高一英语讲义-非谓语动词讲义

高考英语非谓语动词

定义：在句中充当谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着谓语动词的其他特点，可以充当宾语、定语、主语、状语、补语等

一、非谓语动词基本形式

1. 动词不定式：to do 否定形式：not to do

2. 动名词：doing 否定形式：not doing

现在分词：doing not doing

1. 分词

过去分词：done not done

二、非谓语动词的时态语态变化

1.

* 现在分词表主动和进行，过去分词表被动和完成。

三、非谓语动词的句法功能

（1）二者作主语的差别：

动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；不定式作主语多表示具体的动作，尤指是某一次的动作。EG.

Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火）

To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。（指一次具体的动作）

（2）下列句型常用动名词作主语

no use/good

not any use/good It is/was +

of little use/good

+ doing sth

worth

EG.

It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。

（3）下列句型中常用不定式作主语

It + be + 名词+ to do sth.

It takes sb. + some time + to do sth.

It + be + difficult/easy/hard/important/impossible/necessary ⋯+ for sb. to do sth.

④ It + be + careless/clever/good/foolish/honest/kind/lazy/silly/wise ⋯+ of sb. to do sth.

EG.

It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in an hour. 我们难以在一小时内完成这篇作文。

例1：

It is stupid of you （write） down everything that the teacher says.

It ' s our duty （take） good care of the old.

How long did it take you （finish） the work?

2. 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）作表语

（1）二者作表语的差别：动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；不定式作表语多表示具体的动作，尤指是某一次的动作。

EG.

His favorite sport is swimming. 他最喜欢的运动是游泳。（泛指游泳）

Your task today is to wash the curtains. 你今天的任务是洗窗帘。（指一次具体的工作）

（2）现在分词、过去分词都可作表语，现在分词意为“令人⋯的”，过去分词意为“感到⋯的”。

EG.

The film is exciting. 这部电影激动人心。

He is excited at the news. 听到这个消息他激动不已。

（3）非谓语动词作remain 的表语。

remain 作“仍然是”讲，后面可加现在/过去分词作表语。

EG.

She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down. 虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。

The true author of the book remains unknown. 这本书真正的作者依然不详。

* 注：remain to be done 仍需去⋯

EG. Much remains to be done. 许多事仍需去做。

例2：

It ' s standard practice for a company like this one （employ） a security officer.

As we joined the big crowd I got （separate） from my friends.

The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain （seat） as the plane was making a landing.

3. 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词）作宾语

（1）下列动词一般用不定式作宾语：

decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help, afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten

EG.

She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 当我经过时，她假装没看见我。

（2）下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语：

consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon, admit, delay/put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice, deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, can ' t help,等mind, allow/permit, escape EG.

He got well -prepared for the job interview, for he couldn ' t risk losing the good opportunity.

他为这次求职面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。

（3）下列动词、词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可跟不定式作宾语，但意义不同。forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事remember to do sth. 记得要做某事remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事stop to do sth. 停下来作另一件事stop doing sth. 停止做某事

（4）allow, advise, forbid, permit, consider 后加宾语有两种形式：

allow, advise, forbid, permit, consider + sb. to sth / doing sth

EG.

We don't allow smoking in the hall. 我们不准有人在大厅内吸烟。

Smoking is forbidden here so we don ' t allow you t这o 里sm禁ok止e吸. 烟，所以我们不允许你吸烟。

（5）need/require/want + to be done/doing/sb to do sth deserve + n./doing/to be done be worth + n./doing

be worthy + to be done/of + n./of being done

EG.

The windows needs/requires/wants to be cleaned/cleaning. 窗户需要擦一下。

(6)疑问词how, what, whether, where, when, who 等+ to + tell / show / understand / explain / teach

/ learn / advise / discuss / ask / decide / wonder / find out 等