英语从句的翻译
英语定语从句的翻译(学生)
英语定语从句的翻译一、定语从句的翻译（一）前置法1）Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切的问题。
2）A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.没有年纪相仿的玩伴陪伴的儿童最好就是去幼儿园。
（二）后置法A．重复关系代词所代替的先行词1）They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为理想而奋斗，这个理想关系到每个中国人的心。
过去，许多中国人为之而牺牲。
2）Each team plays ten or eleven games each season which begins in September and ends in November.每队每个季节玩10~11个游戏，游戏从9月开始，11月结束。
B．省略关系代词，把定语从句译成并列谓语3）It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.4）Some of the energy is converted into heat, which helps to maintain our body temperature at about 37℃.C．把关系代词译成人称代词5）We have seen many chemical changes, from which physical changes are different.6）It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.D．当关系代词指整个主句时，应把关系代词译成指示代词“这”7）The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted.8）Salt is crystalized from sea water, which is known to be a physical change.（三）融合法1）There is somebody waiting for you who I think might be one of your friends from your native town.有个人在外面等你，我想这个人可能是你家乡的一位朋友。
三大从句的翻译与特殊句型
By Yolanda
三大从句的翻译方法
• 名词性从句， • 形容词性从句 • 状语从句
名词性从句
• what, how, whether, that, where, when, 引导的名词性从 句,用来做主语，宾语，表语，介 词宾语或者同位语
状语从句
３．Though引导 Though引导的从句可放在主句前，也 可放在主句后面。 翻译不同：在前翻译为“虽然…“、”尽 管．．．”； 在后翻译为“可是”，“不过”，“然而”
状语从句
Thought the task was difficult, they managed to accomplish it in time. 虽然任务艰巨，他们还是设法及时完成了。 He was old and poor, though he was happy 他又老又穷，但过得却快活。
状语从句
• 特殊状语从句 1.That引导 2.Before引导 3.Though引导 4.Because引导 5.Until 引导
状语从句
1.That引导 1）“the+形容词或副词比较级 +that从句” 表示原因。 the act was the bolder that he stood utterly alone.
常翻译为独立的分句，或独立从句
名词性从句与形容词性定语从句
从成分来看： • 名词性从句，做主语，宾语，表语，介词宾 语或者同位语； • 形容词性定语从句，在句子中作定语； 从结构来看： • 名词性从句，前面没有要修饰的名词； • 形容词性定语从句，前面有要修饰的名词。
That名词性从句与that引导的形容词性 定语从句 eg: that you have done such a stupid thing was incredible. eg: I saw the cat 【that caught the rat】 【that ate the grain】 【 that in the house】 【that jack built】.
英语语法：五类状语从句的翻译讲解
英语语法：五类状语从句的翻译讲解一、时间状语从句1. 译成相对应的时间状语1) 与原文顺序一致While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时，泪水直流。
2) 后置改前置Please turn off the light when you leave the room.离屋时请关灯。
2. 译成“刚（一）……就……”的句式When I reached the beach, I collapsed.我一游到海滩，就昏倒了。
3. 译成并列的分句1) 译文前置They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.他还没有交赎金，他们就把他释放了。
2) 后置不变I was about to speak when Mr. Smith cut in.我正想讲，史密斯先生就插嘴了。
二、原因状语从句1. 译成表“因”的分句1) “因”在“果”之前The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱，作物歉收。
2) “果”在“因”之前She could get away with anything, because she looked such a baby.她能渡过任何风险，因为她看上去简直还像娃娃模样。
2. 译成因果偏正复句中的主句Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft.纯铁太软，所以不用在工业上。
Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.他深信这件事准确可靠，所以坚持己见。
3. 译成无关联词的因果关系并列分句Where there is sound, there must be sound waves.哪里有声音，哪里就必有声波。
英语八大从句类型例句
英语八大从句类型例句含翻译1. 名词性从句（Noun Clause）:- Example 1: What she said surprised everyone.Translation: 她说的话让每个人都感到惊讶。
- Example 2: Whether they will come is uncertain.Translation: 他们是否会来是不确定的。
2. 形容词性从句（Adjective Clause）:- Example 1: The girl who is sitting next to me is my sister.Translation: 那个坐在我旁边的女孩是我妹妹。
- Example 2: I like the book that you recommended.Translation: 我喜欢你推荐的那本书。
3. 副词性从句（Adverbial Clause）:- Example 1: I will go to the party if I finish my work.Translation: 如果我完成工作，我将去参加聚会。
- Example 2: She sings well when she is happy.Translation: 她在开心时唱得很好。
4. 定语从句（Relative Clause）:- Example 1: The person who called you is waiting outside.Translation: 给你打电话的人正在外面等着。
- Example 2: The house that we visited yesterday is beautiful.Translation: 我们昨天参观的房子很漂亮。
5. 时间状语从句（Time Adverbial Clause）:- Example 1: We will start as soon as the rain stops.Translation: 一旦雨停，我们就会开始。
英语定语从句翻译
英语定语从句翻译英语定语从句翻译近代史开始时，世界拥有的每一项重大成就，已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。
以下内容是店铺为您精心整理的英语定语从句翻译，欢迎参考！英语定语从句翻译一一主二仆式定语从句是指一个先行词带有两个或两个以上定语从句的情况。
该结构中的定语从句比较规范，均修饰一个先行词，在翻译时，虽然也遵循一般定语从句的翻译技巧和方法，但还有其独特的地方。
归纳起来，有如下几种情况：1）译成定语可以把两个定语从句译成并列的定语，也可译成分开的定语修饰先地词，或分别修饰重复的先行词。
and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power古老的谋生之道正受到新的农业技术、新的贸易、新的行业的挑战；这种新贸易是与世界上一向无人知晓的地区进行的贸易，而种种新行业则是使用一些无需传统的人力畜力驱动、可节省劳动力的奇特机遇。
（并列的定语）Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.近代史开始时，世界拥有的每一项重大成就，已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。
（分开的定语）And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the WesternEuropeans.英语定语从句翻译二定语从句是由一些关系代词或者关系副词引导的从句组成，用来修饰名词中心词。
从句的译法
名词从句的译法英语名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。
翻译这类从句时，大多数可按原文的句序译成对应的汉语，但也还有一些其他处理方法。
一、主语从句（一）以what、whatever、whoever 等代词引导的主语从句翻译时一般可按原文顺序翻译。
1）What he told me was only half-truth.他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。
2）Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave a very deep impression.他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。
二、宾语从句（一）用that, what, how 等引起的宾语从句汉译时一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。
1）I also told him how appealing I found the offer.我也告诉他，这提供的机会对我有多么大的吸引力。
有时可加“说”字，再接下去译原文宾语从句的内容。
1）He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.他再三提醒大家说，决定这件事的不只是他一个人，还有其他许多人。
三、表语从句英语表语从句和宾语从句一样，一般可按原文顺序翻译。
1）What he emphasized over and over again was that no matter how difficult it might be, they should never retreat even for an inch.他所再三强调的是，不管多么困难，他们决不应该后退寸步。
2) That was how a small nation won the victory over a big power.就这样，小国战胜了大国。
英语从句的翻译
(4)The Seller ensure that all the equipment listed in Appendix One to the Contract are brand-new products whose performance shall be in conformity with the Contract and which are manufactured according to current Chinese National Standards or Manufacture’s Standard. 卖方保证本合同附件一所列全部设备都是新 产品，是根据现行的中国国家标准，或生产 厂的标准制造的，其性能符合合同规定。
2、分译法 (1)A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能燃烧并放出 热量。 (2)A healthy diet includes enough but too many kinds of foods that provide the body with the nutrients that it needs to function properly. 健康的饮食包括的食物应该充足但不过多。这 些食物提供身体正常活动所必需的营养。
4thesellerensurelistedinappendixonetothecontractarebrandnewproductsshallbeinconformitywiththecontractandwhicharemanufacturedaccordingcurrentchinesenationalstandardsormanufacturesstandardthatalltheequipmentwhoseperformanceto卖方保证本合同附件一所列全部设备都是新产品是根据现行的中国国家标准或生产厂的标准制造的其性能符合合同规定
英语状语从句的翻译
众多家庭搬出安定的社区，离开交往多年 的朋友，远离大家庭的其他成员, 日常信息 来源就此切断。
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2 原因状语从句的翻译
Since the electrical inventions which Edison had given us were very important, we could not live without them—not for one minute. 爱迪生为我们发明的各种电器太重要了， 我们的生活离不开它们——一刻也离不开。
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要是下雨，咱们就不能步行上那儿去了。
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16.3 条件状语从句的翻译
If I could relive my life, I would lead quite a different life, leaving less regrets. 如果我可以重新过日子, 我会生活得截然不 同，不会留下这么多遗憾。
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3 条件状语从句的翻译
3.1 译成相对应的表条件的分句 If the epidemic cannot be controlled effectively, the whole country will come into chaos. 如果这种流行传染病得不到有效控制, 整个 国家将会陷入一片混乱之中。 We won’t be able to go there on foot in case it rains.
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1 时间状语从句的翻译
One must sow before one can reap. 只有播种，才能有收获。(译成汉语的必要 条件复句的正句。也可根据汉语表达习惯, 译为：一份耕耘，一份收获。) Before manned spacecraft could be sent to space, the problem of getting the spacecraft safely back to earth had to be solved. 为了把载人的宇宙飞船送到太空上去，就 必须解决使飞船安全返回地面的问题。(译 成汉语单句的目的状语)
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(3) Party B guarantees that the technical documents to be supplied by Party B are the latest technical information which has been put into practical used by Party B. 乙方保证所提供的技术资料是乙方经过实际使用的 最新技术资料。 (4)Shipment shall be commenced within 10 months counting from the date when the contract has come into force and completed within 16months. 自合同生效之日起计算，10个月内装运，16个月内 交付完毕。
(4)The Seller ensure that all the equipment listed in Appendix One to the Contract are brand-new products whose performance shall be in conformity with the Contract and which are manufactured according to current Chinese National Standards or Manufacture’s Standard. 卖方保证本合同附件一所列全部设备都是新 产品，是根据现行的中国国家标准，或生产 厂的标准制造的，其性能符合合同规定。
1．状语 (1) in case of e.g. In case of quality discrepancy, claims shall be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination. 若发生质量索赔，买方的索赔必须在货物到达目的港 的30天内提出。 (2) in the event of: e.g. In the event of graft渎职 or serious dereliction玩忽职守 of duty on the part of the general manager and/or deputy general managers, the Board of Directors shall have the power to dismiss them at will. 若总经理和/或副总经理有营私舞弊或严重失职时， 董事会有权随时将其撤换。
3．
二、同位语从句 1．保持原文的语序（文中第1句） （1）He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again. 他表示期望能再来中国访问。 （ 2 ） We are not investigating the questionቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱwhether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。
第十章 英语从句的翻译
Translation of clauses
一、定语从句的翻译
定语从句
限定性
非限定性
翻译方法
合并法 分译法 混合法
1．合并法 (1)Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with. 污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。 (2) If the Buyer is unable to sell out the amount of goods which he has agreed to purchase from the Seller, the Buyer may reduce the quantity of goods to be delivered to him by giving written notice thereof to the Seller before the shipment is made. 如果买方不能销售他已同意从卖方所购数量的货物， 买方可以书面通知卖方减少发货数量，再要求卖方 发货。
（ 3 ） However,
the writing of chemical symbols in the form of an equation does not give any assurance that the reaction shown will actually occur. 但是，将化学符号写成反应式，并不意味着所 表示的反应确实会发生。 （ 4 ） And there was the possibility that a small electrical sport might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit. 而且总有这种可能性 ---- 一个小小的电火花 , 可 能会意外地绕过了最为精心设计的线路.
三、状语从句的翻译 英语状语和状语从句的功能可表示时间、 地点、原因、条件、让步和目的等。 （1） He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it. 他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。 （2） Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions. 在有疑问的地方做个记号
(3) The combination of satellites, which transmit information, computer, which store information, and television, which displays information will change every home into an education and entertainment center. 传输信息的卫星，储存信息的电脑，显示 信息的电视三者的结合会把每一个家庭 变成一个教育和娱乐中心。
2 ．译为类似定语的结构或独成一句（文 中第5句） （1）Yet, from the beginning the fact that I was alive was ignored. 然而，从一开始，我仍活着这个事实却 偏偏被忽视了。 （2）It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay. 迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了 的。
3 ．加入冒号、破折号或“这样”、“这 一”、“即”等字眼进行翻译（文中第 2,3句） （1） But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 但是现实考虑一下，我们不得不正视 这样一个事实：我们的前景并不妙。
（ 3 ） The crops failed because the season was dry. 因为气候干燥，作物欠收。 （ 4 ） Granted that this is true, what conclusion can you draw? 假设这是实际情况，你又能得出什么结论 呢。 （5）While this is true of some, it is not true of all. 虽然有一部分是真的，但不见得都是真的。
4 ． 改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的无主语句
或其他方式译出 （ 1 ） An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the sky-lab should be sent back. 已下命令将现在在航天实验室里的研究人员送 回来。 （ 2 ） Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error. 即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何 误差的实验结果。
（6）We
should start early so that we might get there before noon. 我们应当早点动身，这样就能在正午之前赶 到那里。 但在商务英语中，特别是在国际商务合同中， 商务合同是合同各方就相互权利义务达成一 致意见而订立的书面文件。这种书面文件主 要约定双方应享有的权利和应履行的义务， 但这种权利的行使和义务的履行，均附有各 种条件。当条件成熟时，当事人的权利才能 实现，或义务方可履行。请看下列例句
（ 2 ） That fact that the gravity of the earth pulls everything towards the center of the earth explains many things. 地球引力把一切东西都吸向地心这一事 实解释了许多现象。 （3）Not long ago the scientists made an exciting discovery that this “waste” material could be turned into plastics. 不久以前，科学家们有了一个令人振奋的 发现，即可以把这种废物变成塑料。
2、分译法 (1)A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能燃烧并放出 热量。 (2)A healthy diet includes enough but too many kinds of foods that provide the body with the nutrients that it needs to function properly. 健康的饮食包括的食物应该充足但不过多。这 些食物提供身体正常活动所必需的营养。