从句译成带“的”的前置定语，翻译在定语从句的先行词前面。
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
二、后置法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。
英语的英语从句结构常常比较复杂，如果翻译在其修饰的先行词前面的话，会显得定语太臃肿，而无法叙述清楚。
这时，可以把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，译成并列分句。
翻译时可以用两种方法来处理。
(一)重复先行词。
由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句中充当句子成分，如果单独把定语从句翻译出来的话，常常需要重复先行词，还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。
I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged.在我们对特别委员会表示满意，特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励。
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(3) Party B guarantees that the technical documents to be supplied by Party B are the latest technical information which has been put into practical used by Party B. 乙方保证所提供的技术资料是乙方经过实际使用的 最新技术资料。 (4)Shipment shall be commenced within 10 months counting from the date when the contract has come into force and completed within 16months. 自合同生效之日起计算，10个月内装运，16个月内 交付完毕。
(4)The Seller ensure that all the equipment listed in Appendix One to the Contract are brand-new products whose performance shall be in conformity with the Contract and which are manufactured according to current Chinese National Standards or Manufacture’s Standard. 卖方保证本合同附件一所列全部设备都是新 产品，是根据现行的中国国家标准，或生产 厂的标准制造的，其性能符合合同规定。
1．状语 (1) in case of e.g. In case of quality discrepancy, claims shall be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination. 若发生质量索赔，买方的索赔必须在货物到达目的港 的30天内提出。 (2) in the event of: e.g. In the event of graft渎职 or serious dereliction玩忽职守 of duty on the part of the general manager and/or deputy general managers, the Board of Directors shall have the power to dismiss them at will. 若总经理和/或副总经理有营私舞弊或严重失职时， 董事会有权随时将其撤换。
3．
二、同位语从句 1．保持原文的语序（文中第1句） （1）He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again. 他表示期望能再来中国访问。 （ 2 ） We are not investigating the questionቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱwhether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。
第十章 英语从句的翻译
Translation of clauses
一、定语从句的翻译
定语从句
限定性
非限定性
翻译方法
合并法 分译法 混合法
1．合并法 (1)Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with. 污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。 (2) If the Buyer is unable to sell out the amount of goods which he has agreed to purchase from the Seller, the Buyer may reduce the quantity of goods to be delivered to him by giving written notice thereof to the Seller before the shipment is made. 如果买方不能销售他已同意从卖方所购数量的货物， 买方可以书面通知卖方减少发货数量，再要求卖方 发货。
（ 3 ） However,
the writing of chemical symbols in the form of an equation does not give any assurance that the reaction shown will actually occur. 但是，将化学符号写成反应式，并不意味着所 表示的反应确实会发生。 （ 4 ） And there was the possibility that a small electrical sport might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit. 而且总有这种可能性 ---- 一个小小的电火花 , 可 能会意外地绕过了最为精心设计的线路.
三、状语从句的翻译 英语状语和状语从句的功能可表示时间、 地点、原因、条件、让步和目的等。 （1） He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it. 他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。 （2） Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions. 在有疑问的地方做个记号
(3) The combination of satellites, which transmit information, computer, which store information, and television, which displays information will change every home into an education and entertainment center. 传输信息的卫星，储存信息的电脑，显示 信息的电视三者的结合会把每一个家庭 变成一个教育和娱乐中心。
2 ．译为类似定语的结构或独成一句（文 中第5句） （1）Yet, from the beginning the fact that I was alive was ignored. 然而，从一开始，我仍活着这个事实却 偏偏被忽视了。 （2）It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay. 迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了 的。
3 ．加入冒号、破折号或“这样”、“这 一”、“即”等字眼进行翻译（文中第 2,3句） （1） But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 但是现实考虑一下，我们不得不正视 这样一个事实：我们的前景并不妙。
（ 3 ） The crops failed because the season was dry. 因为气候干燥，作物欠收。 （ 4 ） Granted that this is true, what conclusion can you draw? 假设这是实际情况，你又能得出什么结论 呢。 （5）While this is true of some, it is not true of all. 虽然有一部分是真的，但不见得都是真的。
4 ． 改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的无主语句
或其他方式译出 （ 1 ） An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the sky-lab should be sent back. 已下命令将现在在航天实验室里的研究人员送 回来。 （ 2 ） Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error. 即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何 误差的实验结果。
（6）We
should start early so that we might get there before noon. 我们应当早点动身，这样就能在正午之前赶 到那里。 但在商务英语中，特别是在国际商务合同中， 商务合同是合同各方就相互权利义务达成一 致意见而订立的书面文件。这种书面文件主 要约定双方应享有的权利和应履行的义务， 但这种权利的行使和义务的履行，均附有各 种条件。当条件成熟时，当事人的权利才能 实现，或义务方可履行。请看下列例句
（ 2 ） That fact that the gravity of the earth pulls everything towards the center of the earth explains many things. 地球引力把一切东西都吸向地心这一事 实解释了许多现象。 （3）Not long ago the scientists made an exciting discovery that this “waste” material could be turned into plastics. 不久以前，科学家们有了一个令人振奋的 发现，即可以把这种废物变成塑料。
2、分译法 (1)A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能燃烧并放出 热量。 (2)A healthy diet includes enough but too many kinds of foods that provide the body with the nutrients that it needs to function properly. 健康的饮食包括的食物应该充足但不过多。这 些食物提供身体正常活动所必需的营养。