[全国版][高三英语专题][第5讲 非谓语动词]讲义(学生版)

第5 讲非谓语动词1.非谓语动词是高中英语教学的重点和难点，在高考中通常以单项填空、语法填空或短文改错的题型考查，分值在2-4 分。

2.非谓语动词的命题热点多是借助于基本概念，在语境中考查常用动词的各种非谓语形式以及个性动词后的非谓语形式。

有时也涉及非谓语动词逻辑主语的一致性问题以及独立主格结构中非谓语的各种变化。

3.非谓语动词的灵活掌握不仅能够帮助学生提高语法得分，而且有助于学生理解完形填空和阅读理解中的长难句，在写作中灵活使用非谓语动词更能使文章显得地道和精炼，提高写作得分。

观看MV《王二小》，划出下列句子中的非谓语动词，并说明该非谓语动词在句中的成分。

1.Herding the cattle is Wang Erxiao’s job.2.Wang Erxiao wanted to cheat the enemy.3.The enemy found themselves lost in the mountain.4.The wind spread the moving story all over China.5.They caught Wang Erxiao to ask for directions.非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词形式主动被动不定式to do to be doneto be doing -to have done to have been done 现在分词doing being donehaving done having been done 过去分词- done动名词形式同现在分词不定式一、不定式作主语不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。

如：It is good to help others.【即学即练】1.When and where to build the new factory yet.A.has not decidedB. are not decidedC. is not decidedD. have not decided2.It is not unusual for workers in that region .A.to be paid more than a month laterB. to be paid later than more a monthC. to pay later than a month moreD. to pay later more than a month3.In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.A.thisB. thatC. thereD. it二、不定式作宾语1.不定式作宾语时通常用于want, hope, wish, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, claim, fail, promise, plan, offer, prefer, attempt 等词后。

2.find, make, think, consider, feel 等动词不能直接接不定式作宾语，需用it 代替不定式作形式宾语。

如：This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop very quickly.3.“ 动词+ 疑问词+ 不定式” 结构中的疑问词通常有what, when, where, which, how, whether 等，但不能用why。

【即学即练】1.She pretended me when I passed by.A.not to seeB. not seeingC. to not seeD. having not seen2.Mr. Johnson preferred heavier work to do.A.to have givenB. to be givingC. to be givenD. having given3.The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.A.thatB. itC. thisD. him4.There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mindto buy.A.whatB. whichC. howD. where5.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows .A.it what to do withB. what to do it withC.what to do with itD. to do what with it三、不定式作定语1.不定式作定语多表示未来动作，而动词-ing 形式作定语多表示正在进行的动作。

不定式的被动式、动词-ing 形式和过去分词都可以表示被动动作，但动作发生的时间不同。

Example:下周要召开的会议非常重要。

The meeting to be held next week is of great importance.现在正在召开的会议非常重要。

The meeting being held now is of great importance.上周召开的会议非常重要。

The meeting held last week is of great importance.2.不定式作定语，有时与前面被修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关系。

如果不定式是不及物动词或所修饰的名词是不定式的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。

如：I haven't got a chair to sit on.【即学即练】1.There are five pairs , but I'm at a loss which to buy.A.to be chosenB. to choose fromC. to chooseD. for choosing2.When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person .A.to sendB. for sending itC. to send it toD. for sending it to3.Would you please give me a piece of paper ?A.to writeB. to write onC. to write withD. to be written4.If the building project by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.A.being completedB. is completedC. to be completedD. completed四、不定式作表语有一些系动词，如appear, remain, happen, seem, turn out 等后面要接不定式。

【即学即练】1.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it.A.to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen2.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if whether he was going in the right direction.A.seeingB. having seenC. to have seenD. to see五、不定式作状语1.不定式作目的状语一般的表现形式为to do，但也常出现in order to do, so as to do, in an effort to do, in an attempt to do 等复合形式。

不定式作目的状语时，它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。

不定式状语置于句首时，通常与主句间有逗号分割；置于句尾时，通常与主句间没有逗号分割。

2.不定式作结果状语，表示一种没有预料到的结果。

常用下列搭配：only to do / never to do, so + adj. + as to, such ... as to ... enough for sb. to do, too ... to do。

不定式作结果状语，常置于句尾，可与前面的主句间有逗号分隔。

Example:The tea is too hot to drink.Is your brother old enough to join the army?He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.What have I done to make you so angry?【即学即练】te in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleepB. SleepingC. SleepD. Having slept2.Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job.A.so not as toB. so as not toC. so as to notD. not so as to3.The driver turned his car sharply to the left to give the way to the running bull onlya tree by the road.A.to knock intoB. knocking downC. to knock atD. knocked over4.He tried many times to crawl over the fence after evening class, each time by the guards in our school.A.being caughtB. to be catchingC. only to be caughtD. catching5.Lily's mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never again.A.to findB. to be foundC. findingD. being found六、不定式作宾语补足语1.有些动词和短语可用不定式作宾语补足语，即构成“动词+ 宾语+ to do sth.”。