[全国版][高三英语专题][第5讲 非谓语动词]讲义(学生版)

第5 讲非谓语动词

1.非谓语动词是高中英语教学的重点和难点，在高考中通常以单项填空、语法填空或短文改错的题型考查，分值在2-4 分。

2.非谓语动词的命题热点多是借助于基本概念，在语境中考查常用动词的各种非谓语形式以及个性动词后的非谓语形式。有时也涉及非谓语动词逻辑主语的一致性问题以及独立主格结构中非谓语的各种变化。

3.非谓语动词的灵活掌握不仅能够帮助学生提高语法得分，而且有助于学生

理解完形填空和阅读理解中的长难句，在写作中灵活使用非谓语动词更能使

文章显得地道和精炼，提高写作得分。

观看MV《王二小》，划出下列句子中的非谓语动词，并说明该非谓语动词在句中的成分。

1.Herding the cattle is Wang Erxiao’s job.

2.Wang Erxiao wanted to cheat the enemy.

3.The enemy found themselves lost in the mountain.

4.The wind spread the moving story all over China.

5.They caught Wang Erxiao to ask for directions.

非谓语动词的形式

非谓语动词

形式主动被动

不定式

to do to be done

to be doing -

to have done to have been done 现在分词

doing being done

having done having been done 过去分词- done

动名词形式同现在分词

不定式

一、不定式作主语

不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。如：It is good to help others.

【即学即练】

1.When and where to build the new factory yet.

A.has not decided

B. are not decided

C. is not decided

D. have not decided

2.It is not unusual for workers in that region .

A.to be paid more than a month later

B. to be paid later than more a month

C. to pay later than a month more

D. to pay later more than a month

3.In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.

A.this

B. that

C. there

D. it

二、不定式作宾语

1.不定式作宾语时通常用于want, hope, wish, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, claim, fail, promise, plan, offer, prefer, attempt 等词后。

2.find, make, think, consider, feel 等动词不能直接接不定式作宾语，需用it 代替不定式作形式宾语。如：This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop very quickly.

3.“ 动词+ 疑问词+ 不定式” 结构中的疑问词通常有what, when, where, which, how, whether 等，但不能用why。

【即学即练】

1.She pretended me when I passed by.

A.not to see

B. not seeing

C. to not see

D. having not seen

2.Mr. Johnson preferred heavier work to do.

A.to have given

B. to be giving

C. to be given

D. having given

3.The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.

A.that

B. it

C. this

D. him

4.There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind

to buy.

A.what

B. which

C. how

D. where

5.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows .

A.it what to do with

B. what to do it with

C.what to do with it

D. to do what with it

三、不定式作定语

1.不定式作定语多表示未来动作，而动词-ing 形式作定语多表示正在进行的动作。不定式的被动式、动词-ing 形式和过去分词都可以表示被动动作，但动作发生的时间不同。

Example:

下周要召开的会议非常重要。

The meeting to be held next week is of great importance.

现在正在召开的会议非常重要。

The meeting being held now is of great importance.

上周召开的会议非常重要。

The meeting held last week is of great importance.

2.不定式作定语，有时与前面被修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关系。如果不定式是不及物动词或所修饰的名词是不定式的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：I haven't got a chair to sit on.

【即学即练】

1.There are five pairs , but I'm at a loss which to buy.

A.to be chosen

B. to choose from

C. to choose

D. for choosing

2.When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person .

A.to send

B. for sending it

C. to send it to

D. for sending it to

3.Would you please give me a piece of paper ?

A.to write

B. to write on

C. to write with

D. to be written

4.If the building project by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.

A.being completed

B. is completed

C. to be completed

D. completed

四、不定式作表语

有一些系动词，如appear, remain, happen, seem, turn out 等后面要接不定式。

【即学即练】

1.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it.

A.to see

B. to be seen

C. seeing

D. seen

2.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if whether he was going in the right direction.

A.seeing

B. having seen

C. to have seen

D. to see

五、不定式作状语

1.不定式作目的状语一般的表现形式为to do，但也常出现in order to do, so as to do, in an effort to do, in an attempt to do 等复合形式。不定式作目的状语时，它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。不定式状语置于句首时，通常与主句间有逗号分割；置于句尾时，通常与主句间没有逗号分割。

2.不定式作结果状语，表示一种没有预料到的结果。常用下列搭配：only to do / never to do, so + adj. + as to, such ... as to ... enough for sb. to do, too ... to do。不定式作结果状语，常置于句尾，可与前面的主句间有逗号分隔。

Example:

The tea is too hot to drink.

Is your brother old enough to join the army?

He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.

What have I done to make you so angry?

【即学即练】

https://www.360docs.net/doc/1f9353089.html,te in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.

A.To sleep

B. Sleeping

C. Sleep

D. Having slept

2.Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job.

A.so not as to

B. so as not to

C. so as to not

D. not so as to

3.The driver turned his car sharply to the left to give the way to the running bull only

a tree by the road.

A.to knock into

B. knocking down

C. to knock at

D. knocked over

4.He tried many times to crawl over the fence after evening class, each time by the guards in our school.

A.being caught

B. to be catching

C. only to be caught

D. catching

5.Lily's mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never again.

A.to find

B. to be found

C. finding

D. being found

六、不定式作宾语补足语

1.有些动词和短语可用不定式作宾语补足语，即构成“动词+ 宾语+ to do sth.”。这样的动词有：advice, allow, ask, assist, beg, cause, enable, encourage, forbid, force, get, persuade, permit, require, recommend, warn, expect, intend 等。

2.在feel, hear, listen to, let, make, have, see, watch, observe, notice, look at 等词和词组之后不定式不带to。但变为被动语态时，须加上to。如：The boys are often seen to swim in the river.

注意：

hope, agree, demand, suggest 没有宾语补足语。

get sb. to do sth. 的意义相当于have sb. do sth. 或make sb. do sth.，都表示“让某人做某事”。

动词不定式的否定结构是由“not/never + 不定式”构成。

【即学即练】

1.An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered clear warnings before firing any shots.

A.to issue

B. being issued

C. to have issued

D. to be issued

2.—What made her a famous artist?

—.

A.became; Work very hard

B. to become; Working very hard

C. become; Working very hard

D. to become; To work very hard

3.Mrs. Smith warned her daughter after drinking.

A.never to drive

B. to never drive

C. never driving

D. never drive

4.They are going to have the serviceman an electric fan in the office tomorrow.

A.install

B. to install

C. to be installed

D. installed

5.Paul doesn't have to be made . He always works hard.

A.learn

B. to learn

C. learned

D. learning

分词

一、分词作定语

1.-ing 分词作定语，表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作，与所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。如：Do you know the boy lying under the big tree? (= Do you know the boy who is lying under the big tree?)

2.-ed 分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成的动作，与所修饰名词构成动宾关系，相当于一个定语从句。如：Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. (= Most of the artists who had been invited to the party were from South Africa.)

【即学即练】

1.The picture on the wall is painted by my nephew.

A.having hung

B. hanging

C. hangs

D. being hung

2.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures

in your mind instead of before your eyes.

A.to form

B. form

C. forming

D. having formed

3.The first textbook for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A.have written

B. to be written

C. being written

D. written

4.Don't use words, expressions, or phrases only to people with specific

knowledge.

A.being known

B. having been known

C. to be known

D. known

二、分词作表语

分词作表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词作表语，一种是过去分词作表语。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词意为“令人……的”都是-ing 形式，意为“感到……” 都是-ed 形式。这类词常见的有：

interesting 使人感到高兴的interested 感到高兴的

satisfying 令人满意的satisfied 感到满意的

delighting 令人高兴的delighted 感到高兴的

disappointing 令人失望的disappointed 感到失望的

encouraging 令人鼓舞的encouraged 感到鼓舞的

pleasing 令人愉快的pleased 感到愉快的

puzzling 令人费解的puzzled 感到费解的

【即学即练】

1.—I'm very with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. —Mm, it does have a smell.

A.pleasant; pleased

B. pleased; pleased

C. pleasant; pleasant

D. pleased; pleasant

2.Have you read the news in today's newspaper? This news sounds .

A.encouraging

B. encouraged

C. encourage

D. to encourage

3.Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour.

A.pay

B. paying

C. paid

D. to pay

三、分词作状语

某些过去分词（短语）由于来源于系表结构（be + done），done 具有形容词的特征。虽然它们作状语时与句子主语之间存在逻辑意义上的主动关系，但仍然用它们的过去分词来作状语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：dressed like, dressed in, faced with, satisfied with, devoted to, tired of, born in, seated, pleased with, interested in, surprised at, exhausted, lost/absorbed in, concerned about, disappointed at, determined to, caught in 等。

【即学即练】

1.Realising that he hadn't enough money and to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.

A.not wanted

B. no want

C. not wanting

D. wanting not

2.with such great difficulty, Jack felt at a loss .

A.Facing; what to say

B. Faced; what to say

C. Having faced; how to tell

D. Being faced; how to speak

3.Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage the girl and took her away,

into the woods.

A.seizing; disappeared

B. seized; disappeared

C. seizing; disappearing

D. seized; disappearing

4.by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.

A.Attracting

B. Attracted

C. To be attracted

D. Having attracted

5.several times, the young scientist still kept on making his experiments.

A.Having been failed

B. Having failed

C. Though failed

D. Because of failure

6.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, that he had enjoyed his stay here.

A.having added

B. to add

C. adding

D. added

四、分词作宾语补足语

1.用在feel, smell, hear, listen to, see, watch, observe, notice, look at, find 感官动词和使役动词have, get, make, keep, leave 作宾语补足语。

2.在使役动词catch, keep, leave, get, set, send 之后，常用现在分词作宾语补足语。

【即学即练】

1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.

A.carry out

B. carrying out

C. carried out

D. to carry out

2.The boy was last seen near the East Lake.

A.missing; playing

B. missing; play

C. missed; played

D. missed; to play

3.When I caught him me, I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.

A.cheating

B. cheat

C. to cheat

D. to be cheating

4.They kept their eyes upon the screen as an exciting football match was televised live.

A.fixing

B. to be fixed

C. to fix

D. fixed

动名词

一、动名词作主语

1.作主语的动名词结构复杂且长时，可用it 作形式主语。常用句型有：

It's no use/ good doing sth.

It's foolish / interesting/a waste of time / energy / money doing sth.

2.不定式作主语与动名词作主语的不同：前者作主语时，常表示某一次具体的动作，而后者常表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

Example:

你今天下午愿意踢足球吗？

Would you like to play football this afternoon?

这些学生喜欢踢足球。

The students like playing football.

3.名词所有格（the girl's, John's ...）、人称代词宾格（me, you, her, him ...）或形容词性物主代词（my, your, his ...）后加动名词即构成动名词复合结构。

注意：

单个动名词或动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。

动名词的否定式常把not 放在动名词的前面。如：His not being able to pass the exam made the teacher unhappy.

【即学即练】

1.is a good form of exercise for both young and old.

A.The walk

B. Walking

C. To walk

D. Walk

2.to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.

A.Exposed

B. Having exposed

C. Being exposed

D. After being exposed

3.in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.

A.The girl was educated

B. The girl educated

C. The girl's being educated

D. The girl to be educated

4.made all of them much disappointed.

A.Her not coming back

B. Her not to come back

C.Not her returning

D. Not her being back

二、动名词作宾语

1.有些动词只能接动名词作宾语，如：appreciate, mind, enjoy, finish, escape, miss, consider, practise, imagine, keep, suggest, advise, allow, admit, permit, delay, forbid, can't help doing 等。

注意：动名词的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

Example:

她后悔没有努力学习计算机。

She regretted not having studied the computer hard.

你记得给我的承诺吗？

Do you remember having promised me that?

2.动名词作介词的宾语。what about, how about, without, with 等介词后接动名词。注意on/upon doing sth. 相当于as soon as 引导的从句，作此意讲时on/upon 后也可以接名词，如on his arrival。

注意：

动词短语和句型put off, give up, have trouble/difficulty/a hard time (in) doing sth., be busy doing sth., spend some time/money doing sth., be fond of, be worth, feel like, There is no use (in) doing sth., There is no point (in) doing sth. 等后面要接动名词。

to 作介词的短语：get used to, be used to, get down to, stick to, look forward to, pay attention to, be devoted to, lead to, go back to, be admitted to, be accustomed to, be exposed to, contribute to, turn to 等。

【即学即练】

1.Victor apologised for to inform me of the change in the plan.

A.his being not able

B. him not to be able

C. his not being able

D. him to be not able

2.Ann never dreams of for her to be sent abroad very soon.

A.there being a chance

B. there to be a chance

C. there be a chance

D. being a chance

3.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time the exam.

A.pass

B. to pass

C. passes

D. passing

4.How about the two of us a walk down the garden?

A.to take

B. take

C. taking

D. to be taking

三、特殊情况

1.英语中有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语，但意义不同。

go on doing sth.（继续做同一件事）

go on to do sth.（接着去做另一件事）

stop doing sth.（停止正在做的事）

stop to do sth.（停下来去做某事）

regret doing sth.（后悔做了某事）

regret to do sth.（相当于be sorry to do sth.）

forget/remember doing sth.（忘记／记得已做过的事）

forget/remember to do sth.（忘记／记得要做的事）

mean doing sth.（意味着做某事）

mean to do sth.（想做某事）

try doing sth.（尝试做某事）

try to do sth.（设法做某事）

can't help to do sth.（不能帮助做某事）

can't help doing sth.（情不自禁地做某事）

2.动词need, require, want, deserve 等后面用动名词的主动形式或不定式的

被动形式，这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。如：My bike needs/wants/requires repairing. (= My bike needs/wants/requires to be repaired.)

【即学即练】

1.In some parts of London, missing a bus means for another hour.

A.waiting

B. to wait

C. wait

D. to be waiting

2.—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

—Well, now I regret that.

A.to do

B. to be doing

C. to have done

D. having done

3.There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means

trouble.

A.making

B. to make

C. to have made

D. having made

固定用法

1.作插入语用的动词不定式，往往表示说话人对说话内容所持的态度，其逻辑主语不是句子的主语。

动词不定式作插入语的固定用法

to begin/start with 首先to tell the truth 老实说

to sum up 总之to be brief 概括地说

to be sure 的确，当然to say nothing of 更不用说

not to speak of 更不用说to be frank/plain 老实说，坦白地说to make matters/things worse 更糟的是to return to the subject 言归正传

to make a long story short 简而言之

2.作插入语用的分词表示说话人对说话内容所持的态度，分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语。

分词作插入语的固定用法

generally speaking 一般说来talking of (speaking of) 说到

strictly/frankly speaking 严格地／坦白地说judging from 从……判断

all things considered 从整体来看considering 考虑到

taking all things into consideration 全面看来supposing 假设

generally speaking 一般说来talking of (speaking of) 说到

【即学即练】

1.—What happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night?

—I lost my way in complete darkness and, things worse, it began to pour.

A.making

B. to make

C. having made

D. made

2.about buying cars, I prefer a car less than 100,000 yuan to one over the amount.

A.To talk

B. Talked

C. Having talked

D. Talking

3.John did quite well in his exams, how little he studied.

A.consider

B. considering

C. considered

D. to consider

一、语法填空

1.When asked by the police, he said that he remembered (arrive) at

the party, but not (leave).

二、单项填空

1. In the dream Peter saw himself by a fierce wolf, and he woke

suddenly with a start. A. chased

B. to be chased

C. be chased

D. having been chased

2. (dress) in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a

doctor.

3. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses (pay)

vacation to China.

4. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,

(reach) a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. 5.

(found) in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities

in the United States.

2. —There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. —My goodness! I can't imagine that old. A. to be

B. to have been

C. being

D. having been

3. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs,

that all children like these things. A. thinking B. think C. to think

D. thought

4.

for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in

7. After he became conscious, he remembered and

on the

head with a rod. A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hit C. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit

8. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness

.

low spirits.

A. Blaming

B. Blamed

D. To be blamed

5. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket the desert. A. covering C. cover

D. to cover

6. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national

literature were at hand, waiting . A. to use

B. to be used

C. to have used

D. to be using B. covered C. To blame

A.to make

B. to be made

C. making

D. being made

9.There have been several new events to the programme for the 2008

Beijing Olympic Games.

A.add

B. to add

C. adding

D. added

10.As the busiest woman in Norton, she made her duty to look after

all the other people's affairs in that town.

A.this

B. that

C. one

非谓语动词

形式主动被动

不定式

现在分词

过去分词

动名词

不定式可作、、、等成分

分词可作、、等成分

动名词可作、、等成分

分词作状语

形式与逻辑主语的关系与谓语动作的时间关系

doing

having done

having been done

done

学生易错点整理：

D. it