非谓语动词讲义

非谓语动词

非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词:

A: 是动词的特殊形式，有时态、语态的变化；功能可分为1、2、3；

B: 不受制于主语，没有人称和数的变化

C：种类

否定式：not + 动名词

逻辑主语：物主代词（有时用宾格代词）、名词所有格（有时用名词普通格）

Eg. 1 .He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old（宾语、完成式）

2. His not being praised upset him a lot.（主语、被动式）

3. In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs. （表语）

4.He can’t walk without a walking-stick（定语）

5.The cave, his hiding-place is secret （同位语）

动名词的习惯用法

（1）要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, b

e

m, pa y

erful

②

③

（4

The problem is in need of working out. The question is well worth discussing

动词不定式

动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

否定式：not /never + (to) do

逻辑主语：of\for sb+to do sth

以do为例，动词不定式的构成如下：

.

I have no choice but to stay here.

He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.

有些动词常用代疑问词的不定式作宾语，例如：teach, remember, advise, show, know, forget, learn, understand, see, hear, find out, explain, decide, discuss等，如：

He gave us some advice on how to learn English.

They haven’t decided when to leave so far.

（4）作宾语补足语：

在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，补充说明作宾语的名词或代词的动作或状态，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite, invite, warn, expect, prefer, encourage等Their parents prefer them to be home early.

My parents don’t allow me to go out at night.

（5）作定语：

动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：

1.动宾关系：

I have a meeting to attend.

注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about.

What did you open it with?

如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：

He has no place to live. This is the best way to work out this problem.

如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：Have you got anything to send? 你要送什么东西吗？(你自己去送)

Have you got anything to be sent? 你有什么东西需要送吗？（别人替你送）

2.被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：

He is the first to get here.

6）作状语：

①表目的，常译成为了，不定式一般放在被修饰词之后，但为了强调目的也可放在句首。为了加强语气，还可用in order to 或so as to.

We should do whatever we can to help them.

We took an umbrella so as not to get wet.

注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：

wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.

right：To save money, he has tried every means.

wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.

right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.

②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果)：only to do sth

He arrived late only to find the train had gone.

I visited him only to find him out.

③表原因：

They were very sad to hear the news.

④表程度：

It’s too dark for us to see anything.

The question is simple for him to answer.

（7）作独立成分：

To tell you the truth, I don’t like the way he talked.