高一英语讲义-非谓语动词讲义
高一英语非谓语动词精讲
高一英语非谓语动词精讲动名词1．主语 Swimming is dangerous for us.（泛指）区别：To swim in this river is dangerous for us.（具体指）It is no use / not any use /not any good /a waster of time /useless doing。
2．表语 Her job is teaching.3．定语 a working table ；a hiding place4．宾语只能接-ing形式的动词：advise，avoid，allow，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，finish，forbid，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，permit，risk，suggest区别：（1）forget /remember；go on；mean；regret；stop； try ；can’t help + doing /to do （2）need /want /require +doing / to be done（3）注意与to搭配的词组：devote to /look forward to /stick to /be used to /get down to /pay attention to（4）have a good /hard /wonderful time （in）doing/have trouble/difficulty in doing sth.（5）There is no good /use /need doing不区别：start， begin ，continue ，intend等后）+doing /to do但以下三种情况只用跟to do (1)Ice began to melt.(2)It is beginning to rain.(3)I began to understand (realize/believe/know) him.5.动名词的复合结构: 动名词可以有逻辑主语，通常是形容词物主代词（my，his，there）或名词所有格（Mary’s，Li Ming’s）。
高中非谓语动词课件
由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语 动词的使用中起着关键的作用。
非谓语动词使用条件
一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有 连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
opened (open) the door 1. The man took out the key, _________ and entered the room. reading (read) a book. 2. The man sat there, _________ Work (work) hard, and you will succeed. 3. _______ discussed (discuss) at the meeting 4. The question ___________ yesterday is of great importance. To improve 5. ___________(improve) his spoken English, Mr. Zhang goes to the English corner every Saturday.
判别谓语动词及非谓语动词的方法 leaving (leave) 1. She got off the bus, ________
her handbag on her seat.
left 2. She got off the bus, but ______ (leave) her handbag on her seat.
She came here to study English. 状语 I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 宾补
非谓语动词讲解 二. 动词不定式的句法作用
外研版高一上学期英语语法讲解非谓语动词
非谓语动词所谓非谓语动词，顾名思义也就是不能单独用作谓语的动词（但与助动词结合可构成“进行时态、系表结构、完成时态、被动语态等谓语形式”），非谓语动词在英语句子结构中用法非常广泛、灵活，可充当主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语、状语等。
现在笔者向同学们作分类介绍：动词不定式一、不定式作主语1.一般置于句首：To see one time is better than to hear one hundred times.2.常见用it代替它作形式主语，而把不定式或不定式结构移到句尾：It's our duty to serve the people．3.在含有不定式作主语的疑问句或感叹句中，一般只用it作形式主语。
常见：Is it a good idea to plant some flowers there？不可以说：*Is to plant some flowers there a good idea？二、不定式作表语连系动词be，seem，appear，get，remain等常用不定式作表语，如果主语部分有实义动词do时，表语常可用不带to的不定式。
例如：My idea is to have a trip on Sunday．The only thing I can do now is wait at home.三、不定式作动词宾语1.动词＋不定式：The girl asked to see the headmaster．常见的跟带to的不定式结构作宾语的动词有：agree，aim，arrange，ask，choose，decide，demand，pretend，expect，hope，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，refuse，wish，want，hate等。
但help后的不定式常可省掉的，如：They helped（to）do the cleaning this morning.2.动词十疑问词（why除外）＋不定式：We must find out what to do next.常见能跟“疑问词十不定式”结构作宾语的动词有：decide，find out，forget，know，learn，remember，see，think，understand，wonder等。
高一英语语法知识—非谓语动词人教版知识精讲
高一英语语法知识—非谓语动词人教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：语法知识——非谓语动词二. 教学目标初步掌握非谓语的根本结构与用法三. 教学重难点掌握非谓语所能够充当的句子成分〔一〕非谓语的分类以与各自在句子中所能充当的成分。
非谓语分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。
〔动名词和现在分词形式一样〕以下表格表示的是它们各自所能充当的成分：，to have been done〕〔1〕不定式在句子中做主语。
如：To be spoken highly of is his aim.To go there in time is his most important task now.It is his most important task to go there in time.It is a great joy to play football.When to start is the question.〔2〕不定式在句子中做宾语。
〔以“to do〞做宾语的动词主要有：ask，want，wish，hope，expect，help，refuse，learn，demand，dare，choose，arrange，decide，agree，promise，plan，offer，manage，pretend，prepare，fail，determine，long，seem等〕如：They pretended to have finished their work.He had planned to finish it in time.They thought it necessary to go to church every weekend.We find it good to have a walk every day.They don’t now where to go.〔3〕不定式在句子中做表语。
如：His dream is to be taught by that famous professor.The only thing he wants to do now is to study hard.His aim is to get the first place in the game.The question is which one to choose.〔4〕不定式在句子中做状语。
高中英语语法-非谓语动词 PPT课件
Practice 1) As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting ______. A. to use B. to be used C. to have used D. to be using 2) After he became conscious, he remembered ______ and _____ on the head with a rod. A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hit C. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit
It is of little good staying up too late every day. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式 上的一致。 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.
二、考查非谓语动词作宾语
不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。 1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： want, wish, hope, manage, demand, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect等。
1). To make a plan first is a good idea. = It is a good idea to make a plan first. 2). It takes three hours to walk there.
完整版完整版高中英语非谓语动词讲解
非谓语动词非谓语动词包含不定式 (to do) 、动名词 (－ing) 、此刻分词 (－ing) 与过去分词 (－ ed)。
它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不可以充任谓语，但能够充任句子的其余成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。
形式动词不定式动名词 (doing)此刻分词 (doing)过去分词 (done)对照项目(to do)相当于名词、形相当于名词，指常常性、相当于形容词、副词，相当于形容词、副词，自己意义容词、副词，往习惯性的动作常常有此刻意味兼有被动、达成意义往有未来意味主语、宾语、表主语、宾语、表语、定表语、宾补、定语、状充任句子成分语、宾补、定语、表语、宾补、定语、状语语语状语主动一般式to do doing doing done被动式to be done being done being done形式to have done having done having done主动达成式被动达成式to have been done having been done having been done否认式在上述各样非谓语动词形式以前直接加not动词不定式定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不可以独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特色，能够有自己的宾语和状语。
主动形式被动形式一般式to doto be done达成式to have done to have been done进行式to be doing无达成进行式to have been doing无一、不定式的意义1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或以后。
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的蒙受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done).eg: He seemed to be tired.The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.2.不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。
完整高中英语非谓语动词讲解
非谓语动词不定式、在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式：动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）.不定式不定式的作用一、1、作主语不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。
往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。
如：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
（2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。
试比较：It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错）To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对）（3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of,否则用for.2、作宾语（1）动词+不定式。
如：He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide,begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等（2）动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。
如：t know what to do next/ how to do it next. 'I dont decide when to go there.'I can it 注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用作形式宾语。
高中英语非谓语动词讲解(共43张PPT)
表语：常用于表示心里状态的词，如astonish, excite, bor puzzle, surprise, interest, frighten, shock，delight, disappoint, encourage, please, satisfy, surprise, worry等，还有一些常和get连用的过去分词(如dressed, drunk, lost)常用作表语 V-ed 修饰人，意为：感到……的 V-ing修饰物，意为：令人……的
allow doing 允许做某事 allow sb. to do 允许某人做某事
need/ want/ require doing sth. 某事需要被做 need/ want/ require sth. to be done
1. Eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions.
air is so good __to__b_r_e_a_t_h_e_(breathe).
forget, regret, remember doing v-ing 忘记做过某事（过去） forget, regret, remember to do 忘记要做某事（将来）
go on doing 继续做原来做的事 go on to do 接着做另一件事
1. She felt _e_x_c_it_e_d_ when she heard the news. This is an _e_x_c_it_in_g_ news. (exciting, excited)
mean doing 意味着要做某事 mean to do 想要做某事
stop doing 停止做某事 stop to do 停下来（目前的事）开始做另一件事
高中英语非谓语动词知识点讲解
非谓语动词的注意事项
总之，非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的一个重要知识点，学生需要认真掌握其构成、形式 和用法，并注意时态、语态、逻辑主语等问题。同时，结合语境理解也是非常重要的，只 有这样才能正确理解和运用非谓语动词 五、非谓语动词的特殊用法
独立主格结构：在句子中，有时会出现一个非谓语动词与一个名词构成独立主格 结构的情况。例如："Weather permitting, we will go out for a walk."(如果 天气允许，我们会出去散步。)中的"permitting"为现在分词形式，与"weather" 构成独立主格结构，表示条件
例如，"Seeing is believing."(眼见为实。) 中的逻辑主语为"seeing"， 与句子中的主语保持一致
非谓语动词的注意事项
语境理解问题：在理解句子意思的基础上，才能正确判断非谓语动词的形 式和用法。例如，"She likes reading books."(她喜欢读书。)中的
"reading"为动名词形式，作为宾语。如果只是单纯地看这个句子，可能会 误认为"reading"是不定式形式作为宾补，但结合语境理解，可知 "reading"为动名词形式作为宾语
八、练习与巩固
➢ 为了更好地掌握非谓语动 词的用法，学生需要进行 大量的练习。可以通过阅 读、写作、翻译等方式来 巩固非谓语动词的用法。 同时，也可以通过做相关 练习题来加深对非谓语动 词的理解和掌握
非谓语动词的注意事项
➢ 总之，非谓语动词是高中 英语语法中的一个重要知 识点，学生需要认真掌握 其构成、形式和用法，并 注意时态、语态、逻辑主 语等问题。同时，结合语 境理解也是非常重要的， 只有这样才能正确理解和 运用非谓语动词。通过大 量的练习和巩固，学生可 以更好地掌握这一知识点 ，提高英语水平
高一英语非谓语动词—动词不定式及动名词知识精讲
高一英语非谓语动词—动词不定式与动名词【本讲主要内容】非谓语动词——动词不定式与动名词【知识总结归纳】非谓语动词包括动词不定式,动名词和分词.〔1〕非谓语动词不可以单独作谓语,在形式上不受人称和数的限制.〔2〕非谓语动词如果是与物动词, 应该带宾语.〔3〕非谓语动词可以有状语来修饰.〔4〕非谓语动词仍有时态和语态的变化.I.动词不定式: to + 动词原形动词不定式具有名词,形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语，表语，宾语，定语和状语。
1. 作主语:To talk with him is a great pleasure.动词不定式作主语时, 往往放在谓语动词的后面,用作形式主语.It is a great pleasure to talk with him.有很多形容词都可以放在这个句型中:difficult, easy, hard, impossible, dangerous, safe, expensive, cheap impossibleDo you think it is safe to drink this water?Your writing is awful. It is impossible to read it.I like being with Jill. It’s very interesting to talk to her.It is not difficult to learn a foreign language if you spend time and effort on it.在形容词kind, clever, silly, stupid, careless, unfair , considerate 等前应该用介词of.It’s silly of Mary to give up her job when she needs the money.I think it was very helpful of them to tell me the truth.2. 作表语:Her wish is to become a teacher when she grows up.Our plan is to finish the plan in two weeks.3. 作宾语:Do you like to watch football matches?We decided to make changes in our plan.常见的后面跟不定式作宾语的动词有:offer, decide, agree, plan, hope, learn, forget, fail, attempt, promise, arrange, afford, manage等.How old were you when you learn to drive？We decided not to go out because of the bad weather.I promised not to be late.有些形容词后面也可以接动词不定式ready, eager, anxious, able, sure, glad, sorry, afraid, free, pleased, willingThe boys and girls are eager to learn to swim.I’m sorry to trouble you.He is willing to help the people in need.有些动词后可以用疑问词+ 不定式的结构ask, decide, know, remember, forget , explain ,learn, wonderWe asked how to get to the airport?Have you decided where to go for your holidays?Do you understand what to do?4. 作宾补:可以带宾补的动词有:ask, order, persuade, advise, like, want, tell, know, helpwarn, invite, persuade, get, expect, would like, would loveThe doctor advised him to have a good rest.I didn’t move the piano by myself. I got somebody to help me.I was warned not to touch the switch.My father allowed me to use his car.在某些与物动词的复合宾语中, 动词不定式要省掉to, 常见的省to的动词有：make, let, have, see, watch, hear, feel , help等I heard him speak in the next room.Liz suddenly felt something touch her on the shoulder.I saw him fall off the wall.Did anybody see the accident happen?The ending of the story made me feel sad.5. 作定语:动词不定式作定语时须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后.He is always the first one to get up.I have a few words to say on this question.Attention, please! I have something important to say.6. 作状语:不定式作状语通常表示目的或结果---- Why did you go out?---- To post a letter.A friend of mine phoned to invite me to a party.A few years later he came home to find that his hometown had greatly changed.I went to see him only to find him out.II. 动名词由动词原形+ 词尾ing 构成.动名词有名词的特征, 在句中可以作主语, 宾语,表语等.1. 作主语:Getting up early is a good habit.Seeing is believing.Reading aloud is very important in learning English.It’s no use trying to persuade me.There’s nothing you can do about the situation, so it’s no good worrying ab out it.2. 作表语:Her job is looking after the babies.His hobby is collecting stamps.3. 作宾语:常跟动名词作宾语的动词:stop, delay, consider, admit, miss, finish, postpone, imagine, avoid, risk practiseSuddenly everybody stopped talking. There was silentce.I’ll do the shopping when I’ve finished cleaning the flat.He tried to avoid answering my question.Have you ever considered going to live in another country.一些短语后面也用动名词做宾语：give up, put off, carry on, go on, keep onHe has given up smokingWe must do something. We can’t go on living like that.Don’t keep interrupting me while I’m speaking.介词后接动名词作宾语：before, after, be interested in, be good at, how about, instead of, in spite of, without, be used to, look forward to, have difficulty in, succe ed in, insist on, think of, feel like, stop… from, Are you interested in working for us?I’m not very good at learning languages.Carol went to work in spite of feeling ill.I bought a new bicycle instead of going away on holiday.What did you do after leaving school?I ran ten kilometers without stopping.Do you feel like going out tonight?The police stopped everyone from leaving the building.【高考点拨】【题型展示】〔〕 1. The patient was warned _____ oily food after the operation.A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating此题应选C, warn sb. not to do sth. 意思是警告某人不要做某事.〔〕 2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , __________ it more difficult .A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make此题应选B, 动词不定式在这里是作表语的.〔〕 3. Robert is said ______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.A. to have studiedB. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have been studying此题应选A, sb. be said to be, 意思是据说, 在这里用不定式的完成时, 指的是发生在过去的事.〔〕 4. I’ve worked with children before , so I know what ______ in my new job.A. expectedB. to expectC. to be expectingD. expects此题应选B, know 后面接动词不定式,不定式前面可以带一个疑问词.〔〕 5. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out此题应选C, plan 为定语从句的先行词, 后面为它的定语从句. 在从句中, 短语see sth. done 意思是“看见…被….〞〔〕 6. I usually go there by train.--- Why ______ going there by boat for a change?A.don’t tryB. not tryC. not to tryD. not trying此题应选B, why not do sth. 为一个词组, 表示一种建议语气.〔〕7. We don’t know who stole the book. What’s you r opinion?--- Jack is considered _______ it.A. having doneB. doingC. to have doneD. to do此题应选B, consider 后面应该用动名词作宾语.〔〕8. The place is really beautiful . We all think it worth ______ .A. being visitedB. to be visitedC. a visitD. to visit此题应选C, worth 后面可以跟动名词作它的宾语，A、B、D答案都不是，因此我们选择名词作宾语.〔〕9. He advised _____ at the school gate the next day.A. our meetingB. to meetC. us meetingD. met此题应选A, advise 后接动名词作宾语, 动名词前面可以有一个逻辑主语,用形容词性的物主代词.〔〕10. The computer is _______ to be one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century.A. regardedB. consideredC. expectedD. suggested此题应选B, consider 在这里是认为的意思. c onsider sb. to be ….【实战模拟】〔〕 1. The experienced driver has got ______ in all kinds of weather.A. used to driveB. used to drivingC. use to driveD. use to driving〔〕2. I’m too tired. I prefer _____ rather than go to the cinema.A. to stay homeB. to staying homeC. stay homeD. staying home〔〕 3. Her father considered _____ to a foreign friend.A. writingB. writeC. to writeD. wrote〔〕 4. You’d better _____ tell a lie. I think it ______ tell the teacher all that had happened yesterday.A. not. would betterB. not, is better toC. not to, would better toD. not to, better〔〕 5. The young couple came to the ball without ______ .A. being invitedB. invitingC. been invitedD. invite〔〕 6. He was surprised to find the back window of his house ______ . He was evenmore surprised to find his computer ______ .A. broken, goneB. had broken, goingC. being broken, disappearedD. had been broken, missed〔〕7. Please speak a little louder to make yourself _____ .A. to hearB. hearC. heardD. hearing〔〕8. The dish isn’t warm enough now. You’d better get it _____ .A. to heatB. to be heatedC. heatedD. heating〔〕9. --- What’s in your bag?--- Books _________to the teacher tomorrow.A. sentB. to be sentC. being sentD. sending〔〕10. I can hardly imagine Peter _____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five hours.A. sailB. to sailC. sailingD. to have sailed试题答案1. B2. A3. A4. B5. A6. A.7. C8.C9. B 10. C。
高中英语非谓语动词 (公开课)课件 共29张PPT
to是介词的词组：be used to, be accustomed to, be addicted to, be devoted to, be opposed to, be equal to, look forward to, pay attention to, feel up to, get down to, apply oneself to, contribute to, lead to, refer to, adapt to, adjust to, object to, turn to, respond to
It was a waste of time reading that book.
非 谓做 语表 动语
词
不定式 说明主语内容，具体、特定、未 来：My job is to promote the new product.
动名词 说明主语内容，一般或习惯：His job is collecting folk songs.
非谓语动词的常见三种形式
动词不定式 动词ing形式 过去分词
一般式 to do doing done
意义 表目的或将来 表主动或进行 表被动或完成
考 情 分 析 P 201-202
考情：从最近三年来看，非谓语动词 在语法填空中是必考点，其中全国Ⅰ卷和 Ⅲ卷每年2道，Ⅱ卷1～3道；也是短文改 错的常考点，特别是Ⅱ卷和Ⅲ卷。
不定式 发生在谓语后
They gave him some money to buy
非 谓做 语定 动语
food.
动名词 在名词前说明其用途 a washing machine =a machine for washing
高中英语--非谓语动词课件(共20张ppt)
固定搭配
cannot / hardly / never / scarcely too …to…
“越……越好；无论……也/都不过分”。
You cannot be too careful to cross the street. 你过街时越小心越好。 can’t (help/choose) but 不得不,只能,不禁 I cannot help but tell her the truth. 我只能告
动词不定式; 现在分词; 过去分词; 动名词
1．不定式的时态及语态
一般式 to do to be done 与谓语动作同时
进行式 to be doing
表示谓语的动作
发生时,不定式的动作正在进行
完成式 to have done to have been done 先于谓语动作的发生
用途： 表将来 表某一次具体的动作 表目的
*考点三 why not do sth (为何不做某事)
考点四：非谓语动词作主语时，注意：
1、不定式和动名词可以在句中当主词，但分词 不行。
2、不定式一般表示具体或一次性动作，而动名 词则表示一般或抽象的多次动作。
___should not life and work.(2010.51)
考点二“使……怎么样”之类的动词
amuse, astonish, excite, frighten, interest, move,
relax, satisfy, shock, surprise, encourage, disappoint, puzzle, tire, please, inspire, terrify, worry，它们的ing 形式表示主动，而过去分词表示被动。一般情况下 “人”用过去分词，“物”用ing形式。
高中非谓语动词课件
主语
宾语 表语
定语 状语
I warned the patient not to eat cold water
after the operation
宾补
1作主语 不定式做主语时;可以直接放在谓语动词之前
To see is to believe
+ to do
made let
4 it作形式宾语
I find/feel to work with him interesting
I find/feel it interesting to work with him 注意：不定式短语作宾语时;如果还带有宾语补足语;往往把 不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后;而用it作形式宾语
• B 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词: • tell; advise; show; teach; find out;
decide; discuss; learn; explain… know; show; discover; seeunderstand • He taught us how to use the tool • No one could tell me where to get the book • I hope you’ll advise me what to do I don't know how to get there
④
mean stop
+
to do doing
go on
1 Boys; don't forget _____ the windows before you leave the classroom A closing B closed C to closing D to close
高一英语 语法复习 非谓语动词讲解
照对市爱民阳光实验学校高一英语语法复习非谓语动词讲解1.考查立意较低，主要考查的是非谓语的一些最根本的用法。
但是，题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。
2．设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势，不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰。
不容置疑，高考将继续对非谓语动词的考查，试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化〞和“设问角度的多样化〞的趋势，但试题的难度将会有所控制。
★解题思路① 解析句子结构，确设空在句子中充当的功能〔如状语、语或宾补〕；② 找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系〔主动还是被动〕；③ 搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确非谓语动词的恰当形式；④ 将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺，或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。
★分词、不式作宾补用法要点一、分词、不式作宾语补足语的区别1．感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词〔不带to 的不式〕、现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词表主动或正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。
如：I heard her sing an English song just now.刚刚我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。
I heard the English song sung many times.我屡次听到有人唱这首英文歌。
注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。
如：I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态)I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成)2．leave 后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave 保存了原来之义“留下〞，但表达确实切之义是“使……处于某种状态〕。
高一英语初步掌握非谓语的基本结构及用法人教版知识精讲
高一英语初步掌握非谓语的基本结构及用法人教版知识精讲【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：初步掌握非谓语的基本结构及用法二. 教学重难点掌握非谓语所能够充当的句子成分（一）非谓语的分类以及各自在句子中所能充当的成分。
非谓语分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。
（动名词和现在分词形式相同）现在分词：（doing，having done，being done，having been done）1. 现在分词在句子中做表语。
（即进行时态）如：He is playing football on the playground.I was studying English from 1991 to 1999.2. 现在分词在句子中做定语。
如：Do you know the man speaking to my teacher?I saw a sleeping cat when I entered the room.3. 现在分词在句子中做状语。
现在分词在句子中做状语表示在主句动作发生的同时，主语又发生的事情。
如：The boy sat there thinking about his plan.The man looked at his broken car, wondering how much it will cost to get it repaired.Having finished his breakfast, Tom went to school.Being highly praised, he thought of another great adventure.注意：非谓语做状语的时候，其逻辑主语一定是主句的主语，如：Having examined him, the doctor told him OK.Having been examined, he was told OK.特例：不需与主句主语一致的现在分词状语有：judging from/by，generally speaking，considering，talking of，supposing，beginning等）4. 在句子中做宾补。
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高考英语非谓语动词定义：在句中充当谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式，叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着谓语动词的其他特点，可以充当宾语、定语、主语、状语、补语等一、非谓语动词基本形式1. 动词不定式：to do 否定形式：not to do2. 动名词：doing 否定形式：not doing现在分词：doing not doing1. 分词过去分词：done not done二、非谓语动词的时态语态变化1.* 现在分词表主动和进行，过去分词表被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的句法功能（1）二者作主语的差别：动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；不定式作主语多表示具体的动作，尤指是某一次的动作。
EG.Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。
（泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。
（指一次具体的动作）（2）下列句型常用动名词作主语no use/goodnot any use/good It is/was +of little use/good+ doing sthworthEG.It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。
（3）下列句型中常用不定式作主语It + be + 名词+ to do sth.It takes sb. + some time + to do sth.It + be + difficult/easy/hard/important/impossible/necessary ⋯+ for sb. to do sth.④ It + be + careless/clever/good/foolish/honest/kind/lazy/silly/wise ⋯+ of sb. to do sth.EG.It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in an hour. 我们难以在一小时内完成这篇作文。
例1：It is stupid of you （write） down everything that the teacher says.It ' s our duty （take） good care of the old.How long did it take you （finish） the work?2. 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）作表语（1）二者作表语的差别：动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；不定式作表语多表示具体的动作，尤指是某一次的动作。
EG.His favorite sport is swimming. 他最喜欢的运动是游泳。
（泛指游泳）Your task today is to wash the curtains. 你今天的任务是洗窗帘。
（指一次具体的工作）（2）现在分词、过去分词都可作表语，现在分词意为“令人⋯的”，过去分词意为“感到⋯的”。
EG.The film is exciting. 这部电影激动人心。
He is excited at the news. 听到这个消息他激动不已。
（3）非谓语动词作remain 的表语。
remain 作“仍然是”讲，后面可加现在/过去分词作表语。
EG.She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down. 虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。
The true author of the book remains unknown. 这本书真正的作者依然不详。
* 注：remain to be done 仍需去⋯EG. Much remains to be done. 许多事仍需去做。
例2：It ' s standard practice for a company like this one （employ） a security officer.As we joined the big crowd I got （separate） from my friends.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain （seat） as the plane was making a landing.3. 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词）作宾语（1）下列动词一般用不定式作宾语：decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help, afford, strive, happen, wait, threatenEG.She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 当我经过时，她假装没看见我。
（2）下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon, admit, delay/put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice, deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, can ' t help,等mind, allow/permit, escape EG.He got well -prepared for the job interview, for he couldn ' t risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次求职面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。
（3）下列动词、词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可跟不定式作宾语，但意义不同。
forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事remember to do sth. 记得要做某事remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事stop to do sth. 停下来作另一件事stop doing sth. 停止做某事（4）allow, advise, forbid, permit, consider 后加宾语有两种形式：allow, advise, forbid, permit, consider + sb. to sth / doing sthEG.We don't allow smoking in the hall. 我们不准有人在大厅内吸烟。
Smoking is forbidden here so we don ' t allow you t这o 里sm禁ok止e吸. 烟，所以我们不允许你吸烟。
（5）need/require/want + to be done/doing/sb to do sth deserve + n./doing/to be done be worth + n./doingbe worthy + to be done/of + n./of being doneEG.The windows needs/requires/wants to be cleaned/cleaning. 窗户需要擦一下。
(6)疑问词how, what, whether, where, when, who 等+ to + tell / show / understand / explain / teach/ learn / advise / discuss / ask / decide / wonder / find out 等EG.He showed us how to do the work. 他给我们演示怎么做这项工作。
例3：The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without (recognizing).One learns a language by making mistakes and (correct) them.In some parts of London, missing a bus means (wait) for another hour.1. 非谓语动词(不定式、分词、动名词)作定语(1)不定式作定语作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或不定式所修饰的名词或代词时不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需要有相应的介词。
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place, way 时，不定式后面的介词习惯省去。
He had no place to live. 他没有地方住。
用不定式作定语的几种情况：A. 不定式表将来The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。
B. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。
He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这份工作的最佳人选。
C. 有些名词的同根词常跟不定式，因而他们也常跟不定式作定语，常见的有：promise, plan, attempt, offer, decision, refusal, failure, ability, chance, warning, anxiety, eagerness, willingness, readiness等I don ' t trust his promise to come for a visit我. 不相信他来访的诺言。
( 比较：He promised to come for a visit.)(2)分词作定语及物动词：现在分词doing ，现在分词被动语态being done；过去分词doneThe house being built are for the teachers.不及物动词：现在分词doing ，过去分词doneboiling water 沸腾的水（表正在进行）boiled water 白开水（标完成）英语中有些感觉的动词，其现在分词形式表示“令人⋯的”，过去分词形式表示“感到⋯的”。