状语从句的省略

有时为了使语言的精炼，达到言简意赅的效果, 我们常将状语从句进行"简化"。状语从句的"简化"现象在口语中很普遍,

状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:

句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；

②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。

例如：

When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year . He’ll go to the seaside for his h oliday if (it is ) possible.

另外，比较状语从句经常省略。

例如：

I’m taller than he (is tall ).

The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).

状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:

①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;

②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;

③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;

④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;

⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。

(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。

例如:

If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.

如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。

You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。

(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:

a.连词+形容词

As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。

Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。

b.连词+名词

Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.

尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了。

c.连词+现在分词

Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。

d.连词+过去分词

He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.

除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。

The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。

e.连词+不定式

He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。

He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.

即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。

f. 连词+介词短语

She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了。

注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。

例如:

When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.

当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。