高中英语语法：非谓语动词 专题讲义

高中英语语法：非谓语动词专题讲义

非谓语动词就是不能充当句子谓语成分的动词形式，包括动词不定式（to do）、分词（过去分词V-p.p.、现在分词V-ing）、动名词V-ing三种形式。

一、动词不定式

1、基本形式：to do (有时to可以省略，称为不带to的不定式)

2、特点：没有人称和数的变化，也不受谓语动词时态变化的干

扰eg: I(You/He/She/We/You/They) want(wants/wanted)

to buy a car.

3、动词不定式可充当的句子成分

作主语

eg: To study hard is our duty.

常使用it作为形式主语，不定式作真正主语放后面

It is not easy to master a foreign language.

亦可在不定式前面加上for sb.指出不定式的逻辑主语

It is not easy for us to master a foreign language.

但某些表示人的品行的形容词，如：

kind/good/nice/right/wrong/wise/unwise/polite/impolite/rude/silly

/stupid/foolish /careless/clever/thoughtful等作表语时改用of sb.

It is kind of you to help me with my study.

●作宾语

eg: I want to borrow your dictionary.

能直接跟不定式作宾语的动词有want/like/hope/wish/prefer/hate/decide/expect/desire/try/manage/ start/begin/remember/forget/ask/offer/continue/agree/choose/pro-mise/mean/pretend等

常使用it作为形式宾语，不定式作真正主语放后面

I find it interesting to study English.

●作表语

也就是放在连系动词（主要有be动词am/ is/ are、感官动词look/ hear/ smell/ taste/ feel、表示保持和变化的动词stay/ keep/ remain/ become/ turn/ grow/ get以及seem等）的后面。

eg: Her wish is to become a doctor.

She doesn’t seem to like the idea.

●作定语

eg: Here are some books (for you to read).

She has a sick baby (to take care of).

Have you got anything to say? Vt.或短语动词（Vi.+介词）The nurse has five children to look after.

She was the first person to think of the idea.

作状语

1.作目的状语

eg: To catch the first bus, I have to get up early.

He went home to see his parents.

She uses a computer to write an article.

另外不定式作目的状语常用so as to(只能放句中) / in order to She checked the names carefully so as to / in order to avoid mistakes.

In order to(不能用so as to ) arrive before dark, we started early.

2.作结果状语

eg: What have I said to make you unhappy?

另外不定式作结果状语常用以下结构：

so + adj. + as to / such ( + n. ) + as to

He is so angry as to be unable to speak.

We are not such fools as to believe him.

Her illness is not such as to cause anxiety.

她的病还没有严重到令人担忧的地步。

… enough (for sb.) to …

The ice is thick enough to walk on.

too …to …表示否定的结果

He is too young to join the army.

only to …表示出乎意料的结果

I went to see him only to find him out.

3.作原因状语

eg: I am glad to hear the news.

作插入语

不定式有时可看作插入语，用来说明说话人的态度，对整个句子进行说明。

eg: To tell you the truth(说实话), I forgot all about it.

To be frank(坦率地说), I didn’t agree with you.

●作宾语补足语

不定式作宾语补足语与前面的名词或代词构成不定式的复合结构。

eg: Mother told me to come back before 10 o’clock.

We adviced him to have a good rest.

4、动词不定式的否定式：在不定式符号to前加not

eg: He decided not to go home.

5、“疑问词+不定式”结构

疑问词who/which/what/when/where/how/whether等后接不

定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

eg: I don’t know what to do.

6、动词不定式省略to的几种情况

●在使役动词make/ let/ have及感官动词see/ watch/ look at/ hear/

listen to/ feel/ notice等后面，但在被动语态中to 要恢复。eg: The teacher make the students listen attentively.

The students are made to listen attentively.

●but/ except/ besides/ than/ about等前面有do的某种形式存在