18 19 模块综合检测4

模块综合检测(四)

(满分：120分；时间：100分钟)

Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

A

We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a

natural，everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.When we do study our language，though，we are often surprised that we are able to understand our conversations.Words can mean so many different things.However, it turns out that the speaking situation helps a lot in making language work.

First，the speaking situation helps make words more particular.For example，the word “dog”can describe a dog that a speaker saw in a dream.It can also be used to discuss a neighbor's dog.No language has a separate word for the idea “dog that I saw yesterday”and another word for the idea “dog that I saw in a dream”．This is because

the speaking situation makes it clear what speakers mean when they use words.So，when you have a conversation with your neighbor, the knowledge that you have a dog tells your neighbor what the word “dog”probably means in that situation.

The speaking situation also helps make language clearer.For example，the word “bank”has two possible meanings.It can mean “a place where people keep money”，but it can also mean “the side of a river”．So the sentence “I went to the bank”is not

clear.It could mean I went to the side of the river or it could mean I went to the place where my money is kept.However，if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the mountains，others probably know that “bank”means “the side of a river”．The things that speakers say may not always be clear.Sometimes the words are

not very particular，but the speaking situation can provide the meaning.Other times words may have many meanings.Then the speaking situation limits the right meaning.This extra knowledge from the situation is very important to understand language.

【语篇解读】本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。

1．The passage is mainly about ________.

页 1 第

A．the best time and place to talk to others

B．how the speaking situation helps language work

C．what to say in difficult situations

D．how our language works

【解析】主旨大意题。本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。故选B。【答案】B

2．According to the passage，we can safely say that ________.

A．the speaking situation does not affect the meaning of words

B．speaking is not very natural for most people

C．the speaking situation is not important

D．people often do not consider how talking works

【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We do not usually think about how

our language works.Talking is such a natural，everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works”可知，选D。

【答案】D

3．By using the example of the word “dog”，the writer wants to show that

________.

A．a word may need to be explained in a conversation

B．a word may have different meanings

C．the speaking situation helps people understand the particular meaning of a

word

D．the meaning of words is not particular

【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句话“First，the speaking situation helps make words more particular”和下文的“For example”可知，下文正是用dog 一词举例来论证第二段的第一句话。故选C。

【答案】C

页 2 第

B

【导学号：94912048】

It's the universal cry of parents.“Get a job！”Soliman's mother told Soliman on the second day of his college breaks.

After years of delivering furniture for his mother's store，he knew many people

had things they wanted to get rid of.If he borrowed his mom's truck，he could make a little money by carrying away their garbage.

One night，Soliman came up with a name for his new business—College Hunks Hauling Junk.He advertised the next day，and within hours，his phone rang.He asked his friend Friedman to help.They made $220 in three hours by cleaning out a woman's garbage.Soliman and Friedman earned $10,000 that summer.But the two weren't ready to become full-time garbage men after graduation.“We were trained to finish college and get a good job，”says Soliman，who first worked at a research

firm.Friedman became an economic analyst.

After working for the firm and the company for a while，both of them changed

their minds.They quit their jobs and restarted their business，but had trouble finding a bank willing to lend them money.“Within months，”says Friedman，“we were pretty upset.”At last，one bank risked lending them $50,000.At first，they lost money.One customer asked them to deal with a dozen garbage cans filled with construction garbage.They measured the job by volume instead of by weight and charged just $130.“The cans were so heavy that it took us two and a half hours，”says Soliman，“and it cost us more than $250 to carry the load.”